Wqqweqeqeqeqwe: Love (Disambiguation)

wqqweqeqeqeqwehis article is about the general concept of "love".
For other uses, see Love

(disambiguation).
Archetypal lovers Romeo and Julietportrayed by Frank Dicksee

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Love is a variety of different feelings, states, and attitudes that ranges from interpersonal affection ("I
love my mother") to pleasure ("I loved that meal"). It can refer to an emotion of a
strong attraction and personal attachment.[1] It can also be a virtue representing
humankindness, compassion, and affection"the unselfish loyal and benevolent concern for the
good of another".[2] It may also describe compassionate and affectionate actions towards other
humans, one's self or animals.[3]
Non-Western traditions have also distinguished variants or symbioses of these states.[4] This diversity
of uses and meanings combined with the complexity of the feelings involved makes love unusually
difficult to consistently define, compared to other emotional states.
Love in its various forms acts as a major facilitator of interpersonal relationships and, owing to its
central psychological importance, is one of the most common themes in the creative arts.[5]
Love may be understood as a function to keep human beings together against menaces and
to facilitate the continuation of the species.[6]
Contents
[hide]
1 Definitions
2 Impersonal love
3 Interpersonal love
o
3.1 Biological basis
3.2 Psychological basis
3.3 Evolutionary basis
3.4 Comparison of scientific models
4 Cultural views
o
4.1 Ancient Greek
4.2 Ancient Roman (Latin)
4.3 Chinese and other Sinic cultures
4.4 Persian
4.5 Japanese
4.6 Turkish (Shaman and Islamic)
5 Religious views
5.1 Abrahamic religions
5.1.1 Christianity
5.1.2 Judaism
5.1.3 Islam
5.1.4 Bah' Faith

5.2 Eastern religions
5.2.1 Buddhism
5.2.2 Hinduism
6 Political views
o
6.1 Free love
7 Philosophical views
8 See also
9 References
10 Sources
11 Further reading
12 External links
Definitions
Part of a series on
Love
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Cultural views[show]
Related[show]
The word "love" can have a variety of related but distinct meanings in different contexts. Many other
languages use multiple words to express some of the different concepts that in English are denoted
as "love"; one example is the plurality of Greek words for "love"which includes agape and eros.
[7]
Cultural differences in conceptualizing love thus doubly impede the establishment of a universal
definition.[8]
Although the nature or essence of love is a subject of frequent debate, different aspects of the word
can be clarified by determining what isn't love (antonyms of "love"). Love as a general expression of
positive sentiment (a stronger form of like) is commonly contrasted with hate (or neutral apathy); as
a less sexual and more emotionally intimate form of romantic attachment, love is commonly
contrasted with lust; and as an interpersonal relationship with romantic overtones, love is sometimes
contrasted withfriendship, although the word love is often applied to close friendships. (Further
possible ambiguities come with usages "girlfriend", "boyfriend", "just good friends").
Fraternal love (Prehispanic sculpture from 250900 AD, of Huastecorigin). Museum of

Anthropology inXalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
Abstractly discussed love usually refers to an experience one person feels for another. Love often
involves caring for or identifying with a person or thing (cf. vulnerability and care theory of love),
including oneself (cf. narcissism). In addition to cross-cultural differences in understanding love,
ideas about love have also changed greatly over time. Some historians date modern conceptions of
romantic love to courtly Europe during or after the Middle Ages, although the prior existence of
romantic attachments is attested by ancient love poetry.[9]
The complex and abstract nature of love often reduces discourse of love to a thought-terminating
clich. Several common proverbsregard love, from Virgil's "Love conquers all" to The Beatles' "All
You Need Is Love". St. Thomas Aquinas, following Aristotle, defines love as "to will the good of
another."[10] Bertrand Russell describes love as a condition of "absolute value," as opposed to relative
value.[citation needed] Philosopher Gottfried Leibniz said that love is "to be delighted by the happiness of
another."[11] Meher Baba stated that in love there is a "feeling of unity" and an "active appreciation of
the intrinsic worth of the object of love."[12] Biologist Jeremy Griffithdefines love as "unconditional
selflessness".[13]
Impersonal love
A person can be said to love an object, principle, or goal to which they are deeply committed and
greatly value. For example, compassionate outreach and volunteer workers' "love" of their cause
may sometimes be born not of interpersonal love but impersonal love, altruism, and strong spiritual
or political convictions.[14] People can also "love" material objects, animals, or activities if they invest
themselves in bonding or otherwise identifying with those things. If sexual passion is also involved,
then this feeling is calledparaphilia.[15]
Interpersonal love
Interpersonal love refers to love between human beings. It is a much more potent sentiment than a
simple liking for another. Unrequited love refers to those feelings of love that are not reciprocated.
Interpersonal love is most closely associated with interpersonal relationships.[14] Such love might
exist between family members, friends, and couples. There are also a number of psychological
disorders related to love, such as erotomania.
Pair of Lovers. 14801485
Throughout history, philosophy and religion have done the most speculation on the phenomenon of
love. In the 20th century, the science ofpsychology has written a great deal on the subject. In recent
years, the sciences of psychology, anthropology, neuroscience, and biology have added to the
understanding of the nature and function of love.
Biological basis
Main article: Biological basis of love
Biological models of sex tend to view love as a mammalian drive, much like hunger or thirst.[16] Helen
Fisher, a leading expert in the topic of love, divides the experience of love into three partly
overlapping stages: lust, attraction, and attachment. Lust is the feeling of sexual desire; romantic
attraction determines what partners mates find attractive and pursue, conserving time and energy by
choosing; and attachment involves sharing a home, parental duties, mutual defense, and in humans
involves feelings of safety and security.[17] Three distinct neural circuitries, including
neurotransmitters, and three behavioral patterns, are associated with these three romantic styles. [17]
Lust is the initial passionate sexual desire that promotes mating, and involves the increased release
of chemicals such as testosterone andestrogen. These effects rarely last more than a few weeks or
months. Attraction is the more individualized and romantic desire for a specific candidate for mating,
which develops out of lust as commitment to an individual mate forms. Recent studies
in neuroscience have indicated that as people fall in love, the brain consistently releases a certain
set of chemicals, including the neurotransmitter hormones, dopamine, norepinephrine,
and serotonin, the same compounds released by amphetamine, stimulating the brain's pleasure
center and leading to side effects such as increased heart rate, loss of appetite and sleep, and
an intense feeling of excitement. Research has indicated that this stage generally lasts from one and
a half to three years.[18]
Since the lust and attraction stages are both considered temporary, a third stage is needed to
account for long-term relationships. Attachment is the bonding that promotes relationships lasting for
many years and even decades. Attachment is generally based on commitments such
as marriage and children, or on mutual friendship based on things like shared interests. It has been
linked to higher levels of the chemicals oxytocin and vasopressin to a greater degree than short-term
relationships have.[18] Enzo Emanuele and coworkers reported the protein molecule known as
the nerve growth factor (NGF) has high levels when people first fall in love, but these return to
previous levels after one year.[19]
Psychological basis

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wqqweqeqeqeqwehis article is about the general concept of "love".

For other uses, see Love

Archetypal lovers Romeo and Julietportrayed by Frank Dicksee

3.1 Biological basis

3.2 Psychological basis

3.3 Evolutionary basis

3.4 Comparison of scientific models

4.1 Ancient Greek

4.2 Ancient Roman (Latin)

4.3 Chinese and other Sinic cultures

4.6 Turkish (Shaman and Islamic)

5.1.4 Bah' Faith

6.1 Free love

Fraternal love (Prehispanic sculpture from 250900 AD, of Huastecorigin). Museum of

Pair of Lovers. 14801485

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