116 141813485925 28

EEG BASED HOME APPLIANCE CONTROL FOR PROVIDING
GUIDANCE TO PARALYZED PERSON

1
ARPIT SRIVASTAVA, 2A. MUKUND LAL, 3ADARSH JAIN, 4MOHAMMAD FURKAN,

5
ABHILASH SINGH
1,2,3,4,5
Hindustan College of Science and Technology, Mathura, India
Abstract- This paper proposes a method for the brain computer interfacing for EEG based brain controlled wheelchair for
severely disabled people in their daily life. In this paper, we provide the basic techniques for interfacing the brain to the
external environment such as controlling home appliances, extracting information about surroundings through voice
playback system and movement of wheelchair as desired by the disabled person sitting on the wheelchair. We will first
review and classify the waves which are encountered during EEG. Since EEG is the reflection of brain activity and is widely
used in clinical diagnosis and biomedical research, it is used as the main signal. The proposed system integrates EEG
headset, microcontroller, laptop, accelerometers, and the wheelchair. Neural signals are obtained from human brain using
wireless EEG headset and are processed through real time data acquisition in MATLAB. The wheelchair consists of
microcontroller, to execute the command, accelerometer, voice play back system, and RFID card reader.
Keywords- Brain Computer Interface, Home Appliance Control, Wheelchair, Alpha Waves, Voice Playback System, RFID.
I. INTRODUCTION
II. METHODS AND METHODOLOGY
Brain-computer interface technology allows users

who are impaired or paralyzed to communicate with
the external environment such as controlling home
appliance which includes switching on/off fan, lights,
television, changing television channels, etc. The
disabled individuals can therefore convey their
intentions or operations to these interfaces. The basic
idea of BCI is to translate user produced patterns in
EEG.
a) EEG (electroencephalography): The EEG is the

measurement of the activity of large number of
neurons, these recordings are painless, non invasive
and do not interfere much with any users ability to
move or perceive stimuli.
The EEG electrodes measures voltage difference at
the scalp in the microvolt range. EEG signal are
acquired with the electrodes that are placed on the
scalp surface. Silver chloride electrodes are the
widely used electrodes because of its low price and
low contact impedance. The Ag/AgCl electrodes need
to remove outer skin layer and then a gel is filled
between the electrodes and scalp and these are known
as wet electrodes. This result in discomfort for the
users and also takes much time. The shortcoming of
wet electrode is eliminated by dry electrodes as they
do not use gel and skin cleaning. Only disadvantage
of using dry electrodes is that the contact impedance
increases.
To operate home lighting systems manually using

switches may be difficult to be performed by some
paralyzed people. Even though using a remote control
may also be a difficult task. Nowadays, a lot of
improvement has been made in the development of
lighting system.
It is also believed that eye blink is one of the
mechanisms to help disable people in their everyday
routines. This eye blinking activity can be detected
from EEG (electroencephalography) signal via a
brain computer Interface (BCI) that allows people to
communicate without using many gestures.
The electrodes are placed according to the 10-20

international system that means electrodes are located
on the scalp at 10% and 02% of a measured distance
from the reference sites.
There have been several studies using the signals of

brain activity to control machines. For example, these
systems were constructed to control wheelchair.
The brains electrical charge is maintained due to

billion of neurons. Neurons are polarized by
membrane transport proteins that are responsible for
pumping ions across their membranes. Our brain is
connected to the outside world through the sensory
organs which act as a transducer converting physical
energy, such as auditory pressure waves or light
waves into a series of pulses which are conveyed
along the nerve fibers to the brain. The brain not only
responds to sensory stimulus but also thinks. Both
The proposed system is an extension to consisting of

wheelchair which is incorporated by a data
acquisition system, data processing system,
microcontroller, motors for the motion of wheel
chair, buzzer, RFID reader, voice playback system,
IR LED, pressure sensor, GSM Module. It will
eliminate the need of using camera and much
additional functions are added.
Proceedings of Second IRF International Conference, 30th November-2014, Mysore, India, ISBN: 978-93-84209-69-8
25
EEG Based Home Appliance Control for providing Guidance to paralyzed person
activities invoke cognitive processing at the neuronal

level, thus both are reflected in EEG.
EYE CLOSURE
GENERATION OF ALPHA
WAVES
EEG SIGNAL ANALYSIS
CALCULATION OF
DURATION OF
GENERATION OF ALPHA
WAVES
The similarly charged ions repel each other and when

such ions are collected and are pushed out and hence
they form a wave. When this wave of ions reaches the
electrode on the scalp, they push or pull electrons on
the metal on the electrodes.
IF CLOSURE OF EYES IS
BETWEEN 10 TO 15 SEC
READ THE VALUES OF

ACCELEROMETER
Since metal is a good conductor and therefore push

and pull of voltages between any two electrodes can
be measured.
TILT OF ACCELEROMETER
WILL DECIDE THE
MOTION OF WHEELCHAIR
The basic building block of the nervous system is the

neuron. These neurons are arranged in many
complicated ways so as to process the information
and to take decisions. Dendrites carry information to
the neuron. An axon carry information away from
neuron.
EEG typically has amplitudes ranging from 10 to 100

microvolt and in the frequency range of 0.5 to 40 Hz.
Different waves are classified as below:
1) Delta - 0.5 to 3.5 Hz
2) Theta - 3.5 to 7.5 Hz
3) Alpha - 7.5 to 12.5 Hz
4) Beta - above 12.5 Hz
Fig.2 shows the block diagram of procedure to move

the wheelchair
Alpha waves are generated when the eyes are closed
and it disappears when eyes are opened. We will be
analyzing the P3-01 and P4-02 electrodes which are
connected to posterior side of head where alpha
waves are more dominant. A shown in fig. 2 the
deflection generated in FP1-F3 and FP2-F4 is due to
the eye blink, as the electrodes are placed near
forehead region where eye blink effect is more
pronounced. Therefore, when the user closes his eyes,
alpha waves are generated. We will be calculating the
eye closure delay and different operations will be
performed depending on the duration of eye closure.
b) Signal acquisition and processing:
Fig.1 shows the block diagram for interfacing brain

with external environment.
Fig. 3: Recording Of EEG
It shows the interfacing of the wheelchair with brain

through the EEG. We acquire EEG signals by EEG
headset and are processed in real time after
amplifying and filtering the incoming EEG signals.
After fetching the desired EEG signals we can extract
results as per the desire of the paralyzed user.
c) Working
If the closure of eye is between 10-15 seconds, then
the signal will be sent from Matlab to the
microcontroller. An accelerometer will be placed on
the cap of disabled person which has been interfaced
with the microcontroller. After receiving command
from Matlab, microcontroller will check the status of
26
output of accelerometer and it will perform functions

as shown in Table.4 below by sending commands to
motor of wheelchair:
GESTURE
1.
2.
3.
4.
wheelchair
will
move forward
wheelchair
move right
will
Head in
direction
wheelchair
move left
will
Back to
motion
wheelchair
the
of
If on entering room user chooses to switch on the

television, then voice playback system will start
giving instructions as given below in Table.6.
GESTURE
wheelchair
will
move backward
OPERATION EXECUTED
1.
Head right
Change channel
2.
Head left
Vary volume
3.
Head
forward
back to control home

appliances
Table.6 Instructions for operating television
Table. 4 Instructions for motion of wheelchair
Television will be operated as shown in Table. 6

above using IR LED attached to the wheelchair and it
will be programmed to perform the basic functions of
a T.V remote as microcontroller will send instructions
to IR LED after reading the status of accelerometer.
In case of any emergency, if the disabled person
wants to call anyone for assistance, then he can do
this by blowing through a straw at end of which a
pressure sensor has been placed. When the pressure
sensor will sense pressure, it will send command to
microcontroller and microcontroller will turn on
buzzer and will send the SMS to desired person
through GSM module attached to the wheelchair.
If the user has to stop the movement of wheelchair,

then the user can do this by again closing his
eyes
for 10-15 seconds, because of which alpha
rhythms will be generated and the processor will
check if it is for 10-15 seconds or not.
If it is for this duration then it will send command to
the microcontroller and microcontroller unit will stop
the motors of wheel chair.
On entering different rooms, RFID tag will be read by
RFID card reader which has been already attached to
the wheelchair.
In this way many difficulties will be eliminated from

the life of paralyzed and disabled person and would
help them to communicate to external environment.
On reading RFID card, microcontroller will fetch the

information from the reader and it will give
information about that room through the voice
playback system attached to the wheelchair and the
instructions will change on entering different rooms
as shown in Table.5.
GESTURE
Close eyes for 10-15 sec
Table.5 Instructions for controlling home appliances
OPERATION
EXECUTED
Head
in
forward
direction
Head
in
backward
direction
Head in right
direction
left
5.
CONCLUSION
The proposed system helps paralyzed and disabled
people efficiently as it do not require any sort of
complex wiring and no such muscular power to
operate it. It will prove to be beneficial to these
people as only eye blink and head movement are
needed in this proposed system, which are much
easier gestures as compared to other gestures of the
body. An alarm is provided for any emergency cases
which will eliminate chances for the occurrence of
accident. Therefore, communication will be done
between the disabled person and external
environment through which a paralyzed and disabled
person can communicate efficiently.
OPERATION
EXECUTED
1.
Head Forward
Switch on light
2.
Head Backward
Switch on fan
3.
Head Right
Switch
television
on
REFERENCES
4.
Head Left
Switch off
appliances
all
[1]
DC Reddy,Biomedical Signal Processing Page 130-131.
[2]
Luzheng Bi, Xian-An Fan, Yili Liu,EEG based brain

controlled mobile robots: a surveyIEEE transactions on
human machine systems.pp.166
27
[3]
G.N. Jyabhavani, N.R. Raajan, R. RubiniBrain Mobile

Interfacing (BMI) system embedded with wheelchair,
Proceedings Of 2013 IEEE Conference on ICT.
[4]
Manoilov, P.P. EEG Eye blinking Artifacts Power

Spectrum Analysis, Proceedings of Int. Con. On Computer
System and Technologies, CompSysTEch06, V. Tarnavo,
Bulgaria, 15-16 June 2006, pp. IIIA.3.1-IIIA.3-5.
[5]
Harun, H. and Mansor, W., EOG Signal Detection for

Home appliances Activation, IEEE Colloquium on Signal
Processing and its Applications, Kuala lumpur, Malaysia,
2009, in-press.
[6]
Jzau-Sheng Lin, Kuo-Chi Chen, and Win-Ching

Yang,EEG and eye blinking signals through a brain
computer interface Based Control for Electric wheelchairs

with wireless scheme
[7]
Yohsio Kaji , Masatake Akutagaw, Fumio shichijo ,

Hirofumi
Nagashino,
Yoshuke
Kinouchi,
Shinji
Nagahiro,Analysis for Brain activities during operation
using measured EEG, Proceedings of 2005 IEEE.
[8]
Yisi Liu, Olga Sourina, and Minh Khoa Nguyen, Real time
EEG-based
Human
Emotion
Recognition
and
Visualization, 2010 International Conference on
Cyberworlds.
[9]
Md. Shahedul Amin, Md. Riayasat Azim, Tahmid, Latif,

Md. Ashraful Hoque,Spectral Analysis Of Human
Sleep.2010 2nd International Conference on Signal
Processing Systems (ICSPS) ppV3-106.
28

116 141813485925 28

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

116 141813485925 28

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

116 141813485925 28

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

EEG BASED HOME APPLIANCE CONTROL FOR PROVIDING

GUIDANCE TO PARALYZED PERSON

ARPIT SRIVASTAVA, 2A. MUKUND LAL, 3ADARSH JAIN, 4MOHAMMAD FURKAN,

Hindustan College of Science and Technology, Mathura, India

II. METHODS AND METHODOLOGY

Brain-computer interface technology allows users

a) EEG (electroencephalography): The EEG is the

To operate home lighting systems manually using

The electrodes are placed according to the 10-20

There have been several studies using the signals of

The brains electrical charge is maintained due to

The proposed system is an extension to consisting of

activities invoke cognitive processing at the neuronal

EEG SIGNAL ANALYSIS

The similarly charged ions repel each other and when

READ THE VALUES OF

Since metal is a good conductor and therefore push

The basic building block of the nervous system is the

EEG typically has amplitudes ranging from 10 to 100

Fig.2 shows the block diagram of procedure to move

b) Signal acquisition and processing:

Fig.1 shows the block diagram for interfacing brain

Fig. 3: Recording Of EEG

It shows the interfacing of the wheelchair with brain

output of accelerometer and it will perform functions

If on entering room user chooses to switch on the

back to control home

Table.6 Instructions for operating television

Table. 4 Instructions for motion of wheelchair

Television will be operated as shown in Table. 6

If the user has to stop the movement of wheelchair,

In this way many difficulties will be eliminated from

On reading RFID card, microcontroller will fetch the

Close eyes for 10-15 sec

Table.5 Instructions for controlling home appliances

DC Reddy,Biomedical Signal Processing Page 130-131.

Luzheng Bi, Xian-An Fan, Yili Liu,EEG based brain

G.N. Jyabhavani, N.R. Raajan, R. RubiniBrain Mobile

Manoilov, P.P. EEG Eye blinking Artifacts Power

Harun, H. and Mansor, W., EOG Signal Detection for

Jzau-Sheng Lin, Kuo-Chi Chen, and Win-Ching

computer interface Based Control for Electric wheelchairs

Yohsio Kaji , Masatake Akutagaw, Fumio shichijo ,

Md. Shahedul Amin, Md. Riayasat Azim, Tahmid, Latif,

You might also like