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    Performance Evaluation of A Water Treatment Plant (Case Study)

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    Performance Evaluation of A Water Treatment Plant (Case Study)

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    Chan Kian
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    water treatment

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    Performance Evaluation of A Water Treatment Plant (Case Study)

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    Chan Kian
    water treatment

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    Third International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering and Technology

    PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF A WATER TREATMENT PLANT


    (CASE STUDY)
    A. N. Burile
    M.Tech (Env. Engg.) 4th Sem student
    G. H. Raisoni College of Engineering,
    Nagpur, India
    ajayburile@yahoo.co.in

    Dr. P. B. Nagarnaik
    Professor. in Civil Engg. Department
    G. H. Raisoni College of Engineering,
    Nagpur, India
    pbnagarnaik@rediffmail.com

    GOREWADA PENCH PHASE-II WATER


    TREATMENT PLANT

    Abstract --For providing continuous and good quality of water


    to all the regions in Maharashtra through out the year, Govt. of
    Maharashtra has constructed new water treatment plants
    during the past few years. Performance of these plants is an
    essential parameter to be monitored and evaluated for the
    better understanding of design and operating difficulties in
    water treatment plants. The conclusions of these evaluations
    may determine required recommendations and highlight
    modification requirements for continuous design and operating
    schemes. This paper outlines the finding of investigation of the
    treatment plant in Gorewada, Nagpur. The Physico-chemical
    analysis is proposed to be conducted to investigate water
    quality. The conclusions drawn from this study will outlines the
    importance of accurate engineering design and need for
    continuous monitoring and analysis of each unit performance. (1)

    The city of Nagpur is located in the Central


    India and second city in the state of Maharashtra.
    Present population of Nagpur city is 30 lakhs. Water
    supply to the city is arranged from Ambazari reservoir,
    Kanhan river, Venna reservoir and Gorewada tank
    which are 6.8 MLD, 109 MLD, 13.6 MLD and 113.5
    MLD capacity respectively and its total being 242.9
    MLD.
    Water treatment plant was constructed in the
    year 1982, under Pench Phase -I project which 113.5
    MLD, source of water is right bank canal on Pench
    Lake. About 46% of the total water supplied to the city
    is being catered by this plant. The plant is running for 24
    hours and 113.5 MLD water is being treated and
    supplied to the city. The design and construction of the
    plant is conventional one and comprises of various units
    such as aeration fountain, flash mixer, clariflocculator,
    rapid sand filters, chemical house, and clear water sump
    and pump house.

    Keywords- Performance Evaluation, Water Treatment Plant

     

    Study of water treatment plant is carried out with all


    aspects and considerations including; engineering, physical,
    chemical & bacteriological to determine its efficiency and to
    produce water quality [7]. This study will define design and
    operating problems and difficulties of the case study that will
    allow for proper revision of these aspects to redefine and
    suggest recommendations for proper operations. The findings
    of work may be applicable for other WTP either under design
    or operation.(1)

    Population of the city in the year 1994 and


    2009 is 18.50 lakhs and 30 lakhs respectively. Water
    requirement in the year 2010 for the city. @ 130 LPCD
    will be 338 MLD. To meet out the additional water
    demand. Govt. of Maharashtra has sanctioned a water
    supply scheme. "Pench Phase-II" costing Rs. 3209
    Lakhs. The scheme was sanctioned on 9th June 1989, and
    is being executed through Maharashtra Water Supply
    and Sewerage Board, Nagpur,

    Samples were collected from intake and from all


    WTPs units of Gorewada Pench Phase-II plant & analysis
    were carried out in the Environmental Engineering
    laboratory of G. H. Raisoni College of Engineering, Nagpur
    and Water Quality Lab. Level-II. Hydrology Project
    Division, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India. Analysis were
    conducted for chemical, physical, bacteriological analysis.
    All experiments were done and results were determined in
    accordance to the Standard Methods of American Water
    Works Association (AWWA) manual, 21st Edition (2009) [1]
    & CPHEEO manuals [4].
    978-0-7695-4246-1/10 $26.00 2010 IEEE
    DOI 10.1109/ICETET.2010.89

    Water treatment plant-145 MLD capacity at


    Gorewada was constructed under Pench Phase-II scheme
    as an augmentation to 113.5 MLD capacity existing
    plant at Gorewada. Hence Gorewada will be the biggest
    centre of water treatment for Nagpur city, as 75% of
    total requirement of water will be treated and supplied to
    the city from these plants. Construction work started in
    August 1990 and completed in March 1993, the main
    components of the plants are aeration fountain, flash
    57

    Prechlorination
    A prechlorination dose of about 1 to 1.2 mg/lit
    along with 5 to 20 mg/lit Poly Aluminum Chloride
    (coagulant) dose are added at the distribution chamber
    inside the treatment plant and directly prior to
    coagulation process. The flash mixer is 5.70m diameter
    and 4.0m deep with one mechanical impeller for better
    mixing of 145MLD capacity. The motor of 15 HP has
    been provided with 700 rpm. This process is done in
    rainy season only.

    mixer, Clariflocculators, R. S. Filters, pure water sump and


    pump house.
    PROCESS DESCRIPTION
    Figure 1 shows the general layout of the WTP, which
    consists of collection works, treatment and storage facilities.
    The following gives a brief description of all WTP units
    components facilities [1].

    Intake

    The main source of supply to WTP Gorewada Pench


    Phase-II is Pench Right bank canal. This is having water
    from Pench Lake sufficient capacity and perennial nature.
    The capacity of canal is 200 cusecs. Then water is collected
    in a tank and it pumps in Gorewada Lake to increase its level
    and after that by gravity flow water comes to WTP. The
    Gorewada dam is an earthen dam. The raw water samples
    were collected and analyzed for physico-chemical and
    bacteriological quality [7].

    Clariflocculator
    Three Clariflocculator tanks are used. The
    coagulated water enters at bottom of flocculator. The
    flocculator has a diameter of 19.0m while the clarifier
    has a diameter of 47.30m and depth 3.55m. Along the
    periphery of tank the V-notch channel has been
    provided for reducing surface loading. Desludging are
    done ones in a day at least 5 min so that the sludge
    material comes out and when clear water start then
    close the value as per enquiry.

    Raw water Sump and Pump House


    The sump and pump house has been constructed near to
    the Pench Right bank canal. The water is first collected by
    intake structure and sump in R.C.C. tank the size of tank is
    31.25m x 17.60m and 19.00m x 62.40m and the capacity of
    sump 4650 m3 and the pump to Break Presser Tank located
    at a distance 5.65 km by three centrifugal pump (3 no. + 2
    no. stand by total pump 5 no.) having a discharge of each
    pump is 860 lit/sec. and the B.H.P. of each pump 503 & total
    head is 32.00m. The diameter of pipe is 1626 mm (O.D.) M.
    S. Pipe, Thickness 12 mm guiniting in C.M. 1:3 from out
    side and lining in C.M. 1:1 from inside. Then the water
    transfer from B.P.T. to Gorewada tank by gravity main
    having diameter of pipe is 1500 mm (I.D.) P.S.C. type & the
    length is 400 m. Then this water transfer from Gorewada
    lack to WTP Gorewada Pench Phase-II again by gravity
    main having size of pipe is 1100mm diameter of length
    650m and 1000mm diameter of length 330m i.e. total length
    from Gorewada lack to plant is 980m.

    Rapid Sand Filters


    Twelve filters are used, flow through it is about
    140 lit/sec. Surface area of each is 100 m2. The rate of
    filtrations was found to be about 6 m3/m2/hr, while
    standard is to be about 4.8 to 6.0 m3/m2/hr. Sand
    analysis was conducted on sand samples and it was
    found that the effective size of the sand is in a range of
    1.2 to 1.5 mm, where the standard is 0.45 to 0.55 mm.
    This shows that sand used inside filters is coarse. Also,
    uniformity coefficient was found to be 1.025, where
    standard is 1.3 to 1.7. This also proves that sand used
    is coarse.
    Sump and Pump House
    The filtered water collected in sump of capacity
    6657 m3, there are two compartments of a size of 40 x
    41 x 3.5m and 4 x 40 x 5.9m. The post-chlorination
    were conducted in sump with the help of 3 nos. of post
    chlorinators. The does of chlorine is generally 1.5 ppm
    (range 1.2 to 3 ppm) and the pump house of size 40 x
    12 m. five nos. of 650 BHP pump are used for
    pumping the pure water.

    LABORATORY ANALYSIS

    Table: Laboratory analysis & comparison of raw water, WTP treated water & Permissible Limits.
    Observations

    Permissible Limits
    (BIS Standard/CPEEO)

    Particulars

    Remark

    Before Treatment

    After Treatment

    Desirable

    Permissible

    pH

    6.52 to 8.10

    7.25 to 8.50

    6.5 to 8.5

    6.5 to 8.5

    Within the limit

    Turbidity

    6.6 to 56.6 NTU

    3.0 to 5.6 NTU

    5 NTU max

    10 NTU max

    Within the limit

    Dissolved Oxygen

    6.3 to 7.59 mg/lit

    6.7 to 8.4 mg/lit

    9.2 mg/lit

    5.0 mg/lit

    Moderate

    Total Solids.

    69-188 mg/lit

    15 to 60 mg/lit

    ---

    ---

    Suspended Solids

    8-40 mg/lit

    5 to 10 mg/lit

    ---

    ----

    Total coliform

    5400 MPN/100ml

    7.8 MPN/100ml

    10No/100ml max

    10No/100ml max

    Faecal coliform

    1100 MPN/100ml.

    2 MPN/100ml.

    Absent

    Absent

    58

    Chlorine dose should


    be increase.

    OBSERVATION AT WATER TREATMENT PLANT

    REFERENCES

    A thick scum layer is accumulated at the bottom of the


    coagulation tanks.

    1) M. A. Eldib and Mahmoud A. Azeem


    ElbayoumyEvaluation Of A Water Treatment Plant
    Performance Case Study in Seventh International
    Water Technology Conference (IWTC-7) held in
    Egypt 1-3 April 2003.p.p. 471-478.

    Dose of coagulant are decided arbitrarily on the basis of


    turbidity. If the raw water has turbidity more than 40 50
    NTU then only coagulant are used. Coagulants are not
    added regularly in raw water.

    2) Sujit Kumar Bhattacharya & Ratan Kishore


    Choudhary Performance of Engineering Parameter
    of a water Treatment Plant A Case Study paper
    published in 28th WEDC conference on Sustainable
    Environment Sanitation and Water Survices at
    Kolkata (Culcutta), India, 2002.

    In the flash mixer motor is not in working condition and


    hence operation of uniform mixing is hampered.
    Occasionally buoying up of floc in the day time was
    observed.

    3) Dhaneshwar R. S., Sharma V.P., Raut T., Gupta R.


    K., Kelkar P.S. and Paramasivam R Performance
    Evaluation of Five Urban Water Treatment Plants in
    Utter Pradesh paper published in Indian Water
    Works Association Journal, edition-Jan-March,
    1991.p.p. 23-30

    The sludge from the clariflocculator is discharged into a


    nalla in a nearby area.
    The scraping of sludge is not done due to which lot of
    sludge is accumulated at bottom.
    It is observed that the water from aeration unit directly
    goes to pure water sump.

    4)

    Sometime the water in clarifier is over discharged.

    CPHEEO Manual on Water Supply and Treatment Third


    Edition published by Ministry of Urban

    5)

    www.iwwa.info/index.htm

    6)

    www.tsawatersystems.in/index.asp

    CONCLUSIONS

    7)

    www.iwtc.info/2003_pdf/07-5.pdf

    The overall performance of Water Treatment Plant


    is found to be satisfactory with the scope for improvement in
    following aspects.

    8)

    www.oregon.gov/DHS/ph/dwp/swt.shtml

    9)

    www.deq.state.or.us/WQ/dwp/links.htm

    Some leakages are found in aeration channel &


    clariflocculator channel that should be closed
    immediately.

    Rapid sand filters sand should be according to standards.

    Rapid sand filters, sand should be replaced every year.

    Continuous maintenance and analysis will lead to


    precise evaluation of plant performance and definition of
    any required modifications.

    The flash mixer is not found in working condition this is


    necessary to repair and keep in working.

    The coagulation does should be added properly to


    reduce turbidity and solids.

    59

    60

    Pench Canal

    C.R. Masonary
    canal Trough

    Raw Water
    Pump House

    Gorewada Lake

    Gravity main
    1200mm ms
    pipe 0.98 km long
    Q=115mld

    RCC Breck presser of


    12m Tank Capacity
    57000lit

    Gravity main to
    Gorewada Tank

    Raising Main of Raw


    Water Pump to BPT
    60 or 1624mm ms
    pipe 5.7km long

    Cascad
    Areator

    Clariflocculator-3

    Flash
    Mixer

    Clariflocculator-1

    Gravity main to
    plant 480 ms
    pipe 1.84km long
    Q=25mld

    Figure (1) General Layout of WTP Gorwada Pench Phase-II

    Capacity 80ml size


    40x40x5m

    Raw Water sump


    & Pump House

    Raw Water
    40 x 20 x 5 m

    Clariflocculator-2

    Rapid Sand Filter

    Chlorination

    Clear Water Sump


    cap 4.75ml
    size 30 x 40 x 4m

    Pump House

    To ELR

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