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    Unit 29 Three-Phase Transformers

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    Edward Yanez
    Three-phase transformers are constructed by winding three single-phase transformers on a single core and connecting them in either a wye or delta configuration. A transformer bank is formed by connecting two or three single-phase transformers together to deliver three-phase power, allowing for greater maintenance options. The primary and secondary sides can each be connected in a wye or delta configuration, resulting in four basic connection types: wye-wye, delta-delta, wye-delta, and delta-wye. Harmonics are voltages or currents that operate at multiples of the fundamental power frequency and can be reduced through techniques like balancing phase currents, adding filters, avoiding shared neutrals, and installing larger neutrals.

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    Unit 29 Three-Phase Transformers

    Uploaded by

    Edward Yanez
    82 views6 pages
    Three-phase transformers are constructed by winding three single-phase transformers on a single core and connecting them in either a wye or delta configuration. A transformer bank is formed by connecting two or three single-phase transformers together to deliver three-phase power, allowing for greater maintenance options. The primary and secondary sides can each be connected in a wye or delta configuration, resulting in four basic connection types: wye-wye, delta-delta, wye-delta, and delta-wye. Harmonics are voltages or currents that operate at multiples of the fundamental power frequency and can be reduced through techniques like balancing phase currents, adding filters, avoiding shared neutrals, and installing larger neutrals.

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    Three-phase transformers are constructed by winding three single-phase transformers on a single core and connecting them in either a wye or delta configuration. A transformer bank is formed by connecting two or three single-phase transformers together to deliver three-phase power, allowing for greater maintenance options. The primary and secondary sides can each be connected in a wye or delta configuration, resulting in four basic connection types: wye-wye, delta-delta, wye-delta, and delta-wye. Harmonics are voltages or currents that operate at multiples of the fundamental power frequency and can be reduced through techniques like balancing phase currents, adding filters, avoiding shared neutrals, and installing larger neutrals.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    82 views6 pages

    Unit 29 Three-Phase Transformers

    Uploaded by

    Edward Yanez
    Three-phase transformers are constructed by winding three single-phase transformers on a single core and connecting them in either a wye or delta configuration. A transformer bank is formed by connecting two or three single-phase transformers together to deliver three-phase power, allowing for greater maintenance options. The primary and secondary sides can each be connected in a wye or delta configuration, resulting in four basic connection types: wye-wye, delta-delta, wye-delta, and delta-wye. Harmonics are voltages or currents that operate at multiples of the fundamental power frequency and can be reduced through techniques like balancing phase currents, adding filters, avoiding shared neutrals, and installing larger neutrals.

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    Unit 29 Three-Phase Transformers

    Unit 29
    Three-Phase Transformers

    Construction

    Unit 29 Three-Phase Transformers

    A three-phase transformer is constructed by


    winding three single-phase transformers on a
    single core.
    Three-phase transformers are connected in
    either wye or delta configurations.

    Unit 29 Three-Phase Transformers

    Objectives:

    Discuss the construction of three-phase


    transformers.
    Discuss the formation of a three-phase
    transformer bank.
    Discuss primary and secondary connections.

    Three-phase transformer construction.

    Unit 29 Three-Phase Transformers

    Unit 29 Three-Phase Transformers

    Objectives:

    Discuss different types of three-phase transformer


    connections.
    Show one-line diagram schematics.
    Discuss power quality issues relating to harmonics.
    Identify harmonic characteristics.
    Discuss solutions to power quality problems
    associated with harmonics.

    Three-phase transformer (Courtesy of Waukesha Electric Systems).

    Unit 29 Three-Phase Transformers

    Unit 29 Three-Phase Transformers

    Transformer Bank

    Two or three single-phase transformers can


    be connected together to deliver three-phase
    power. This is referred to as a transformer
    bank.
    This allows greater maintenance and
    replacement options.

    Wye-delta three-phase connection


    schematic.

    Unit 29 Three-Phase Transformers

    Unit 29 Three-Phase Transformers

    Primary and Secondary Connections

    The primary (input) side of a three-phase


    transformer can be connected in a wye or
    delta configuration.
    The secondary (output) side of a three-phase
    transformer can also be connected in a wye or
    delta configuration.

    Delta-wye three-phase connection schematic.

    Unit 29 Three-Phase Transformers

    Unit 29 Three-Phase Transformers

    Primary and Secondary Connections


    This allows four basic connection patterns:

    Wye-Wye

    Delta-Delta

    Wye-Delta

    Delta-Wye

    Winding identification.

    Unit 29 Three-Phase Transformers

    Transformer bank without connections.

    Unit 29 Three-Phase Transformers

    Transformer bank connected wye-delta.

    Unit 29 Three-Phase Transformers

    Unit 29 Three-Phase Transformers

    Industrial one-line power distribution schematic.

    Unit 29 Three-Phase Transformers

    Safety test prior to closing the delta connection.

    Unit 29 Three-Phase Transformers

    One-line Diagram
    One-line diagrams are simplified schematics
    used to show the main power distribution
    systems for commercial or industrial settings.

    Example #1 schematic with all values.

    Unit 29 Three-Phase Transformers

    Unit 29 Three-Phase Transformers


    Pulse Mode Power Supplies
    Many power supplies for computers and office
    machines use pulse-width modulation. This
    can contribute to harmonic and power quality
    problems.

    Example #2 schematic with all values.

    Unit 29 Three-Phase Transformers

    Unit 29 Three-Phase Transformers

    Harmonics
    Harmonics are voltages or currents that
    operate at frequencies that are multiples of
    the fundamental power frequency. The
    fundamental frequency is usually 50 or 60
    Hz.

    Pulse-width modulation schematic.

    Unit 29 Three-Phase Transformers

    Unit 29 Three-Phase Transformers


    Harmonic Reduction
    1. Reduce the neutral current in three-phase
    systems by balancing the currents in the
    phase legs.
    2. Reduce triplen harmonics on the neutral by
    adding filters.

    Sine wave distortion caused by harmonics.

    Unit 29 Three-Phase Transformers


    Harmonic Reduction
    3. Avoid shared neutrals and provide a
    separate neutral for each phase conductor.
    4. Install larger neutrals, especially on
    multiphase circuits using a common neutral.

    Unit 29 Three-Phase Transformers

    Unit 29 Three-Phase Transformers


    Review:
    3. It is common practice to center-tap one of the
    transformers in a delta connection to provide
    power for single-phase loads. When this is
    done, the remaining phase connection
    becomes a high leg.

    Unit 29 Three-Phase Transformers


    Review:

    Harmonic Reduction
    5. Derate the load capacity of transformers and
    consider buying harmonic-rated
    transformers.

    Unit 29 Three-Phase Transformers

    4. The center connection of a wye is often


    tapped to provide a neutral conductor for
    three-phase loads. This produces a threephase four-wire system. Common voltages
    produced by this type of connection are
    208/120 and 80/277.

    Unit 29 Three-Phase Transformers

    Review:

    Review:

    1. Three-phase transformers are constructed by


    winding three separate transformers on the
    same core material.
    2. Single-phase transformers can be used as a
    three-phase transformer bank by connecting
    their primary and secondary windings as either
    wyes or deltas.

    5. Harmonics are generally caused by loads that


    pulse the powerline.
    6. Harmonic distortion on a single-phase line is
    often caused by computer power supplies,
    copy machines, fax machines, and light
    dimmers.

    Unit 29 Three-Phase Transformers


    Review:
    7. Harmonic distortion on three-phase power
    lines is generally caused by variable frequency
    drives and electronic DC drives.
    8. Triplen harmonics generally cause
    overheating of the neutral conductor on threephase four-wire systems.

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