Problem 51: Thermal FSI analysis of a pipe

Problem description
Consider a copper pipe containing water. Initially the water is at rest and the temperature of
the pipe and water is 20o C. At the start of the analysis, water at 90o C flows into the pipe with
a pressure drop of 60 Pa.
Inlet, prescribed normal-traction = 60 Pa,
prescribed temperature = 90o C,
prescribed turbulence variables
Water in pipe, k-e model used,
m =4.7 10-4 N-s/m2
r = 980 kg/m3
k = 0.65 W/m-oC
cp = 4200 J/kg-oC

CL

Copper pipe,
E = 1.11011 Pa
n = 0.3

100

r = 8900 kg/m3

a = 1.710-3 / C
k = 390 W/m-oC
cp = 380 J/kg-oC
Convection boundary:
h = 10 W/m2-oC
qenv = 20o C

Initial temperature = 20o C

All lengths in mm
10

We want to compute the stresses in the pipe.

The analysis is considered to be transient in the fluid and heat transfer analysis, but static in
the stress analysis.

ADINA R & D, Inc.

51-1

Problem 51: Thermal FSI analysis of a pipe

We will solve the problem using two analysis techniques:

TFSI (thermal FSI), with temperature coupling between the fluid and the solid.
BTFSI (thermal FSI, with boundary coupling), with temperature coupling at the fluidstructure interface.
Here are diagrams schematically showing these analysis techniques:
TFSI:

Fluid
element
group
m, r, k, cp

Solid
element
group
in
ADINA
CFD

Solid
element
group
in
ADINA
structures

r, k, cp

E, n, a

FSI
boundary
condition

BTFSI:

Fluid
element
group

Solid
element
group

m, r, k, cp

E, n, a
r, k, cp

FSI
boundary
condition

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ADINA Primer

Problem 51: Thermal FSI analysis of a pipe

Notice that in TFSI analysis, the fluid and structure are fully coupled. The fluid model
computes all of the heat transfer. The fluid model passes to the solid model the pressures on
the interface, and also the temperatures within the solid. The solid model passes to the fluid
model the displacements on the interface.
The element layout in the solid region of the fluid model can in general be different than the
element layout in the solid model.
In BTFSI analysis, one-way coupling is used. The fluid model passes to the solid model the
pressures and temperatures on the interface. The solid model computes the heat transfer
within the solid.
In this problem solution, we will demonstrate the following topics that have not been
presented in previous problems:
$ Performing a TFSI analysis (full coupling)
$ Performing a BTFSI analysis (one-way coupling)
Before you begin
Please refer to the Icon Locator Tables chapter of the Primer for the locations of all of the
AUI icons. Please refer to the Hints chapter of the Primer for useful hints.
This problem cannot be solved with the 900 nodes version of the ADINA System because the
900 nodes version of the ADINA System does not contain ADINA-FSI.
Much of the input for this problem is stored in the following files: prob51_1.in, prob51_2.in.
You need to copy these files from the folder samples\primer into a working directory or folder
before beginning this analysis.
Invoking the AUI and choosing the finite element program
Invoke the AUI and choose ADINA CFD from the Program Module drop-down list.

TFSI analysis
Model definition - fluid model
We have prepared a batch file (prob51_1.in) that defines the geometry of the entire model, as
well as most of the fluid model:
Transient analysis, FCBI-C elements, turbulence analysis, FSI analysis, iteration
tolerances.

ADINA R & D, Inc.

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Problem 51: Thermal FSI analysis of a pipe

Geometry points, lines, surfaces.

Material models for fluid model, and for "solid" region within fluid model.
Boundary conditions.
Initial conditions for the temperature.
Time steps, time functions and inlet boundary conditions. Twenty time steps of size 0.1
are used. The turbulence load is defined in terms of a velocity of 1.0 m/s and a length of
0.02 m (the pipe diameter). The normal traction load of 60 Pa is chosen so that the
computed fluid velocity is on the order of 1 m/s.
Element groups and meshing.
Choose FileOpen Batch, navigate to the working directory or folder, select the file
prob51_1.in and click Open. The graphics window should look something like this:
TIME 2.000
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PRESCRIBED
TEMPERATURE

TIME 2.000

90.00
PRESCRIBED
NORMAL_TRACTION
PRESCRIBED
TURBULENCE_K

TIME 2.000
60.00

TIME 2.000
0.0009375

PRESCRIBED
TURBULENCE
EPSILON
TIME 2.000
0.004784

V V
B
C
D

B
C
D

WAL FSI

CNV

3
-

2
-

Thermal FSI: Choose ModelFlow Assumptions, set "Thermal Coupling" to "Whole Solid
Domain" and click OK.

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ADINA Primer

Problem 51: Thermal FSI analysis of a pipe

Generating the ADINA CFD data file

Click the Save icon
icon

and save the database to file prob51_f. Click the Data File/Solution

, set the file name to prob51_f, uncheck the Run Solution button and click Save.

Model definition - solid model

We have prepared a batch file (prob51_2.in) that defines the solid model:
New database.
Current FE program set to ADINA Structures.
FSI analysis
Geometry points, lines, surfaces. The same geometry is used for the fluid and solid
models.
Boundary conditions.
Initial conditions for the temperature. Note that the initial conditions for the temperature
must be specified both in the fluid model and in the solid model.
Material model. An elastic material with coefficient of thermal expansion is used.
Element group and meshing. In this case, the same element layout is used in the solid
region of the fluid model, and for the solid model. But 4-node elements are used in the
solid region of the fluid model, and 9-node elements are used in the solid model.
Dat file prob51_a.dat
Notice that there is no time stepping information defined in the solid model.
Choose FileOpen Batch, navigate to the working directory or folder, select the file
prob51_2.in and click Open. The graphics window should look something like the figure on
the next page.

ADINA R & D, Inc.

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Problem 51: Thermal FSI analysis of a pipe

Z

TIME 1.000
B
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U U
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Choose FileSave As and save the database to file prob51_a.

Running ADINA-FSI
Choose SolutionRun ADINA-FSI, click the Start button, select file prob51_f, then hold
down the Ctrl key and select file prob51_a. The File name field should display both file
names in quotes. Then click Start.
ADINA-FSI runs for 20 time steps. When ADINA-FSI is finished, close all open dialog
boxes, and set the Program Module to Post-Processing (you can discard all changes). Now
click the Open icon

and open porthole file prob51_f.

Post-processing - fluid model

Click the Quick Vector Plot icon
and click the Group Outline icon
window should look something like the top figure on the next page.

. The graphics

The velocity is comparable to the velocity used in the turbulence load specifications.

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ADINA Primer

Problem 51: Thermal FSI analysis of a pipe

TIME 2.000

Z
X

VELOCITY
TIME 2.000
0.9608

0.9450
0.8750
0.8050
0.7350
0.6650
0.5950
0.5250

Now click the Clear Vector Plot icon

, click the Create Band Plot icon
, set the Band
Plot Variable to (Temperature:TEMPERATURE) and click OK. The graphics window should
look something like this:
TIME 2.000

Z
X

TEMPERATURE
TIME 2.000
89.70
89.10
88.50
87.90
87.30
86.70
86.10

MAXIMUM
90.00
NODE 143
MINIMUM
85.60
NODE 1412

ADINA R & D, Inc.

51-7

Problem 51: Thermal FSI analysis of a pipe

Since the temperatures are all near 90o, the bands do not show lower temperatures. Click the
Modify Band Plot icon
, click the Band Table ... button, set the Minimum to 20 and click
OK twice to close both dialog boxes. The graphics window should look something like this:
TIME 2.000

Z
X

TEMPERATURE
TIME 2.000
85.00
75.00
65.00
55.00
45.00
35.00
25.00
MAXIMUM
90.00
NODE 143
MINIMUM
85.60
NODE 1412

Now click the First Solution icon

figure on the next page.

. The graphics window should look something like the

repeatedly, you should see the temperature increase

As you click the Next Solution icon
rapidly in the water in the pipe, and more slowly in the pipe wall. You also should notice the
pipe wall moving outwards.

51-8

ADINA Primer

Problem 51: Thermal FSI analysis of a pipe

Z

TIME 0.1000

TEMPERATURE
TIME 0.1000
85.00
75.00
65.00
55.00
45.00
35.00
25.00

MAXIMUM
90.00
NODE 6
MINIMUM
20.00
NODE 1412

Post-processing - solid model

Click the New icon

(you can discard all changes), then click the Open icon

porthole file prob51_a. Then click the First Solution icon

and open

, click the Create Band Plot

icon
, set the Band Plot Variable to (Temperature:ELEMENT_TEMPERATURE) and
click OK. The graphics window should look something like the top figure on the next page.
When you click the Next Solution icon
in the pipe wall.

several times, you can see the temperature rising

, click the Modify Band Plot icon

, set the variable
Now click the First Solution icon
to (Strain:THERMAL_STRAIN) and click OK. Unfortunately the range of the band table is
not reset. Click the Modify Band Plot icon
, click the Band Table ... button, set the
Minimum and Maximum to Automatic and click OK twice to close both dialog boxes. The
graphics window should look something like the bottom figure on the next page.

ADINA R & D, Inc.

51-9

Problem 51: Thermal FSI analysis of a pipe

TIME 0.1000

ELEMENT
TEMPERATURE
RST CALC
TIME 0.1000
85.00
75.00
65.00
55.00
45.00
35.00
25.00
MAXIMUM
89.38
EG 1, EL 3, IPT 13 (76.93)
MINIMUM
20.00
EG 1, EL 298, IPT 31

TIME 0.1000

THERMAL_STRAIN
RST CALC
TIME 0.1000
0.1040
0.0880
0.0720
0.0560
0.0400
0.0240
0.0080

MAXIMUM
0.1180
EG 1, EL 3, IPT 13 (0.09682)
MINIMUM
1.827E-10
EG 1, EL 298, IPT 31 (1.837E-10)

Note that the maximum thermal strain of 0.1180 is very close to the value obtained from the
formula ( 0 ) = 1.7 10 3 (90 20) = 0.119 .

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ADINA Primer

Problem 51: Thermal FSI analysis of a pipe

As you click the Next Solution icon

increasing in the pipe wall.
Now click the First Solution icon
Band Plot icon

repeatedly, you should see the thermal strain

, click the Clear Band Plot icon

and the Quick

. The graphics window should look something like this:

Z

TIME 0.1000

EFFECTIVE
STRESS
RST CALC
TIME 0.1000
1.040E+10
8.800E+09
7.200E+09
5.600E+09
4.000E+09
2.400E+09
8.000E+08
MAXIMUM
1.132E+10
EG 1, EL 3, IPT 13 (8.749E+09)
MINIMUM
1.645E+07
EG 1, EL 54, IPT 12 (2.059E+07)

Again, you can click the Next Solution icon

you click the Last Solution icon
figure on the next page.

ADINA R & D, Inc.

repeatedly to see the stress response. When

, the graphics window should look something like the

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Problem 51: Thermal FSI analysis of a pipe

TIME 2.000

Z
X

EFFECTIVE
STRESS
RST CALC
TIME 2.000
1.040E+10
8.800E+09
7.200E+09
5.600E+09
4.000E+09
2.400E+09
8.000E+08
MAXIMUM
1.278E+10
EG 1, EL 255, IPT 12
MINIMUM
1.270E+10
EG 1, EL 247, IPT 31

BTFSI analysis
Model definition - fluid model

We will use the TFSI fluid model as the basis of the BTFSI fluid model.
Set the Program Module to ADINA CFD (you can discard all changes) and choose database
file prob51_f.idb from the recent file list near the bottom of the File menu.
Heading: Choose ControlHeading, set the Heading to "Primer problem 51: Thermal FSI
analysis of a pipe - BTFSI - fluid model" and click OK.
Thermal FSI: Choose ModelFlow Assumptions, set "Thermal Coupling" to "Boundary,
with Temperature Applied to Solid" and click OK.
Removing the solid element group: In the BTFSI fluid model, we don't need to model the pipe

wall in the fluid model. Click the Define Element Groups icon
OK. Click the Special Boundary Conditions icon
OK. After you click the Redraw icon
the figure on the next page.

51-12

, delete group 2 and click

, delete boundary condition 3 and click

, the graphics window should look something like

ADINA Primer

Problem 51: Thermal FSI analysis of a pipe

Z

TIME 2.000

V V
B
C

WAL FSI
B
C

2
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X
PRESCRIBED
NORMAL_TRACTION

PRESCRIBED
TURBULENCE_K

TIME 2.000

TIME 2.000

60.00

PRESCRIBED
TURBULENCE
EPSILON
TIME 2.000
0.004784

0.0009375

PRESCRIBED
TEMPERATURE
TIME 2.000
90.00

Choose FileSave As and save the database to file prob51b_f. Click the Data File/Solution
icon

, set the file name to prob51b_f, uncheck the Run Solution button and click Save.

Model definition - solid model

We will use the TFSI solid model as the basis of the BTFSI solid model.
Choose database file prob51_a.idb from the recent file list near the bottom of the File menu
(you can discard all changes).
Heading: Choose ControlHeading, set the Heading to "Primer problem 51: Thermal FSI
analysis of a pipe - BTFSI - solid model" and click OK.
Thermal analysis: Choose ControlTMC Model, set the "Type of Solution" to "TMC
Iterative Coupling", then click the ... button to the right of that field. Set the "Analysis Type"
to "Transient" and click OK twice to close both dialog boxes.
Time stepping: Choose ControlTime Step, set the first row of the table to 20, 0.1, then click
OK.
TMC material: Click the Manage Materials icon
, then click the TMC Material button.
Click the "k isotropic, c constant" button and add material 1. Set the Thermal Conductivity to
386, the Heat Capacity/Mass to 380, the Density to 8900 and click OK, then click Close twice

ADINA R & D, Inc.

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Problem 51: Thermal FSI analysis of a pipe

to close all dialog boxes.

Convection boundary condition: Click the Apply Load icon
, set the Load Type to
Convection and click the Define... button. Add convection load 1 and click the ... button to
the right of the Convection Property field. Add convection property 1, set the Convection
Coefficient to 10 and click OK. Then, in the Define Convection Load dialog box, set the
Environment Temperature to 20, set the Convection Property to 1 and click OK. In the Apply
Load dialog box, set the "Apply to" field to Line, set the Line Number to 5 in the first row of
the table and click OK.

After you click the Redraw icon

, the graphics window should look something like this:

Z

TIME 2.000
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B

PRESCRIBED
CONVECTION
TEMPERATURE
TIME 2.000
20.00

B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B

Click the Save icon

icon

51-14

U U
2 3
-

to save the database to file prob51_a. Click the Data File/Solution

, set the file name to prob51b_a, uncheck the Run Solution button and click Save.

ADINA Primer

Problem 51: Thermal FSI analysis of a pipe

Running ADINA-FSI

Choose SolutionRun ADINA-FSI, click the Start button, select file prob51b_f, then hold
down the Ctrl key and select file prob51b_a. The File name field should display both file
names in quotes. Set the "Run" field to "Fluid Only", then click Start.
After the ADINA-FSI run finishes (in 20 steps), close all open dialog boxes, choose
SolutionRun ADINA-FSI, click the Start button, select file prob51b_f, then hold down
the Ctrl key and select file prob51b_a. The File name field should display both file names in
quotes. Set the "Run" field to "Structure Only", then click Start.
When ADINA-FSI is finished, close all open dialog boxes, and set the Program Module to
Post-Processing (you can discard all changes). Now click the Open icon
porthole file prob51b_f.
and click the Group Outline icon
Click the Quick Vector Plot icon
window should look something like this:
TIME 2.000

and open

. The graphics

Z
X

VELOCITY
TIME 2.000
1.031

0.980
0.910
0.840
0.770
0.700
0.630
0.560

The velocity is almost the same as in the TFSI analysis.

ADINA R & D, Inc.

51-15

Problem 51: Thermal FSI analysis of a pipe

Now click the Clear Vector Plot icon

, click the First Solution icon

, click the Create

, set the Band Plot Variable to (Temperature:TEMPERATURE) and click

Band Plot icon
OK. The graphics window should look something like this:
TIME 0.1000

Z
X

TEMPERATURE
TIME 0.1000
85.00
75.00
65.00
55.00
45.00
35.00
25.00

MAXIMUM
90.00
NODE 7
MINIMUM
20.00
NODE 1101

The pipe wall boundary now acts as an insulated boundary (zero heat flow through the
boundary).
repeatedly, you should see the temperature increase
As you click the Next Solution icon
rapidly in the water in the pipe. The temperature rises more slowly at the pipe wall boundary
because the fluid moves more slowly there. You will also notice that the fluid domain does
not change.
Post-processing - solid model

Click the New icon

(you can discard all changes and continue), then click the Open icon

and open porthole file prob51b_a. Then click the First Solution icon

, click the

, set the Band Plot Variable to (Temperature:

Create Band Plot icon
ELEMENT_TEMPERATURE) and click OK. The graphics window should look something
like the figure on the next page.

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ADINA Primer

Problem 51: Thermal FSI analysis of a pipe

TIME 0.1000

Z
X

ELEMENT
TEMPERATURE
RST CALC
TIME 0.1000
81.00
72.00
63.00
54.00
45.00
36.00
27.00

MAXIMUM
86.87
EG 1, EL 3, IPT 13 (83.57)
MINIMUM
20.00
EG 1, EL 298, IPT 31

several times, you can see the temperature rising

When you click the Next Solution icon
in the pipe wall. The temperature solution looks very similar to that from the TFSI analysis.
Now click the First Solution icon

, click the Clear Band Plot icon

, click the Create

, set the variable to (Strain:THERMAL_STRAIN) and click OK. The

Band Plot icon
graphics window should look something like the top figure on the next page.
Again the thermal strain is very similar to the thermal strain from the TFSI analysis.
Now click the First Solution icon
Band Plot icon
the next page.

, click the Clear Band Plot icon

and click the Quick

. The graphics window should look something like the bottom figure on

Again the effective stress is very similar to that from the TFSI analysis.

ADINA R & D, Inc.

51-17

Problem 51: Thermal FSI analysis of a pipe

TIME 0.1000

Z
X

THERMAL_STRAIN
RST CALC
TIME 0.1000
0.1040
0.0880
0.0720
0.0560
0.0400
0.0240
0.0080

MAXIMUM
0.1137
EG 1, EL 3, IPT 13 (0.1081)
MINIMUM
1.167E-08
EG 1, EL 298, IPT 31 (1.171E-08)

TIME 0.1000

EFFECTIVE
STRESS
RST CALC
TIME 0.1000
7.000E+09
6.000E+09
5.000E+09
4.000E+09
3.000E+09
2.000E+09
1.000E+09

MAXIMUM
7.406E+09
EG 1, EL 3, IPT 13 (6.715E+09)
MINIMUM
2.952E+08
EG 1, EL 45, IPT 11 (2.914E+08)

51-18

ADINA Primer

Problem 51: Thermal FSI analysis of a pipe

When you click the Last Solution icon

this:

, the graphics window should look something like

TIME 2.000

EFFECTIVE
STRESS
RST CALC
TIME 2.000
7.000E+09
6.000E+09
5.000E+09
4.000E+09
3.000E+09
2.000E+09
1.000E+09

MAXIMUM
1.309E+10
EG 1, EL 33, IPT 12
MINIMUM
1.309E+10
EG 1, EL 28, IPT 31

Exiting the AUI: Choose FileExit to exit the AUI. You can discard all changes.

ADINA R & D, Inc.

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Problem 51: Thermal FSI analysis of a pipe

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ADINA Primer