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    Network Management System: Simple Solution

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    23wings
    The document discusses network management systems and the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). It provides the following key points: 1) A Network Management System (NMS) allows remote monitoring and control of networks to manage faults, accounting, configuration, security, and performance across heterogeneous, geographically distributed network elements. 2) SNMP is a protocol for exchanging management information between a management station and agents running on network devices. It defines a framework for storing and accessing management variables. 3) An NMS uses SNMP to monitor and control managed objects like interfaces, memory usage, and processors on network devices through operations like get, getnext, and set. Traps notify the NMS of events.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    Network Management System: Simple Solution

    Uploaded by

    23wings
    84 views23 pages
    The document discusses network management systems and the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). It provides the following key points: 1) A Network Management System (NMS) allows remote monitoring and control of networks to manage faults, accounting, configuration, security, and performance across heterogeneous, geographically distributed network elements. 2) SNMP is a protocol for exchanging management information between a management station and agents running on network devices. It defines a framework for storing and accessing management variables. 3) An NMS uses SNMP to monitor and control managed objects like interfaces, memory usage, and processors on network devices through operations like get, getnext, and set. Traps notify the NMS of events.

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    Computer Networks

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    The document discusses network management systems and the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). It provides the following key points: 1) A Network Management System (NMS) allows remote monitoring and control of networks to manage faults, accounting, configuration, security, and performance across heterogeneous, geographically distributed network elements. 2) SNMP is a protocol for exchanging management information between a management station and agents running on network devices. It defines a framework for storing and accessing management variables. 3) An NMS uses SNMP to monitor and control managed objects like interfaces, memory usage, and processors on network devices through operations like get, getnext, and set. Traps notify the NMS of events.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    84 views23 pages

    Network Management System: Simple Solution

    Uploaded by

    23wings
    The document discusses network management systems and the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). It provides the following key points: 1) A Network Management System (NMS) allows remote monitoring and control of networks to manage faults, accounting, configuration, security, and performance across heterogeneous, geographically distributed network elements. 2) SNMP is a protocol for exchanging management information between a management station and agents running on network devices. It defines a framework for storing and accessing management variables. 3) An NMS uses SNMP to monitor and control managed objects like interfaces, memory usage, and processors on network devices through operations like get, getnext, and set. Traps notify the NMS of events.

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    Computer Networks Prof.

    Hema A Murthy

    Network Management System


    •NMS:
    • Simple solution:
    •Ping all elements routinely
    •If machine down go and fix it
    •Time stamps on ping packets – indicate delay, congestion
    •Becomes a problem with large and complex networks
    •Network Management System:
    • Remote monitoring and control of the network
    •Complex Network – failure in one part can affect the rest of
    network, for example Network storms
    Indian Institute of Technology Madras
    Computer Networks Prof. Hema A Murthy

    Simple Network Management


    Protocol
    • A protocol for exchanging information
    between management station and a number
    of agents
    • Provides a frame work for formatting and
    storing management information
    • Defines a number of general purpose
    management information variables, objects

    Indian Institute of Technology Madras


    Computer Networks Prof. Hema A Murthy

    Network Management System


    * Example: Noise on a link
    Packet loss
    Link level ARQ
    Queue builds up
    Source retransmits
    Congestion on other levels - cascade effect
    Clearly what is required:
    - An Integrated view of the Network
    Network Management:
    Monitoring and control of a heterogeneous, geographical
    distributed NEs
    Indian Institute of Technology Madras
    Computer Networks Prof. Hema A Murthy

    Network Manage System (contd.)


    • What does an NMS manage:
    – Faults: Detect, weak, isolate
    – Accounting: Charges for resource usage,
    limits on resource usage
    – Configuration: Identify and control,
    managed obejects (Example Switch, Access
    centre, router)

    Indian Institute of Technology Madras


    Computer Networks Prof. Hema A Murthy

    Network Management System (contd.)


    – Security: Protect access to objects
    • authentication, manage keys
    – Performance monitoring:
    • Gather statistics, analyse and plan for the future
    – Fault Predictor:
    • Predict a fault before it actually occurs

    Indian Institute of Technology Madras


    Computer Networks Prof. Hema A Murthy

    Network Management System (contd.)

    How is management done?

    Managed object

    NE

    Agent Manager
    protocol
    operator

    Management station

    Indian Institute of Technology Madras


    Computer Networks Prof. Hema A Murthy

    Network Management System (contd.)


    • Object:
    • Attributes: Names, upTime, load
    • Operation: create/ delete, get/ set
    actions (reboot)
    • Notification: Unusual events

    Indian Institute of Technology Madras


    Computer Networks Prof. Hema A Murthy

    Network Management System (contd.)

    •NMS must support


    •Heterogeneous NEs,
    •multivendor NEs,
    •management station must be able to talk to a diverse set of
    component
    •Stream lining required
    •Specify information maintained by different devices rigidly

    Indian Institute of Technology Madras


    Computer Networks Prof. Hema A Murthy

    Network Management System (contd.)


    • Behaviour of the object:
    – Agent notifies manager
    • Different NEs have different variables of
    interest:
    – Store variables on a MIB or MOL
    • MIB – Management Information Branch
    • MOL – Management Object Library
    • Protocol: Message (PDU) for operations
    and notification
    Indian Institute of Technology Madras
    Computer Networks Prof. Hema A Murthy

    A typical view SNMP for management


    Management
    Application get request
    get next request
    set request
    Managed Obj
    get response
    Trap

    SNMP manager SNMP agent


    UDP UDP

    IP IP

    NW Dependent- NW Dependent

    Network or the
    Indian Institute of Technology Madras
    Internet
    Computer Networks Prof. Hema A Murthy

    SNMP (contd.)
    Trap - Notification sent to manager
    When an agent notices peculiar problem notifies manager
    Example: reboot,
    congestion,
    link up/ down – maintained in the device MIB and event
    reported to manager – TRAP
    get – Enables manager to retrieve inform of object at agent

    Indian Institute of Technology Madras


    Computer Networks Prof. Hema A Murthy

    SNMP (contd.)
    Proxy agents: SNMP based NMS assume SNMP agent is running
    on all NEs
    Older devices – do not support SNMP
    - Support proxy agent, who communicates with manager on
    behalf of a device

    Indian Institute of Technology Madras


    Computer Networks Prof. Hema A Murthy

    SNMP (contd.)
    • Heart of SNMP:
    – Objects managed by agent – read and written by
    management statio
    – Objects defined in a vendor neutral way
    – BER – basic encoding rules for sending over a
    wire
    • Objects represented in ASN-1
    – DDL: ISO 8824
    – BER: ISO 8825
    – Data = <type, value>
    Indian Institute of Technology Madras
    Computer Networks Prof. Hema A Murthy

    SNMP (contd.)
    Basic Data types allowed in SNMP:
    INTEGER: arbit length – Integer
    BITSTRING: A string of 0 or more bits
    OCTETSTRING: A string of 0 or more unsigned bytes
    NULL: A place holder
    OBJECTIDENTIFIER: An officially defined type
    Count INTEGER ::= 100
    STATUS ::= INTEGER {up(I), down(Z), unknown(I)}
    OBJECTIDENTIFIER: Provides ways of identifying object
    - A standard tree, every object is placed at a unique place in the
    tree
    Indian Institute of Technology Madras
    Computer Networks Prof. Hema A Murthy

    SNMP (contd.)
    Every object in every standard represented by an OID
    Construction of new type from basic types:
    SEQUENCE – ordered list of type – structure in C
    SEQUENCE of - a 1–D array of a single type
    Tagging: Creating new types by tagging old ones
    Count 32 ::= [APPLICATION 1] INTEGER( 0….. 232 – 1)
    Gauge32 ::= [APPLICATION 2] INTEGER( 0….. 232 – 1)
    Tags: 4 types
    Universal, application wide, context specific and private
    ASN 1 Transfer Syntax:
    - Define how values of ASN 1 types can be unambiguously
    converted to a sequence of bytes for transmission
    Indian Institute of Technology Madras
    Computer Networks Prof. Hema A Murthy

    SNMP (contd.)

    BER: (Basic Encoding Rules)


    - Transfer of data between machine
    1) Identifier (type or tag)
    2) Length of data field in bytes
    3) The data field
    4) End of contents flag, if data length is unknown

    Indian Institute of Technology Madras


    Computer Networks Prof. Hema A Murthy

    SNMP (contd.)
    SNMP message format:
    2 1 5
    Tag

    00 0/1
    Value of tag
    01
    10
    11
    00 – Universal
    01 – application wide each standard
    10 – limited use in a standard context – specific
    11 – not defined by only standard - private
    Indian Institute of Technology Madras
    Computer Networks Prof. Hema A Murthy

    SNMP (contd.)
    Example: 285 10
    Machine x: 0000 0001 0001 1101
    Machine y:1011 1000 1000 0000, 0000 0000, 0000 0000
    ASN 1:
    0000 0001 0000 0010 0000 0000
    Integer LEN = 2 1 X 256 1 + 0001 1101
    25 x 256 0
    Example: Macro – Object – Type
    Macro four parameter:
    lostPackets OBJECT-TYPE
    SYNTAX Counter 32 -32 bit counter
    MAX-ACCESS Read-only – Cannot be changed by management
    station
    Indian Institute of Technology Madras
    Computer Networks Prof. Hema A Murthy

    SNMP (contd.)
    STATUS current
    - Conform with current SNMP
    (Obsolete, deprecated, current)
    DESCRIPRTION ::= { experimental 20}
    position in tree
    Representation of Internet object:
    000 00110 0000 0011 00101 011 00000110 00000
    OID 3 bytes 40a+b 6 1

    Indian Institute of Technology Madras


    Computer Networks Prof. Hema A Murthy

    SNMP (contd.)
    Structures of Management information:
    •Define SNMP DS
    •Lowest level SNMP variable as defined as individual objects
    •Related objects collected together into groups
    •Groups collected together as new rules
    •Uses macro to define new types
    •macro notation
    •macro definition
    •macro instance
    Pair-Integer ::= SEQUENCE (INTEGER, INTEGER,
    OCTETSTRING)
    Combining a macro to include any such pair
    Indian Institute of Technology Madras
    Computer Networks Prof. Hema A Murthy

    SNMP PDU
    Messages:
    Agents and management station exchange PDUs
    Get, Get Next
    Get Response
    Manager
    Agent Trap
    Cut Bulk
    Common Req ID Error
    string PDUType

    version Status
    Error N1 V1 N2 V2
    indent
    N# - Name, V#- value
    Indian Institute of Technology Madras
    Computer Networks Prof. Hema A Murthy

    SNMP TRAP PDU


    Agent Specific time stamp
    PDUType Enteprise
    address trap

    n1, v1, n2, v2 …..


    Enterprise: Type of object subsystem generating the trap sysOID
    Agent address: IP address of agent
    Generic Trap:
    0 – Cold start
    1 – Warm start
    2 – Link down
    3 – Link up
    4 – Authorisation failure
    6 – Enterprise specific
    Indian Institute of Technology Madras
    Computer Networks Prof. Hema A Murthy

    SNMP Message Transmission


    • PDU is constructed using the ASN 1 structure (RFC 1157)
    • PDU passed to an authentication service together with source
    and destination transport addresses and a community name
    • Authentication
    • encrypts message
    • transform message
    • Protocol entity constructs a message – version field, community ,
    ...
    • Object then encoded using BER
    Indian Institute of Technology Madras

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