UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA

Final Examination
Academic Session 2007/2008
April 2008

JIM 104 Introduction To Statistics

[Pengantar Statistik]
Duration : 3 hours
[Masa: 3 jam]

Please ensure that this examination paper contains TWENTY SEVEN printed pages
before you begin the examination.
Answer ALL questions. You may answer either in Bahasa Malaysia or in English.
Read the instructions carefully before answering.
Each question is worth 100 marks.

[Sila pastikan bahawa kertas peperiksaan ini mengandungi DUA PULUH TUJUH muka
surat yang bercetak sebelum anda memulakan peperiksaan ini.
Jawab SEMUA soalan. Anda dibenarkan menjawab sama ada dalam Bahasa Malaysia
atau Bahasa Inggeris.
Baca arahan dengan teliti sebelum anda menjawab soalan.
Setiap soalan diperuntukkan 100 markah.]

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(a)

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Twelve batteries were tested to see how many hours they would last. The
frequency distribution is given below:

Hours

Frequency

13
46
79
10 12
13 15

1
4
5
1
1

Find the
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)

mean
median
mode
standard deviation.
(40 marks)

(b)

The number of trips made by each of six managers is shown below:

2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9.
(i)
(ii)

What value corresponds to the 30th percentile?

Construct a box plot and comment on the nature of the distribution.
(20 marks)

(c)

The average delivery charge for a refrigerator is RM32. The standard

deviation is RM4. Find the minimum percentage of data values that will fall
in the range of RM20 to RM44. Use Chebychevs theorem.
(40 marks)

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2.

(a)

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At a large factory, the employees were surveyed and classified according to

their level of education and smoking habit. The data are shown in the table.
Smoking habit
Smoking
Non-smoking

Not High School

Graduate
6
18

Educational Level
High School
Graduate
14
7

College
Graduate
19
25

If an employee is selected at random, find these probabilities.

(b)

(i)

The employee smokes, given that he or she graduated from college.

(ii)

Given that the employee did not graduate from high school, he or she is
a smoker.
(40 marks)

An automobile license plate consists of 3 letters followed by 4 digits. How

many different plates can be made if
(i)

repetitions are allowed?

(ii)

repetitions are allowed in the letters but not in the digits?

(40 marks)

3.

(c)

In a survey, 58% adults said they had never heard of the internet. If 20 adults
are selected at random, find the probability that exactly 12 will say they never
heard of the internet.
(20 marks)

(a)

A recent study indicated that 29% of the 100 women over age 55 in the study
were widows.
(i)

How large a sample must one take to be 90% confident that the estimate
is within 0.05 of the true propotion of women over age 55 who are
widows?

(ii)

If no estimate of the sample proportion is available, how large should the

sample be?
(50 marks)

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-4(b)

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A random sample of 49 shoppers showed that they spend an average of

RM23.45 per visit at a popular bookstore. The standard deviation of the
sample was RM2.80.
(i)

Find a point estimate of the population mean.

(ii)

Find the 90% confidence interval of the true mean.

(50 marks)

4.

(a)

A radio manufacturer claims that 65% of teenagers 13 to 16 years old have

their own portable radios. A researcher wishes to test the claim and selects a
random sample of 80 teenagers. She finds that 57 have their own portable
radios. At = 0.05, should the claim be rejected? Use the P-value method.
(50 marks)

(b)

A film editor feels that the standard deviation for the number of minutes in a
video is 3.4 minutes. A sample of 24 videos has a standard deviation of 4.2
minutes. At = 0.05, is the sample standard deviation different from what the
editor hypothesized?
(50 marks)

5.

(a)

Let X be a discrete random variable with

f(x) = k(x2 + 1), x = 1, 2, 3, 4.
(i)

Find k.

(ii)

Find E(X) and V(X).

(iii) If a random sample of size 25 is taken with replacement from this

population, find P ( X > 3.2 ) .
(50 marks)

(b)

Let X be the lifespaus of a battery that is normally distributed with mean and
variance 2. Given that 99.38% of them have lifespans more than 1000 hours
and 99.72% less than 3000 hours, determine and .
(50 marks)

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-51.

(a)

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Dua belas bateri diuji untuk melihat sejauh mana (jam) bateri tersebut
bertahan. Taburan frekuensinya diberikan seperti berikut:

Jam

Frekuensi

13
46
79
10 12
13 15

1
4
5
1
1

Cari
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)

min
median
mod
sisihan piawai.
(40 markah)

(b)

Bilangan perjalanan yang dibuat oleh enam pengurus ialah seperti berikut:
2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9.
(i)
(ii)

Nilai apakah yang bersamaan dengan persentil ke-30?

Binakan plot kotak dan berikan komen terhadap jenis taburannya.
(20 markah)

(c)

Purata caj penghantaran untuk sebuah peti ais ialah RM32. Sisihan piawainya
RM4. Cari peratusan minimum untuk nilai data yang jatuh di dalam julat
RM20 ke RM44. Gunakan teorem Chebychev.
(40 markah)

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(a)

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Di sebuah kilang yang besar, pekerjanya ditinjau dan dikelaskan mengikut

paras pendidikan dan tabiat merokok. Datanya adalah seperti dijadual berikut:
Tabiat
merokok
Merokok
Tidak Merokok

Paras Pendidikan
Bukan Graduan
Graduan Sekolah
Sekolah Menengah
Menengah
6
14
18
7

Graduan
Kolej
19
25

Jika seorang pekerja dipilih secara rawak, dapatkan kebarangkalian berikut:

(b)

(i)

Pekerja itu merokok, diberi beliau seorang graduan kolej.

(ii)

Diberi pekerja itu seorang yang bukan graduan sekolah menengah,

beliau ialah seorang perokok.
(40 markah)

Sekeping plat lesen kereta mengandungi 3 huruf diikuti dengan 4 digit.

Berapa banyakkah plat berlainan yang boleh dibuat jika
(i)

ulangan dibenarkan?

(ii)

ulangan dibenarkan untuk huruf tetapi tidak untuk digit?

(40 markah)

3.

(c)

Di dalam satu tinjauan, 58% orang dewasa mengatakan mereka tidak pernah
mendengar tentang internet. Jika 20 orang dewasa dipilih secara rawak,
dapatkan kebarangkalian tepat 12 orang akan mengatakan bahawa mereka
tidak pernah mendengar tentang internet.
(20 markah)

(a)

Satu kajian terbaharu menunjukkan 29% daripada 100 wanita yang berumur
lebih daripada 55 tahun di dalam kajian itu adalah balu.
(i)

Berapa besarkah saiz sampel yang mesti diambil untuk mendapat 90%
keyakinan bahawa anggaran itu berselisih dengan kadar sebenar di
dalam lingkungan 0.05 untuk balu yang berumur lebih daripada 55
tahun?

(ii)

Jika anggaran sampel untuk kadar tidak dapat diperolehi, berapa

besarkah saiznya yang patut diambil?
(50 markah)
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-7(b)

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Satu sampel rawak seramai 49 pembeli menunjukkan bahawa secara purata

mereka berbelanja sebanyak RM23.45 setiap kunjungan ke kedai buku yang
popular. Sisihan piawai sampel ialah RM2.80.
(i)

Cari anggaran titik untuk min populasi.

(ii)

Cari 90% selang keyakinan untuk min sebenar.

(50 markah)

4.

(a)

Seorang pengusaha radio menuntut bahawa 65% daripada kanak-kanak

belasan tahun di antara 13 hingga 16 tahun mempunyai radio mudahalih
tersendiri. Seorang penyelidik ingin menguji tuntutan tersebut dan memilih
satu sampel rawak seramai 80 orang kanak-kanak belasan tahun. Dia
mendapati 57 daripada mereka memiliki radio mudahalih tersendiri. Pada
= 0.05, patutkah tuntutan itu ditolak. Gunakan kaedah nilai-P.
(50 markah)

(b)

Seorang editor filem merasakan bahawa sisihan piawai untuk bilangan minit
di dalam sebuah video ialah 3.4 minit. Satu sampel sebanyak 24 buah video
mempunyai sisihan piawai sebanyak 4.2 minit. Pada = 0.05, adalah sisihan
piawai sampel ini berbeza daripada apa yang dihipotesiskan oleh editor itu?
(50 markah)

5.

(a)

Andai X pembolehubah diskret dengan

f(x) = k(x2 + 1), x = 1, 2, 3, 4
(i)

Cari k.

(ii)

Cari E(X) dan V(X).

(iii) Jika satu sampel rawak bersaiz 25 diambil dengan penggantian daripada
populasi ini, cari P ( X > 3.2 ) .
(50 markah)

(b)

Andai X masa hayat sebiji bateri yang bertaburan normal dengan min dan
varians 2. Diberi 99.38% masa hayat bateri ini lebih daripada 1000 jam dan
99.72% kurang daripada 3000 jam, tentukan dan .
(50 markah)

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Important Formulas
Chapter 3 Data Description
Mean for individual data: X =
Mean for grouped data: X =

n
f Xm
n

Standard deviation for a sample:

s=

2
( X ) n

n 1

Standard deviation for grouped data:

2
( f X m ) n

s=
n 1
range
Range rule of thumb: s
4
Median for grouped data:

f X

MD =

( n / 2 ) cf
f

2
m

( w ) + Lm

where
n = sum of frequencies
cf = cumulative frequency of class immediately preceding the median class
w = width of median class
f = frequency of median class
Lm = lower boundary of median class
Chapter 4 Probability of Counting Rules

Addition rule 1 (mutually exclusive events):

P ( A or B ) = P ( A ) + P ( B )

Addition rule 2 (events not mutually exclusive):

P ( A or B ) = P ( A ) + P ( B ) P ( A and B )

Multiplication rule 1 (independent events):

P ( A and B ) = P ( A ) P ( B )
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Multiplication rule 2 (dependent events):

P ( A and B ) = P ( A ) P ( B A )

Conditional probability: P ( B A) =

P ( A and B )
P ( A)

Complementary events: P ( E ) = 1 P ( E )
Fundamental counting rule: Total number of outcomes of a sequence when each event
has a different number of possibilities: k1 k2 k3 L kn
Permutation rule: Number of permutations of n objects taking r at a time is
n!
n Pr =
( n r )!
Combination rule: Number of combinations of r objects selected from n objects is
n!
n Cr =
( n r ) !r !
Chapter 5 Discrete Probability Distributions

Mean for a probability distribution: = X P ( X )

Variance and standard deviation for a probability distribution:

2 = X 2 P ( X ) 2

2 =

P ( X ) 2

Expectation: E ( X ) = X P ( X )
Binomial probability: P ( X ) =

n!
p X q n X
( n X )! X !

Mean for binomial distribution: = n p

Variance and standard deviation for the binomial distribution:
2 = n pq
= n pq

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Multinomial probability:
P(X ) =

n!
p1X1 p2X 2 p3X 3 L pkX k
X 1 ! X 2 ! X 3 !L X k !

Poisson probability: P ( X ; ) =

e X
where X = 0, 1, 2, ...
X!

Hypergeometric probability: P ( X ) =

C X b Cn X
a + b Cn

Chapter 6 The Normal Distribution

Standard score: z =

or

XX
s

Mean of sample means: X =

Standard error of the mean: X =

Central limit theorem formula: z =

n
X

Chapter 7 Confidence Intervals and Sample Size

z confidence interval for means:

X z / 2
< < X + z / 2

n
n

t confidence interval for means:

s
s
X t / 2
< < X + t / 2

n
n
z
Sample size for means: n = / 2
E
Confidence interval for a proportion:

p ( z / 2 )

where E is the maximum error of estimate

pq
p q
< p < p + ( z / 2 )
n
n

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- 11 z
/2
Sample size for a proportion: n = pq
E
X
where p =
and q = 1 p
n

[JIM 104]

Confidence interval for variance:

( n 1) s 2

< 2 <

2
right

( n 1) s 2
2
left

Confidence interval for standard deviation:

( n 1) s 2
2
right

< <

( n 1) s 2
2
left

Chapter 8 Hypothesis Testing

z test : z =

z=

t test : t =

X
s

X
s

for any value n. If n < 30, population must be normally distributed.

for unknown and n 30

for n < 30 (d.f. = n 1)

z test for proportions: z =

p p
pq n

Chi-square test for a single variance: =

2

( n 1) s 2
2

(d.f. = n 1)

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- oooOooo
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