2015 Marty Hall
Java: Introduction
and Overview
Originals of slides and source code for examples: http://courses.coreservlets.com/Course-Materials/java.html
Also see Java 8 tutorial: http://www.coreservlets.com/java-8-tutorial/ and many other Java EE tutorials: http://www.coreservlets.com/
Customized Java training courses (onsite or at public venues): http://courses.coreservlets.com/java-training.html
Customized Java EE Training: http://courses.coreservlets.com/
Java 7, Java 8, JSF 2, PrimeFaces, Android, JSP, Ajax, jQuery, Spring MVC, RESTful Web Services, GWT, Hadoop.
Developed and taught by well-known author and developer. At public venues or onsite at your location.
2015 Marty Hall
For customized Java-related training at
your organization, email hall@coreservlets.com
Marty is also available for consulting and development support
Taught by lead author of Core Servlets & JSP, co-author of
Core JSF (4th Ed), & this tutorial. Available at public venues, or
customized versions can be held on-site at your organization.
Courses developed and taught by Marty Hall
JSF 2.2, PrimeFaces, servlets/JSP, Ajax, JavaScript, jQuery, Android, Java 7 or 8 programming, GWT, custom mix of topics
CoursesCustomized
available in any state
or country.
Maryland/DC area
companies can also choose afternoon/evening courses.
Java
EE Training:
http://courses.coreservlets.com/
Courses
and taught Android,
by coreservlets.com
expertsSpring
(editedMVC,
by Marty)
Java
7, Java developed
8, JSF 2, PrimeFaces,
JSP, Ajax, jQuery,
RESTful Web Services, GWT, Hadoop.
Spring MVC, Core Spring, Hibernate/JPA, Hadoop, HTML5, RESTful Web Services
Developed and taught by well-known
and developer. At for
public
venues or onsite at your location.
Contactauthor
hall@coreservlets.com
details
Topics in This Section
Truths / Myths About Java
Java is Web-enabled?
Java is safe?
Java is cross-platform?
Java is simple?
Java is powerful?
Java is popular?
Java versions and application areas
Standard edition
Enterprise edition
Micro edition (and Android Edition)
2015 Marty Hall
Overview of the Java
Language
Customized Java EE Training: http://courses.coreservlets.com/
Java 7, Java 8, JSF 2, PrimeFaces, Android, JSP, Ajax, jQuery, Spring MVC, RESTful Web Services, GWT, Hadoop.
Developed and taught by well-known author and developer. At public venues or onsite at your location.
Java is Web-Enabled?
Truth: Web browsers can run Java applets
The Web can be used for software delivery and execution,
not just document delivery and display
No more installation or updates; just a bookmark
Large, complex applets best suited for intranets. Fits the
APL model better than the WWW at large.
Truth: Javas network library is easy to use
Ordinary mortals can do socket programming
Standard distributed object protocol and DBMS API
Hubble Space Telescope Monitoring:
NASA Goddards Most Successful SW Project Ever.
Java is Web-Enabled?
Myth: Java is only for the Web
Java applets run in Web pages
Java applications run stand-alone
Current usage (roughly)
Client (applet): 5%
Desktop (application): 10%
Mobile (Android/Blackberry): 25%
Server (JSF/servlets/JSP/Hadoop): 60%
Strike Coordination Planner
(APL/PPSD)
[Unclassified]
Java is Safe?
Dilbert copyright United Media. Used with permission.
JAVA: Just Another Virus Architecture?
Java is Safe?
Truth: Restrictions on permissible
operations can be enforced
No raw memory manipulation (directly or indirectly).
Thus, it is easy to identify prohibited operations.
Applets, by default, prohibited from:
Reading from the local disk
Writing to the local disk
Executing local programs
Opening network connections other than to the HTTP
server that the applet came from
Discovering private info about user (username, directories,
OS patch level, applications installed, etc.).
Java is Safe?
Myth: Applets cannot harm your computer
Denial of service
Browser misconfiguration
Implementation bugs
Myth: Java is too restricted to be useful
Restrictions apply only to applets, not regular Java
programs
Digital signatures support relaxed restrictions
Myth: Applets with digital signatures are no
more or less safe than ActiveX
Relaxed security in applets not all or nothing as in
ActiveX
Java is Cross-Platform?
Truth: Java programs can compile to
machine-independent bytecode
Java
Source Code
Compiler
(javac)
Java Bytecode
Compile Time
Java Bytecode
JIT Compiler
or Interpreter
Execution
Run Time
Truth: All major operating systems have
Java runtime environments
Most bundle it (Linux, Solaris, MacOS, Windows XP)
Mars Rover Controller
and Simulator
Java is Cross-Platform?
Myth: Safety and machine independence
can be achieved with no performance
penalty
Current systems are about 20% slower than C++
Upcoming releases claim to lower or eliminate that gap
I expect the gap to stay at 10% or more
Myth: Java is interpreted
Early releases were interpreted
Many major Just in Time (JIT) compilers
Java is Cross-Platform?
Myth: Write Once Run Anywhere
Cross-platform code can be achieved, but you must test
on all platforms you will deliver on.
Java apps can execute local code
The graphics library behaves
slightly differently on different platforms
The behavior of the thread scheduler
is only loosely defined
Myth: Java will kill Microsoft
There is also no longer immediate
danger of the reverse (Microsoft killing Java)
Microsoft wavered between trying to fight Java and
joining it and making money by dominating the market.
With .NET, they are back to fighting it again.
Java is Simple?
Truth: Java greatly simplifies several
language features
Java has automatic memory management
Does Windows and takes out the garbage
No dangling pointers. No memory leaks.
Java simplifies pointer handling
No explicit reference/dereference operations
No makefiles for simple applications
No header files
C++ syntax streamlined
C# is comparable to Java, at least as far as the core
language goes.
For a comparison of Java and C# syntax/constructs, see
http://www.harding.edu/fmccown/java1_5_csharp_comparison.html
Rapid Application Development
in Java
Information Retrieval for multigigabyte text corpus (APL RTDC)
Geoplot for distributed
simulation (APL STD)
Java is Simple?
Myth: Java programming is simple
Dilbert copyright United Media. Used with
permission.
Programming is always hard
Java is nothing like HTML;
only a little bit like JavaScript
Programmers typically push complexity envelope
Multithreaded and network programming
Star Office
MS Office Competitor Written in Java
Java is Powerful?
Truth: Java has a rich set of standard
libraries
Networking
Threads (lightweight processes)
Distributed objects
Database access
Graphics: GUI controls and drawing
Data structure library
Arbitrary precision integral and fixed-point arithmetic
Digital signatures
Serialization (transmitting/reassembling data structures)
File and stream compression
XML parsing
Web services
MEL - Master Environmental
Library (DMSO)
Java is Powerful?
Myth: Java will increase programmer
productivity for all applications by XXX%.
Myth: Java will kill C++
Myth: All software should be written in Java
Unix utilities: C
Desktop utilities: Python, Perl
Small/medium Windows-only programs: Visual Basic
String parsing: Perl
High-performance, single-platform OO systems: C++
Air traffic control, aircraft flight software: Ada
Knowledge-based systems: Lisp/CLOS
High-performance number crunching: FORTRAN
Java also a good alternative for many of these
Java and C++
Although Java will certainly not
kill off C++, Java and C++ do
compete for some of the same
territory.
Hmm, does The C++ Report think
that the way to keep your C++
code robust is to port it to Java?
Java is Popular?
This reflects job postings that contain the keyword in the title or keywords. Since value is in percent, the specific ups and downs
are not so relevant (perhaps there was an increase in teacher or construction jobs), but the relative values are instructive.
Java is Popular?
Data for US jobs from indeed.com as of November 2014, averaged over all states.
Java is Popular?
This reflects searches at Google
Java is Popular?
This reflects search engine hits on blah programming.
2015 Marty Hall
Major Java Editions
Customized Java EE Training: http://courses.coreservlets.com/
Java 7, Java 8, JSF 2, PrimeFaces, Android, JSP, Ajax, jQuery, Spring MVC, RESTful Web Services, GWT, Hadoop.
Developed and taught by well-known author and developer. At public venues or onsite at your location.
Standard Edition
Java SE
This is often what people mean when they say
Java or the Java programming language
Applications
Desktop programming
Applets, Java FX
Java WebStart
Big data apps
Base on which to build Web apps that are not full Java EE
Famous examples
Minecraft client
Eclipse, NetBeans, IntelliJ IDEA
Hadoop
Ant and ANTLR
GWT (Google Web Toolkit) and Laszlo
Enterprise Edition
Java EE (formerly J2EE)
This is Java running on app servers
Applications
JSF, PrimeFaces, servlets, JSP,
EJB, Spring, Hibernate
Famous examples
Google home page, gmail,
Google Maps, Google Docs
Ebay and PayPal
walmart.com, kmart.com, target.com, kohls.com, macys.com,
homedepot.com, ikea.com, llbean.com
travelocity.com, orbitz.com, hotwire.com, hotels.com
Baltimore Orioles, Baltimore Ravens,
Washington Nationals, Washington Redskins
Minecraft server
Micro Edition
(or Java SE for Phones)
Java ME
This is Java running on small devices
Applications
Cell phone apps, embedded apps,
printers, etc.
Famous examples
Blackberry
Android
This is really optimized
Java SE, not Java ME
Amazon Kindle
All Blu-Ray DVD players
Sony Ericson phones
EA Mobile
2015 Marty Hall
Wrap-Up
Customized Java EE Training: http://courses.coreservlets.com/
Java 7, Java 8, JSF 2, PrimeFaces, Android, JSP, Ajax, jQuery, Spring MVC, RESTful Web Services, GWT, Hadoop.
Developed and taught by well-known author and developer. At public venues or onsite at your location.
Summary
Java is a general purpose language
Supports standalone apps, browser-based applets, serverside programs, cell phones, and more
It is by far the most widely used language in the world
Java has a number of good features
But not better in every way than all other languages
Few of the technical features were new to Java
Reasons for using Java
Combination of technical features, widespread use,
available developers, tools, and libraries
But in most application areas, other languages are also
viable alternatives
2015 Marty Hall
Questions?
More info:
http://courses.coreservlets.com/Course-Materials/java.html General Java programming tutorial
http://www.coreservlets.com/java-8-tutorial/ Java 8 tutorial
http://courses.coreservlets.com/java-training.html Customized Java training courses, at public venues or onsite at your organization
http://coreservlets.com/ JSF 2, PrimeFaces, Java 7 or 8, Ajax, jQuery, Hadoop, RESTful Web Services, Android, HTML5, Spring, Hibernate, Servlets, JSP, GWT, and other Java EE training
Many additional free tutorials at coreservlets.com (JSF, Android, Ajax, Hadoop, and lots more)
Customized Java EE Training: http://courses.coreservlets.com/
Java 7, Java 8, JSF 2, PrimeFaces, Android, JSP, Ajax, jQuery, Spring MVC, RESTful Web Services, GWT, Hadoop.
Developed and taught by well-known author and developer. At public venues or onsite at your location.
