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    Fibre Distributed Data Interface: - Runs On Fibre and Not Copper - Dual Ring

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    23wings
    The document discusses the Fibre Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) which uses dual fiber optic rings to transmit data in opposite directions. It runs on fiber rather than copper. Stations can connect to the single cable using a concentrator. FDDI supports up to 500 stations within a 200km network. It uses 4B/5B encoding and can support both synchronous and asynchronous traffic on the token ring.

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    Fibre Distributed Data Interface: - Runs On Fibre and Not Copper - Dual Ring

    Uploaded by

    23wings
    22 views14 pages
    The document discusses the Fibre Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) which uses dual fiber optic rings to transmit data in opposite directions. It runs on fiber rather than copper. Stations can connect to the single cable using a concentrator. FDDI supports up to 500 stations within a 200km network. It uses 4B/5B encoding and can support both synchronous and asynchronous traffic on the token ring.

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    Computer Networks

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    The document discusses the Fibre Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) which uses dual fiber optic rings to transmit data in opposite directions. It runs on fiber rather than copper. Stations can connect to the single cable using a concentrator. FDDI supports up to 500 stations within a 200km network. It uses 4B/5B encoding and can support both synchronous and asynchronous traffic on the token ring.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    22 views14 pages

    Fibre Distributed Data Interface: - Runs On Fibre and Not Copper - Dual Ring

    Uploaded by

    23wings
    The document discusses the Fibre Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) which uses dual fiber optic rings to transmit data in opposite directions. It runs on fiber rather than copper. Stations can connect to the single cable using a concentrator. FDDI supports up to 500 stations within a 200km network. It uses 4B/5B encoding and can support both synchronous and asynchronous traffic on the token ring.

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    Computer Networks Prof.

    Hema A Murthy

    Fibre Distributed Data Interface


    • Runs on fibre and not copper
    • dual ring
    – two independent rings transmitting data in
    opposite direction
    – second not used for normal operation
    – used only if primary fails

    Indian Institute of Technology Madras


    Computer Networks Prof. Hema A Murthy

    FDDI Ring

    Indian Institute of Technology Madras


    Computer Networks Prof. Hema A Murthy

    FDDI Ring
    • Expensive – twice the amount of fibre
    – stations may be allowed to connect on a single
    cable
    • single attachment station (SAS)
    • use concentrator to connect several SASs to
    dual ring

    Indian Institute of Technology Madras


    Computer Networks Prof. Hema A Murthy

    Fibre Concentrator
    Upstream Downstream
    neighbour neighbour

    SAS SAS SAS SAS


    Concentrator detects failure of SAS
    - Optical bypass to isolated failed SAS

    Indian Institute of Technology Madras


    Computer Networks Prof. Hema A Murthy

    FDDI Ring
    • Each NE Adapter hosts some number of bits
    between its input and output interfaces
    – Variable buffer size
    • 9 ≤ buffersize ≤ 80 bit
    • Station transmits an amount equal to half
    buffer
    • Total time depends on buffer

    Indian Institute of Technology Madras


    Computer Networks Prof. Hema A Murthy

    Delay in FDDI
    • Example: 100 Mbps FDDI
    • - 10 ns for bit time
    • - Each station 10 bit buffer – waits until
    buffer half full before transmitting
    – station introduces 50 ns delay into TRT

    Indian Institute of Technology Madras


    Computer Networks Prof. Hema A Murthy

    FDDI –Physical Characteristics


    • 500 stations with a maximum distance of
    2km between any pair
    • maximum network length : 200km
    • 100 km connecting all stations (dual ring)

    Indian Institute of Technology Madras


    Computer Networks Prof. Hema A Murthy

    FDDI –Physical Characteristics


    • FDDI encoding:
    – 4B/5B encoding
    – Replace 4B with 5B code such that no more
    than one leading zero,
    – no more than two trailing zeros and no more
    than 3 consecutive zeros

    Indian Institute of Technology Madras


    Computer Networks Prof. Hema A Murthy

    Asynchronous vs. Synchronous


    Traffic
    • Synchronous traffic
    – Traffic is delay sensitive
    – station transmits data whether token is late or
    early
    – But synchronous cannot exceed one TTRT in
    one TRT
    • Asynchronous traffic
    – Station transmits only if token is early

    Indian Institute of Technology Madras


    Computer Networks Prof. Hema A Murthy

    Measurement of Token Rotation


    Time (TRT)
    • Target Token Rotation Time (TTRT – agreed
    upon time)
    • Time between successive token arrival – TRT
    observed by any node
    • TRT > TTRT
    – token late station does not transmit data
    • TRT < TTRT
    – station holds token until TTRT
    – down stream station may not be able to transmit

    Indian Institute of Technology Madras


    Computer Networks Prof. Hema A Murthy

    Token Maintenance
    • Process of setting up TTRT
    • Monitor ring to ensure token has not been lost
    • Fix TTRT – each node bids for the TTRT
    • Idle time between valid transmissions that a given
    node experiences is
    – ring latency + time to transmit a full frame
    – 2.5 ms maximally sized ring
    • If timer expired then claim token
    – TTRT lower used
    – Lower TTRT – new node enters the bidding process by

    Indian Institute of Technology Madras


    Computer Networks Prof. Hema A Murthy

    FDDI: Analysis
    • Worst Case
    – Nodes with asynchronous traffic use one TTRT
    – Next nodes with synchronous traffic in one
    TTRT
    • TRT at a node = 2 * TTRT
    – Synchronous traffic TTRT
    – Next no asynchronous – token late

    Indian Institute of Technology Madras


    Computer Networks Prof. Hema A Murthy

    FDDI Analysis
    – No back to back transmission of TTRT
    • When does a node transmit asynchronous data
    – TRT + ε = TTRT => Transmit
    – Total TRT = TTRT + full FDDI frame
    – if claim frame makes it all the way back to the
    original sende
    • node knows it is only active bidder => safely claim
    the token

    Indian Institute of Technology Madras


    Computer Networks Prof. Hema A Murthy

    FDDI Frame Format

    24
    Destination Source End of Frame
    control CRC
    address address frame Status
    48 48 32
    8
    Start of frame

    Indian Institute of Technology Madras

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