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    Embankments On Soft Soils

    Uploaded by

    Adrian Liviu Bugea
    The document discusses ground improvement techniques for embankments constructed on soft clay foundations. It analyzes a site with a 12m thick soft clay layer requiring stabilization. Micro-piles made of compacted dry quicklime were chosen for improvement. Calculations determined the piles should be 15cm diameter, 12m deep, in successive intercalary rows spaced 1m apart. A reduced scale soil model reinforced with quicklime micro-piles showed settlement would be roughly halved with improvement. Numerical modeling calculated complete 80% consolidation would occur within 3 months using this solution.

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    Embankments On Soft Soils

    Uploaded by

    Adrian Liviu Bugea
    95 views8 pages
    The document discusses ground improvement techniques for embankments constructed on soft clay foundations. It analyzes a site with a 12m thick soft clay layer requiring stabilization. Micro-piles made of compacted dry quicklime were chosen for improvement. Calculations determined the piles should be 15cm diameter, 12m deep, in successive intercalary rows spaced 1m apart. A reduced scale soil model reinforced with quicklime micro-piles showed settlement would be roughly halved with improvement. Numerical modeling calculated complete 80% consolidation would occur within 3 months using this solution.

    Original Description:

    Geotechnical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Soft Soils

    Original Title

    Embankments on Soft Soils

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    The document discusses ground improvement techniques for embankments constructed on soft clay foundations. It analyzes a site with a 12m thick soft clay layer requiring stabilization. Micro-piles made of compacted dry quicklime were chosen for improvement. Calculations determined the piles should be 15cm diameter, 12m deep, in successive intercalary rows spaced 1m apart. A reduced scale soil model reinforced with quicklime micro-piles showed settlement would be roughly halved with improvement. Numerical modeling calculated complete 80% consolidation would occur within 3 months using this solution.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    95 views8 pages

    Embankments On Soft Soils

    Uploaded by

    Adrian Liviu Bugea
    The document discusses ground improvement techniques for embankments constructed on soft clay foundations. It analyzes a site with a 12m thick soft clay layer requiring stabilization. Micro-piles made of compacted dry quicklime were chosen for improvement. Calculations determined the piles should be 15cm diameter, 12m deep, in successive intercalary rows spaced 1m apart. A reduced scale soil model reinforced with quicklime micro-piles showed settlement would be roughly halved with improvement. Numerical modeling calculated complete 80% consolidation would occur within 3 months using this solution.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF CIVIL

    ENGINEERING BUCHAREST
    FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING IN FOREIGN LANGUAGES

    Embankments constructed on
    soft foundation soils
    Students
    tefan Mihai
    Paiu Alexandru
    Tutor
    Sef.
    Sef. Lucrari Ing.
    Ing. Andrei Constantin Olteanu

    Location of the area of interest


    at national and county level

    Two road sectors of


    10 km respectively
    5 km in length

    Stratification of subgrade soil

    12m thick soft clay


    layer resting on sand

    oedometer modulus
    M2-3=20003000kPa

    moisture content
    w=23.60%

    consolidation coefficient
    cv=0.057mm2/s

    Settlement of the road structure before


    ground improvement

    The diagram clearly shows the presence of


    high differential settlement

    Ground investigation
    Undisturbed Soil Sampling

    Schematic drawing of an
    open-tube sampler
    Diagram of sampling operations

    Improvement techniques

    VIBROVIBRO-COMPACTION : VibroVibro-compaction cannot be employed

    effectively where the fines content (silt and clay) exceeds about
    about 20
    percent.

    DYNAMIC COMPACTION:
    COMPACTION: Dynamic compaction is not effective in soft

    alluvial or marine clays

    TOTAL DISPLACEMENT:
    DISPLACEMENT: This solution, tough usable, was rejected as
    being totally unpractical from cost and duration considerations
    VERTICAL DRAINS: This solution was taken into consideration
    LIME COLUMNS (SWEDISH METHOD): This method was examined to
    understand case history experience of lime usage in soft soil improvement
    improvement

    We chose the solution micromicro-piles made of


    compacted dry quicklime

    Settlement diagram of improved soil


    After ground improvement
    the settlement values are
    roughly reduced by half

    Reduced scale model

    Reduced scale model of the soil


    Natural soil sample
    enforced with micro-piles made of lime
    An identical natural soil sample was
    The natural soil sample was taken enforced with micro-piles made of
    from the site and it was placed in a
    compressed quicklime powder.
    10x10x10 box.
    -

    Same material was used as in the


    case of the real solution.

    The model is a reduced scale


    representation of a section on the
    entire width of the subgrade soil (12m
    real = 10cm model).

    The dimensions and positioning of the


    micro-piles were computed based on
    the above considerations.

    Theoretical support

    Numerical solution
    2u
    1
    =
    ( u i 1, j + u i +1 , j 2 u i , j )
    t 2
    ( z )2

    u i , j +1 = u i , j +

    cv t
    (u i 1, j + u i +1, j 2u i , j )
    (z ) 2

    Depth-time grid

    Vertical drains
    Tv

    cv t
    d

    Tr

    ch t
    2

    4R

    time factor for consolidation due to


    vertical drainage only

    time factor for consolidation due to


    radial drainage only

    c.v

    Cylindrical blocks

    Solution for radial consolidation

    Computation of soil improvement solution


    1
    0

    2
    0

    6
    0

    7
    0

    8
    0

    9
    0

    10
    0

    11
    0

    12
    0

    13
    0

    14
    0

    15
    0

    16
    0

    17
    0

    18
    0

    19
    0

    20
    0

    15

    7.8

    6.6

    5.976

    5.4288

    5.04288

    4.71226

    4.44768

    4.21886

    4.02436

    3.85332

    3.70303

    3.56872

    3.44823

    3.33908

    3.23973

    3.14873

    3.06502

    2.98765

    15

    15

    12.6

    11.64

    10.584

    9.8928

    9.2592

    8.76307

    8.32332

    7.95148

    7.62112

    7.33092

    7.07029

    6.83622

    6.62358

    6.42979

    6.25196

    6.08817

    5.93661

    5.79571

    15

    15

    15

    14.04

    13.464

    12.7728

    12.2352

    11.7145

    11.2694

    10.8582

    10.4924

    10.1569

    9.85237

    9.57211

    9.31446

    9.07593

    8.85472

    8.64872

    8.45595

    15

    15

    15

    15

    14.616

    14.3088

    13.9094

    13.5531

    13.1875

    12.8503

    12.525

    12.2215

    11.9338

    11.6639

    11.409

    11.1691

    10.9425

    10.7273

    10.5229

    10.328

    15

    15

    15

    15

    15

    14.8464

    14.6928

    14.4778

    14.2627

    14.0292

    13.7989

    13.5668

    13.3404

    13.1185

    12.9037

    12.6957

    12.4924

    12.2949

    12.1026

    11.9155

    15

    15

    15

    15

    15

    15

    14.9386

    14.8648

    14.7542

    14.6323

    14.4926

    14.346

    14.1922

    14.0361

    13.8784

    13.714

    13.5486

    13.3817

    13.2146

    13.0476

    15

    15

    15

    15

    15

    15

    15

    14.9754

    14.941

    14.886

    14.8199

    14.7407

    14.6537

    14.5596

    14.4421

    14.3188

    14.1875

    14.0508

    13.9092

    13.7636

    15

    15

    15

    15

    15

    15

    15

    15

    14.9902

    14.9744

    14.9493

    14.9178

    14.8798

    14.7894

    14.6975

    14.5953

    14.4847

    14.3658

    14.2398

    14.1075

    15

    15

    15

    15

    15

    15

    15

    15

    15

    14.9961

    14.989

    14.9769

    14.9606

    14.9399

    14.8963

    14.8464

    14.784

    14.7125

    14.6314

    14.5418

    15

    15

    15

    15

    15

    15

    15

    15

    15

    15

    14.9984

    14.9953

    14.9896

    14.9814

    14.9704

    14.9414

    14.9045

    14.8564

    14.7991

    15

    15

    15

    15

    15

    15

    15

    15

    15

    15

    15

    14.9994

    14.998

    14.9953

    14.972

    14.9442

    14.9048

    14.857

    14.7991

    14.7321

    15

    15

    15

    15

    15

    15

    15

    15

    15

    15

    15

    15

    14.9997

    14.9511

    14.9041

    14.8486

    14.7855

    14.7129

    14.6317

    14.5419

    15

    15

    360
    A
    (kPa)

    3
    0

    348
    Uvt
    (-)

    180
    180
    174
    170.4
    167.28
    164.64
    162.25
    160.078
    158.061
    156.176
    154.397
    152.711
    151.106
    149.574
    148.012
    146.46
    144.918
    143.381
    141.845
    140.308
    138.769

    15
    0

    340.8

    Tv
    (-)
    0
    0
    0.03333
    0.05333
    0.07067
    0.08533
    0.09861
    0.11068
    0.12188
    0.13236
    0.14224
    0.15161
    0.16052
    0.16904
    0.17771
    0.18633
    0.1949
    0.20344
    0.21197
    0.22051
    0.22906

    4
    0

    15
    0

    334.56

    Tr
    0
    0.00625
    0.0125
    0.01875
    0.02499
    0.03124
    0.03749
    0.04374
    0.04999
    0.05624
    0.06248
    0.06873
    0.07498
    0.08123
    0.08748
    0.09373
    0.09997
    0.10622
    0.11247
    0.11872
    0.12497

    5
    0

    15
    0

    329.28

    15
    0

    324.499

    15
    0

    320.156

    15
    0

    316.122

    15
    0

    312.352

    15
    0

    308.794

    15
    0

    305.422

    15
    0

    302.211

    14.8798
    0

    299.147

    14.7894
    0

    296.024

    14.6975
    0

    292.919

    14.5953
    0

    289.836

    14.4847
    0

    286.762

    14.3658
    0

    283.69

    0.66795

    Conclusions

    14.732

    14.2398
    0

    Uvt
    0.27

    8.275

    The solution that was chose was that of quicklime micromicro-piles


    bored beneath the road embankment.
    The calculus provided the following dimensions for the chosen
    solution:
    solution:
    Compacted dry quicklime injected into boreholes will be used for the
    micromicro-pilots;
    The micromicro-pilots will have the following geometry:
    15 cm diameter and 12 m depth (the bottom of the clay layer)
    The positioning is of successive intercalary rows of piles
    The spacing between piles is equal to the spacing between piles on a
    row, 1 m.
    For this geometry, placing and composition of the ground
    improvement solution, complete consolidation of the soil (80%
    )
    (80%)
    should take place within approximately 3 months.
    months.

    280.616

    14.1075
    0

    277.537

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