THE FIFTH

NATIONAL REPORT
to the

CONVENTION ON
BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY

REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES

2014

Author
This Report was prepared and edited by the Department of Environment and Natural ResourcesBiodiversity Management Bureau (formerly Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau) in partnership with
the Ateneo School of Government. This Report is based on data generated from the multi-stakeholder
national and regional consultations on the updating of the Philippine Biodiversity Strategy and Action
Plan, and various reports and documents from relevant projects and programs.

Acknowledgments:
Support for this Report was provided by the DENR-BMB, Foundation for the Philippine Environment
(FPE) and the Philippine Tropical Forest Conservation Foundation (PTFCF) Inc.
Photos appearing in this report are from the collection of DENR-BMB from the contribution of various
artists, private individuals, and visual presentations of projects from partner organizations. Other images
are from the collection of other national agencies and online galleries as indicated in the photo credits.
For more information, contact the DENR- BMB, Ninoy Aquino Parks and Wildlife Center, Quezon
Avenue, Diliman, Quezon City. Philippines
Tel No:
(63)2 9246031-35
Webpage: www.bmb.gov.ph
Email:
director@bmb.gov.ph

ii

The Fifth National Report to the

Convention on Biological Diversity

REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES

2014

iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS
List of Maps
List of Tables
List of Figures
List of Boxes
List of Acronyms
Executive Summary
Introduction

v
v
v
v
vi
1
3

Chapter 1 - Biodiversity Status, Trends,

and Threats and Implications for Human Well-being
1.1
Importance of Biodiversity 4
1.2
Status and Trends
8
1.2.1
Forest and mountain Biodiversity
8
1.2.2
Agricultural biodiversity or Agro biodiversity
14
1.2.3
Inland wetlands biodiversity
16
1.2.4
Urban Biodiversity
21
1.2.5
Coastal and marine biodiversity
22
1.3
Threats to biodiversity 23
1.4
Impacts of changes in biodiversity for ecosystem services and
24

socio-economic and cultural implications

Chapter 2 - Philippine Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan

(PBSAP): Implementation and Mainstreaming
2.1
The PBSAP and its Iterations
28

2.1.1 National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan, 1997 (1st PBSAP) 28

2.1.2 Philippine Biodiversity Conservation Priorities, 2002 (2nd PBSAP) 29

2.1.3 Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) - Terrestrial (2006) and Marine (2009) 29

2.1.4 Philippine Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan 2014-2025 30
(updated PBSAP)
2.2
Biodiversity Targets
34
2.3
Actions to implement and mainstream the PBSAP 34

2.3.1 National and Subnational Policies, Programs and Plans 36
2.3.2
Economic and Fiscal Incentives
38
2.3.3
Sector Policies, Programs and Plans
41
2.3.4
Governance
43

Chapter 3 - Progress towards the 2020 Aichi Biodiversity Targets and

Contribution to the 2015 Targets of the Millennium Development Goals

3.1
Progress towards the 2020 Aichi Biodiversity Targets
47
3.2
Contribution of Actions towards the 2015 Millennium Development Goals (MDG)
64
3.3
Lesson Learned 66

3.3.1 Highlights of accomplishments and challenges
66
3.3.2
Next Steps
67

References
Annexes
Annex 1
Annex 2
Annex 3
Annex 4
Annex 4a

Philippines Facts and Figures

Philippine Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan 2014-2025 (draft as of April 2014)
PBSAP 2014-2025: National Targets and Indicators (draft as of April 2014)
Matrix of Biodiversity-Related Programs/Projects/Activities (P/P/A)
Matrix of Select Biodiversity Management Programs/Projects/Activities
(P/P/A) Mobilized by NGOs and Private Sector

iv

LIST OF MAPS
1

The Philippine Archipelago

LIST OF TABLES
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18

Land classification, 2005-2012

Protected areas coverage, 2008 and 2013
Number of Threatened Wildlife Species, 2006-2013
Quantity and Value of Fish Production, by Type of Fishing Operation, 1996-2012
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD mg/L) for 19 priority rivers, 2003, 2005, 2009, 2012
Dissolved Oxygen (DO mg/L) for 19 priority rivers, 2003, 2005, 2009, 2012
Proclaimed critical habitats, 2007 to 2012
Management of the PBSAP updating
PBSAP stakeholder consultations
Entry points to mainstreaming the PBSAP into planning and development processes
IPAF collection from top-earning PAs
IPAF revenues as of December 2013
Financing mechanisms pilot-tested in specific PAs
List of classified caves, 2012 and 2014.
LCA approaches in pilot areas.
Protected area recognition awards
Confiscated Wildlife, 2009-2013
Wildlife confiscations and cases filed in court, 2009-2013

LIST OF FIGURES
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

Ecosystem services
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment conceptual framework of interaction
between biodiversity, ecosystem services, human well-being, and drivers of change
Strategic framework for ENR conservation, protection
and rehabilitation Chapter 10, PDP 2011-2016
Strategic framework for ENR sustainability and
climate-resiliency, updated PDP 2011-2016
Forest cover, 2003 and 2010( in hectares)
Reforested areas in hectares, 2005-2012
New species discoveries count, 2005-2012
New species discoveries, photos
Philippine eagle sightings in the wild, 2005-2013
Tamaraw population in Mts. Iglit-Baco National Park, 2000-2013
Performance of agriculture industry and subsectors, 2012 and 2013
PSBR Framework adopted in the updating of the PBSAP 2011-2020
PBSAP planning process
NBSAP Strategic Priorities, 1997 and 2002
Updated PBSAP Strategic Priorities, 2014-2025

LIST OF BOXES
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Hits and Misses in Protected Areas Management

A new legal weapon: the Writ of Kalikasan
National Invasive Alien Species Action Plan 2013-2020
Accomplished Goals and Next Steps in Ecotourism Strategy
Saving Biodiversity through Social Enterprises
A Mix of Tradition and Innovation:
Empowering Indigenous Cultural Communities in Fostering Conservation
Stopping Ivory Smuggling and the Cycle of Killing

LIST OF ACRONYMS
4NR
5NR
ADMU
ALOS-AVNIR
AO
ASEAN
AZE
BAI
BAS
BFAR
BioFin
BMB
BOD
BPI
BPP
BWISER
CBD
CCC
CEPA
CHM
CITES
CLUP
CoP
CSR
CTI
DA
DAO
DBM
DENR
DepEd
DFA
DMC
DO
DSWD
EAFM
EcoFish
ECC
EDC
EMB
ENR
ENRAP
FO
FAA
FAO
FASPO
FGDs
FMB
FPIC
FPAPG
GDP

Fourth National Report

Fifth National Report
Ateneo de Manila University
Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS)
Advanced Visible and Near Infrared Radiometer (AVNIR)Administrative Order
Association of Southeast Asian Nations
Alliance for Zero Extinction
Bureau of Animal Industry
Bureau of Agricultural Statistics
Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
Building Transformative Policy and Financing Frameworks to Increase
Investment in Biodiversity Management
Biodiversity Management Bureau
Biological Oxygen Demand
Bureau of Plant Industry
Biodiversity Partnerships Project
Biodiversity and Watersheds Improved for
Stronger Economy and Ecosystem Resilience
Convention on Biological Diversity
Climate Change Commission
Communication Education and Public awareness
Clearing-House Mechanism
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species
of Wild Fauna and Flora
Comprehensive Land Use Plans
Conference of Parties
Corporate Social Responsibility
Coral Triangle Initiative
Department of Agriculture
Department Administrative Order
Department of Budget Management
Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Department of Education
Department of Foreign Affairs
Department Memorandum Circular
Dissolved Oxygen
Department of Social Welfare and Development
Ecosystems-Based Approach Fisheries Management
Ecosystems Improved for Sustainable Fisheries Project
Environmental Compliance Certificate
Energy Development Corporation
Environmental Management Bureau
Environment and Natural Resources
Environment and Natural Resources Accounting Project
Executive Order
Foreign Assistance Act
Food and Agriculture Organization
Foreign Assisted and Special Projects Office
Focus Group Discussions
Forest Management Bureau
Free and Prior Informed Consent
Focal Point Agency
Gross Domestic Product

vi

GEF
GIZ
HLURB
IAS
IBAs
ICCAs
ICRM
ICRMP
IEC
IKSP
IP
IPAF
IPRA
IUCN
KBA
LCCAs
LGUs
LLDA
LPPCHEA
MDGs
MEAs
METT
MGB
MKBA
MPA
NAMRIA
NBSAP
NCCAP
NCIP
NEDA
NESS
NewCAPP
NESCC
NGO
NGP
NIPAS
NISSAP
NLUP
NSCB
PA
PAMB
PAME
PAO
PAR
PAWB
PBCP
PBSAP
PCSD
PCW
PDP
PEFI
PEPP
PES
PFS
PIC
POs
PNSDW
PPSRNP

Global Environment Facility

Gesellschaft fr Internationale Zusammenarbeit
Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board
Invasive Alien Species
Important Bird Areas
Indigenous Community Conservation Areas
Integrated Coastal Resource Management
Integrated Coastal Resources Management Project
Information, Education and Communication
Indigenous Knowledge, Systems and Practices
Indigenous People
Integrated Protected Areas Fund
Indigenous Peoples Rights Act
International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
Key Biodiversity Area
Local Community Conserved Areas
Local Government Units
Laguna Lake Development Authority
Las Pias Paraaque Critical Habitat Ecotourism Area
Millennium Development Goals
Multilateral Environmental Agreements
Management Effectiveness Tracking Tool
Mines and Geosciences Bureau
Marine Key Biodiversity Areas
Marine Protected Area
National Mapping and Resource Information Authority
National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan
National Climate Change Action Plan
National Commission on Indigenous Peoples
National Economic Development Authority
National Ecotourism Strategy and Action Plan
New Conservation Areas in the Philippines Project
National Framework Strategy on Climate Change
Non-governmental organization
National Greening Program
National Integrated Protected Areas System
National Invasive Species Strategy and Action Plan
National Land Use Plan
National Statistical Coordination Board
Protected Areas
Protected Area Management Board
Protected Area Management Effectiveness
Public Affairs Office
Protected Area Recognition
Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau
Philippine Biodiversity Conservation Priorities
Philippine Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan
Palawan Council for Sustainable Development
Philippine Council for Women
Philippine Development Plan
Philippine Eagle Foundation Inc.
Philippine Environment Partnership Program
Payment for Environmental Services
Philippine Forestry Statistics
Prior Informed Consent
Peoples Organizations
Philippine National Standard for Drinking Water
Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park

vii

PP
PPSO
P/P/A
PSBR
PSY
RA
REDD
RPEC
RPOA
STREEM
SCTR
SEEA
SPOT
TEPO
TVPL
UDP
UNCBD
UNCCD
UNDP
UNESCO
UNEP
UNFCCC
USAID
WAP
WAVES
WCMC
WQ

Presidential Proclamation
Planning and Policy Studies Office
Programs/Projects/Activities
Pressure-State-Benefits-Response
Philippine Statistical Yearbook
Republic Act
Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation
Rules of Procedure for Environmental Cases.
Recruitment Process Outsourcing Association
Strengthening Coordination for Effective Environmental Management
State of the Coral Triangle Report
System of Environmental-Economic Accounts
Satellite Pour lObservation de la Terre
Temporary Environmental Protection Order
Taal Volcano Protected Landscape
Upland Development Program
United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity
United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification
United Nations Development Programme
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
United Nations Environment Programme
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
United States Agency for International Development
Wetlands Action Plan
Wealth Accounting and Valuation of Ecosystems Services
World Conservation Monitoring Center
Water Quality

viii

Executive Summary
Symmetry in strategies and synergy of efforts at the national and local levels are key goals that the
Philippines has continuously endeavored to achieve as it aims to give flesh to its own action plan, the
Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020 and the 2020 Aichi Biodiversity Targets.
Since the 4th National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity was published in 2009, the
Philippines has taken steps to strengthen political, legal and institutional responses to the problems of
resource depletion and exploitation even as it takes on the challenges of climate change, cross-border
smuggling and inequitable land use. Much remains to be done to harmonize and monitor these efforts,
however and to ensure that national targets and local objectives are in synch.
The 5th National Report to the CBD captures the efforts introduced at different stages of governance to
create a more cohesive approach in addressing threats to the countrys biodiversity- at the ecosystems,
species and genetic levels. The Report, which covered actions and changes initiated from the period of
2009-2013, analyzes the value and robustness of these initiatives, as well as the deficiencies and gaps
that derail their effective implementation.
Gathering of information for this report was anchored on regional and national consultations, which
were conducted in line with the governments aim to also update its Philippine Biodiversity Strategy
and Action Plan. Having multisectoral inputs signals a positive direction towards making the processes
of evaluation and assessment participatory, with the ultimate aim of increasing the credibility and
extensiveness of the report.
The report delved on how different branches of the government from the executive to the judicial
branch have come up with actions to enforce biodiversity conservation and sustainable use.. President
Benigno Aquino III has issued executive orders that aimed to curb deforestation and prohibit mining
activities in protected areas. The Supreme Court introduced the Writ of Kalikasan, a legal remedy for
citizens who aimed to stop projects and programs that could harm the environment.
It also showed how partnerships between and among the national and local governments, civil society
organizations, academic and research institutions and the private sector helped shape conservation
programs for rivers and forests, with the provision of economic and livelihood benefits also incorporated
in the design of these projects. Injecting energy and resources to this partnership is critical in the
successful implementation of the National Greening Program, the passage of the Land Use bill into law
and the inclusion of biodiversity conservation and sustainable use in local land use plans. Coordination,
communication and resource-sharing between these actors as well as other stakeholders is also vital in
making the National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan work.
There is also recognition of the importance of traditional knowledge and the role of indigenous peoples
and local communities in the development of biodiversity-friendly businesses in conserving critical
habitats and protected areas. What is needed is the right mix of incentives and an exhaustive exploration
of a possible system for valuating and financing biodiversity to encourage similar efforts.
A review of issues affecting sectors and areas of biodiversity showed improvements such as an
increase in mangrove cover, the discovery of new species, the development of river basin master
plans and the emergence of additional key biodiversity areas, and indigenous and local community
conservation areas. Gains, however, have yet to fully cut across sectors and themes three of which,
urban biodiversity, agrobiodiversity, and genetic resources have yet to be fully studied, assessed and
contextualized.

The lack of nationally-agreed targets and indicators, which has already been raised in the 4th report,
has also posed problems to identifying trends and attaining an accurate measurement of developments,
but the updated Philippine Biodiversity and Strategy Action Plan report has taken steps to address this.
Persistent problems affecting biodiversity include overexploitation, the existence of invasive alien
species, pollution, habitat loss and degradation and climate change. Building the capacity of local
government units in fostering biodiversity-related programs and integrating them in economic and
development plans is essential to creating a holistic approach in combating these drivers of biodiversity
loss.
Mainstreaming policies and programs , increasing the awareness of stakeholders and establishing
accounting and monitoring mechanisms are also necessary in securing more funding and pushing the
passage of policies for biodiversity conservation.
Actions for biodiversity conservation and sustainable use must also be linked with disaster risk reduction,
climate change mitigation and adaptation. These could help the citizenry prepare for the impacts of
extreme weather events such as a decrease in natural resources and its corresponding socioeconomic
effects.

Introduction
Article 26 of the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (UN CBD) requires the Contracting
Parties to periodically present reports on measures that they have taken to implement the Convention's
provisions. These reports are essential tools for the Conference of the Parties and the Convention
Secretariat to monitor and review the implementation of the Convention towards the preparation of a
Global Biodiversity Outlook (CBD, Guidelines for the 5th National Report or 5NR).
The Philippines, as member- party to the CBD, is mandated to submit by 31 March 2014 its 5NR to
chart the countrys progress towards meeting the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020, including
the Aichi Biodiversity Targets.
The 5NR mainly covers progress made for the period from 2009 to 2013 and proceeds from
accomplishments reported in the Fourth National Report (4NR), submitted in 2009, which focused on
the countrys progress toward meeting the 2010 Biodiversity Target: Achieving by 2010 a significant
reduction of the current rate of biodiversity loss at the global, regional and national level as a contribution
to poverty alleviation and to the benefit of all life on earth. As part of its Conclusions, the 4NR identified
the gaps and recommendations in the countrys efforts to meet the 2010 biodiversity target. The
recommendations highlighted the need for policy action, strengthened enforcement of environmental
laws, national baselines, targets and indicators. Some of these recommendations have been met since
the 4NR was submitted.
The CBD has provided guidelines on the preparation of the 5NR, particularly ensuring that concerned
stakeholders and relevant activities, projects and programs from the last reporting period (4th National
Report) up to February 2014 are incorporated in the National Report. The narrative report is thus divided
into three main parts.
Chapter I presents the updates on the changes in the status and trends of biodiversity since the 4NR
was submitted. The main threats to biodiversity or causes of these negative changes will also be
identified, as well as the impacts these changes have had on ecosystem services and the socio-cultural
lives of people and communities.
Chapter II identifies the countrys biodiversity targets and how these are incorporated in and implemented
through the national biodiversity and action plan. Updates on the implementation of the CBD since
the submission of the 4NR are provided, with particular emphasis given on the mainstreaming of
biodiversity through the national biodiversity strategy and action plan in various strategies, plans and
programs.
Chapter III illustrates the progress made towards achieving both the national biodiversity targets
and Aichi Biodiversity Targets, or the goals that form a fundamental part of CBDs Strategic Plan for
Biodiversity 2011-2020. The chapter also discussed how these achievements have contributed towards
the realization of the Millennium Development Goals (MDG). The conclusion of the report highlights
the lessons learned and the remaining challenges, along with the recommendations for the enhanced
implementation of the Convention at the national, regional and global levels.
The preparation of this report is unlike those of the previous reports. It was prepared simultaneously
with the updating of the Philippines Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (PBSAP) that seeks to
address the 2020 Strategic Plan on Biodiversity and the Aichi Biodiversity targets. The PBSAP regional
and national consultations/ workshops helped generate information from multi-stakeholder groups (e.g.
national government agencies, local government units, civil society organizations, private sector, and
local communities) from all over the country.
The results of the consultations/workshops supplemented by key informant interviews and secondary
data (e.g. project reports, government annual reports, planning, development and action plans, etc.)
validate the fact that even if the Philippines is still updating its PBSAP, it is in effect already implementing
some measures to meet the Aichi Targets.
The Department of Environment and Natural Resources- Biodiversity Management Bureau (DENRBMB), formerly Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau or PAWB, as the Focal Point Agency of the
Philippine Government to the CBD, is in charge of leading its preparation.

CHAPTER 1
Biodiversity status, trends and threats
and Implications for human well-being
1.1 Importance of Biodivervsity
As an archipelagic country with a total coastline
of 37,008 km and with more than 60% of the
countrys total population living in coastal areas,
many small-scale artisanal, subsistence and
commercial fishers depend on coastal and marine
ecosystems like mangroves, coral reefs and their
associated ecosystems as a source of food and
livelihood.
The forestry sector continues to play an important
role in our history and provide vital assets for our
social, environmental and economic well-being.1 It
serves as a source of timber and other raw material
inputs to wood-related and wood-intensive
activities and delivers ecosystem services that
have not been adequately valued. The ENR sector
also produces other raw materials that are vital for
the industry and services sectors.
However, biodiversitys true economic contribution
is not fully accounted for as it does not value
the ecosystem services that it provides, e.g.
nutrient dispersal and cycling, climate regulation,
water and power supply, flood control, pest and
disease control, coastal protection, recreational,
educational and aesthetic values. The country
needs to invest in conserving and valuing natural
capital, which if used and developed sustainably,
can provide a good foundation for inclusive
economic growth and human well-being.2
For many years, the environment and natural
resources (ENR) sector has contributed to the
gross domestic product (GDP) by providing
valuable, yet exhaustible resources such as
agriculture and fisheries and forestry. Agriculture
and fisheries are major drivers of the Philippine
economy, with more than one-third of the countrys
population dependent on agriculture and fishing
for a living.

Map 1. The Philippine Archipelago

The significance of biodiversity and ecosystem

services to human well-being is immense given

(Fig. 2). This relationship needs to be internalized

by many Filipinos and mainstreamed by key

the dependence of a majority of 100 million

Filipinos on natural resources that provide them
life and livelihood. Biodiversity and ecosystem
services sustain development and development
impacts biodiversity and ecosystem services.
Both human well-being and long-term economic
success depend on these services3

1 The Megadiversity concept was introduced by Conservation International in 1998 to highlight biologically remarkable countries

and prioritize conservation efforts in these areas. It is a call for action to ensure the survival of all forms of life on earth

2 Reid, W. et al. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. Ecosystems and Human Well-being -- Synthesis. Washington: World

Resources Institute, 2005.

3 Ranganthan, J. et al. Ecosystem Services: A Guide for Decision Makers. Washington: World Resources Institute, 2008. Accessed

February 15, 2014. http://www.wri.org/sites/default/files/pdf/ecosystem_services_guide_for_decisionmakers.pdf

policy and decision makers into national and local

development planning and practices.

Figure 1. Ecosystem Services

The Philippines is an island country in Southeast

Asia located close to the tropical equator and
the Pacific Ring of Fire (Map 1). Its location has
made it prone to earthquakes and tropical storms,
but has also blessed it with abundant natural
resources making it a biodiversity superstar,
one of 18megadiversity countries in the world,
that together, comprise more than two thirds of
the planets biological wealth4 and natural capital
(see Annex 1).
The diversity of ecosystems, species and genetic
resources in the country is reflected in the
richness of its biodiversity- from mountain forests
to agricultural areas, freshwater systems, coastal
and marine areas- and the ecosystem services
they provide- provisioning, regulating, supporting
and cultural (Fig.1)5.

Source: Millennium Ecosystem Assessment

Figure 2. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Conceptual Framework of Interaction between Biodiversity,

Ecosystem Services, Human Well-Being, and Drivers of Change.

Source: WRI, 2005

4 Department of Environment and Natural Resources. Increasing Global Recognition of Forests as Drivers of Socio-economic

Growth Hailed. DENR News and Features, 20 March 2014. Accessed 21 March 2014. http://www.denr.gov.ph/news-andfeatures/latest-news/1743-increasing-global-recognition-of-forests-as-drivers-of-socio-economic-growth-hailed.html
5 La Via, et. al. Conserving Tropical Forests and Biodiversity for Human Development and Inclusive Growth. FAA 118/119 Report
Philippines Biodiversity and Tropical Forestry Analysis. United States Agency for International Development of the United States
Government, 2011.

The Philippine Development Plan (PDP) 20112016, crafted under the leadership of President
Benigno Aquino III, recognizes the value of the
ENR sector and its contribution towards a national
vision of inclusive growth that benefits all Filipinos
through higher economic growth of 7-8% per year
and mass employment that reduces poverty and
achieves the Millennium Development Goals
(MDGs). Three goals were identified to ensure

sustainable and climate- resilient agriculture

and fisheries, forestry and associated industry
and services sectors that provide livelihood
and job opportunities, namely: a) conservation,
protection and rehabilitation of natural resources;
b) improvement of environmental quality; and, c)
enhancement of natural systems resiliency and
improvement of adaptive capacities of vulnerable
communities6 (Fig.3).

Figure 3. Strategic framework for ENR conservation, protection and rehabilitation

Chapter 10, PDP 2011-2016

Source: NEDA

6 National Economic Development Authority. Biodiversity Conservation in the Philippine Development Plan 2011-2016.

Presentation given at the Visayas Regional Consultation for the Updating of the PBSAP, Cebu City, Philippines, 28 August 2013.

The midterm assessment of the PDP 2011-2016

conducted in 2014 identified continued challenges
to the implementation of the plan in terms of
policy, institutions and operations. Major policy
challenges include the lack of a harmonized
national land use policy, poor land management
and administration, inadequate policies to ensure
sustainable management of minerals, solid
and hazardous wastes and absence of ENR
valuation/accounting. In terms of institutions,
there are prevailing concerns over conflicting and
overlapping government mandates, weak water
government and lack of manpower and expertise
at the local level.
Operational challenges include inadequate tools
and facilities to support ENR management,
unavailability of timely, updated and integrated
database and inadequate and non-sustained

financing for ENR, climate change adaptation/

mitigation and disaster risk reduction and
management. Based on the assessment, the
strategic framework for the ENR sector has been
updated to ensure sustainability and climate
resilience (Fig. 4)7.
Another continuing challenge is how stakeholders
view biodiversity and ecosystem services in the
context of national development. At present,
appreciation of and discourse on biodiversity
and ecosystem services are confined within the
concept of environmental management. The
PDP Chapter on ENR advocates for sustainable
development and ecosystems approach, but
needs to emphasize the interconnectedness of
ENR with all sectors of government and society. It
is imperative that this paradigm be internalized by
all stakeholders and most especially by leaders
across the development sectors.

Figure 4. Strategic framework for ENR sustainability and climate-resiliency, Updated PDP 2011-2016.

Source: NEDA

7 National Economic Development Authority. Sustainable and Climate-resilient Environment and Natural Resources. Presentation

given at the Meeting of the Global Environmental Facility 5 (GEF 5)-National Steering Committee, Quezon City, Philippines, 25
March 2014.

1.2 Status and Trends

1.2.1 Forest and mountain biodiversity
The Philippine government continues to adopt
the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
definition of forest as an area of more than 0.5
hectares and tree crown cover (or equivalent
stocking level) of more than 10% which includes
natural and plantation and production forests.
The countrys total land area of about 30 million
hectares is legally classified as alienable and
disposable land and forestland, categorized in
Table 1 below. The use of the classified forest
land of 15.05 million hectares is mainly for forest

while the use of the unclassified forest land of 755

thousand hectares has not yet been determined8.
Figure 5 compares forest cover data released
in 2003 and 2010 by the National Mapping
and Resource Information Authority (NAMRIA)
generated through the visual interpretation of
images of the Philippines taken from various earth
observation satellites- Advanced Land Observing
Satellite (ALOS) Advanced Visible and Near
Infrared Radiometer (AVNIR)-2, Satellite Pour
lObservation de la Terre (SPOT)5, and LandSat.

Table 1. Land classification, 2005-2012

Classified

Forest
Land

Total Area
Certified A & D
Total
Unclassified
Total
Forest Reserves
Established
timberland
National Parks
Military & Naval
Reserve
Civil Reservation
Fish Pond

2005
30.00
14.21
15.79
0.75
15.04
3.22

2006
30.00
14.19
15.81
0.76
15.05
3.27

2007
30.00
14.19
15.81
0.76
15.05
3.27

2008
30.00
14.19
15.81
0.76
15.05
3.27

2009
30.00
14.19
15.81
0.76
15.05
3.27

2010
30.00
14.19
15.81
0.76
15.05
3.27

2011
30.00
14.19
15.81
0.76
15.05
3.27

2012
30.00
14.19
15.81
0.76
15.05
3.27

10.09

10.06

10.06

10.06

10.06

10.06

10.06

10.06

1.34

1.34

1.34

1.34

1.34

1.34

1.34

1.34

0.13

0.13

0.13

0.13

0.13

0.13

0.13

0.13

0.17
0.09

0.17
0.09

0.17
0.09

0.17
0.09

0.17
0.09

0.17
0.09

0.17
0.09

0.17
0.09

Source: Philippine Forestry Statistics (PFS), 2013

A review of the forestry statistical data of 2003 and

2010 shows an increase in open forest cover as
well as mangrove cover and a decrease in closed
forest cover. The increase in open forest cover
and decrease in closed forest cover indicate that
the forest ecosystem continues to be threatened
by human activities, such as logging (both legal
and illegal), kaingin or slash and burn agriculture
and forest fire.
The increase in areas reforested from 128,559
hectares in 2011 to 221,764 hectares in
2012 (Figure 6), is attributed to the ongoing
implementation of the NGP pursuant to Executive
Order (EO) Nos. 239 and 2610. The NGP aims to

plant 1.5 billion trees in 1.5 million hectares for

six years from 2011 to 2016 in lands of the public
domain - forestlands, mangroves, protected
areas, ancestral domains, civil and military
reservations, urban areas under the jurisdiction
of local government units (LGUs), inactive and
abandoned mine sites and other suitable lands
in partnership with other government agencies,
private sector, civil society and local communities.
As of 2012, the NGP covered a total area of
350,321 hectares, generated about 380,696 jobs,
and sequestered about 38.9 million tons of carbon
worth PhP14 Billion11. The NGP posted a 67%
survival rate for 2012 compared to 65% in 2011 or
an average survival rate of 66%12.

8 Philippines DENR Forest Management Bureau. Philippine Forestry Statistics 2013. Accessed March 13, 2014. http://forestry.

denr.gov.ph/PFS2013.pdf.

9 Executive Order (EO) No. 23, s. 2011. Declaring a Moratorium on the Cutting and Harvesting of Timber in Natural and Residual

Forests and Creating the Anti-Illegal Logging Task Force.

10 EO No. 26, s. 2011. Declaring an Interdepartmental Convergence Initiative for a National Greening Program.
11 National Economic Development Authority. Sustainable and Climate-resilient Environment and Natural Resources. Presentation

given at the Meeting of the Global Environmental Facility 5 (GEF 5)-National Steering Committee, Quezon City, Philippines, 25
March 2014.
12 Letter from DENR-FMB Director and NGP National Coordinator Ricardo Calderon dated 29 May 2014.

Figure 5. Forest cover, 2003 and 2010 (in hectares).

Source: Philippine Forestry Statistics 2012

The socioeconomic contribution of forestry to

the Philippine economy has decreased due to
massive deforestation in the past two decades.
Yet, both wood (e.g. veneer and plywood) and nonwood (e.g. bamboo, rattan) enterprises, whether
large or small-scale, continue to produce forest
products for domestic and foreign consumption.
Revenues from timber harvest went down by 91%
from PhP 24 million in 2011 to PhP 2 million in

2012 due to a moratorium on tree harvesting from

natural and residual forests pursuant to EO 23.
On the other hand, revenues from forest charges
on non-timber forest products increased by 17%
from PhP 3.6 million in 2011 to of PhP 4.2 million
in 201213. In the past five years, the forestry sector
contribution decreased from an average of 0.07%
from 2003-2008 to an average of 0.04% at current
prices from 2009-201314.

Figure 6. Reforested Areas in hectares, 2005-2012.

Source: Philippines Statistical Yearbook (PSY), 2013

13 Philippines DENR Forest Management Bureau. Philippine Forestry Statistics 2012. Accessed October 12, 2013.

http://forestry.denr.gov.ph/PFS2012.pdf.

14 National Statistical Coordination Board. Philippine Statistical Yearbook 2012. Makati City, Philippines: NCSB, 2013.

Protected areas
Legal measures continue to be instituted to
protect and conserve the countrys forests through
the declaration of protected areas (PAs), critical
habitats and local community conserved areas.
In terms of PA coverage, 5.45 million hectares or
14.2% of the total area of the country are PAs,
4.07 million hectares or 13.57% of which are
terrestrial areas, while 1.38 million hectares or
0.63% are marine areas. These include initial
components which have not been proclaimed
under the National Integrated Protected Areas
System (NIPAS) as well as PAs with both land and
marine components .About 26% of forest covers
are within PAs.
The number and area coverage of PAs under
NIPAS have increased to 240 with a total area
of 5.45 million hectares or 14.20% of total area
in 2013(Table 2) from 234 with a total area
of 5.23 million hectares (or 13.54% of total
area) in 2008. The increase is attributed to the

proclamation of additional NIPAS sites such as

the Mt. Mantalingahan Protected Landscape,
Aliwagwag Falls Protected Landscape, Caracand Watersheds. About 26% of the forest cover
is within PAs15. Of the 240 PAs, 13 PAs with a
total area of 893,512.16 hectares have been
established by law following the NIPAS mandate,
compared to ten PAs in 2008. Five PAs have also
been designated as Association of Southeast
Asian Nations (ASEAN) Heritage Natural Parks,
namely: Mt. Apo Natural Park, Mts. Iglit-Baco
National Park, Mt. Kitanglad Range Natural
Park, Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park and Mt.
Makiling Nature Reserve.
The decline in open and closed canopy forests also
validate recent findings of a GIZ-funded Project
on Protected Area Management Effectiveness
(PAME) which showed poor management
effectiveness in 61 terrestrial protected areas with
an overall rating of 58% only (see related entry on
PAME in Box 1)16.

Table 2. Protected areas coverage, 2008 and 2013

PA Coverage, 2008 and 2013
Protected Area
(million hectares and
% of total area)

2008

2013

Terrestrial

3.87 (12.91%)

4.07 (13.57%)

Marine

1.38 (00.63%)

1.38 (0.63%)

5.25 (13.54%)

5.45 (14.20%)

% Total Area

Trend

Increase
Same

Source: DENR- BMB, 2014

Flora and Fauna

In terms of wildlife species management, new species continue to be discovered by survey teams
from local and international academic and research institutes (Figure 7) with many more awaiting
discovery.
Figure 7. New species discoveries count, 2005-2012

Source: DENR-BMB, 2013.

15 DENR Biodiversity Management Bureau. PAWB Cue Cards FY 2014. Presentation from the DENR Biodiversity Management

Bureau.

16 Guiang, E.S. and G.C. Braganza. National Management Effectiveness and Capacity Assessment of Protected Areas in the

Philippines: Draft Report. Manila, Philippines: GIZ, 2014

10

Box 1. Hits and Misses in Protected Areas Management

The DENR-BMB and the GIZ GmbHcommissioned
study
on
the
National
Management Effectiveness and Capacity
Assessment (NMECA) under the PAME
(Protected Areas Management Enhancement)
Project showed that the state of the Protected
Areas (PA) management in the Philippines was
poor, with a 58% overall average METT findings
across 61 PAs assessed.
One of the primary challenges found was the
lack of regular and sustained funding evidenced
by the fact that only 4 out of the 61 PAs are
covered by Republic Acts (RAs) while the rest
are sanctioned by Presidential Proclamations.
Although all of the sample sites have Protected
Area Management Boards (PAMBs), the low
responsiveness and support from the LGUs and
other political actors reduce the significance and
effectiveness of the PAs. These financial and
governance challenges impact the management
of the sites.
It was also revealed that, in majority of the
LGUs and communities, ownership of PA
management is limited. For instance, in most
sites, the PA zones have not been incorporated
in the Comprehensive Land Use Plans (CLUPs)
of the LGUs that have political jurisdictions
of the PAs. There is also reported difficulty in
harmonizing conflicting land and resource uses,
boundary conflicts and zoning regimes by the
PAMBs and Protected Areas Superintendents
(PASus) in sites with either ancestral domain
titles or ancestral domain claims. Only a few PAs
have contributed to the local economy through
ecotourism, supply of key ecosystems goods and
services to downstream area and PA-dependent
livelihoods. All of these challenges pose an
urgent need for technical assistance support
for capacity building, biodiversity assessment,
planning and implementation.
The study also identified several best practices
and innovation that hold potential as models
for effective management. These include the

Photo from: DENR-BMB

increasing collaborative engagements in PA

management, the harmonization of policy
formulations, the networking with resource
institutions, setting up of various schemes for
PES, proper valuation methods enhanced by
communication and social marketing campaigns
and the effective practice of connecting PA site
with PA clients and partners.
The NMECA Study team recommended five
areas to serve as guide to the sector for effective
biodiversity management: (1) policy governance
improvement, (2) strengthening of the PA
management planning process, (3) supporting
or improving plan implementation processes,
particularly a results-based monitoring and
evaluation system (4) intensifying or mobilizing
inputs for PA management and (5) measuring
and reporting on the outcome.

11

Figure 8. New species discoveries, photos17

(a)

(b)

(d)

(c)

(e)

Some of these new discoveries (Figure 8 a-e) include the (a) Camiguin hawk owl (Ninox leventisi),
(b) Cordillera shrew mouse (Archboldomys maximus), (c) Zambales forest mouse (Apomys
zambalensis), (d) Sierra Madre forest mouse (Apomys sierra), and (e) Southern Leyte frog
(Platymantis guentheri and Platymantis hazelae).
Aside from being a biodiversity superstar, the country is also a biodiversity hotspot. Table 3 shows
the number of threatened species of fauna and flora listed under DENR Administrative Order (DAO)
2004-15 (for fauna) and DAO2007-01 (for flora).
Table 3. Number of threatened wildlife species, 2006-2013*

Taxonomic
Group
A. Fauna*

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

Mammals
Birds
Reptiles
Amphibians

43
131
27
14

43
132
27
14

43
132
27
14

42
127
24
14

42
127
24
14

42
127
24
14

42
127
24
14

42
127
24
14

526

526

526

526

526

526

526

B. Flora**

*Based on DAO No. 2004-15 re National List of Threatened Terrestrial Species of Wild Fauna and 2011
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) Appendices
**Based on DAO No. 2007-01 re National List of Threatened Philippine Plants

Between 2008 and 2009, the lists were updated

to reflect the corresponding changes in the CITES
listings of certain species under each taxonomic
group. Fourteen species 3 mammals, 8 birds
and 3 reptiles- were delisted from the CITES
Appendix
as a result of reconciling CITES
and Philippine wildlife reclassification than of
successful conservation efforts. At present, there
is an ongoing effort to review and update the lists.
Specific programs for some endangered and
threatened species like the national bird, the
Philippine eagle (Pithecophaga jefferyi), Philippine
Cockatoo (Cacatua haematuropygia) Tamaraw
(Bubalus mindorensis), Philippine tarsier (Tarsius
syrichta), Philippine Crocodile (Crocodylus

mindorensis) and marine turtles are also ongoing.

Figure 9 shows that monitoring conducted by
the DENR field staff from 2005 to 2013 under its
Philippine Raptors Conservation Program yielded
an increase in sightings of critically endangered
Philippine eagles in the wild. However, this
number is not reflective of an increase or decrease
in population. Conservation and protection efforts
were boosted with the discovery of Philippine
eagles in various locations in Apayao from
2011-2013, rediscovery of the species in Leyte
in December 2012 and successful hatching in
December 2013 of a new eaglet Atbalin, the 4th
offspring of a pair of Philippine eagles in the wild
in Zamboanga del Norte.

17 Photo credits: (a) N. leventisi (Bram Demeulemeester), (b) A. maximus (L.R. Heaney/Field Museum), (c) A. zambalensis (D.S.

Balete/Field Museum), (d) A. sierra (D.S. Balete/Field Museum), (e) Platymanis g. / h. (P. Esmaquel II)

12

Figure 9. Philippine eagle sightings in the wild, 2005-2013..

Source: Philippine Raptors Conservation Program, DENR-BMB, 2013.

For better management of the equally endangered

tamaraw, the Tamaraw Conservation Program
continues to regularly monitor its population in
Mts. Iglit-Baco National Park. Figure 10 shows an
increase in the actual count of tamaraws to 345
in 2013 from 274 in 2009. There was a significant

drop in the number of tamaraws in 2011, however.

This drop has been attributed to: a) natural
mortality, b) illegal hunting and traditional hunting
by indigenous peoples and c) limitations in
methodology and visibility18.

Figure 10.Tamaraw population in Mts. Iglit-Baco National Park, 2000-2013.

Source: Tamaraw Conservation Program, DENR-BMB, 2013.

18 DENR Biodiversity Management Bureau. Tamaraw Conservation Program Progress Report 2013.

13

Key Biodiversity Areas

In addition to species-specific conservation programs,
Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) and critical habitats
have been identified for conservation measures. KBAs
represent known habitats of 855 globally important
species of plants, corals, molluscs, elasmobranchs,
fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals in
the country. A total of 228 KBAs have been identified
- 128 terrestrial and freshwater KBAs in 2006 and 123
marine KBAs in 200919, with 91 out of 240 PAs within
KBAs. Six critical habitats with a total area of 9,391.697
hectares have also been established to protect the
habitats and populations of threatened species of wild
flora (e.g. Rafflesia schadenbergiana) and wild fauna
(e.g. Philippine falconet, Philippine hanging parakeet,
marine turtles, Philippine wild duck and other waterbird
species), pursuant to Republic Act (RA) No. 9147 or the
Wildlife Resources Conservation and Protection Act.

In caves and karst systems, several invertebrates like

insects and crustaceans have beenidentified such as a
cave spider (Althepus noonadanae), ant (Paratrechina
longicornis) cave crabs (Sundathelphusa cavernicula,
Sundathelphusa sottooe, Sundathelphusa urichii)
and the newly discovered Karstarma philippinarum.
Vertebrates such as gobiine fish (Caecogobius
crytopthalmus), snakes (Laticauda semifasciata,
Laticauda laticaudia), gecko (Gekko gigantes) and bats
(Hipposiderus diaderma, Miniopterus schriebersi) have
also been observed.Furthermore, 1,763 known caves
have been recorded; many more are being discovered,
including underwater caves and associated wildlife.

1.2.2 Agricultural biodiversity or Agrobiodiversity

Figure 11. Performance of agriculture industry and subsectors, 2012 and 2013

Source: Bureau of Agricultural Statistics, 2013.

Agrobiodiversity includes all components of biological

diversity of relevance to food and agriculture. They
also constitute the agricultural ecosystems or agroecosystems, which encompass the variety and variability
of animals, plants and micro-organisms at the genetic,
species and ecosystem levels that are necessary
to sustain key functions of the agro-ecosystem, its
structure and processes.20 In the Philippines, however,
reporting of agricultural statistics remains traditional,

with more focus given on crop yields and on economic

productivity of farms rather than on biodiversity in the
agricultural ecosystem.
Agricultural development
is still mainly seen from a perspective of increasing
productivity through intensive agriculture, monoculture,
introduction of high-yield varieties in plants and genetic
upgrading with exotic stocks in animals. Figure 11
shows that agriculture registered a 1.15% growth in
2013 compared to 2.89% in 201221.

19 Ambal R. G. R., M.V. Duya, M. A. Cruz, O.G. Coroza, S.G. Vergara, N. De Silva, N. Molinyawe, B. Tabaranza, Key Biodiversity

Areas in the Philippines: Priorities for Conservation, Journal of Threatened Taxa 4:8 (2012). Accessed 21 March 2014. http://
threatenedtaxa.org/ZooPrintJournal/2012/August/o299506viii122788-2796.pdf
20 Convention on Biological Diversity. Agricultural Biological Diversity: Review of Phase I of the Programme of Work and Adoption of
a Multi-year Work Programme, CoP Decision V/5. Accessed June 28, 2014. http://www.cbd.int/decision/cop/?id=7147.
21 Bureau of Agricultural Statistics. Performance of Philippine Agriculture, January-December 2013. Accessed March 10, 2014.
http://www.bas.gov.ph/?ids=agriperformance.

14

The crops, livestock and poultry subsectors

posted growth in 2013. The crops subsector (e.g.
palay, corn, tobacco, onion, mango, cassava,
coconut, sugarcane, banana, coffee, abaca,
peanut, calamansi), which accounted for 51.05%
of the total agricultural output, grossed PhP 814.7
billion at current prices or 2.13% more compared
to 2012, registering minimal growth of 0.09%.
The second largest subsector which comprised
the livestock (hog, cattle), grew by 1.75% in 2013
compared to 1.1% in 2012 and grossed PhP 233.2
billion at current prices or 8.82% more compared
to 2012. The poultry (chicken) subsector, on
the other hand, experienced growth of 4.2%
compared to 4.53% in 2013, grossing PhP 174.2
billion in current prices or 4.31% more compared
to 2012.
The fisheries subsector registered a growth of
1.23% compared to -0.25% in 2012, accounting
for 17.96% to total agricultural output and grossed
PhP 239.1 billion in current prices or 2.78% more
compared to 2012. In 2013, the local fishing
industry contributed 1.73% to the GDP compared
to 2.23% in 2009, at current prices. In the past five
years, the sectors contribution has decreased,
however, from an average of 3.30% from 20032008 to an average of 1.93% at current prices
from 2009-201322. The 2012 State of the Coral
Triangle Report (SCTR) said that the decline in the
sectors contribution is attributed to the decrease
in production of the commercial and municipal
sectors23. Overfishing is also a factor. Table 4
shows the quantity and value of fish production,

by type of fishing operation from 1996 to 2012.

Overall, except for the minimal growth of the crop
subsector, the livestock, poultry and fisheries
subsectors contributed to agricultural performance
in 2013. Agriculture grossed Php 1.5 trillion in
current prices or 3.51% more compared to 201224.
As of this report period, there are still no
actual figures to measure decline or gain in
agrobiodiversity beyond crop yields and farm
productivity in the absence of national indicators
specifically addressing agro-ecosystems.
The country report on the state of the plant
genetic resources for food and agriculture has not
been updated since its last report covering the
period for 1997-200625. Altoveros and Borromeo
cited lack of funds as the reason why the report
has not been updated. The 2003 Philippine
Animal Genetic Resource Report prepared by the
Department of Agriculture (DA)- Bureau of Animal
Industry (BAI) has likewise not been updated.
There is, however, recognition of the diversity of
agricultural resources- more than 5,500 traditional
rice varieties and their wild relatives, indigenous
and endemic species of vegetables and fruit
crops, including taro, yam, banana, and abaca.
Agricultural biodiversity is also being managed
and sustained by local communities through
traditional agricultural practices that conserve
and enhance biodiversity at genetic, species and
landscape level.

Table 4. Quantity and Value of Fish Production, by Type of Fishing Operation, 1996-2012

Total

Year
Quantity
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012

2,796.00
2,793.60
2,829.50
2,923.80
2,993.30
3,166.50
3,369.50
3,619.20
3,926.10
4,161.80
4,408.50
4,711.30
4,966.88
5,079.90
5,159.50
4,973.55
4,858.10

Value
(PhP)
83,275.20
80,617.10
85,133.10
92,322.30
98,622.10
107,193.80
113,258.20
119,866.30
138,846.50
146,392.90
163,374.40
180,545.20
215,813.51
215,582.06
221,051.00
224,695.00
237,711.49

Commercial
Fishing /1

Quantity
879.10
884.70
940.50
948.80
946.50
976.50
1,042.20
1,109.60
1,128.40
1,134.00
1,080.70
1,192.10
1,226.20
1,253.90
1,242.10
1,032.80
1,035.21

Value
(PhP)
24,555.30
25,935.30
29,737.10
32,242.10
33,878.70
36,088.70
39,681.20
42,002.90
48,349.30
47,272.70
48,555.90
54,737.50
63,170.10
58,705.00
60,457.00
58,623.00
65,894.20

Municipal Fishing
/2
Value
Quantity
(PhP)
909.20 25,373.20
924.50 27,392.90
891.10 28,966.50
926.30 31,034.10
945.90 32,595.60
969.50 34,221.70
988.90 38,158.90
1,055.10 40,664.30
1,080.70 45,674.90
1,132.00 49,950.40
1,235.50 59,146.60
1,304.40 64,210.40
1,332.99 70,973.92
1,348.60 75,383.70
1,371.40 77,736.50
1,332.65 80,075.60
1,280.92 79,527.37

Aquaculture /3
Quantity
1,007.70
984.40
997.80
1,048.70
1,100.90
1,220.50
1,338.40
1,454.50
1,717.00
1,895.80
2,092.30
2,214.80
2,407.69
2,477.40
2,546.00
2,608.10
2,541.97

Value
(PhP)
33,346.70
27,288.80
26,429.50
29,046.10
32,147.90
36,883.40
35,418.20
37,199.10
44,822.30
49,169.80
55,671.90
61,597.30
81,669.49
81,493.36
82,857.50
85,996.40
92,289.92

Source: Philippine Statistical Yearbook, 2013

Note: Details may not add up to total due to rounding.

1/ Includes production from commercial fishing vessels
2/ Includes production from capture activities in various marine and inland (fresh) bodies of water such as lakes, rivers, etc.
3/ Includes production from aquaculture activities such as brackish water and freshwater fish ponds, freshwater and marine fishpens,
freshwater, and marine fish cages, culture of oysters, mussels, and seaweeds

22 National Statistical Coordination Board. Philippine Statistical Yearbook 2012. Makati City, Philippines: NCSB, 2013.
23 National Coral Triangle Initiative (CTI) Coordinating Committee. State of the Coral Triangle Report Philippines. Jakarta,

Indonesia: Coral Triangle Initiative, 2012.

24 Bureau of Agricultural Statistics. Performance of Philippine Agriculture, January-December 2013.

Altoveros, Nestor and Teresita H. Borromeo. The State of the Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture of the

25 Philippines (1997-2006): A Country Report. Philippines: Department of Agriculture (DA) - Bureau of Plant Industry (BPI),

2007.

15

1.2.3 Inland wetlands biodiversity

Inland wetlands biodiversity is defined as biodiversity
associated with inland water ecosystems which include
aquatic-influenced environments located within land
boundaries such as lakes, rivers, ponds, streams,
springs, caves, floodplains, as well as bogs, marshes
and swamps, which are traditionally grouped as inland
wetlands. Wetlands are " areas of marsh, fen, peatland
or water, whether natural or artificial, permanent or
temporary, with water that is static or flowing, fresh,
brackish or salt, including areas of marine water the
depth of which at low tide does not exceed six meters."26
Just like forest and agricultural biodiversity, inland
wetlands biodiversity is important to socio-economic
development and human well-being. Wetlands regulate

water quantity and quality, wetlands vegetation filters

contaminants and helps improve water quality in a
more cost-effective manner than conventionally built
water treatment plants. Biodiversity associated with
inland wetlands includes fisheries and other resources
that are important to food security. Among them are
316 fish species, 121 of which are endemic and 76
are threatened species; several species of aquatic
plants, resident and migratory birds, amphibians and
reptiles like the endemic and threatened Crocodylus
mindorensis. As in the other ecosystems, there has
been difficulty in determining status and trends due to
lack of nationally-agreed indicators and targets and lack
of monitoring systems but historical data are available
for some.

Priority rivers and river basins

Rivers and river basins provide various services such
as transport of goods and services, hydropower,
recreation, irrigation and fisheries which require some
degree of quality according to usage.
The governments Sagip Ilog Program continues
to monitor water quality of 19 priority rivers using
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Dissolved
Oxygen (DO) levels to determine safe and best usage.
Tables 5 and 6 show improvement of water quality
(WQ), with six rivers already within the BOD criteria
and six rivers within DO criteria27 for Class A, C and
D waters28.
Monitoring results indicate that Anayan, Malaguit,
Panique, Luyang, Sapangdaku and Cagayan de Oro
Rivers have registered BOD levels within acceptable
criteria. Ylang-Ylang, Mogpog, Anayan, Malaguit,
Panique and Balili Rivershave registered DO levels
within acceptable criteria. Only Anayan, Malaguit and
Panique Rivers in Region 5 have registered both BOD
and DO levels within acceptable criteria29.
Other strategies and programs have been adopted by
the government in partnership with national and local
government agencies, business and local communities
to improve water quality. These include implementing
an Adopt-an-Estero (creek) Program with 430 partner
organizations nationwide (as of 2012) for massive

clean up, dredging and de-clogging of water bodies,

monitoring compliance of residential, industrial and
commercial establishments to solid waste and water
quality standards and preparation of management
plans for 18 river basins larger than 1,400 sq km.
These 18 major river basins comprise 36% of the
countrys total land area and are important sources
of water for domestic use, agriculture, industry and
commerce, including power and transportation and
also serve as hosts to several aquatic species. Among
these are the Cagayan River which is known to have
the most expensive and threatened lobed river mullet
(Cestraeus plicatilis) or ludong, and three species
of eels (Anguilla marmorata, Anguilla pacifica) and
Anguilla celebenensis). As of 2013, seven river basin
master plans (Cagayan, Mindanao, Buayan-Malungon,
Agusan, Pampanga, Pasig-Laguna de Bay and Agno
River Basins) out of 18 have been completed while
others (Abra, Bicol, Abulog, Tagum-Libuganon, IlogHilabangan, Panay, Tagoloan, Agus, Davao and
Cagayan de Oro and Jaluar River Basins) are still
under preparation.30,31 This is a welcome development
considering that the preparation of many of the river
basin master plans has just started in 2008. New
initiatives on river basin or watershed planning have
also been undertaken under various projects as
discussed in Target 14, Chapter 3.

26 Wetlands as defined by the Convention on Wetlands or Ramsar Convention

27 DENR Environmental Management Bureau. 2012 Annual Report. Accessed July 20, 2014. http://www.emb.gov.ph/portal/

Portals/0/download/EMB%20ANNUAL%20REPORT%20FOR%20CY%202012.pdf

28 DAO No. 34 Series of 1990 or the Revised water usage and classification/water quality criteria classify water according to

beneficial use. Fresh surface waters (rivers, lakes, reservoirs, etc.) are classified as Class A (Public Water Supply Class II)for water supply that requires complete treatment (coagulation, sedimentation, filtration and disinfection) in order to meet the
Philippine National Standard for Drinking Water (PNSDW); Class C- for fishery (for propagation and growth of fish and other
aquatic resources), recreational (for boating, etc.), industrial (for manufacturing processes after treatment); and Class D (for
agriculture, irrigation, livestock watering, etc.), industrial (e.g. cooling, etc.).
29 DENR Environmental Management Bureau. 2012 Annual Report. Accessed July 20, 2014. http://www.emb.gov.ph/portal/
Portals/0/download/EMB%20ANNUAL%20REPORT%20FOR%20CY%202012.pdf
30 DENR- River Basin Control Office. The Philippines major river basin. Philippines: DENR-RBCO, 2012.
31 DENR-River Basin Control Office. Status of the Formulation of the Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master
Plan for the 18 Major River Basins. Presentation from the DENR River Basin Control Office.

16

Table 5. Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD mg/L) for 19 priority rivers, 2003, 2005, 2009, 2012

Region
III
IV-A
IV-B
V
VI
VII
X
CAR
NCR

Waterbody

Class

Meycauayan River
Marilao River
Bocaue River
Imus River
Ylang-ylang River
Mogpog River
Calapan River
Anayan River*
Malaguit River**
Panique River***
Iloilo River
Luyang River*
Sapangdaku River*
Cagayan de Oro River*
Balili River
Marikina River
San Juan River
Paranaque River
Pasig River

C
C
C
C
C
C
C
D
C
C
C
C
C
A
C
C
C
C

BOD
2003
38.2
32.3
12.2
5.65
24.4
4.1
2.4
18.2
54.8
42
10.7

2005
119.73
41.47
6.4
9.47
8.32
15.46
2.34
0.74
2.64
3.36
2.04
0.86
1.26
31.83
12.13
33.48
29.46
24.17

*Rivers with BOD level within WQ criteria

BOD Criteria:
** Replaced by Rio Guinobatan River
*** Replaced by Sagumayon River , (a) no longer monitored

2009
48.95
8.21
6.31
18.68
126.27
5.33
2.91
(a)
(a)
6.4
2.48
3.18
1.14
7.04
13.97
44.73
53.31
33.29

2012
47.49
27.2
10.26
15.28
24.86
14.08
(a)
(a)
14.2
3
1.67
2
47.6
-

<5 mg/L for Class A&B

<7 mg/L for Class C
10 mg/L for Class D

Table 6. Dissolved Oxygen (DO mg/L) for 19 priority rivers, 2003, 2005, 2009, 2012

Region
III
IV-A
IV-B
V
VI
VII
X
CAR
NCR

Waterbody
Meycauayan River
Marilao River
Bocaue River
Imus River
Ylang-ylang River*
Mogpog River*
Calapan River
Anayan River*
Malaguit River*
Panique River*
Iloilo River
Luyang River
Sapangdaku River
Cagayan de Oro River
Balili River*
Marikina River
San Juan River
Paranaque River
Pasig River
* Rivers with DO level within WQ criteria

Class
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
D
C
C
C
C
C
A
C
C
C
C

2003
0.8
1.9
3
4.5
4.9
3.1
4.6
2.7
4.2
8.6
4.6
3.1
2.4
2.5
3.1

2005
0.45
1.09
2.73
5.18
4.83
7.15
2.85
5.65
5.75
5.6
4.88
7.57
7.14
8.13
4.92
3.37
2.69
1.32
2.14

DO
2009
4.15
4.98
7.92
4.75
4.57
8.02
2.91
6.28
7.49
7.39
3.91
4.08
4.33
8.76
6.72
5.22
1.28
0.36
3.1

2012
2.05
3.11
3.54
4.13
5.74
7.96
2.72
5.9
6.35
4.4
4
3
4.48
9.9
1.9
-

DO Criteria:> 5 mg/L for Class AA to C; 3 mg/L for Class D

17

Lakes
Ten major lakes (Laguna de Bay, Lanao, Taal, Mainit,
Naujan, Buluan, Bato, Pagusi, Labas and Lumao
host aquaculture production and many other uses for
household, recreation and industry. The three largest
lakes are Laguna de Bay, Taal and Mainit, the largest of
which is Laguna de Bay with an area of 95,000 hectares.
The Lake Basin (Laguna Lake and its watershed
provinces of Rizal and Laguna, most of Metro Manila
and parts of Cavite, Batangas and Quezon) is a vital
ecosystem that contributes to water, food and energy
security in the NCR and CALABARZON (Cavite,
Laguna, Batangas, Rizal and Quezon). Together, they
account for over 50% of the countrys GDP.32
The Laguna Lake Development Authority (LLDA) has
estimated pollution loads (e.g. BOD, total nitrogen and
total phosphorus) in Laguna Lake, Pasig River and
Manila Bay watersheds using the Waste Load Model
for the years 2008, 2010, 2015 and 2020 from major
point sources (industry, domestic, agriculture and forest
in 58 sub-basins (37 within the Pasig River-Manila Bay
watershed and 21 sub-basins in the Laguna de Bay
watershed). The highest pollution loads of BOD and
other nutrients and inputs were from domestic sources,
followed by industrial, commercial, agricultural and
forest sources. LLDA further reported that water quality
in the lake and soil quality in the watershed have been
on steady decline, with greater incidences of flooding
and disasters in more than 20 lakeside municipalities
since 2009, further exacerbated by climate variability.33

The 4th National Report in 2009 reported that pollution

and unregulated fish cage operations threatened lake
productivity in the Taal Volcano Protected Landscape
(TVPL). Taal Lake is home to various endemic species,
including tawilis (Sardinella tawilis) and duhol
(Hydrophis semperi), one of only two sea snake species
known to live in freshwater. The DA- Bureau of Fisheries
and Aquatic Resources counted 9,188 fish cages and
by other estimates, 11,000 fish cages in the lake as
against a recommended limit of 6,000 fish cages. In
2012, the use of legal measures such as the filing and
granting of Writ of Kalikasan (see related entry on the
Writ of Kalikasan in Box 2) for Taal Lake conservation
and the dismantling of fish cages helped reduce fish
cages to the desired limit of 6000. Moreover, the 10year management plan (2009-2018) for the TVPL was
approved in November 200934 with a vision of clean
water and surroundings, cared for by citizens who are
happy and economically secure relying on productive
resources and able management of the basin.
A similar trend has been observed in Lake Buhi, home of
the worlds smallest edible fish sinarapan (Mistichthys
luzonensis), where signs of its recovery have been
observed after a campaign to remove fish cages and
expand space for navigation and fish sanctuaries35.
At the Naujan Lake National Park in Oriental Mindoro,
10,000 individuals of tufted ducks Aythya fuligula used
the national park as a staging and wintering area.

Wetlands of international importance and critical habitats

In Palawan Province, the Puerto Princesa Subterranean
River National Park (PPSRNP) which was declared
as a UNESCO World Heritage Site (1999), a National
Geological Site (2003) and a New Seven Wonders of
Nature (2011), received another distinction in 2012 as
the fifth Wetland of International Importance or Ramsar
Site in the Philippines. This designation recognizes the
PPSRNP for its ridge to reef approach management
in maintaining the ecological integrity of the cave and
the underground river and ensures its protection and
sustainable use as one of the countrys rich wetlands
and ecotourism sites.
In Metro Manila, the Las Pias Paraaque Critical
Habitat and Ecotourism Area (LPPCHEA),an urban
wetland designated
as the first Critical Habitat
(for mangroves, mudflats and migratory birds) was
established by Presidential Proclamation No. 1412
in 2007 and 1412-A in 2008. It is also as the sixth
Wetland of International Importance for migratory birds
specifically for the Chinese egrets (Egrettaeulophotes)
and black-winged stilts (Himantopus himantopus). The
DENR has recorded 52 bird species in LPPACHEA36.

Other previously declared wetlands of international

importance or Ramsar sites are the Tubbataha Reefs
Natural Park (declared as a protected area under
the NIPAS by Republic Act No. 10067 in 2009) in
Cagayancillo, Palawan, Naujan Lake National Park in
Oriental Mindoro, the Olango Island Wildlife Sanctuary
in Cebu and the Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary in
Agusan del Sur. These sites provide several benefits
to nearby communities, among them sustenance
and livelihood from fisheries and ecotourism. In
2011, Lolong the worlds largest saltwater crocodile
(Crocodylus porosus) measuring 6.17 meters from
snout to tail and weighing 1,075 kilos, was caught in
Agusan Marsh and subsequently held captive and
displayed as a tourist attraction until its death in 2013.

32 Laguna Lake Development Authority. Laguna de Bay Environment Monitor 2011-2012. Quezon City, Philippines: LLDA, 2012.

Accessed November 2013. http://www.llda.gov.ph/dox/ldbem/2011-2012/LdBEM2011-2012_final.pdf

33 Id.
34 Taal Conservation Timeline is available at http://taal-lake-blag.blogspot.com/2012/10/taal-conservation-timeline.html, accessed

10 March 2014.

35 Escandor, J.J. et. al. Fewer fish cages revive Lake Buhi. Inquirer Southern Luzon, March 27, 2014. Accessed 10 May 2014,

http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/589277/fewer-fish-cages-help-revive-lake-buhi.

36 Department of Environment and Natural Resources. Framework Plan for the Coastal Lagoons of Las Pias and Paraaque.

18

Table 7 shows the list of critical habitats which have been proclaimed by Department Administrative
Orders and Presidential Proclamation as such to protect threatened wetland ecosystems and plant
species37. Of these critical habitats, three are inland wetlands.
Table 7.Proclaimed critical habitats, 2007 to 2012

Critical Habitat

1. Adams Wildlife Critical

Habitat (AWCH)
Adams town, Ilocos Norte

2. Carmen Critical Habitat

Carmen, Agusan del Norte
3. Malasi Tree Park and
Wildlife Sanctuary Critical
Habitat
San Antonio, Cabagan,
Isabela
4. Cabusao Wetland Critical
Habitat
Cabusao, Camarines Sur
5. Rafflesia
schadenbergiana Critical
Habitat
San Vicente, Baungon,
Bukidnon
6. Las Pias Paraaque
Critical Habitat and
Ecotourism Area
Las Pias Paraaque,
Metro Manila
Source: DENR-BMB, 2012

Legal Instrument
Number
Date

DAO No. 2013-23

Dec. 9, 2013

DAO No. 2012-08

Oct. 8, 2012

DAO No. 2012 - 01

DAO No. 2011 -10

Feb. 7, 2012

Aug. 23, 2011

Threatened Species
Philippine falconet, Phillippine
hanging parakeet, Philippine
brown deer, Philippine warty
pig, Northern Luzon cloud rat,
Jade vine, Giant tree ferns,
dipterocarp trees and other
threatened spp. of flora and
fauna
Marine turtles
Philippine Wild Duck (Anas
luzonica) and other Waterbird
Species

Philippine Wild Duck (Anas

luzonica)
Rafflesia schadenbergiana

DAO No. 2011 - 02

Feb. 23, 2011

Presidential
Proclamation No.
1412

Apr. 22, 2007

Presidential
Proclamation
No. 1412
A (Amending
Proclamation No.
1412)

Jan. 31, 2008

Waterbirds

37 DENR Biodiversity Management Bureau Wildlife Resources Division. Proclaimed critical habitats. Accessed March 21, 2014. http://

bmb.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=85:wildlife-conservation-facts-and-figures&catid=63:featuredconservation-area&Itemid=195

19

Box 2. A new legal weapon: the Writ of Kalikasan

Introduced in 2010 by the Philippine Supreme Court, the Writ of Kalikasan is a legal remedy
that the public could use in stopping practices deemed to be environmentally destructive.
It was designed to protect the constitutional right of the Filipino citizens to a balanced and
healthful ecology. Among the significant Writs of Kalikasan issued by Philippine courts are:
Agham Party List v. DMCI Holdings
Inc. et al

January 2014

Against the leveling of a mountain for mining purposes and

dumping of soil offshore to create a
man-made foreshore area (Zambales)

Syjuco et. al. v. National Irrigation

Authority et. al.

October 2013

Against the construction of a dam for irrigation purposes, with

provisions for hydro-electric power and bulk water supply
(Iloilo)

Greenpeace Southeast Asia

(Philippines) et. al. v. Environmental
Management Bureau et. al.

May 2013

Against the conduct of field trials for genetically modified

eggplant (Bt Talong)

Agham Party List v. LNL Archipelago

Minerals Inc

June 2012

Against the leveling of a mountain for mining activities

(Zambales)

Pimentel III et al v. Aquino et. al.

May 2012

Against large-scale black sand mining operations along the

coast (Ilocos and Pangasinan)

Bondoc et. al. v. Paje et. al.

February 2012

Against the conversion of a coastal area into a landfill for city

garbage (Bulacan)

Agham Party List v. Paje and Taal

Volcano Protected Landscape
Protected Area Management Board

February 2012

Against the further proliferation of fish cages in the Taal

Volcano Protected Landscape and rehabilitate the water quality
to standard levels (Batangas)

Hernandez v. Placer Dome Inc.

November 2010

In relation to the Marcopper mining disaster, to compel

rehabilitation of the land and waters severely polluted by mine
tailings (Marinduque)

In 2013, environmentalists, NGOs and Catholic

bishops filed a petition for Writ of Kalikasan
in connection with the grounding of the USS
Guardian, a US Navy minesweeper in the
Tubbataha Reef Natural Park, a UNESCO World
Heritage Site and is also listed as a Wetland
of International Importance under the Ramsar
Convention. The Supreme Court initially deferred
action on the petition. The ship was dismantled
and removed from the reef in March 2013.
Nonetheless, petitioners reiterated their call for
the issuance of the writ and a TEPO in 2014,
underscoring the extent of the damage to the
corals.

Marcopper spill - Marinduque

Photo by: AFP

Earlier, a Panamian vessel also ran aground

in the Bakud Reef in the protected seascape
of Saranggani Bay. Four hectares of reef was
damaged, with authorities estimating the value
of the damage at Php30 million to Php42 million,
including the harm done to the reef and the
marine services lost. The ship owners have
submitted a letter of guarantee and expressed
their willingness to pay the appropriate fines and
indemnity under Philippine laws.

Taal Lake Fish Cages

Photo by: Marlon Luistro

USS Guardian in Tubbataha

Photo by: US Embassy Manila

20

1.2.4 Urban biodiversity

Biodiversity is not so simply defined in urban
contexts, particularly in the Philippines. At the national
consultation for the Philippines Biodiversity Strategy
and Action Plan (PBSAP) in November 2013, it was
apparent that the scope of biodiversity in the city is not
as clearly defined as biodiversity in non-urban areas.
Unlike forest/mountain, agricultural, inland waters,
coastal and marine ecosystems, urban areaswhether
the metropolis, cities, or in municipalitiesdo not
appear exclusively in biodiversity literature nor feature
prominently in conservation discussions.
The inattention to urban biodiversity may partly be
shaped by the visible lack of habitable spaces in the
city for plant and animal species to thrive. Biologically
dead rivers, impermeable open spaces and polluted
stormwater canals are but a few reasons why cities are
inhospitable to biodiversity.
Given that almost two-thirds of the population in the
Philippines will be living in urban areas by 2030, it
is no longer practical to formulate a PBSAP without
connection to urban biodiversity. The anthropogenic
impact of failing biodiversity, regardless of geographic
area, will be most felt in urban and peri-urban areas
or urban fringes where people are concentrated. As
countries develop, urban biodiversity will make up a
growing proportion of the worlds biodiversity in the
future38.
In 2012, the ICLEI-Local Governments for Sustainability
produced an introductory Training Manual on
Mainstreaming Urban Biodiversity into local governance
as part of its Preparatory Research Project for Local
Action for Biodiversity Asia Initiatives. In the absence
of an official definition existing for urban biodiversity in
the Philippines, the concept of urban biodiversity was
defined based on the following:

As a result, urban biodiversity was defined as a

measure of natures biological diversity in urban
areas. Specifically, it refers to species and ecosystems
that are present within the built environment and is
heavily influenced by the economic, social and cultural
dynamics of urban areas. Urban biodiversity is often
managed/ co-managed by local governments39.Pilot
training was given to LGU representatives from the
cities of Baguio, Dagan, General Santos, Iloilo, Makati,
San Fernando, La Union and Quezon.
Current efforts relating to urban biodiversity are limited
to the provision of environmental management services,
such as maintaining acceptable water quality in major
waterways, managing solid waste and assessing
environmental impact of developments. While these
anthropogenic services are important, it is also critical
that the biodiversity, resources and ecosystem services
in urban- and peri-urban (or peripheral) areas are
studied, valued and restored.
There are already some pockets of urban biodiversity
conservation efforts in highly urbanized cities in Metro
Manila such as in the LLPCHEA in Las Pinas and
Paranaque cities, Ninoy Aquino Park and Wildlife Center
and La Mesa Ecopark in Quezon City, Arroceros Forest
Park in Manila and in some campuses of universities
and colleges throughout the country. While the concept
of urban biodiversity has been elaborated through the
Singapore City Biodiversity Index40, the country context
is still evolving. The updated PBSAP has identified it as
a new thematic area of focus.

1) CBD definition of biodiversity

2) ICLEI Local Action for Biodiversity definition
3) operational definition of urban areas in the
Philippines
4) 2004 definition of an urban area based on ask
resolution;
5) criteria for classifying cities as highly urbanized
cities

38 Faeth, S.H., C. Bang and S. Saari. Urban Biodiversity: Patterns and Mechanisms, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

1223 (2011) 6981. Accessed March 21, 2014. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05925.

39 International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives Local Governments for Sustainability. Introductory Course to

Mainstreaming Urban Biodiversity. 2012.

40 The Singapore City Biodiversity Index is a self-assessment tool to (i) assist national governments and local authorities in

benchmarking biodiversity conservation efforts in the urban context; and (ii) help evaluate progress in reducing the rate of
biodiversity loss in urban ecosystems. http://www.cbd.int/authorities/doc/User%27s%20Manual-for-the-City-BiodiversityIndex27Sept2010.pdf

21

1.2.5 Coastal and marine biodiversity

The Philippines holds the third largest reef area
in the world, a total area of 22,500 sq. km.,
representing 9% of the total coral reef area globally
(87). To date, 464 species of hard corals, 1,770
species of reef fish and 42 species of mangroves
are found in the country.
In 2002, overfishing was the largest threat to
coastal and marine biodiversity, particularly to coral
reefs, followed by destructive fishing practices.

In 2012, destructive fishing decreased however,

due to successful interventions on MPA and
fishery management in some sites. But even as
the destructive practices lessened, other threats
to coastal and marine biodiversity increased,
particularly sedimentation and pollution as a result
of inappropriate land use practices, irresponsible
mining practices, deforestation, improper waste
disposal and growth in coastal development and
populations41.

Coral reefs
Philippine reefs showed no major coral cover
decline, although there is an increasing trend
of poor reefs and <1% of reefs are in excellent
condition. From 2005 to 2010, coral cover
decreased in the Visayas Seas and Sulu Sea
regions while it increased in the West Philippines
Sea South Philippine Seas and Celebes Sea
regions. The Visayas Seas is considered at
high risk and warrants immediate concern and
conservation efforts42.
Many fish and other reef species and stable
levels of coral cover are reportedly often found
in protected areas. The Fisheries Code of 1998
mandated the establishment of no-take marine
protected areas (MPAs) in 15% of municipal
waters while the Marine Sanctuary Strategy 2004
envisioned 10% of coral reefs in no-take MPAs by
2020. More than a decade after, only 5 percent of
municipal waters are within MPAs, of which 0.5
percent are no-take areas. As of 2011, 28 MPAs
are under the NIPAS, and more than 1,000 small
MPAs are supported by local governments. In
terms of reducing fishing pressure, 25 MPAs have

been assessed as fully effective, two of which are

national marine PAs (Tubbataha Reefs Natural
Park and Apo Island) while the rest are local
MPAs. About 112 MPAs have been assessed
as partially effective and 61 are ineffective. In
total, only 7 % of coral reefs are inside MPAs,
with less than 1% in effectively managed MPAs,
2% in partially effective MPAs, 2% in ineffective
MPAs, and the remaining 3% in unrated MPAs43.
A study of species richness in 51 reef sites
in 17 municipalities and four biogeographic
regions (South China Sea or West Philippines
Sea,
Philippines, Sulu Sea and Visayas
Sea) showed that most reefs are still species
rich, but exhibited signs of depletion (e.g. low
abundance and biomass per unit area). Reef
fishes are dominated by small to medium bodied
species and families (e.g. damselfishes, fusiliers,
parrotfishes, wrasses, etc) and many largebodied species important to commerce and food
security are rarely found in many reefs in the
country44.

Mangroves
Mangrove cover has increased to 0.311 million
hectares in 2012 from 0.247 million hectares
in 2003 due to mangrove reforestation efforts.
Planted mangroves have reached up to more
than 44,000 hectares (Samson and Rollon, 2008,
Primavera et al., 2011 as cited in the SCTR
Philippines 2012). Several interventions have
been introduced to address forest biodiversity
loss, among them the Upland Development
Program (UDP) in 2009, the National Greening
Program (NGP) in 2011, the Integrated Coastal
Resources Management Project (ICRMP) for

mangroves
and several new and continuing
management programs for protected areas and
wildlife.
Support has also been provided to coastal
and marine biodiversity efforts through the
development and adoption of integrated coastal
resource management (ICRM) plans, MPA
management plans and biodiversity conservation
projects by 63 out of 80 local government units
(LGUs) toward sustainable management of
coastal resources45.

41 National Coral Triangle Initiative (CTI) Coordinating Committee. State of the Coral Triangle Report Philippines.
42

43
44
45

Jakarta,
Indonesia: Coral Triangle Initiative, 2012.
Magdaong, E., H. Yamano and M. Fujii. Development of a large scale long term coral cover database in the Philippines
Presentation given during the 2nd International PICES Symposium S7Coastal and low lying areas, South Korea on May 15,
2012.
Burke, Lauretta et al. Reefs at Risk Revisited in the Coral Triangle. Washington: World Resources Institute, 2012. Accessed
February 28, 2013. http://www.coraltriangleinitiative.org/sites/default/files/resources/Phi%20SCTR_web%20copy.pdf.
Anticamara, J.A. Status of the center of reef fish diversity (the Philippines) and its implications to existing conservation and
management. (undated),
Department of Environment and Natural Resources. Sustaining our Coasts: The Ridge-to-Reef Approach -- A Compilation of
Technical and Policy Papers: National Integrated Coastal Management Program (NICMP). Quezon City, Philippines: DENR
Integrated Coastal Resources Management Project (ICRMP), 2013.

22

1.3 Threats to Biodiversity46

Five major direct drivers of biodiversity loss were identified: 1) habitat loss and degradation; 2)
overexploitation and unsustainable use; 3) invasive alien species; 4) pollution and 5) climate change.
These drivers were identified based on several references on Philippine biodiversity, the consultations/
workshops made during the updating of the PBSAP 2011-2020 and by using the Pressure -StateBenefits-Response (PSBR) Framework adopted in the PBSAP updating process (Figure 12). Most
countries around the world have also similarly identified these direct drivers of biodiversity loss and
ecosystem changes as major challenges.47
Figure 12. PSBR Framework adopted in the updating of the PBSAP 2011-202048

Source: CBD, 2010.

Habitat loss and degradation cut across ecosystems

and impact on and influence each other due to
their interrelatedness and interconnectedness.
Overexploitation and unsustainable use, invasive
alien species, pollution and climate change all
contribute to habitat loss and degradation.
In forest and mountain ecosystems, habitat loss
and degradation is attributed to deforestation due
to forest-related practices (e.g. legal and illegal
logging, unsustainable agricultural practices
such as slash and burn or kaingin, forest fire),
infrastructure developments like mines and roads
and land conversion for human settlements,
including informal settlements.49 In agricultural
ecosystems, it is attributed to land use change
such as the conversion of agricultural lands to
residential; slash and burn or kaingin; pollution

due to the use of chemicals; introduction

of monocultures and agricultural practices
incompatible with the conservation of agricultural
biodiversity50.
In inland waters, many practices such as the
diversion of rivers for irrigation and construction of
dams for hydropower have changed the habitat of
riverine flora and fauna; migratory fish species and
invasive alien species have displaced indigenous
species. In urban ecosystems, increasing
population and development of urban areas
have contributed to fragmentation of previously
connected habitats. In coastal and marine
ecosystems, continuing coastal development,
marine-based
pollution,
sedimentation,
overfishing and destructive fishing contribute to
habitat loss and degradation.

46 In this Report, threats, drivers and pressures are used interchangeably, consistent with its usage in the formulation of the updated

PBSAP.

47 Reid, W. et al. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. Ecosystems and Human Well-being -- Synthesis. Washington: World

Resources Institute, 2005

48 Convention on Biological Diversity. Strategic Plan for Biodiversity (2011-2020). UNEP/CBD/SBSTTA/15/INF/6. Accessed March

21, 2014. http://www.cbd.int/doc/?meeting=sbstta-15; A flexible Pressure, State, Benefits, Response (PSBR)framework of

indicators has been proposed to report on the 20 Aichi targets at multiple scales.
Andres, Armida. Overview of the Philippine Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan Formulation Process. Presentation at the
49 National Consultation for the Updating of the PBSAP, Pasig City, Philippines, November 2013.
50 Global Environment Fund. Project Identification Form on RicePlus Dynamic Conservation and Sustainable Use of Agrobiodiversity in Rice-based Farming Systems of the Philippines.

23

In 2002, overfishing was the largest threat to coral

reefs, followed by destructive fishing practices.
In 2012, destructive fishing gradually decreased
while other threats, particularly sedimentation and
pollution increased as a result of inappropriate
land use practices, irresponsible mining practices,
deforestation (including illegal logging activities),
improper waste disposal, etc. increase.51
Other threats, particularly sedimentation and
pollution come from land-based domestic (e.g.
settlements), agricultural and industrial activities
(e.g. tourism) resulting from increasing population
and urbanization.5253
These drivers of biodiversity and ecosystem
service loss are further exacerbated by the
potential impacts of climate change, particularly
to vulnerable populations and ecosystems in the
country.

Indirect drivers have also been identified, among

them institutional factors, such as low economic
rent,
overlapping
government
mandates,
inconsistent policies, weak law enforcement and
lack of political will54. The impacts of both macroand micro-economic events, which may be out
of the governments control (e.g. international
financial crisis, increasing oil prices), cascade into
pressures for increased demand for biodiversity
products and conversion of land for commercial
and agricultural uses. Similarly, rapid population
growth, scientific and technology development,
and changes in cultural and religious values put
pressure towards resource use.55
An
integrated
ecosystems
management
approach to addressing drivers of biodiversity
and ecosystem changes in the uplands, lowlands,
urban and coastal and marine areas is expected
to result in the sustainable development of ENR
resources for economic and human well-being.

1.4 Impacts of changes in biodiversity for ecosystem services

and socioeconomic and cultural implications
Changes in biodiversity and ecosystem services can
have positive or negative impacts on the socio-cultural
and economic condition of the country. Individually
and collectively, the five major drivers of biodiversity
loss identified in the updated PBSAP- habitat loss,
overexploitation and unsustainable use, IAS, pollution
and climate change- have contributed to the reduction
in biodiversity and ecosystems goods and services.
These have consequently contributed to socio-cultural
and economic decline.
In 2011, President Benigno Aquino III issued EO 23
following the destruction of habitats and sanctuaries
of endangered species due to the continuing problem
of deforestation, which has also led to floods, soil

erosion and landslides that have claimed lives,

displaced families and damaged millions of pesos
worth of property. EO 23 declared a moratorium on
the cutting and harvesting of timber in natural and
residual forests nationwide, developed the NGP and
created the Anti-Illegal Logging Task Force.56 To some
extent, the moratorium has arrested forest denudation
and helped protect watersheds and river systems
supporting existing or proposed hydroelectric power
facilities, irrigation works or existing water facilities,
allowed natural regeneration of residual forests and
development of plantation forests, arrested pollution
and contamination of downstream ecosystems and
provided alternative sources of livelihood to affected
stakeholders.57

51 National Coral Triangle Initiative (CTI) Coordinating Committee. State of the Coral Triangle Report Philippines.
52
53
54
55

56
57

Jakarta,
Indonesia: Coral Triangle Initiative, 2012.
Burke, Lauretta et al. Reefs at Risk Revisited in the Coral Triangle. Washington: World Resources Institute, 2012. Accessed
February 28, 2013. http://www.coraltriangleinitiative.org/sites/default/files/resources/Phi%20SCTR_web%20copy.pdf.
Department of Environment and Natural Resources. Sustaining our Coasts: The Ridge-to-Reef Approach -- A Compilation of
Technical and Policy Papers: National Integrated Coastal Management Program (NICMP). Quezon City, Philippines: DENR
Integrated Coastal Resources Management Project (ICRMP), 2013.
Department of Environment and Natural Resources. Sustaining our Coasts: The Ridge-to-Reef Approach -- A Compilation of
Technical and Policy Papers: Mangrove Management. 2013.
La Via, et. al. Conserving Tropical Forests and Biodiversity for Human Development and Inclusive Growth. FAA 118/119 Report
Philippines Biodiversity and Tropical Forestry Analysis. United States Agency for International Development of the United States
Government, 2011.
Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philppines. Briefer on EO No. 23 s. 2011, declaring a national moratorium on logging
natural and residual forests. Accessed10 March 2014. http://www.gov.ph/2011/02/03/briefer-on-executive-order-no-23-s-2011declaring-a-national-moratorium-on-logging-natural-and-residual-forests/.
Executive Order No. 23, s. 2011. (1 February 2011), http://www.gov.ph/2011/02/01/executive-order-no-23-4/

24

In addition, many IP communities that occupy forest

lands - which are also their ancestral lands and
domains - are also directly impacted by changes in their
environment. The IP communities engage in traditional
practices and rely on resources found within. More
than EO 23 and the NGP, other interventions are being
undertaken by various stakeholders to address forest
biodiversity, ecosystems services loss and the needs
of communities dependent on resources found therein.
Many of these interventions recognize the interlinkages
and interrelationships of landscapes and adopt an
ecosystems-based or ridge-to reef approach in the
conservation and sustainable use of resources therein.
Changes in the coastal and marine ecosystems affect
about 78% of the 81 provinces and 56% of the 1,634
cities and municipalities in the country that are located
along coastal areas. Over 60% live in coastal areas
and are dependent on a healthy coastal and marine
environment for survival. The high population density
has attracted more economic activities, opportunities
and benefits such as industrial and urban development,
tourism and food production. However, these have
also contributed to coastal and marine degradation.58
Land-based domestic, agricultural and industrial
activities, overfishing, poaching and destructive fishing
practices have also produced pollutants. The decline
in biodiversity and ecosystem goods and services
(e.g. fisheries production, ecotourism) in associated
ecosystems, such as mangroves, coral reefs and
seagrasses has resulted to low productivity and less
yield; it also decreased revenues and incomes for
local governments, businesses (small, medium and
large enterprises) and small fisherfolks in affected
areas. Nonetheless, many policies and programs are
in place in some areas to curb these impacts, among
them restoration management and restocking, marketbased instruments like user fees for mangroves, coral
reefs and foreshore areas and resources rents of major
coastal habitats.59
IAS threats (impacts), as defined in the NISSAP,
are those matters or activities which, individually
or collectively, may constitute a biological risk to the
ecological welfare or to the well-being of humans,
animals or plants of a country.The impact of IAS on
forests, NIPAS sites, including critical habitats and
areas of high conservation value and on biodiversity
can be very serious and damaging, with ecological,

social and economic implications and consequences.

For example, forest plantations have been affected
by insect pests such as the Shoot borer (Hypsipyla
robusta) on mahogany, varicose borer on Bagras
(Agrilus exsignatus) and leaf skeletonizer (Hyblaea
puera) on teak (San Valentin, 2001). The Giant
African snail (Achatina fulica), Potato cist nematode
(Globodera rostochlensis) and Buff coconut mealy bug
(Nipaecoccus nipae) have affected crop plants, potato
farms, coconuts, bananas and other economically
important crops and forest species. The accidental
release of an exotic ornamental knife fish (Chitala
ornata) in Laguna de Bay has disrupted the natural
food chain and has contributed to the decline of
native and more valuable fish species in the Lake. In
marine waters, the white-spotted jellyfish (Phyllorhiza
punctate) believed to have been introduced through
ballast water, has threatened commercial fisheries by
feeding on eggs and larvae of fish, shrimps and crabs
and damaging fishing gears.60 The recently drafted
NISSAP is envisioned to address the impacts of the
introduction and management of IAS in the country
(see related entry on the NISSAP in Box 3).
The increase in extreme weather events brought by
global warming has also brought significant impacts.
From 2009 to 2013, several weather events have
wrought havoc to lives, properties, and the economy.
Tropical Storms Ondoy (international name Ketsana)
and Pepeng (Parma) in 2009 caused extensive
flooding, affecting over 9.3 million people (out of
an estimated population of 43.2 million living in the
affected regions) , with almost 1,000 lives lost, over 700
injured, 84 persons still missing and economic damage
and losses amounting to USD 4,383 million or 2.7% of
GDP. Together, Ondoy and Pepeng caused a total of
Php 3.8 billion in damage and Php 36.2 billion in losses
in the agriculture, fisheries and forestry sector.61 In
2011, Tropical Storm Sendong (Washi) caused massive
flooding and loss of lives and properties to Cagayan
de Oro City, Iligan City and other areas in Region X.
These areas are part of complex river systems linked to
six major watersheds. Tropical Storm Sendong claimed
1,268 lives, with 6,071 injured and 181 missing. The
total estimated damage for all sectors amounted to
PhP 12.09 million and total economic losses estimated
at Php1.24 billion. Total damage to agriculture was
estimated at PhP 445 million, losses at Php 650.73

58 National Coral Triangle Initiative (CTI) Coordinating Committee. State of the Coral Triangle Report Philippines.
59
60
61
62

Jakarta,
Indonesia: Coral Triangle Initiative, 2012.
Department of Environment and Natural Resources. Sustaining our Coasts: The Ridge-to-Reef Approach -- A Compilation of
Technical and Policy Papers: Mangrove Management. 2013.
DENR- Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau. The National Invasive Species Strategy and Action Plan. Quezon City, Philippines:
DENR-PAWB, 2013.
World Bank. Philippines - Typhoons Ondoy and Pepeng : Post-Disaster Needs Assessment - Main Report. 2011. Accessed 21
March 2014. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/2776
Office of Civil Defense, Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council Region X. Tropical Storm Sendong: PostDisaster Needs Assessment Final Report. 2012. Accessed 21 March 2014. http://www.recoveryplatform.org/assets/publication/
Final_PDNAReport_13June2012.pdf

25

million, with damage to crops, livestock, poultry and

fisheries estimated at PhP 287 million.62
In August
2012,
continuous heavy rains and
thunderstorms for eight days brought by habagat
or southwest monsoon flooded Metro Manila, the
provinces of Quezon, Cavite, Laguna, Rizal, Bulacan,
Pampanga and Bataan. It left 95 people dead,
destroyed 8,428 homes and caused losses worth about
Php 604.63 million (US$14.31 million), half of which is
from the agricultural sector. In December of the same
year, Tropical Storm Pablo (Bopha) hit 50 provinces,
especially the provinces of Davao Oriental and
Compostela Valley in Mindanao, affecting 6.2 million
people and leaving 1,067 persons dead, with 800
others reported missing. It also displaced over 835,000
people and caused an estimated USD830-million
damage to infrastructure and agriculture.63 Damage
to the agricultural sector was around USD 750 million,
with 60% of coconut trees in Davao Oriental and 23%
of banana plantations in Compostela Valley destroyed.
It also affected the livelihood of 80% of the population
employed in the sector. 64 In November 2013, Tropical
Storm Yolanda (Haiyan) ravaged Central Visayas,
affecting over 3.4 million families or over 16.0 million

individuals, with 6,300 dead, 28,689 injured, 1,061

missing and 890,895 families (4.09 million individuals)
displaced. Total damages were estimated at Php 89.59
billion, broken down into infrastructure (Php 9.58
billion), productive (Php 21.83 billion), social (Php 55.11
billion) and cross-sectoral (Php 3.07 billion).65
Many of the affected areas and people are poor
and rely on fishing and subsistence agriculture (e.g.
banana, coconuts, durian, rice, cacao, coffee, palm
oil and rubber), small livestock and poultry raising
and income from various labor opportunities (e.g. land
preparation, growing, processing, packing, transport,
etc. associated with the fisheries and agricultural value
chain). The multiplier effects of these climate hazards
on trade, industry and services (including on tourism)
and human health cannot be overemphasized.
Lessons from these weather and climate events noted
that all stakeholders need to be aware and to prepare
to adapt, mitigate and enhance resilience against the
effects of climate change through various approaches
that include building capacities, watershed or river basin
wide-planning, reforestation (including agroforestry and
urban forestry systems), low-carbon development and
diversified land use practices, income and livelihood.

United Nations - Office for Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA). Philippines (Mindanao) Humanitarian Action Plan
2013: Typhoon Bopha/Pablo Response An Action Plan For Recovery (Revision: January 2013).
64 United Nations - Office for Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA). 2013.Typhoon Bopha (Pablo)Humanitarian Handbook
Compostela Valley.
65 National Disaster Risk Reduction & Management Council (NDRRMC) Update as of April 17, 2014. Accessed from http://www.
ndrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/article/1177/Update%20Effects%20TY%20YOLANDA%2017%20April%202014.pdf on 18 April 2014.
63

26

Box 3. National Invasive Species Strategy

and Action Plan (NISSAP) 2015-2025

Photos from: IAS Project presentation, NISSAP report, Google images

The Philippines Fourth National Report to the CBD recognized the threats that Invasive Alien Species
(IAS) presented to biodiversity, especially in forest ecosystems, inland water ecosystems and to
agro biodiversity. A 2006 report submitted to the Asia-Pacific Invasive Species Network identified 16
potential IAS in the Philippines, with 10 higher plant species, 3 insect pests and 3 pathogens. The
need for a national framework to address the impacts of IAS was noted, and consultations to this end
were held in 2006 and 2009.
In 2013, a draft report was submitted to the Center for Agriculture and Bio-sciences International
(CABI) under the auspices of the UNEP/GEF Project Removing Barriers to Invasive Species
Management in Production and Protection Forests in Southeast Asia (Component 1). It reviewed
the enabling institutional, policy and regulatory frameworks that are relevant to IAS management in
the country and found that mechanisms to halt biodiversity loss by preventing and controlling IAS are
almost non-existent. Any available guidelines in the areas of wildlife, forestry, agriculture, fisheries,
PAs, ecotourism and environmental regulations were found to be inadequate, fragmented, or poorly
implemented.
This Report seconded the need for a clear, integrated, and multi-sectoral IAS management strategy
and action plan which led to the drafting of a National Invasive Species Strategy and Action Plan
(NISSAP). The draft NISSAP proposes a set of guidelines, and a total 16 objectives and 84 planned
actions for nine goals:
1. Leadership and Coordination to establish leadership and strengthen collective action
in the implementation of NISSAP and to adapt the management of IAS in light of new and
emerging scientific information;
2. Prevention to stop the entry and new introductions of IAS, as the first-line of defense;
3. Early detection and rapid response to identify, report, and promptly respond to newly
introduced IAS by eradicating or containing them before they become widespread;
4. Control and Management to reduce the impacts of widespread IAS by containing and
reducing the spread of invasive populations and minimizing their harmful effects;
5. Restoration to rehabilitate areas (in particular areas of high biodiversity value) where IAS
have been contained or eradicated;
6. Research and Information Management to generate basic and applied scientific
knowledge about IAS problems, provide policy advice to efficiently control and manage IAS,
and generate online database and information exchange program;
7. Education and Public Awareness to promote better and broader understanding and
awareness of the threats of IAS and foster stakeholder support for the implementation of the
NISSAP;
8. International Cooperation to strengthen the role of the Philippines in meeting its
commitments to international treaties, agreements, etc., urging for technical and financial
support to enhance national capacities and capabilities to implement the NISSAP; and,
9. Training Needs and Capacity Building- to strengthen the technical and management
capacities of relevant government units, at the national and local levels, as well as concerned
stakeholders in implementing the NISSAP.
When completed, the NISSAP will be integrated into the PBSAP and complemented by enhanced
financial, scientific and technical capacities for more effective implementation.

27

CHAPTER 2
Philippine Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan
(PBSAP): Implementation and Mainstreaming
2.1 The PBSAP and its Iterations
The earlier versions of the PBSAP were
referred to as the National Biodiversity Strategy
and Action Plan or NBSAP (1997) and the
Philippine Biodiversity Conservation Priorities
or PBCP (2002), described in more detail in
the sub-sections below. Implementation of the
NBSAP (1997) encountered difficulties due
to the following: a) lack of clear institutional
arrangements, defined tasks, sources of funds
and a monitoring and evaluation system; b) lack
of time-bound objectives, specific targets and
indicators, geographic recommendations and
priority areas for actions; c) lack of a database and
information sharing system; and d) limited staff
and capacities.66 While the PBCP (2002) provided
strong spatial reference, its implementation was
also stalled by the absence of an implementing
mechanism and targets for monitoring.67

Legal
instruments
have
mandated
the
mainstreaming of the NBSAP into development
planning. However, many of the NBSAP and
PBCP strategies have been reflected mainly in
the environment and natural resources programs,
plans and activities, and less in other sectoral
plans. Moreover, many of these interventions
have been projected and not fully integrated into
the strategic planning process.68
The current version of the PBSAP has sought to
address the weaknesses of the previous versions
by ensuring that indicators and targets are set,
that a monitoring and evaluation system is in place
and that an implementation plan that defines the
priority actions, stakeholders, roles and tasks,
timeframe, funding sources and a coordination
management framework are in order.

2.1.1 National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan, 1997 (1st PBSAP)
The 1st PBSAP was approved by President
Fidel V. Ramos in 1997 through Malacaang
Memorandum Order No. 289 for integration
into the sectoral plans and programs of various
government agencies. It identified six strategic
actions based on a comprehensive assessment
of the status of the Philippine biodiversity as well
as of the principal problems, threats, issues and
gaps confronting biodiversity conservation.
The six strategic actions are 1) expanding and
improving knowledge on the characteristics, uses,
and values of biological diversity; 2) enhancing

and integrating existing and planned biodiversity

conservation efforts with emphasis on in-situ
activities; 3) formulating an integrated policy
and legislative framework for the conservation,
sustainable use and equitable sharing of the
benefits of biological diversity; 4) strengthening
capacities for integrating and institutionalizing
biodiversity conservation and management;
5)
mobilizing an integrated information,
education and communication (IEC) system for
biodiversity conservation; and 6) advocating
stronger international cooperation on biodiversity
conservation and management.69

66 Id.
67 Andres, Armida. Overview of the Philippine Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan Formulation Process. Presentation at the

National Consultation for the Updating of the PBSAP, Pasig City, Philippines, November 2013.

68 Draft Chapter 6. Implementation Plan of the PBSAP 2014-2025

69 Andres, Armida. Overview of the Philippine Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan Updating Process. Presentation given at

the Visayas Regional Consultation for the Updating of the PBSAP, Cebu City, Philippines, 28 August 2013.

28

2.1.2 Philippine Biodiversity Conservation Priorities, 2002 (2nd PBSAP)

The Philippine Biodiversity Conservation Priorities
(PBCP) was developed through the participation of
scientists and decision makers from more than 100
local and international institutions which resulted
in a broad-based consensus on six strategic
actions and 206 conservation priority areas and
species conservation priorities. These six strategic
and critical actions included: 1) harmonizing
research with conservation needs; 2) enhancing
and strengthening the protected area system; 3)
effectively implementing the biodiversity corridors
approach; 4), institutionalizing monitoring and
evaluating systems; 5) developing a national
constituency for biodiversity conservation and 6)

advocating stronger international cooperation on

biodiversity conservation.
The 206 biodiversity conservation priority areas
identified by the PBCP were grouped according
to major thematic groups (plants, arthropods,
herpetofauna,
birds,
mammals,
inland
waters, mangroves, seagrasses, seaweeds,
corals, molluscs, elasmobranchs, reef fishes,
whalesharks, turtles, cetaceans and dugongs).
In addition, 19 terrestrial and inland biodiversity
corridors were also identified, covering larger,
interconnected networks of protected areas and
their surrounding land.70

2.1.3 Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) - Terrestrial (2006) and Marine (2009)
Shortly after, the KBA approach was adopted in
2006 as a framework for identifying fine-scale
conservation priorities in the Philippines.71
The concept is part of a global initiative which
focuses on the conservation of a site-specific
habitat or range, considering the irreplaceability
and vulnerability of the species found in that
area.72 Formal adoption of the framework was
done in 2006 through Executive Order 578
which directed the DENR to formulate guidelines
for the establishment of Critical Habitats and
KBAs.73 Identification of KBAs took off from the
206 Biodiversity Conservation Areas identified
in the PBCP and the 117 Important Bird Areas
(IBAs) identified by the Haribon Foundation and
Birdlife International. One hundred twenty eight
KBAs were identified for 209 globally threatened
and 419 endemic species of freshwater fishes,
amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals, as well
as 62 species of congregatory birds.74 From these
sites, 10 were labeled Alliance for Zero Extinction
(AZE) sites, where safeguarding was of a higher
priority than the other areas.75
To identify KBAs in both terrestrial and marine
areas, vulnerability and irreplaceability of species
were considered as criteria. The 2004 IUCN
Red List was used to determine vulnerability
in terrestrial KBAs and the 2008 IUCN Red List
informed the identification of marine KBAs.

A finding of Irreplaceability was triggered by

the confirmed presence of geographically
concentrated species.76
The KBA approach refined the identification of
conservation priority areas in the PBCP. The
conservation priority areas covered large areas
and were identified without considering their
management potential or quantitative data to
show the presence of target species needing
conservation action. By contrast, the KBA
approach made use of recent spatially referenced
and validated information. It likewise enabled the
identification of gaps in the national protected
areas system by highlighting that KBAs do not
necessarily overlap with protected areas.77
The KBAs increased from 128 to 228 with the
addition of marine KBAs in 2009. Today, the
area covered by KBAs total 10,565,192.87
hectares with terrestrial KBAs covering an area
of 6,169,856.00 hectares and marine KBAs an
area of 4,395,336.87. Only 3,644,413 hectares or
34.82% of these KBAs are within protected areas.
78
Institutional mechanisms to conserve KBAs
outside protected areas (e.g. forest lands, nonNIPAS areas and ancestral domains) remain a
challenge, but innovative governance approaches
such as co-management and community
conserved areas could address this need.79

70 Ong, P., LE Afuang and RG Rosel-Ambal, eds. Philippine Biodiversity Conservation Priorities: A Second Iteration of the Philippine National
Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan. Quezon City, Philippines: DENR-PAWB, Conservation International Philippines, Biodiversity Conservation
Program University of the Philippines Center for Integrative and Development Studies and Foundation for the Philippine Environment, 2002.
71 Conservation International Philippines et al. Priority Sites for Conservation in the Philippines: Key Biodiversity Areas. Philippines: Quezon City, 2006.
72 Sinha, C. and L. Heaney. Philippine Biodiversity: Principles and Practice. Quezon City, Philippines: Haribon Foundation, 2006.
73 Executive Order 578, s. 2006. (8 November 2006), http://www.gov.ph/2006/11/08/executive-order-no-578/
74 Id
75 Id
76 Ambal R. G. R., M.V. Duya, M. A. Cruz, O.G. Coroza, S.G. Vergara, N. De Silva, N. Molinyawe, B. Tabaranza, Key Biodiversity Areas in the Philippines:
Priorities for Conservation, Journal of Threatened Taxa 4:8 (2012). Accessed 21 March 2014. http://threatenedtaxa.org/ZooPrintJournal/2012/
August/o299506viii122788-2796.pdf
77 Id 2793
78 DENR Biodiversity Management Bureau. PAWB Cue Cards FY 2014. Presentation from the DENR Biodiversity Management Bureau.
79 Guiang, E.S. and G.C. Braganza. National Management Effectiveness and Capacity Assessment of Protected Areas in the Philippines: Draft Report.
Manila, Philippines: GIZ, 2014.

29

2.1.4 Philippine Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan 2014-2025

(updated PBSAP)
In August 2012, the Philippines received a grant
from the Global Environment Facility (GEF) to fund
actions to integrate the Philippines obligations
under the CBD into its national development
and sectoral planning frameworks through a
renewed and participative biodiversity planning
and strategizing process in a manner that is in line
with the global guidance contained in the CBDs
Strategic Plan for 2011-2020.80
Among the deliverables under this grant is an
updated PBSAP prepared through comprehensive
stakeholder consultations. The updated PBSAP is
to be complemented by Action Plans to: 1) raise
awareness on biological diversity; 2) integrate
the value of biodiversity into national and local
development and poverty reduction strategies
and planning processes, including national
accounting and reporting systems; 3) implement
the Program of Work on Protected Areas, including
increased protection and landscape-seascape
connectivity; 4) prevent extinctions of globally

threatened species; 5) strengthen ecosystem

resilience and the contribution of biodiversity
to carbon stocks, including the restoration of at
least 15% of degraded ecosystems; 6) identify
cost estimates and funding sources and negotiate
funding mechanisms to effectively implement
the PBSAP; and 7) mainstream gender equality
into the PBSAP and its implementation.81 Other
documents to support the updated PBSAP include
a Framework Agreement among key institutions
on information sharing on the status of Philippine
biodiversity and a Reporting and Monitoring
Framework.
In updating the PBSAP, the DENR-BMB created
a Project Steering Committee (PSC) chaired by
the DENR and co-chaired by NEDA. A Technical
Working Group (TWG), which is chaired by
the Assistant Director of the DENR-BMB, was
also established to oversee and manage the
consultation process and provide technical inputs,
if and when necessary. Table 8 shows the full
composition of the PSC and TWG.

Table 8.Management of the PBSAP updating process.

PBSAP Project Steering Committee

Project Technical Working Group

Chair: DENR Undersecretary for Staff Bureaus

Chair: Assistant Director, DENR-PAWB

Co-Chair: NEDA Deputy Director General

Members: Senior technical staff from NEDA,

UNDP, DBM, DA-BFAR, CCC, NCIP, PCW,
ACB, DENR-PAWB, DENR-FMB, DENRMGB, DENR-PPSO, DENR-FASPO, Partner
Academe, Partner NGOs

Members: UNDP, DSWD, DBM, DA-BFAR, CCC,

NCIP, PCW, Haribon, DENR-PAWB, DENR-FMB,
DENR-MGB, DENR-PPSO, DENR-FASPO
Source: Draft PBSAP 2014-2025

Updating PBSAP entailed comprehensive consultations with government agencies, experts in the fields
of biodiversity and ENR management, civil society organizations, private sector and communities on the
ground. To allow for a more inclusive process, 5 of these consultations were held at the regional level
while a national consultation was held in Metro Manila to validate the results of the regional activities
(Table 9). These consultations were supplemented by focus group discussions (FGDs) with experts on
various special topics, including on agricultural biodiversity and marine and coastal biodiversity.

80 Andres, Armida. Overview of the Philippine Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan Formulation Process. Presentation at the

National Consultation for the Updating of the PBSAP, Pasig City, Philippines, November 2013.

81 Id

30

Table 9.PBSAP stakeholder consultations.

Consultations

Date

Place

Northern and Central Luzon

June 2013

Baguio City

National Capital Region and

Southern Luzon

July 2013

Manila

Visayas

August 2013

Cebu City

Northern Mindanao

September 2013

Cagayan de Oro City

Southern Mindanao

October 2013

Davao City

National

November 2013

Pasig City

Figure 13 shows the process undertaken by the DENR-BMB in updating the PBSAP.
In summary, the evolution of the PBSAP from 1997 to 2013 shows commonalities in strategic goals,
namely: knowledge generation and management, in-situ conservation (e.g. PAs, KBAs, natural
habitats), policy and legislation, IEC, capacity building, advocacy and collaboration, thematic programs,
operational objectives and cross-cutting strategies (Figure 14), with a new focus on thematic areas
relevant to agrobiodiversity, urban biodiversity and genetic resources in the updated PBSAP (Figure
15).

Figure 13. PBSAP planning process

31

32

Figure 14. NBSAP Strategic Priorities, 1997 and 2002.

Figure 15. Updated PBSAP Strategic Priorities, 2014-2025.

The updated PBSAP is anchored on three major ecosystems (terrestrial, freshwater, and marine) and
three thematic areas (agrobiodiversity, urban biodiversity and genetic resources). Nine priority strategies
were identified, with 41 direct and supporting actions addressing 20 Aichi strategic targets, proposed
timeframe, responsible agencies, monitoring partnerships, and projected costs of actions in the plan
(see Annex 2).82

82 DENR Biodiversity Management Bureau. 2014. Philippine Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) 2014-2025.

33

2.2 Biodiversity targets

The 4th National Report noted the difficulties
posed by the absence of nationally agreed
baselines, targets and indicators in assessing the
countrys progress toward meeting the 2010
83
biodiversity target. The updated PBSAP 20142025 provides opportunities to address this gap
and define and agree on national baselines,
targets and indicators.
A scanning of policies, programs and projects
formulated and implemented by and/or in
cooperation with national and local governments,
developmentalpartners,civilsocietyorganizations,
private sector and local communities showed that
even prior to the completion of the updated PBSAP,
targets and indicators have been set in various

policy and planning documents and in various

programs and projects that somehow address the
Aichi Biodiversity Targets. However, the collective
outcome and impacts of these policies, programs
and projects have not been measured. At the
national level, the DENR-BMB is undertaking steps
for harmonization and complementation across
sectors and geographical areas in order to
maximize resources, outcomes and impacts.

The updated PBSAP has made a conscious

effort to set as its ultimate goal conformity to the
Aichi Biodiversity Goals and Targets. Annex 3
shows the draft national targets and indicators
84
identified for some priority strategies.

2.3 Actions to implement and mainstream the PBSAP

The President is expected to issue an Executive
Order directing government agencies and the
private sector to mainstream the updated PBSAP
into their respective plans and programs.
Many opportunities for mainstreaming biodiversity
and ecosystems services into decision-making
processes occur at all levels of governance-

global, national, local and site levels. Intersecting

entry points for mainstreaming include national
and subnational policies and plans, economic
and fiscal incentives, sector plans and policies
85
and governance.
The Philippines has developed and implemented
initiatives at each of these entry points, as
summarized in Table 10.

83 Republic of the Philippines. Assessing Progress Towards the 2010 Biodiversity Target: The 4th National Report to the

Convention
on
Biological
Diversity.
Accessed
February
15,
http://www.ph.undp.org/content/philippines/en/home/library/environment_ energy/4th-national-report-biodiversity/
84 DENR Biodiversity Management Bureau. 2014. Philippine Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) 2014-2025.
85

2014.

Ranganthan, J. et al. Ecosystem Services: A Guide for Decision Makers. Washington: World Resources Institute, 2008. Accessed

February 15, 2014. http://www.wri.org/sites/default/files/pdf/ecosystem_services_guide_for_decisionmakers.pdf

34

Table 10. Entry points to mainstreaming the PBSAP into planning and development processes.

Entry Point

National and
Subnational
Policies, Programs
and Plans

Department/Agency/
Organization

Examples of policies, programs, plans and projects

Development and
planning

Land-use policies, planning and development, poverty reduction

strategies, (e.g. Philippine Development Plan 2011-2016,
Regional Development Plan, Provincial Physical Framework and
Development Plan,
City/Municipal Comprehensive Land Use and Development Plans)

Environment

Protected area creation(e.g. Republic Act Nos. 10067,

9847,10629); climate adaptation and mitigation strategies [National
Framework Strategy on Climate Change 2010-2022 (NFSCC),
National Climate Change Action Plan 2011-2028 (NCCAP), Local
Climate Change Action Plans]

Treasury

National and local budgets, public expenditure reviews [e.g.

General Appropriations Act, Regional/Provincial/City/Municipal
Investment Plans, Climate Public Expenditure and Institutional
Review (CPEIR)]

Physical planning,
emergency planning, and
response

Integrated ecosystem management of coasts, river basins,

watersheds [e.g. Integrated River Basin Management and
Development Master Plan (for 18 major river basins), Provincial/
City/Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plans]

Finance
Economic and
fiscal incentives
Budget

Commerce and industry

Sector Policies,
Programs, and
Plans

Governance

Subsidies, tax credits, payments for ecosystem services, import

duties, and tariffs
Tax policies to support easements or promote alternative energy
technology, pricing regulations for water
Corporate codes of conduct/standards, certification and incentive
systems [e.g. for biodiversity-friendly business plans , codes of
conduct for aquaculture practices and responsible fisheries, LGU
Environment Codes, National Ecotourism Strategy and Action Plan
(2013-2022)]

Science and technology

Biosafety and biotechnology standards, access and benefit sharing

Agriculture

Traditional and indigenous practices, certification schemes,

action plans [e.g. National Action Plan to Combat Desertification,
Land Degradation and Drought (2010-2020); Globally Important
Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS)]

Biodiversity, Forestry,
Environment and Natural
Resources

State of the environment reports, action plans (e.g. Cave Action

Plan 2011-2016, National Wetlands Action Plan 2011-2016,
Biodiversity Partnerships Project (BPP); New Conservation Areas
in the Philippines Project (New CAPP);Biodiversity+ Watershed
Improved Services for Stronger Economy and Ecosystem
Resilience (B+WISER)]

President, Department
Secretaries,
justice departments,
legislature,
local government bodies

Decentralization policies, civil society participation, , access

to information and decisions, judicial reforms (e.g. Rules of
Procedures for Environmental Cases)

Adapted From: World Resources Institute. 2008. Ecosystem Services: a Guide for Decision Makers.

35

2.3.1 National and Subnational Policies, Programs and Plans

National and subnational policies and directives guide local level priorities and program implementation.

Philippine Development Plan (PDP) 2011-2016

The PDP 2011-2016 details the strategies, programs and projects that the country sets out to accomplish
during the term of the incumbent president. It adopts a framework of inclusive growth, or sustained
growth that creates jobs, draws the majority into the economic and social mainstream and continuously
reduces mass poverty. By highlighting the protection and conservation of biodiversity as a special area
of concern, the PDP acknowledges the threats to the countrys natural resource wealth and uses this
to inform priority actions to implement. To achieve the goal of improved protection and conservation of
biodiversity, the PDP enumerates the following strategies:
Conserve, preserve and manage protected areas, wildlife and their habitats;
Prepare Protected Area Management Plans incorporating vulnerability and adaptability of sectors
to disaster risk reduction and climate change;
Institute and operationalize the concept of Payment for Environmental Services; and
Continue implementing international commitments on biodiversity conservation, protection and
rehabilitation.86
Biodiversity conservation is also considered in other chapters of the PDP. These include the chapters
on Agriculture and Fisheries and Social Development, which include strategies for ecosystems-based
management for increased resilience and better environmental management in Indigenous Peoples
Ancestral Domains.87

Local Land Use and Development Plans

As early as 2006, the Philippines had already
taken steps toward mainstreaming by integrating
principles of environmental stability and ecological
integrity in the process of preparing Provincial/
City/Municipal Comprehensive Land Use Plans
(CLUP). The guide prepared by the Housing and
Land Use Regulatory Board (HLURB) likewise
provided for a participatory approach to CLUP
preparation, with detailed area-specific plans
such as coastal management plans, waste
management plans, forest land use plans, heritage
preservation plans incorporated into the CLUP.88
At the national level, a draft bill providing for the
crafting of a National Land Use Plan is currently
pending before Congress. This draft policy
proposes the creation of a National Physical
Framework Plan which categorizes land resources
according to those for Protection, Production,
Settlements Development and Infrastructure
Development. The President certified this bill as
urgent in 2013.89

Meanwhile, to better mainstream the concepts

of biodiversity conservation at the local level,
the DENR-BMB has partnered with the HLURB
to prepare guidelines to integrate biodiversity
into CLUPs with assistance from the GEFUNDP Project on Partnerships for Biodiversity
Conservation: Mainstreaming in Local Agricultural
Landscapes or the Biodiversity Partnerships
Project (BPP). This Project runs from 2010 to 2016
and addresses fragmentation of PAs and KBAs
by making certain that activities in the production
landscape conserve species assemblages and
maintain ecosystem functions.90.
To accomplish this, the capacity of LGUs has been
given special attention with the view of enabling
them to plan and manage economic activities
and growth in ways that meet landscape-level
biodiversity conservation and sustainable use
objectives in critical eco-regions.91 Capacity
building is supplemented by tools such as

86 National Economic Development Authority. Biodiversity Conservation in the Philippine Development Plan 2011-2016.

Presentation given at the Visayas Regional Consultation for the Updating of the PBSAP, Cebu City, Philippines, 28 August 2013.

87 Id
88 Housing Land Use and Regulatory Board. A Guide to Comprehensive Land Use Preparation Vol. 1. Quezon City, Philippines:

HLURB, 2006. Accessed November 2013. http://old.hlurb.gov.ph/uploads/agency-profile/lgu/brief-description.pdf

89 Casauay, Angela. Aquino Certifies National Land Use Act as Urgent. Rappler, 2 February 2013. Accessed March 12, 2014.

http://www.rappler.com/nation/20929-aquino-certifies-national-land-use-act-as-urgent.

90 United Nations Development Program. Partnerships for Biodiversity Conservation:

Mainstreaming in Local Agricultural

Landscapes/ Biodiversity Partnerships Project. Accessed March 3, 2014. http://www.ph.undp.org/content/philippines/en/home/
operations/projects/environment_and_energy/Biodiversity-Partnerships-Project/
91 Id

36

biodiversity overlays for land use plans to delineate

corridors and buffer zones, fiscal and economic
tools to promote biodiversity conservation,
local tax incentives for biodiversity-friendly
business development and financing and market
incentives.92 In addition, land use management
options to conserve biodiversity have been
recommended, among them the: a) assessment
of the long-term implications of existing land uses
on PAs, KBAs and critical habitats; b) integration
of PA zoning with CLUP zoning; c) zoning of KBAs
and critical habitats as part of CLUP zoning; d)
monitoring of KBAs and critical habitats and
limiting agriculture and settlements to multiple
use zones; and, e) relocation of incompatible
land uses within and in the periphery of critical
habitats, KBA protection areas and PA core or
strict protection zone.93

The project is being implemented in collaboration

with the DA, DILG, Department of Trade and
Industry (DTI), National Commission of Indigenous
People (NCIP), Department of Tourism (DOT),
Philippine Commission on Women (PCW),
League of Provinces, Cities and Municipalities,
Conservation International (CI) Philippines,
Haribon Foundation, Flora and Fauna International
(FFI), Philippine Eagle Foundation (PEF),
Lake Mainit Development Alliance (LMDA) and
Philippine Biodiversity Conservation Foundation,
Inc. (BCFI) and LGUs in 8 project sites. These
sites include the Magapit Protected Landscape in
Cagayan province, Quirino Protected Landscape
in Quirino province, Mt. Siburan in Mindoro,
Malampaya Sound, Central Panay Mountains,
Northern Negros National Park, Lake Mainit in
Surigao del Norte and Mt. Hamiguitan in Davao
Oriental. These span 700,000 hectares in 5 biogeographic regions.

National Framework Strategy on Climate Change 2010-2022 (NFSCC)

and National Climate Change Action Plan 2011-2028 (NCCAP)
The NFSCC 2010-2022 was formulated pursuant
to the Climate Change Act of 2009. It is the
roadmap for a national program on climate change
and establishes an agenda, which is further
elaborated in the National Climate Change Action
Plan (NCCAP).94 Broadly, the NFSCC sets out
the national goal for climate change: to build the
adaptive capacity of communities and increase
the resilience of natural ecosystems to climate
change and optimize mitigation opportunities
towards sustainable development.95

The NCCAP outlines seven strategic priorities

to achieve this goal: 1) food security; 2) water
sufficiency; 3) environmental and ecological
stability; 4) human security; 5) sustainable
energy; 6) climate-smart industries and services;
and 7) knowledge and capacity development.
Recognizing that climate change will bring about
additional adverse impacts to ecosystems,
the NCCAP has prioritized the protection and
rehabilitation of ecosystems and the restoration of
ecological services.96

Five outcomes are expected to achieve this objective:

1) Climate Change mitigation and adaptation strategies for key ecosystems developed and implemented
2) Management and conservation of PAs and KBAs improved
3) Environmental laws strictly implemented
4) Capacity for integrated ecosystem-based management approach in PAs and KBAs enhanced
5) Natural resource accounting institutionalized.97

92 Mercene, Renato. Multi-sector Partnership Crucial in Eco-Conservation. Business Mirror, 21 November 2012. Accessed

93
94
95
96
97

February 25, 2014. http://businessmirror.com.ph/index.php/en/news/nation/3697-multi-sector-partnership-crucial-in-ecoconservation

Id
Philippines -- Climate Change Commission. National Framework Strategy on Climate Change 2010-2022.
Id, 16
Philippines -- Climate Change Commission. National Climate Change Action Plan 2011-2028. Accessed March 10, 2014. http://
adaptationmarketplace.org/data/library-documents/NCCAP_TechDoc.pdf
Id, 9

37

2.3.2 Economic and Fiscal Incentives

Balancing biodiversity conservation with the
needs of local communities for subsistence and
livelihood is key for effective and sustainable
national resource management. Philippine
policies and programs allow for opportunities
to provide local communities with sustainable

sources of funds for PA management and support

for biodiversity-friendly livelihood activities.
Because of these, communities are incentivized
to protect biodiversity in their areas to maintain
the ecosystem services that they provide.

National Framework Strategy on Climate Change 2010-2022 (NFSCC)

and National Climate Change Action Plan 2011-2028 (NCCAP
The IPAF is a mechanism created under the NIPAS
Act to provide a source of funding for the continued
protection, maintenance and management of the
PA. It is derived from taxes from the permitted
sale and export of flora and fauna and other
resources from within the PA, proceeds from the
multiple use areas, contributions from industries
and facilities and other fees. The IPAF seeks to

address uncertainty in competing for national

appropriation and ensures that the revenues
raised from the site will be invested back to protect
it.98
Twenty years since the passage of the NIPAS Act,
the IPAF collection has reached Php220 million,
with majority of the funds coming from top-earning
PAs (Table 11).

Table 11. IPAF collection from top-earning PAs.

IPAF Collection (PhP)

IPAF Collection
(USD)

Ninoy Aquino Parks and Wildlife

Nature Center

78,522,680.00

1,869,587.00

Apo Island Protected Landscape/

Seascape

35,420.594.05

843,347.00

Hinulugang Taktak National Park

13,023,843.00

310,091.00

Lower Agno Watershed Forest

Reserve

11,574,963.00

275,594.00

Upper Agno River Basin

10,625,000.00

252,976.00

Apo Reef Marine Reserve

10,496,877.00

249,976.00

Taon Strait Protected Seascape

9,330,454.75

222,153.00

Manleluag Hot Spring

5,111,352.17

121,698.00

Mt. Pulag National Park

4,820,707.53

114,778.00

Biak-na-Bato National Park

4,608,975.00

109,737.00

Protected Area

Source: UNDP et al. 2012. Communities in Nature: State of Protected Areas Management in
the Philippines

98 United Nations Development Program et al. Communities in Nature: State of Protected Areas Management in the Philippines.

Philippines: DENR-PAWB, 2012.

38

As of December 2013, a total of PhP 282.8 million

has been deposited to the IPAF. Seventy-five
percent or PhP 212.1 million has accrued to the
IPAF Sub-Fund or that which can be accessed
by depositing PAs while 25% or PhP 70.7 million
has been deposited to the Central IPAF which
is available to non-revenue generating PAs and/
or for activities benefitting PAs. A review of IPAF
collections, procedures and status of all 240 PAs

undertaken by the GEF-UNDP NewCAPP showed

that the IPAF implementation from 1992 to2012
has been problematic. Only 62% or 149 of the 240
PAs have IPAF sub-funds, and only 66% of the
149 PAs are able to generate revenues. The low
income is attributed to low user and development
fees. Table 12 shows the IPAF revenues as of
December 2013.

Table 12. IPAF revenues as of December 2013

IPAF Fund

Income (PhP)

Central IPAF

70,692,669

PA Sub-Fund

212,078,006

Total IPAF

282,770,674

Source: DENR-BMB

Linkages have been established with the

Department of Budget and Management (DBM)
and Bureau of Treasury (BTr) to streamline and
strengthen IPAF access and utilization and
draft an IPAF Handbook to guide Protected
Area Superintendents in setting up, accessing,

recording, reporting and monitoring IPAF

collections. In September 2013, Republic Act
10629 was passed allowing retention of 75%
of IPAF revenues generated by PAs. A joint
DBM-DENR Memorandum Circular providing
implementation guidelines for this new policy is
being drafted.

Reducing PA Funding Gap through Business Planning and Innovative

Financing Mechanisms
Development of biodiversity-friendly business
plans and new livelihood activities at the community
level have been prioritized in PAs and KBAs. Under
the GEF-UNDP Partnerships for Biodiversity
Project, biodiversity-friendly businesses were
documented in two demonstration sites in Mt.
Siburan in Occidental Mindoro and Mt. Hamiguitan
in Davao Oriental.
Under the Sustainable
Financing of Protected Areas Project of the
World Bank-DENR National Program Support for
Environment and Natural Resource Management

Program (NPS-ENRMP), 18PA Business Plans

were developed to help generate revenues,
which include options to implement Payment for
Ecosystem Services (PES) schemes necessary
to sustain PA management. A total of PhP 2.6
billion was estimated as investment requirement
for 18 PA Business Plans of which only PhP 553.6
million is expected to be generated. Table 13
shows several financing mechanisms designed
and pilot-tested in specific PAs.

39

Table 13. Financing mechanisms pilot-tested in specific PAs.

Financing Mechanisms
Payment for Ecosystem
Services (PES)

PA Sites
1) Mts. Banahaw-San Cristobal Protected Landscape (MBSCPL)
2) Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP)
3) Mt. Kalatungan Range Natural Park (MKaRNP)
4) Mt. Isarog Natural Park (MINP)

Water use fee (water districts, minihydro )

Entrance fee

Facilities user fee
5) Bulusan Volcano Natural Park (VBNP)

Entrance fee

Facilities user fee

Water use fee (water districts)

User Fees

6) Sagay Marine Reserve (SMR)

Entrance fee, diving fee (Carbin Reef, Suyac Island Mangrove
Eco-Park)

Resource Use Fees

Facilities fee
7) Naujan Lake National Park (NLNP)

Entrance fee

Fishery resource use fee

Agricultural production fee

Water use fee (water districts)
8) Bataan National Park (BNP)
9) Central Cebu Protected Landscape (CCPL)
10) Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP)
11) Ninoy Aquino Parks and Wildlife (NPWNC)

Special Use Agreement for Protected Areas (SAPA) fees

Telecommunications fees

User fees for filming and still photography in PAs

Entrance fees

Public-Private Partnership

Damage Estimation
Enterprise Development

Ninoy Aquino Parks and Wildlife Center (NAPWC)

Mt. Isarog Natural Park (MINP)
12) Mt. Apo Natural Park (MANP)

Mt. Apo Natural Park (MANP)
13) Mt. Kanlaon Natural Park
14) Mt. Kitanglad Range Natural Park (MKRNP)
15) Northern Negros Natural Park (NNNP)
16) Mt. Kanlaon Natural Park (MKNP)

*There were no financing mechanisms pilot-tested in two sites- Manleleuag Spring National Park and Palay Palay
National Park. Only business planning processes were envisioned for these two sites.

Under the ICRMP, 55 enterprises (e.g. Reef Discovery, River/Mangrove Expedition, Forest Adventure,
Culinaryservices, Nature Village, Arts & Crafts, Island/Forest Spa) were developed in 22 sites and 1,118
self-reliant group members (34% women) trained in entrepreneurial skills.99

99 Department of Environment and Natural Resources. Sustaining our Coasts: The Ridge-to-Reef Approach -- A Compilation of

Technical and Policy Papers: National Integrated Coastal Management Program (NICMP). Quezon City, Philippines: DENR
Integrated Coastal Resources Management Project (ICRMP), 2013.

40

2.3.3 Sector Policies, Programs and Plans

Specialized environments and industries give rise to unique areas of concern. In recent years, efforts
have been made to develop strategies and plans that address particular issues and needs of individual
sectors that interface with the mandates and resources of government agencies and the expertise of
CSOs and other stakeholders.

National Cave Action Plan (2011-2016)

The National Cave Action Plan (2011-2016) was
formulated to implement the Cave Management,
Protection and Conservation Program (CMPCP),
the national program developed pursuant to
under Republic Act 2072, or the National Caves
and Cave Resources and Protection Act of 2001
and its Implementing Rules and Regulations.
The Action Plan lists six goals, framed to
correspond to the components of the CMPCP.
These include: 1) Caves and Cave Resources
Assessment, Management and Conservation;
2) Sustainable Utilization of Cave Resources for
Subsistence and Commercial Purposes; 3) Visitor
Impact Management; 4) Conservation, Education

and Public Awareness; 5) Human Resource

Development and 6) Research and Development.
It provides for the preparation of individual Cave
Management Plans for each classified cave or cave
system, which shall be harmonized with existing
biodiversity management plans. Correspondingly,
the presence of rare, endangered or endemic
species is a factor considered in closing off
portions of caves to visitor entry.100
Many caves have been officially classified for
appropriate use based on assessment results,
starting with an initial list of 76 caves, to 158 caves
in 2012 and 206 caves in 2014 (Table 14101,102)

Table14. List of classified caves, 2012 and 2014.

Source: DENR-BMB, 2014.

100 DENR-Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau. A Handbook on Cave Classification for the Philippines. Quezon City, Philippines:

DENR-PAWB, 2008.

101 Philippines DENR Biodiversity Management Bureau. PAWB Cue Cards FY 2014. Presentation from the DENR Biodiversity

Management Bureau

102 Based on Department Memorandum Circular (DMC) 2007-04, DMC 2012-03 and 2014-03. DMC 2007-04, Section 3 classified

caves according to: Class I - Caves with delicate and fragile geological formations, threatened species, archaeological and
paleontological values, and extremely hazardous conditions; Class II- Caves with areas or portions which have sections that have
hazardous conditions and contain sensitive geological, biological, archaeological, cultural, historical, and biological values or high
quality ecosystem; and Cave III- Caves generally safe to inexperienced visitor with no known threatened species, archaeological,
geological, natural history, cultural and historical values.

41

National Ecotourism Strategy and Action Plan (2013-2022)

The National Ecotourism Strategy and Action Plan
(NES) 2013-2022 was completed in February
2014, updating the earlier strategy which was
implemented from 2002 to 2012 (see related
story in Box 4). This plan was launched during the
World Ecotourism Conference in February 2014.
The NES aims to promote environmentally and
socially responsible ecotourism development that
safeguards the integrity and diversity of its natural
resources, provides education and enjoyment
to visitors and delivers larger and more widely

distributed income and employment opportunities

to the local communities and their constituents,
especially women, youth, indigenous peoples and
other vulnerable groups.103
The conservation of biodiversity is given high
priority in the NES. Biodiversity significance is
considered in the selection of priority ecotourism
sites. The Action Plan likewise specifically
includes an objective on monitoring visitor impact
of ecotourism activities on biodiversity.

Updated National Action Plan (NAP) to Combat Desertification,

Land Degradation and Drought 2010-2020
The NAP 2010-2020 developed in 2010 focuses
on: a) highland, hilly land and upland ecosystems
in which climatic drivers and human-induced
activities result in land degradation and loss of
biodiversity and b) lowland ecosystems which
experience seasonal aridity and drought that
could result in low productivity and reduced farm
income. It consists of three long-term strategic
thematic programs, namely: 1) creation of
livelihood to affected population; 2) sustainable
use and management of affected ecosystems;
and 3) formulation of a national adaptation
platform to climate change for food security
and improved resilience to natural disasters.

The NAP is a working document for synergy

among the three Multilateral Environmental
Agreements (MEAs) on biodiversity, climate
change and land degradation at the country
level and the convergence of actions among
national government agencies, LGUs and CSOs
to contribute to hunger mitigation and poverty
reduction and environmental sustainability. One of
the expected outputs of the NAP is a compendium
of bio-references for the selection of suitable
agricultural commodities for agro-biodiversity and
forest development. The current NAP is being
updated for alignment with the UNCCD 10-year
Strategic Plan and Framework.

National Wetlands Action Plan (2011-2016)

The National Wetlands Action Plan 2011-2016
guides the promotion and implementation of
strategies and actions for the conservation
and wise use of wetlands, incorporating urgent
concerns such as biodiversity conservation and
climate change mitigation and adaptation.104
The current plan is an updated version of the
1993 Wetlands Action Plan and takes into
account new developments and issues, such as
the threats presented by climate change. It was
prepared at the National Conference on Wetlands,
Climate Change Adaptation and Biodiversity
Conservation in 2009 and subjected to a series of
Regional Consultations and validations with key
stakeholders throughout 2012.105 It harmonizes
and engages government agencies, LGUsCSOs,
business sector, small communities and IPs in the

management and sustainable use of wetlands.

The Action Plan envisions Philippine wetlands that
are ecologically healthy and are able to provide
products, functions and services for the equal
benefit of people and nature.106 To accomplish
these, four thematic areas with respective
supporting goals were identified, namely:
Wetlands Policy, Inland Wetlands, Coastal and
Marine Wetlands and Enabling Strategies.The
Action Plan also recognizes ecotourism as a
conservation strategy that will spur inclusive
growth of the basic sectors dependent on wetland
resources and address water and food security.
Nine inland wetlands and 28 coastal and marine
wetlands have been prioritized to optimize
resources and achieve maximum impacts and
outcomes.107

103 DENR Biodiversity Management Bureau. National Ecotourism Strategy and Action Plan (2013-2022).
104 Philippines DENR Biodiversity Management Bureau. National Wetlands Action Plan 2011-2016. Accessed March 15, 2014.

http://www.psdn.org.ph/wetlands/nwap_phils_2011_part3.pdf.

105 Id.
106 Id 37
107 Id 38

42

National Action Plan for the Sustainable Use and Protection of

Philippines Peatlands
The National Action Plan for the Sustainable Use
and Protection of Philippines Peatlands takes off
from the ASEAN Peatland Management Initiative
and the ASEAN Peatland Management Strategy
developed in 2009 with concerned government
agencies, local government units and academe
and non-government organizations.108
This Plans ultimate goal is to promote the
sustainable management and wise use of
peatlands through awareness raising, capacity
building and enhanced inter-agency cooperation
for the conservation of biodiversity, climate change
mitigation and the benefit of the local community.109
To this end, it proposed strategies for peatland
management, institutional strengthening and
allocation of resources. A multisectoral interagency working group was likewise created
to oversee the development of an institutional
framework for peatland management.110

Pilot sites for these strategies were the

Caimpugan Peatlands within the Agusan Marsh
and the Peatlands in the Leyte Sab-a Basin. Since
2012, key personnel from national government
agencies and LGUs as well as stakeholders from
local communities have been trained in peatlands
assessment and management, participating in
activities such as study tours and on the-job
trainings. Information materials on peatlands
conservation have likewise been translated into
local languages and have been disseminated.111
Through these efforts, the Caimpugan Peatlands
were included in the proposed expansion area of
the Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary. Lobbying
for the declaration of the Leyte Sab-a Peatlands
as a Critical Habitat has also been underway.
Mapping of other probable peatland areas in the
Philippines has been ongoing since 2010.112

2.3.4 Governance
Governance, at all levels, is key to biodiversity conservation and management. This includes participation
by all stakeholders from national government agencies (including the executive, judiciary and legislative
bodies), LGUs, CSOs and research institutions, private sector and local communities. Some examples
of governance mechanisms are mentioned below.
Table 15. LCA approaches in pilot areas.

Source: GEF- UNDP-DENR NewCAPP

108 Philippines DENR-Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau. National Action Plan for the Sustainable Use and Protection of Philippine

Peatlands. Quezon City, Philippines: DENR-PAWB, 2009.

109 Id 7
110 Id 8
111 National Economic Development Authority. Integrating Biodiversity into Poverty Reduction Strategies and Development.

Presentation given at the Second Expert Group Meeting on Biodiversity for Poverty Eradication & Development, Chennai, India,
December 2013.
112 Id

43

Box 4. Milestones and Next Steps in

Philippine Ecotourism Development
Anchored on Executive Order 111, the formulation of the National Ecotourism Strategy and Action
Plan (NESAP) 2002 2012 was one of the components of the first phase of the National Ecotourism
Project (NEP I) funded through a grant from New Zealand AID (NZAID) and jointly implemented by the
Department of Tourism (DOT) and Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR). The
NESAP aims to provide an integrated management plan for a comprehensive direction for ecotourism
development in the Philippines.
The approval of the NES in 2001 and its implementation from 2002 to 2012, under NEP I, was
accompanied by capacity-building trainings of EO 111 bodies and development of ecotourism products
in four pilot sites (Banaue Rice Terraces, Sapang Bato in Pampanga, Pamilacan Island in Bohol and Mt.
Apo Natural Park in Davao). Aside from these, publicity and information dissemination on ecotourism
through the creation of website (www.ecotourismphilippines.com) and quarterly newsletters, were also
improved.
The second phase of the NEP (NEP II) built on the outcomes of Phase 1 with an overall goal of
mainstreaming ecotourism into DENRs community-based resource management programs. Among
the highlights of Phase II are the following:
Establishment of income generation projects and creation of employment among disadvantaged
groups including women, youth and indigenous peoples at the phase II banner sites (Hundred Islands
National Park, Mt. Mayon Volcano National Park, Lake Sebu Watershed and Forest Reserve, Rajah
Sikatuna Protected Landscape in Bohol);
Expansion of employment opportunities and community income generation at two of the three
Phase I banner sites (Sapang Bato in Pampanga, Pamilacan Island in Bohol);
Improvements in sustainable resource management and reduction in unsustainable activities at a
number of banner sites;
Development of training modules in ecotourism;
Development of key policy initiatives, such as the DOT Ecotourism Standards
Implementation of a number of ecotourism-focused marketing initiatives by DOT

Mt. Kitanglad Range Natural Park, Bukidnon

Photo by: Earl Ryan Janubas

Apo Reef Natural Park

Photo by: George Tapan

The NESAP 20132022 is paving the way towards globally competitive ecotourism sites, services and
products that will contribute to the countrys inclusive growth, incorporating recently issued policies that
provide better frameworks for ecotourism development such as the new Tourism law (Republic Act or
RA 9593), the PDP and the recently formulated National Tourism Development Plan (NTDP), among
others.
NESAP 20132022 carries the vision of: The Philippines as a globally competitive ecotourism
destination with its wealth of natural beauty and cultural richness, conscious of the need to conserve,
enhance, sustain and develop these assets and ensure equitable sharing of benefits among its
people. This is set to achieve through the following strategies:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Developing and marketing diversified and competitive ecotourism products

Creating conducive environment for ecotourism investments
Maximizing economic benefits for the host communities
Promoting and developing a culture of ecotourism
Strengthening institutional capacity
Developing and strengthening partnerships
Establishing Mechanisms for Sustainable Financing
Monitoring outcomes and impacts

DENR Administrative Order 2013-19 (1 July 2013) prescribes further Guidelines on Ecotourism
Planning and Management in Protected Areas. This outlines the four phases for Ecotourism Planning
and Management, including site assessment, ecotourism planning, implementation and monitoring
and evaluation. Ecotourism development pursuant to these Guidelines is being piloted in the Apo Reef
National Park, Taal Volcano Protected Landscape, Calbiga Caves Protected Landscape and Mt. Pulag
National Park.

44

Climate Change, Biodiversity and Eco-towns

The Climate Change Commission (CCC) has
also spearheaded the establishment of Ecotowns, to implement the NCCAP at the local
level. Eco-towns are planning units composed of
municipalities or a group of municipalities located
within and around boundaries of critical KBAs,
which are at high risk to climate change. They will
be built around PAs and KBAs, using ecosystembased approach that will scale up best practices.
This approach aims to increase the communities
adaptive capacity to climate change impacts by

providing eco-friendly economic opportunities

and promoting the protection, conservation and
management of ecosystems.113
Currently, demonstration sites have been
launched in: 1) San Vicente, Palawan; 2) Siargao
Island in Surigao del Norte; 3) the province of
Eastern Samar; 4) the province of Batanes and
6) the Upper Marikina River Basin and Protected
Landscape.

Managing natural resources in the new Bangsamoro Political Entity

The signing of the Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro in October 2012, and the Comprehensive
Agreement on the Bangsamoro (CAB) in March 2013 culminated 7 years of peace negotiations between
the Philippine State and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) over one of the countrys most conflictridden areas. Through the peace accord, both parties agreed to establish a new Bangsamoro political
entity, with defined exclusive powers.
Under the Annex on Revenue Generation and Wealth Sharing, income derived from the exploration,
development and utilization of natural resources within the Bangsamoro shall be allocated as follows:
For non-metallic minerals such as sand, gravel and quarry resources within the Bangsamoro, revenues
pertain to the Bangsamoro and its local government units;
For metallic minerals within the Bangsamoro, seventy-five percent (75%) of revenues pertain to the
Bangsamoro; and
For fossil fuels such as petroleum, natural gas and coal, and uranium, revenues shall be shared
equally between the Bangsamoro and Central governments.114
Once finalized by the legislature and through a plebiscite in identified areas, the Bangsamoro territory
could potentially cover critical ecosystems such as the Liguasan Marsh, which spans the provinces of
North Cotabato and Maguindanao. The marsh is one of the richest biodiversity areas in the region and
is notably home to the endangered Philippine Crocodile. Its potential for natural gas extraction has been
flagged, but has yet to be officially verified.

113 Philippines -- Climate Change Commission. Ecotown Demonstration Framework. Accessed March 10, 2014.

http://www.climate.gov.ph/project/ecotown
114 Annex on Revenue Generation and Wealth Sharing (13 July 2013), Section VII, available at http://www.opapp.gov.ph/milf/news/

annex-revenue-generation-and-wealth-sharing

45

Enforcing Environmental Justice

In 2010, the Philippine Supreme Court approved
the Rules of Procedure for Environmental Cases.115
These special rules cover civil and criminal cases
and special civil actions involving the enforcement
and violation of environmental laws. These rules
also allow aggrieved individuals, communities or
organizations to avail of the remedies of the Writ
of Continuing Mandamus and Writ of Kalikasan
where judicial action is required to safeguard their
right to a balanced and healthful ecology.

The remedy of the Writ of Kalikasan may be

sought where the environmental damage involved
is of such a magnitude as to prejudice the life,
health or property of inhabitants in two or more
cities or provinces.119 The Rules of Procedure for
Environmental Cases also allow for the issuance
of a Temporary Environmental Protection Order
(TEPO) in cases where urgent action is required.
Several Writs of Kalikasan have been issued by
Philippine courts.

The remedy of the Writ of Continuing Mandamus

is available to compel government agencies
or officers to perform an act or series of acts in
connection with the enforcement or violation
of environmental laws. It was introduced to
Philippine jurisprudence even prior to the Rules
of Procedure, in a landmark action brought to
clean up and rehabilitate the Manila Bay.116 In
ordering the concerned government agencies to
carry out this clean up and rehabilitation, as well
as undertake actions to preserve and restore its
waters, the Supreme Court recognized that Manila
Bay required not only a cosmetic clean up, but a
long-term solution. Continuing mandamus was the
remedy to ensure that the Courts decision would
not be set to naught by administrative inaction or
indifference.117

In October 2010, the DENR adopted the Wildlife

Law Enforcement Manual of Operations as guide
for the Wildlife Enforcement Officers (WEO),
DENR Wildlife Traffic Monitoring Units (WTMU),
Deputy/Special Deputy Environment and Natural
Resources Officers (DENRO/SDENRO) and other
stakeholders in the enforcement of the provisions
of R.A. No. 91 47 and other relevant wildlife laws,
rules and regulations. This Manual provides the
sets of standards and protocols in investigation
and surveillance, search, arrest and detention of
suspects, apprehension, seizure and handling of
evidence and filing and prosecution of cases. It
takes into consideration the existing procedures
of various agencies such as the investigation
process of the National Bureau of Investigation,
the rules of engagement of the Philippine
National Police and the Rules of Procedure for
Environmental Cases of the Supreme Court,
among others. It also presents a set of protocols
to address implementation gaps in wildlife law
enforcement scenarios in airports and seaports
as well as the protocols to be observed relating
to the custody of seized and confiscated wildlife
specimens, by-products and derivatives.

Actions have been taken to comply with the

Courts judgment. In 2011, the final draft of the
2011-2015 Operational Plan for the Manila Bay
Coastal Strategy was presented to the Manila
Bay Advisory Council and the Court. This Plan
includes measures such as improving wastewater
and sanitation facilities that empty out into the Bay,
coastal clean-up of the Bay and its catch basins,
mangrove reforestation and identifying areas for
phyto and bio-remediation.118

115 AM No. 09-6-8-SC

116 Metro Manila Development Authority et al v. Concerned Residents of Manila Bay G.R. Nos. 171947-48 (18 December 2008)
117 Id
118 DENR Foreign Assisted and Special Projects Office. 2011 Annual Performance Report.
119 Rule VII Sec 1 AM No. 09-6-8

46

CHAPTER 3
Progress towards the 2020 Aichi Biodiversity
Targets and Contribution to the 2015 Targets
of the Millennium Development Goals
3.1 Progress towards the 2020 Aichi Biodiversity Targets
Even prior to the completion and adoption of the
updated PBSAP 2014-2025, macro frameworks,
policies, programs, projects and activities have
already integrated the goals and objectives of the
Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020 and the
Aichi Biodiversity Targets.
Some of these programs/plans/activities (P/P/
As) are under preparation while others are
already being implemented and are directly or
indirectly contributing to the actualization of the
Aichi Biodiversity Targets (Annex 3). Others being

undertaken by different stakeholder groups are not

listed in Annex 3, hence efforts should be made
to update this list and determine the aggregate
impact of these conservation efforts.
The discussion of each target under specific
goals represents examples of P/P/As. Some of
these examples, however, also respond to other
targets under other goals. It is hoped that once
the updated PBSAP is finalized, the next national
report will specifically focus on reporting on targets
using indicators identified in the PBSAP.

Goal A: Address the underlying causes of biodiversity loss by

mainstreaming biodiversity across government and society
The relevant Aichi Targets to accomplish Goal A are Targets 1 (Awareness of biodiversity), 2 (Integration
of biodiversity values), 3 (Incentives) and 4 (Use of natural resources). These targets are currently
addressed through some initiatives described below.

Target 1. Awareness of biodiversity

Awareness of biodiversity continues to increase
as a result of regular and donor-funded
programs, plans and activities that incorporate
communication, education and public awareness
(CEPA). The BMBs CEPA activities are informed
by a communications plan, which was first
drafted in 2012 and is currently being updated
to reflect the increased scope of the Bureaus
functions and the implementation of new donorfunded projects. The DENR-BMB likewise
developed branding strategies in 2014, focusing
on the interconnectedness and interdependence
of biodiversity elements. This message can
be customized to different ecosystems and
biodiversity concerns.
The DENR-BMB continues to conduct CEPA
activities on biodiversity and nature conservation
through various approaches such as the conduct of
orientation-seminars, lectures, trainors trainings
using the Dalaw- Turo (literally visit teach),

press briefings, radio and television plugs, social

media blogs, exhibits, summer camps, interpretive
tours and eco-walks, calendars, special events
and produce learning materials such as coloring
books, field guides and coffee table books.120
Schools and selected barangays in Metro Manila
in particular have acquired new knowledge
through biodiversity road shows and caravans.
In-house education and capacity building is also
a priority, with an education program on the
Bureaus various biodiversity initiatives for DENRBMB personnel implemented in 2012 and 2013.
In addition, the DENR-BMB maintains the
Philippine Clearinghouse Mechanism (CHM), a
web-based system that facilitates the sharing of
data and information on the conservation and
sustainable use of biodiversity between and
among the various stakeholders in the country.121
While it is an important source of information,
updating and sustaining a dynamic CHM remains

120 DENR-PAWB/BMB Major Accomplishments 2013

121 About Philippine CHM. Philippine Clearinghouse Mechanism for Biodiversity. Accessed 15 February 2014. http://www.chm.ph/

47

a continuing challenge unless biodiversity partners

start and/or continue to contribute and populate it
with information and data and human resources
are available to ensure continuous and regular
information flow, updates and web maintenance.
Several programs that incorporate CEPA as
a component have also been implemented.
These include some major programs funded by
development partners and donor agencies such
as multilateral and bilateral organizations, civil
society organizations and the private sector.
Through the ADB-assisted Project on Integrated
Coastal Resource Management (ICRMP 20072014), several CEPA materials have been printed
and distributed to DENR regional partners and
other government agencies and institutions.
The materials include quick guides, field guides,
advocacy posters, educational posters and
policy papers on the National Integrated Coastal
Management Program (NICMP), foreshore
management, mangrove management, user fees
and resource rents.
The UNDP-GEF Project on Strengthening
Coordination
for
Effective
Environmental
Management (STREEM) (2007-2013) aims to
improve the coordination among focal point
agencies of three multilateral environmental
agreements (MEAs), namely the United Nations
Convention on Biological Diversity (UNCBD),
United Nations Framework Convention on
Climate Change (UNFCCC) and United Nations
Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD),
collectively known as the Rio Conventions. The
project developed a comprehensive CEPA strategy
addressing low awareness of national and local
stakeholders about the Rio Conventions. Seminars
and orientations were done, accompanied by
short mass media campaigns directed at various
stakeholders such as district supervisors and
teachers of the Department of Education (DEpEd),
LGUs, NGOs, Peoples Organizations (POs)
and farmers. IEC materials such as handbooks
(Facilitators Handbook on Mainstreaming MEA in
Barangay Development Planning), guides, flyers
and posters were produced and key campaign
messages were formulated to highlight the
interconnection between and among biodiversity,
climate change and land degradation.
A MEA portal website, linked to the Philippine
CHM, was also developed to facilitate access,
sharing and systematic storage of information
on MEAs, particularly among partner agencies

and stakeholders. A Speakers Bureau on MEAs,

composed of regular staff of the Public Affairs
Office of national and local government agencies
was also formed to sustain communication
efforts. These CEPA approaches are expected to
help mainstream awareness and understanding
by the stakeholders the Project aimed to reach,
and even beyond.122 The USAID/DA-BFAR and
DENR Project on Ecosystems Improved for
Sustainable Fisheries Project (Ecofish, 20122017) developed toolkits, sourcebooks and
case studies on ecosystems-based approach
fisheries management (EAFM), MPA and climate
change and fishery law enforcement procedural
handbook and instructional videos.
Through the NewCAPP project, a nationwide
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP)
survey was also conducted by the Resources,
Environment and Economics Center for
Studies, Inc (REECS, Inc) with the Department
of Development Journalism of the University
of the Philippines Los Baos. This KAP study
is a strategic step by the DENR-BMB to use
evidence-based or research-based information to
plan an IEC or strategic advocacy plan, as well as
generate inputs for the development of a policy
framework for different management regimes.123
Along with the KAP survey, an IEC/advocacy
strategy was also formulated with the end of
increasing support of stakeholders and decision
makers for the management and conservation of
the national PA system, including the New CAPP
areas and ICCAs.124
Other best practices reported by stakeholder
groups in the updated PBSAP consultations
include
development and integration of
biodiversity into the school curriculum and related
materials: a) DepEds Basic Education Curriculum
for K-12; b) pilot-testing of curriculum for Grades
1-4 in Davao in coordination with the Philippine
Eagle Foundation Inc. (PEFI); c) Kalahan
Educational Foundations school curriculum and
books; d) Tebtebba Foundations resource book
on indigenous knowledge; and e) TREES Tagum
childrens coloring books in the local language.
The collective outcomes of these initiatives,
however, have not been adequately measured.
The updated PBSAP has recommended a
comprehensive CEPA strategy for biodiversity
conservation and management with indicators
and targets.

122 DENR FASPO. Draft Project Completion Report of the UNDP-GEF STREEM Project. (DENR-FASPO, 2013)
123 UP Los Baos College of Development Communication, CDC-DDJ Conducts KAP Research on Biodiversity, Validates Results

in National Workshop, 25 May 2013. Accessed 20 August 2014. http://www.devcom.edu.ph/site/cdc-ddj-conducts-kap-researchon-biodiversity-validates-results-in-national-workshop.html

124 REECS and CDC-UPLB, Communication Plan for Biodiversity Conservation in the Philippines, 2013. Accessed 20 August 2014.
https://newcapp.files.wordpress.com/2013/12/communication-plan.pdf

48

Target 2. Integration of biodiversity values

The valuation of biodiversity and ecosystem
services and accounting of their true economic
contribution continues to be a priority of the
country to help inform development planning and
policy.
The Philippines implemented ENR accounting in
the 1990s through the USAID-funded Environment
and Natural Resources Accounting Project
(ENRAP) which measured the depreciation of
ENR but not the full accounting of natural assets,
including biodiversity and ecosystem services
and economic losses caused by environmental
degradation. This gap is being addressed by
several programs and projects that have been
and are being implemented. Among these are the
WB- supported program on Wealth Accounting
and Valuation of Ecosystems Services (WAVES,
2013-2018) which aims to develop national
accounts for minerals and mangroves using the
System of Environmental-Economic Accounts
(SEEA), construct ecosystem accounts for
Southern Palawan and the Laguna Lake Basin
and analyze trade-offs associated with different
resource and ecosystem use and build capacity
for institutionalization of the SEAA. WAVES
supports existing plans such as the PDP, the
Strategic Environmental Plan for Palawan and
the National Climate Change Action Plan which
all underscore the significance of resource
accounting and valuation.125 The EU-UNDPfunded project on Building Transformative
Policy and Financing Frameworks to Increase
Investment in Biodiversity Management (BioFin/
(2013-2015) also complements this effort
through the development of a framework and
methodology for mainstreaming biodiversity into
national development and sectoral planning and
addressing the biodiversity financing gap.126
More biodiversity-related programs are now
incorporating components on resource valuation
and accounting as well as financing mechanisms.
The DENR-BMB has initiated the complementation
and harmonization of component activities and
sites in order to maximize resources and broaden
the reach and impact from these programs. The
WB-funded project on Sustainable Financing of
PAs (2013) reviewed existing policies that constrain
sustainable financing of PAs, explored financing
options and helped develop business plans for
18 PAs. The GEF-UNDP NewCAPP developed

sustainable financing and resource mobilization

tools and enhanced financial sustainability of the
terrestrial PA system. The USAID-Ecofish Project
(2012-2017) is implementing a revenue generation
system and sustainable financing programs (e.g.
business plans, inter-LGU trust funds, Payment
for Environmental Services (PES) schemes and
value chain analysis) for EAFM in select LGUs
in eight marine KBAs, namely: . Lingayen Gulf,
Verde Island Passage, Calamianes Island Group,
Lagonoy Gulf, Danajon Reef, South Negros
Island, Surigao del Sur and del Norte and Sulu
Archipelago.127 The GEF-UNDP BPP project is
also looking into PES in the context of encouraging
target communities and stakeholders in three
sites (Quirino Protected Landscape, Northern
Negros National Park, and Mt. Hamiguitan
Wildlife Sanctuary) out of nine sites covered by
the project. The PBSAP consultation/workshops
also generated information on individual, isolated
and site-specific practices such as the PES in
Mt. Mantalingahan Protected Landscape and Mt.
Kitanglad Natural Park and PES for mangroves
and fisheries in the coastal areas of Cagayan
Province and carbon sequestration in Quirino
Protected Landscape and Penablanca Protected
Landscape and Seascape. Ensuring that
conservation work pay for itself can help provide
economic benefits to poor, natural resourcesdependent communities as well as alleviate
poverty.
More recently, the NewCAPP, in cooperation with
the Resources, Environment and Economics
Center for Studies, Inc. (REECS), successfully
brokered agreements between six major
cooperatives in Bukidnon and the Mindanao
Development Authority to contribute to a PES Fund
to be managed by the Xavier Science Foundation.
These funds will be used to finance the Community
Development Plan of the Miarayon community in
Mt. Kalatungan PA, located along the Cagayan de
Oro river basin. Such partnerships between the
buyers and sellers of ecosystem services was
forged following documentation of the initiatives of
the IP community in the expansion of forest cover
along the headwaters of the Batang watershed,
which contributes to reducing the impacts of
typhoon Sendong to downstream communities
and agro industries in the Cagayan de Oro city
and environs.128

125 DENR, Eco-system Valuation Kicks off in the Philippines DENR News and Features, 18 September 2013. Accessed March 12,

2014. http://www.denr.gov.ph/news-and-features/latest-news/1522-eco-system-valuation-kicks-off-in-the-philippines.html.

126 Anabelle Plantilla. BuildingTransformativePolicy&FinancingFrameworkstoIncreaseInvestment in Biodiversity Management.

(Presentation from the DENR Biodiversity Management Bureau)

127 Ecosystems Improved for Sustainable Fisheries Sustainable Fisheries (ECOFISH), ECOFISH Project: a Partnership of the

Department of Agriculture-Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources and USAID, 2012-2017. (Presentation from the DENR
Biodiversity Management Bureau)
128 Mt. Kalatungan. New Conservation Areas in the Philippines Project. Accessed February 25, 2014. http://www.newcapp.org/
kalatungan.php

49

Target 3.Incentives
Incentives can entice or motivate communities and
institutions to get involved in the conservation and
management of the environment. They also come
in the form of liabilities, also called disincentives,
e.g. polluters tax or charge. The imposition
of taxes or charges encourages corporations
and other concerned entities to engage in safe
environmental practices which in the long-term
generate savings and contribute to giving them a
good image. There are, however, incentives that
can be harmful to biodiversity. For example, the
Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act of
1997 exempted certified agricultural and fisheries
enterprises from the payment of tariff and duties
for the importation of all types of agriculture and
fisheries inputs, equipment and machinery for five
years from the effectivity of the law.129 It has been
raised, however, that these fiscal incentives that
make fishing equipment and gear cheaper and
more accessible may eventually lead to the faster
extraction and unsustainable use of fishery and
aquatic resources (Batongbacal, 2002).130
The Philippine Environment Partnership Program
(PEPP) is a partnership program with industries,
in cooperation with the other environmentrelated agencies, which was established in 2003
pursuant to DENR Administrative Order 200314. It recognizes industries (individual firms
and industry associations) that voluntarily selfregulate and demonstrate superior environmental
performance through awards and incentives.
From 2009-2012, a total of 57 individual firms
have been awarded with a DENR Official Seal of
Approval under Track 1 Category, which is given to
large companies that go beyond compliance and
are driven by competitiveness, image and supply
chain requirements to improve performance. Track
2 Category refers to companies that are mostly
Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) and are
currently unable to comply with regulations.131
In 2014, 10 industries were awarded the
DENR Official Seal of Approval for exemplary
environmental performance bringing the total
number to 67. Among these are Aboitiz Power
Hedcor Sibulan, Inc. and Energy Development
Corporation (EDC) Mt. Apo Geothermal Project,
both located within the Mt. Apo Natural Park.
Hedcors environmental management programs

cover solid waste, water and energy conservation

and greening, coupled with
some Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
activities such as riverbank stabilization, agroforestry, reforestation, road rehabilitation and
tree planting, Eco-Market Day and Adopt-a-River.
EDC has similar environmental management
programs, coupled with CSR activities that
include watershed management, Binhi (Greening
Program) and HELEN (Health, Education,
Livelihood and Environment). Awardees benefit
from relaxed reportorial requirements in terms
of frequency of submission, longer validity of
permits and simplified requirements for securing
an Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC)
for expansion projects.132
In 2013, the first ever Protected Area Recognition
(PAR) Awards for exemplary work in PA
management were given by the DENR to PAs
listed in Table 16. The awards were given to PA
Superintendents and staff for their impressive
efforts, initiatives and innovative practices.133
Among the finalists for the PAAwards, Mt. Kitanglad
Range Natural Park received the highest number
of nominations (8) and awards (3).
Similar awards and recognition have also been
given to MPAs since 2007 in an effort to promote
good standards, practices and champions in the
management of coastal and marine resources.
There are enough legal bases for financial
incentives and disincentives such as economic
instruments in the form of licenses, user fees, taxes,
charges, permit fees, fines and penalties, which
have also been used to encourage conservation
and management. On the other hand, R.A. 7942
or the Philippine Mining Act of 1995 grants holders
of large-scale mining contracts certain auxiliary
rights which are deemed necessary to carry out
mining operations. These include timber rights
and water rights, which allow them to cut trees
or timber and access water resources within the
mining area. These auxiliary rights give holders of
large-scale mining contracts significant leeway in
their use of natural resources within areas which
are often also critical habitats and ecosystems.

129 Republic Act 8435 (1997), Sec. 109

130 Jay Batongbacal. Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act and the Fisheries Code of 1998: Key Areas of Conflict and

Recommended Courses of Action (2002) 19. Accessed 13 August 2014 http://oneocean.org/download/20020426/afma_policy_

study.pdf.
131 DENR-EMB, Annual Report for CY 2012 (DENR-EMB: 2012)
132 2013 Major Accomplishments. DENR-EMB. Accessed November 2013.
133 PAWB/BMB. 2013 Major Accomplishments

50

Table 16. Protected area recognition awards.

Protected Area

Award

Mt. Kitanglad Range Natural Park

Engagement with IPs/Local Communities

Mts. Banahaw-San Cristobal Protected

Landscape

Partnership with Local Government Unit

Mt. Mantalingahan Protected Landscape

Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park

Taal Volcano Protected Landscape

Law Enforcement

Apo Island Protected Landscape/

Seascape

Sustainable/Innovative Financing

Mt. Kitanglad Range Natural Park

Institutional Organization/Functional PAMB

Mt. Kitanglad Range Natural Park

Actual Bio-Physical Improvements

Mt. Pulag National Park

Impacts on Local Communities

Partnership with the Civil Society

Organizations
Partnership with Other Government
Agencies

Source: DENR-BMB

Other biodiversity- related programs, among them

the USAID-funded Biodiversity and Watersheds
Improved for Stronger Economy and Ecosystem
Resilience (B+WISER) help generate financial
incentives and build capacity to address the
drivers of biodiversity loss and deforestation.
In addition, DENR Administrative Order 201016 established the Adopt a Wildlife Species
Program to encourage the private sector and
civil society to participate in the conservation of
threatened wildlife resources and prevention of
species extinction through in situ conservation

approaches. Participants of the Program are

incentivized through tax exemptions that they
may claim in accordance with Bureau of Internal
Revenue (BIR) regulations. To date, two private
companies have established partnerships under
this Program: CEMEX Philippines has contributed
to the conservation of the Philippine tarsier,
and the Energy Development Corporation has
participated in the conservation of the large flying
fox, Golden-crowned flying fox, Philippine eagle,
Philippine eagle owl, Philippine brown deer and
Philippine warty pig.

Target 4. Use of natural resources

The natural capital of the country provides various
resources and options for livelihood.Diversifying
livelihood options for stakeholder groups, including
communities, has proven to be an important
strategy to reduce pressures on ecosystems and
biodiversity.This need has become a springboard
for social enterprise projects that promote the
sustainable use of ecosystems services while
fostering community capacity building and
empowerment.
Special attention has been paid to balancing
conservation and the economic needs of local
communities. For example, assessments of
biodiversity friendly businesses/ livelihood in
the eight demonstration sites and trainings on
value chain have been conducted under the
Partnerships for Biodiversity Project (BPP).134
In addition, development partners such as the
UNDP-GEF Small Grants Program (SGP),

Foundation for the Philippine Environment (FPE)

and the Philippine Tropical Forest Conservation
Foundation (PTFCF) have been providing
support for sustainable biodiversity-friendly
livelihood initiatives of peoples organizations and
local communities. Examples include PTFCFs
funding of local initiatives to conserve mangrove
areas in Mindanao, thereby encouraging the
culture of crabs and fish as a livelihood activity
for the community135 and FPEs assistance for
micro-enterprise development and livelihood
enhancement for farmers and fisherfolk in the
Liguasan Marsh.136
Another biodiversity-friendly livelihood that
has proven fruitful for local communities is the
production of essential oils from natural sources,
the success stories of which are featured in Box
5. Information on other uses of natural resources
in the country are interspersed in various parts of
this Report.

134 DENR-BMB. 2013 Major Accomplishments (2013), 249

135 Philippine Tropical Forest Conservation Foundation. Forest Conservation Program (Powerpoint presentation available at http://

code-ngo.org/home/images/stories/pdf/CODE-NGO_ResourceBuildingSeminar_Oct2010_PTFCF.pdf) and 2013 PTFCF Grant

Agreements. Posted March 25, 2013. Accessed May 11, 2014. http://ptfcf.org/data/uploads/2013_grants.pdf
136 Marshals of the Marsh. Posted 3 March 2014. Foundation for the Philippine Environment. Accessed March 18, 2014. http://fpe.
ph/impact_story/marshals-of-the-marsh/6.

51

Box 5. Conserving Biodiversity

through Social Enterprises
watershed
through
rainforestation
and
diversified farming, including organic agriculture
in return for EcoAgri support in technology,
product development and marketing and buying
back of excess products. The success of this
initiative translates to not only economic gains,
but to a long-term effort to improve the areas
ecosystem services.
As of February 2013, the community meets a
demand of 30 liters per month, sold to EcoAgri
at Php1, 500 per liter. As lemongrass is a low
maintenance crop, minimal physical work is
required for its care and maintenance. This
frees up additional time for rainforestation and
diversified farming for the eventual rehabilitation
of the watershed. Secondary benefits include
improved working conditions that avoid the
health risks associated with charcoal making
and increased opportunities to explore additional
pursuits such as ecotourism and other economic
activities.
Lemongrass harvesting in Negros Occ.
Photo from: PFEC

The Philippines posts a high demand for

naturally extracted essential oils for use
in the production of cosmetics, household
items and in the catering industry. As
such, production of these oils has been
encouraged as an alternative livelihood in
rural communities, with technical, marketing
and funding support from government
bodies, civil society and the private sector.
The community of Barangay Camalandaan in the municipality of Cauayan, Negros
Occidental relied on charcoal making as a
primary economic activity for many years.
Due to lack of options, charcoal making
provided a livelihood of last resort,
despite the risks it posed to human health,
social conflicts it created and its effects
on the depletion of the Southern Cauayan
Municipality
Forest
and
Watershed
Reserve. In 2010, growing concern over the
threats posed by charcoal making prompted
stakeholders, including a local peoples
organization the Camalanda-an Agroforest Association (CAFA), the Cauayan
municipal government, a private company
the RU Foundry and Machine Shop
Corporation (RU Foundry) and its nonprofit
social arm the Ecological and Agricultural
Development Foundation Inc. (EcoAgri),
to start a social enterprise project for the
production of lemongrass essential oils.
EcoAgris strategy employed Trade
Off
Community-Based
Watershed
Conservation where communities commit
to protect and sustainably manage the

Similarly, communities in the Mt. Kitanglad

Range Natural Park (MKRNP) have found a
niche in the production of citronella essential
oils. This venture is supported by the Protected
Area Management Board of the MKRNP and the
nonprofit organization Philippine Federation for
Environmental Concerns (PFEC).
PFEC provides technical and marketing
assistance to the MKRNP communities. As the
communities business arm, it sources extracted
oils from communities and provide quality
control. These are then marketed to domestic
companies who use the oils as raw material for
their products. PFEC has also developed models
for market profiling and preparing business plans
for essential oils, which contemplate valueadding at every stage of the production.
The Kitanglad Essential Oils can only currently
satisfy a small portion of the demand producing
10 to 15 liters of citronella oil per month.
Nonetheless, there is much potential to increase
production, especially as the demands from the
market grow.

Kitanglad Citronella Oil

Photo from: Mt. Kitanglad Agri-Eco Techno-Demo Center

52

Goal B: Reduce the direct pressures

on biodiversity and promote sustainable use
The relevant Aichi Targets to accomplish Goal B are Targets 5 (Loss of habitats), 6 (Sustainable
fisheries), 7 (Areas under sustainable management), 8 (Pollution), 9 (Invasive alien species) and 10
(Vulnerable ecosystems), currently addressed through the following initiatives and policies:

Target 5. Loss of habitats

Major policies focusing on key habitats and
habitat loss have been issued, among them
Executive Order (EO) 23 issued in 2011 and
EO 79 issued in 2012 by President Aquino. EO
23 imposed a moratorium on the cutting and
harvesting of timber in natural and residual
forests. The enactment of this moratorium was
coupled with the implementation of the NGP
which targeted reforestation of 1.5 billion trees
from 2011 to 2016.The reforestation efforts in
the NGP draw greatly from the mobilization of
national government agencies, LGUs, CSOs,
private sector and local communities. EO 79, on
the other hand, institutionalized and implemented
reforms in the mining sector. This issuance
identified areas closed to mining applications,
including PAs under the NIPAs, fish refuges and
sanctuaries, island ecosystems and other critical
areas that the DENR may later identify as No Go
Zones. However, this prohibition only applies to
mining contracts, agreements and concessions

approved after EO 79 comes into force. Those

already approved prior to EO 79 remain valid.
Threats to marine habitats, particularly coral
reefs, come from coastal development, marinebased pollution, sedimentation, overfishing and
destructive fishing. These are being addressed
through various programs. Among them is the
Sustainable Coral Reef Ecosystem Management
Program (SCREMP) 2012-2020, considered
as the NGP of the seas, which aims to increase
by 5% hard coral cover and fish density and
increase by 10% income of fishing communities
in the project sites by 2016. Under the SCREMP,
coral reefs are to be delineated, assessed and
databanked in 34 nationally protected MPA, and
sustainable livelihood operationalized in 340 local
communities. SCREMP is expected to contribute
to efforts in sustaining the integrity of the
environment, adapting to and mitigating climate
change, reducing poverty and empowering poor
and vulnerable communities.137

Target 6. Sustainable fisheries

Other programs on coastal and marine
management have contributed to efforts to ensure
sustainable fisheries through various approaches
such as protecting, conserving and rehabilitating
habitats, supporting growth in the agriculture and
fishery sector and building adaptive capacities
of coastal communities and resilience of natural
systems. Among these programs are the Coral
Triangle Initiative on Coral Reefs, Fisheries and
Food Security (CTI-CFF), the National Integrated
Coastal Management Program (NICMP) for
Sustainable Development of the Coastal and
Marine Environment and Resources of the
Philippines and the SCREMP mentioned above.
The Philippines is one of the six countries in the
CTI-CFF, a multilateral government partnership
formed in 2009 to protect the Coral Triangle and to
implement a Regional and National Plan of Action

that: a) designates and manages seascapes;

b) applies an ecosystem approach to fisheries
management; c) establishes a fully functional
marine protected area system; d) strengthens
climate change adaptation and resilience; and e)
improves the status of threatened marine species.
Similarly, the NICMP uses an ecosystems
approach or ridge-to-reef approach towards
a more holistic, multisectoral, integrated and
sustainable coastal management and fisheries,
especially at the level of local governments and
communities. Technical assistance to develop and
implement ICM plans has been provided to 150
coastal municipalities and cities. The SCREMP
supplements these efforts by ensuring biologically
healthy and productive coral reef habitat and
fisheries, increasing public stewardship of coral
reef ecosystems and improving socioeconomic
conditions and resiliency of communities.

137 DENR-BMB. Sustainable Coral Reef Ecosystem Management Program. (Presentation from the DENR Biodiversity

Management Bureau

53

There are also bilateral projects that support

sustainable fisheries. The USAID- Ecosystems
Improved for Sustainable Fisheries (EcoFish)
Project is supporting the implementation of a
5-year project with the Department of Agriculture
to improve the management of coastal and
marine resources to conserve biological diversity,
enhance ecosystem productivity and restore
profitability of fisheries.138 The project is being

implemented in eight Marine Key Biodiversity

Areas (MKBAs), namely: Calamianes group of
islands in Palawan, Lingayen Gulf in Pangasinan,
Ticao Pass and Lagonoy Gulf in Bicol region, San
Bernardino Strait in Leyte-Samar region, Danajon
Double Barrier Reef spanning Bohol, Cebu,
Leyte, Southern Negros Occidental and Surigao,
Sulu archipelago and Verde Island Passage, in
Batangas.

Target 7. Areas under sustainable development

There is limited data to determine if areas are
under sustainable development, especially if there
are no identified indicators to measure sustainable
development. Suffice it to say that many P/P/As
already mentioned in this Report and in Annex
3 aim to achieve sustainable development of
resources in their specific project sites.
The use of tenure instruments such as the
Protected Area Community-based Management
Agreements (PACBRMA) provide PA communities
the opportunities to manage, develop, use,
conserve and protect resources in the PA multiple
use and buffer zones in accordance with the PA
Management Plan and the Community Resource
Management Plan (CRMP) and in partnership

with the Protected Area Management Board. The

PACBRMA is a stewardship agreement between a
community organization and the DENR lasting for
25 years, renewable for another 25 years. As of
March 2013, a total of 68 PACBRMAs occupying
a total area of 39,138.32 hectares has benefited
5,457 households and 15,568 individuals in 21
PAs nationwide. Majority of these households
engage in agriculture-related activities. Of the
68 PACBRMAs, 12 have been affirmed by the
DENR, 15 have been completed and 41 are in
the process of completion.139 However, much
needs to be done to ensure that these areas
are sustainably developed and managed. This
remains a continuing challenge to both PA
management and tenure holders/beneficiaries.

Target 8. Pollution
Pollution is a major contributor to resource
degradation in the country. It is manifested
through; a) indiscriminate dumping of solid waste
in river systems, other waterways, urban and
coastal areas, thereby clogging and polluting
downstream waterways; b) industrial waste and
agricultural run-off e.g. fertilizers, pesticides,
insecticides; c) excessive construction of illegal
fishpens leading to overstocking and uncontrolled
feeding; d) mining; e) excessive use of fertilizers
degrading water quality leading to red tide; and f)
informal settlements.
The
DENR-Ecosystems
Research
and
Development Bureau (ERDB) has embarked
on a Research and Development Program for
environmental management and pollution control

by developing bioremediation as an approach to

water pollution control in selected priority rivers in
the country.140
Fish cage operations that overstock fish and feeds
pollute and degrade habitats leading to fishkills. A
massive fish kill in February 2012 in Lake Sebu was
attributed to fish cage operations. This pollution is
cause for concern, as the water from Lake Sebu
flows into the Seven Falls, which are being touted
as a prime tourist destination. Dismantling of fish
cages and a moratorium on additional fish cage
operations have been recommended to allow the
lake to regenerate.141 Similar actions have been
made in Taal Lake and Lake Buhi as mentioned in
Chapter 1.2.3 of this Report.

138 ECOFISH, ECOFISH Project

139 DENR-BMB. List of PACBRMAs as of March 2013.
140 2013 ERDB Annual Report. DENR-ERDB. Accessed July 20, 2014. http://erdb.denr.gov.ph/files/erdb_ar2013.pdf.
141 Bong Sarmiento. Special Report: Moratorium on Fish Cage Operations Sought to Save Lake Sebu from Dying. Mindanews, 10

March 2013. Accessed 11 May 11, 2014. http://www.mindanews.com/special-reports/2013/03/10/special-report-moratorium-onfish-cage-operations-sought-to-save-lake-sebu-from-dying/

54

Target 9. Invasive alien species (IAS)

Threats to biodiversity from IAS, especially in
forest ecosystems, inland water ecosystems and
to agro biodiversity have been recognized for
decades.142 A report submitted to the Asia-Pacific
Invasive Species Network in 2006 identified 16
potential IAS in the Philippines, with 10 higher
plant species, three insect pests and three
pathogens.143 The need for a national framework
to address the impacts of IAS was noted and
consultations to this end were held in 2006 and
2009.144
Under the GEF-UNEP Project on Removing
Barriers to Invasive Species Management in
Production and Protection Forests in Southeast
Asia, the Philippines reviewed the enabling
institutional, policy and regulatory frameworks
that are relevant to IAS management in the
Philippines and found that mechanisms
to halt biodiversity loss by preventing and
controlling IAS are almost non-existent in the
Philippines.145 Available guidelines in the areas
of wildlife, forestry, agriculture, fisheries, PAs,
ecotourism and environmental regulations were
found to be inadequate, fragmented or poorly
implemented.146 This Report seconded the need
for a clear, integrated, and multisectoral IAS
management strategy and action plan.147 In

2013, a draft National Invasive Species Strategy

and Action Plan (NISSAP) was prepared to
provide an enabling policy and institutional
arrangement for invasive species management
in the country and identified general principles
for the implementation of the Strategy, as well as
the lead government agencies for these actions
(see Box 3). Management of the buyo-buyo shrub
(Piper aduncum), an IAS linked to degradation
of natural forests and found to suppress natural
regeneration of forests, was piloted at the Allah
Valley Watershed Forest Reserve in Lake Sebu,
South Cotabato.148
The NISSAP provides a framework for coordinated
and multisectoral management of IAS. It aims to
foster cooperation among relevant government,
civil society organizations, industries, local
communities and other stakeholders for a
collective and coordinated action to reduce the
rate of biodiversity loss through the prevention of
the introductions and spread of IAS, and minimize
their impacts. It has a total of 16 objectives and
84 Planned Actions to be implemented during the
period 2015-2025, across three timelines: shortterm (2015-2017), medium-term (2018-2020),
and long-term (2021-2025).

Target 10. Vulnerable ecosystems

Many of the countrys islands are considered
vulnerable ecosystems and are critical hotspots
for biodiversity. Species that are endemic to
specific
islands, such as the endangered
Tamaraw (Bubalus mindorensis) found only in
the island of Mindoro, the Philippine mouse deer
(Tragulus nigricans) in the islands of Palawan,
the Philippine eagle (Pithecophaga jefferyi) in the
islands of Luzon, Mindanao, Samar and Leyte and
the pitcher plant (Nepenthes hamiguitanensis)
in the island of Mindanao, are particularly
vulnerable. The Verde Island Passage Marine
Corridor is recognized as the center of the
center of marine shorefish diversity in the world
while the Sulu Sulawesi Marine Ecoregion is
recognized as having the highest coral diversity in
the world. Many of these biodiversity-rich islands
are also severely threatened by overutilization of
resources, loss of habitats and climate change.149

Under EO 79 (2012), island ecosystems are

among the No-Go Zones considered closed to
mineral contracts, concessions and agreements.
The implementing rules define these ecosystems
as terrestrial, inland water and coastal marine
environments in an oceanic island possessing
unique but fragile and vulnerable ecosystems,
where a community of living organisms (plants,
animals and microbes), in conjunction with the
non-living components of their environment, are
interacting as a system.150 Their declaration as
No-Go Zones means that no new mines can be
opened in island ecosystems. However, mining
contracts, agreements and concessions approved
before the effectivity of EO 79 continue to be valid,
but are subject to periodic review and monitoring
by the DENR to determine their compliance with
laws, rules and regulations.

142 Assessing Progress Towards the 2010 Biodiversity Target: The 4th National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity

Republic of the Philippines.

143 Id 23
144 Id 94
145 Id 89
146 Id
147 Id
148 Philippine Star. DENR Launches Invasive Alien Species Project. The Philippine Star, 13 January 2013. Accessed May 11, 2014.

http://www.philstar.com/agriculture/2013/01/13/896222/denr-launches-invasive-alien-species-project

149 DENR, Paje Calls for Protection of Island Biodiversity Ecosystems. DENR News and Features, 24 May 2014. Accessed May 30,

2014.
http://www.denr.gov.ph/news-and-features/latest-news/1809-paje-calls-for-protection-of-island-biodiversity-ecosystems.
html.
150 DENR Administrative Order 2012-07 (10 September 2012) Sec. 3(e)

55

Goal C: Improve the status of biodiversity by safeguarding

ecosystems, species and genetic diversity
The relevant Aichi Targets to accomplish Goal C are Targets 11 (Protected areas), 12 (Preventing
extinctions) and 13 (Genetic diversity). These targets are currently addressed through some initiatives
described below.

Target 11. Protected areas

PA categories may be distinguished according
to their specific institutional arrangements
or governance structures. This expands the
International Union for Conservation of Nature
(IUCN) and NIPAS Act definition of PAs, allowing
any number of governance types to apply as long
as the management objective is achieved. There
are four distinct governance types for each of
the PA categories: 1) state; 2) shared; 3) private;
and 4) indigenous peoples or local communities
151
Currently, 202 areas spanning 2,567,317.91
hectares are under the NIPAS, 196 of these are
under DENR administration, with the remaining
six under the administration of other government
agencies.152
An assessment of state and shared governance,
particularly on the management effectiveness of
protected areas was also undertaken through
the Deutsche Gesellschaft fr Internationale
Zusammenarbeit
(GIZ)-funded
project
on
Protected Area Management Enhancement in
the Philippines (PAME). The project aimed to: a)
improve the protection and management of 61
existing terrestrial and MPAs in KBAs; b) improve
the management and technical capacities of
relevant DENR BMB staff at all levels; c) establish
additional 100 conservation areas under innovative
conservation management systems; and d)
improve knowledge management and awareness
about the values of biodiversity. In 2013, PAME
assessed the management effectiveness of over
25% of 240 NIPAS sites using the Management
Effectiveness Tracking Tool (METT) and found out
that management effectiveness in 61 PAs remain
poor.153
Through the NewCAPP, Indigenous Community
Conservation Areas (ICCAs) have been instituted
as a new governance regime and a cost-effective
approach to the management of KBAs and

other areas with high conservation and cultural

values. The system of ICCAs complements the
national PA system, thereby ensuring adequate
coverage, with due recognition to the important
roles the indigenous peoples (IP) communities
and ancestors have played in KBA protection.
Seven pilot sites have been identified:
1)
Menuvu community in Mt. Kalatungan Range
Natural Park, Bukidnon; 2) Ayta community in
the Cabangan, Zambales KBA; 3) Tau Buid and
Buhid Indigenous Peoples in the Mindoro KBA;
4) Balbalan and Balatok Indigenous Peoples in
the Banao Watershed, covering the BalbalasangBalbalan Natural Park in Kalinga; 5) Dumagat
Remontados community in Mts. Irid Angelo and
Binuang in the Sierra Madre Biodiversity Corridor;
6) The community in the San Felipe, Zambales
KBA; and 7) Mamanwa Indigenous Peoples in the
Mt. Hilong Hilong KBA in Surigao (see Box 6).
The Menuvu IP community in the Mt. Kalatungan
Range in Bukidnon and Indigenous Peoples
Organization Maporac Ayta Association in the
Cabangan, Zambales KBA have been registered
at the United Nations Environment Program/
World Conservation Monitoring Center (UNEP/
WCMC) Global ICCA database. The Philippine
experience with ICCAs also garnered attention at
the 11th Conference of the Parties (COP11) to the
CBD, where it was cited as a best practice and
a viable parallel approach to PA governance and
achievement of the Aichi Biodiversity Targets.
In March 2014, the DENR-BMB led the launch of
a National PA System Master Plan aiming to: 1)
define a more strategic perspective in assessing
the current portfolio of PAs; 2) rationalize the
expansion of PAs under a national system; and
3) provide a better rationale on the need for PAs
within the broader context of national sustainable
development.154

Norma Molinyawe. Philippine Protected Area Master Plan Formulation. (Presentation given at the PA System Master Plan
Launch Workshop, 4-5 March 2014, Quezon City)
152 DENR-BMB. PAWB Cue Cards 2014. (Presentation from the DENR Biodiversity Management Bureau)
E. S. Guiang and G.C. Braganza. National Management Effectiveness and Capacity Assessment of Protected Areas in the
153 Philippines: Draft Report. Manila, Philippines: GIZ, 2014.
154 DENR-BMB. Preparation of the National Protected Area System Master Plan: Launch of Stage 1 Stocktaking Process.
Workshop proceedings from the Protected Area System Master Plan Launch Workshop, Quezon City, Philippines, March 2014.
151

56

Box 6. A Mix of Tradition and Innovation:

Empowering Indigenous Cultural

Communities in Fostering Conservation

A development in PA management in the

country is the recognition of traditional
governance as practiced in Indigenous
Community Conserved Areas (ICCAs).
Regardless if the State recognizes them or
not, ICCAs are regarded to exist and have
long played a direct role in the conservation
and maintenance of ecosystems and the
species that inhabit them.
Under the Indigenous Peoples Rights
Act (IPRA) of 1997, indigenous cultural
communities or ICCs are vested the
right to manage their ancestral domains
through traditional resources management
practices. Through the Ancestral Domain
Sustainable Management and Protection
Plan (ADSDPP), they further have the right
to define the development and conservation
priorities of these ancestral domains.
As of 2012, a total area of 4,323,782.7227
hectares is covered by Approved Ancestral
Domains, of which 158 are CADTs and
258 CALTs. The estimated ICCA coverage
is 69,011 hectares or 12 percent of total
terrestrial area.

There is an increasing demand by more

IP communities to have their own ICCAs
documented
and
mapped.
Already,
community requests have been expressed
by the following:
Tau Buhid tribe in Mts. Iglit- Baco
National Park
Katibean na Mamanwa ka CARAGA
ICCA declaration in their respective
ancestral domain and the whole of Lake
Mainit KBA
Talaandig in Miarayon in Mt. Kalatungan
Range Natural Park
Higaunon of Kalanawan in Misamis
Oriental and Bukidnon
Manobo tribe in Magpet, North Cotabato
located in Mt. Apo Natural Park
Kalinga and Abra provinces in
Cordillera (Binongan tribe, Mabaca tribe,
3 barangays in Banao area, Gubang tribe,
and Masadiit tribe

In response to the increasing recognition

of ICCAs by the international community
and the national government, coupled with
the growing need to empower the IPs in
their role in the new governance regime,
a national consortium was formed with the
Koalisyon Ng Katutubo at Samahan Ng
Pilipinas (KASAPI) designated to establish
the National ICCA Network in the Philippines.
In November 2011, the consortium launched
a series of subnational workshops in the
National Capital Region, Davao City and
Cagayan De Oro. The gatherings were
attended by more than 90 IP representatives,
mostly practitioners of customary law, peace
and development and 50 delegates from
the academe, private and nongovernment
sectors and government agencies that were
supportive of the ICCA. These culminated
in the Manila Declaration on ICCAs in
March 2012 which expressed demand of IP
communities for support in documentation,
mapping and registration, setting up of
an ICCA Registry and the organization
of a national consortium as a means for
exchange, advocacy and solidifying their
stand on issues threatening the sustainability
of ICCAs.

Photo from: DENR-BMB

57

Target 12. Preventing extinctions

There are many efforts and approaches being
undertaken by the national and local governments,
civil society organizations and the business
sector to prevent extinction. These include
species-specific programs on the endangered
Philippine Eagle undertaken by the Philippine
Eagle Foundation Inc. and the Philippines
Raptors Conservation Program of government,
the Tamaraw Conservation
Program and
several others cited in Chapter 1 of this Report.
Components of these programs include CEPA,
captive propagation and population surveys,
among others.

Other approaches to prevent extinction include law

enforcement and cooperation between and among
enforcement agencies on illegal trade. From 2009
to 2013, government law enforcement agencies
have successfully effected 136 confiscations of
illegally traded wildlife, including live mammals,
reptiles and birds, insects and wildlife by-products
and derivatives (Table 17).

Table 17. Confiscated Wildlife, 2009-2013

Wildlife
Mammals
Birds
Reptiles
Insects
Arachnids
Wildlife by-products & derivatives
Various products

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

Units

11

183

24

36

2948

head

722

775

427

244

687

head

66

1510

1962

223

438

head

3724

pcs

25

25

pcs.

208

17

166

88

9228

pcs.

*7.02

**344.4

***2

various

*kg.of turtle meat, deer meat

** kg. turtle meat, turtle scutes, pangolin meat, snake skin and meat, pangolin scales, birds nest,
*** sacks of marine turtle meat

Source: DENR-BMB

Confiscations of wildlife from 2009 to 2013 have resulted to the filing of 62 cases against the alleged
perpetrators in accordance with Philippine laws (Table 18).
Table 18. Confiscations of wildlife and cases filed in court, 2009-2013
2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

Total no. of confiscations

15

32

45

31

14

Total no. of cases filed in court

15

15

15

12

Source: DENR-BMB

More recently, in February 2014, five persons

were apprehended and charged for smuggling 79
exotic birds and animals from Indonesia into the
country. The confiscated animals included species
listed under the Convention on International Trade
in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora
(CITES) Appendix I and the IUCN list of critically
endangered species155.

In addition, consistent with the countrys

obligations as a party to the CITES, the DENR
destroyed over four tons of illegal ivory in 2013 to
show its commitment to stop illegal wildlife trade.
This was the first time that an Asian country and
a non-elephant range state destroyed its ivory
stockpile and was a significant effort for a country
identified as a major transit point for illegal ivory
(see Box 7).

155 Mindanews, Raps Filed vs. Smugglers of Wildlife from Indonesia. Mindanews, 24 February 2014. Accessed February 26, 2014.

http://www.mindanews.com/top-stories/2014/02/24/raps-filed-vs-smugglers-of-wildlife-from-indonesia/

58

Box 7. Stopping Ivory Smuggling and the Cycle of Killing

On 21 June 2013, the DENR destroyed
over four tons of confiscated ivory
amounting to PhP 420 million (US$10
Million) at the grounds of the Ninoy
Aquino Parks and Wildlife Center in
Quezon City. The event was attended by
key DENR officials, representatives from
African governments, anti-ivory trade
advocates and media. All of DENRs
ivory stock were destroyed, except 106
pieces to be repatriated to Kenya and few
other pieces held in custody for purposes
of training, enforcement and education.
The tusks were initially crushed and later
cremated at the animal crematorium of
the Bureau of Animal Industry.
The ivory was part of the total cargo of
elephant tusks, reported to be smuggled
from source countries like Kenya,
Tanzania, Zambia and Uganda, that
was intercepted by the customs officials
since nationwide operations in 2009 and
handed over to the DENR- PAWB (now
BMB) for storage.
This dramatic gesture was done to issue
a strong statement of the Philippines
support and commitment towards the
international campaign to end illegal
wildlife species trade. According to
DENR Secretary Ramon Paje, despite
the value of the ivory, what they represent
are hundreds of poached elephants.
Paje pronounced that the Philippines
refuses to be part of the cycle of killing

Photo credit: Alex Hofford

and will not tolerate illegal wildlife trade. This

is a bold step forward for one of the gang of
eight countries that have been identified by
the CITES as parties in the illegal ivory trade.
The Philippines is particularly cited for being
both a consumer of ivory and transit country for
smuggled ivory making its way from the African
countries to China, one of the two biggest
markets.

See related news articles:

Http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013/06/130618-philippines-ivory-crush-elephants-poaching-world-asia)
Http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/427439/denr-to-crush-seized-elephant-tusks-drops-ceremonial-burnin)
Http://globalnation.inquirer.net/77083/p420m-worth-of-elephant-tusks-to-be-crushed-burned-by-denr-on-june-2)
Http://www.rappler.com/nation/31840-five-tons-ivory-tusks-crushed

To further step up these efforts, the Philippine Operations Group on Ivory and Illegal Wildlife Trade
(POGI) was instituted in 2013. This is a multi-agency group that combines officers from the DENR,
Bureau of Customs, National Bureau of Investigation, Philippine National Police and the National
Intelligence Coordinating Agency to combat wildlife poaching and the illegal wildlife trade by improving
enforcement of pertinent laws and regulations. POGI launched the "Wildlife Enforcement Awards" to
encourage support and assistance of the whole citizenry in the fight against illegal wildlife trade. Sixtytwo (62) private individuals and officers from non-POGI member-agencies received the First Wildlife
Enforcement Awards in November 2013.

59

Target 13. Genetic diversity

For many decades, the countrys focus has
been more on agricultural productivity than
agrobiodiversity conservation. However, the
negative effects of unregulated agricultural
intensification have brought attention to the need
for agrobiodiversity conservation. The GEF-FAO
Project on Globally Important Agricultural Heritage
Systems (GIAHS) has contributed to increasing the
awareness of the importance of agrobiodiversity,
including recognition of traditional crop varieties
and livestock breeds and traditional practices that
conserve these.
There are more than 5,500 traditional rice varieties
and their wild relatives, indigenous and endemic
species of vegetable and crops including varieties
of eggplants, mungbeans, taro, yam, banana and
abaca, among many others.156 Local communities,
particularly smallholder and family farmers,
have long held traditional agricultural practices
that conserve and enhance these resources.
However, many of these practices are threatened.
Farming of traditional varieties are now confined
to specific highland areas while monocultures
and agricultural practices incompatible with the
conservation of agrobiodiversity dominate lowland
agricultural systems.157
The country also has the largest national
germplasm collection in Southeast Asia. To
conserve this, the University of the Philippines
Los Baos, with support from the Department
of Science and Technology (DOST) began a
Program to Restore National Germplasm in
2012. This program aims to restore crop diversity,

particularly of key products such as vegetables,

food legumes, feed crops, cereals, industrial
crops, fruits and nuts and develop new in-vitro
conservation strategies.158
The National Research and Development
Program on Organic Vegetables is also currently
underway. This program studies methods of
varietal selection and seed production, nutrient
management, insect pest and disease control and
transfer of developed products and technologies
to preserve the genetic diversity of local vegetables
while improving vegetable crop production.159
To conserve the genetic diversity of animal
species, the Bureau of Animal Industry (BAI)
began implementing the Philippine Native Animal
Development Program. This was mandated by
Department of Agriculture Administrative Order
No. 15, issued in 2010. Among this programs
aims is to centralize a gene pool for native pigs
and poultry at the BAI, while strengthening
collaboration with the academe and research
institutions.
A recent study on marine mollusks done by the
University of the Philippines- Marine Science
Institute (UP-MSI) in collaboration with universities
in North America showed that these mollusks
have unusual bacteria strains that have potentials
for utility as drugs for nervous system disorders
and cancer. There are more benefits that can be
tapped from our genetic resources but there has
been little investment in studying these resources
and benefits. 160

156 The Philippines Country Report on the State of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (Nestor and Teresita H.

157

158

159
160

Borromeo. The State of the Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture of the Philippines (1997-2006): A Country Report.
Philippines: Department of Agriculture (DA) - Bureau of Plant Industry (BPI), 2007) provides a detailed breakdown agricultural
species and varieties.
Identification Form on RicePlus Dynamic conservation and sustainable use of agro-biodiversity in rice-based farming
systems of the Philippines. Global Environment Fund. Accessed March 21, 2014. http://www.thegef.org/gef/sites/thegef.org/files/
gef_prj_docs/GEFProjectDocuments/Biodiversity/Philippines%20-%20(5549)%20-%20RicePlus-Dynamic%20Conservation%20
%20and%20Sustainable/Philippines_PIF_for_resubmission_29_August_2013.pdf
Erika Devega. PGR and Veggies R and D Programs Reviewed. PCAARRD, 17 June 2013. Accessed May 11, 2014. http://www.
pcaarrd.dost.gov.ph/home/ssentinel/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2160%3Apgr-and-veggies-rad-programsreviewed&Itemid=41
Id
Z. Lin et al. A Bacterial Source for Mollusk Pyrone Polyketides, Chemistry and Biology 20:1 (2013). Accessed February 25, 2014.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1074552112004206

60

Goal D. Enhance the benefits to all from biodiversity

and ecosystem service
The relevant Aichi Targets to accomplish Goal D are Targets 14 (Essential ecosystem services), 15
(Ecosystem resilience) and 16 (Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-Sharing). These targets are
currently addressed through some initiatives described below.

Target 14. Essential ecosystem services

One of the essential goods and services provided
by a healthy watershed is water for domestic,
agricultural, industrial and commercial uses,
among many others. There are current programs
focused on ensuring the protection, conservation
and sustainable use of watersheds, among which
are the DENR-River Basin Control Office-led
preparation of river basin master plans of 18 major
river basins, of which seven have been completed
as of 2013. These are Cagayan, Mindanao,
Buayan-Malungon, Agusan, Pampanga, PasigLaguna de Bay and Agno River Basins. The river
basin master plans for Abra, Bicol, Abulog, TagumLibuganon, Ilog-Hilabangan, Panay, Tagoloan,
Agus, Davao and Cagayan de Oro and Jaluar
River Basins are still under preparation. The
ADB-funded Integrated Natural Resources and
Environmental Management Project (INREMP)
is assisting the Chico River Basin in Cordillera
Administrative Region, Wahig Inabanga River
Basin in Bohol Island, Lake Lanao River Basin in
the Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao and

the Upper Bukidnon River Basin in Bukidnon in

river basin and watershed planning, and capacity
building of IPs and resource-poor communities
to reduce the degradation of watersheds and
associated ecosystem services caused by forest
denudation and unsustainable farming practices.
In addition, the National Convergence Initiative
of the DA, Department of Agrarian Reform,
DENR and the Department of Interior and Local
Governments was launched in 2012 to improve,
conserve, protect and rehabilitate natural
resources. One of the objectives is to promote
sustainable upland development and forest
management, using an integrated ecosystems
approach as a tool for intervention.161 Under
this initiative, over 100 watersheds have been
targeted, many outside of the priority river basins.
It is hoped that these initiatives can contribute
to ensuring essential ecosystem services are
sustained.

Target 15. Ecosystem resilience

The National Climate Change Action Plan seeks,
among others, to enhance the adaptive capacity
of communities and the resilience of natural
ecosystems to climate change. To implement this
plan at the local level, the strategy of building
ecologically sound, stable and economicallyresilient towns or eco-towns was launched in 2012.
These eco-towns are planning units composed of
municipalities or a group of municipalities located
within and around boundaries of critical key
biodiversity areas, which are at high risk to climate
change.162This strategy is currently being piloted
in six localities and is implemented in partnership
with the Global Green Growth Institute, USAID
and the Asian Development Bank.
It is expected that the eco-town framework will yield
benefits for both ecosystems and the people that

depend on them. Communities enjoy increased

income through climate-resilient livelihood
projects and financing schemes, supported by
climate-smart infrastructure. Ecosystems are
given the opportunity to regenerate as biodiversity
is conserved, and watersheds and mangrove
areas are given adequate protection.163
Other approaches to ensuring ecosystem
resilience include the restoration and maintenance
of healthy mangroves to combat strong typhoons
and storm surges. Several P/P/As are in place,
among them the ICRMP which is complementing
the NGP by supporting the rehabilitation and
reforestation of about 2,000 hectares of mangrove
and about 7,000 hectares of watershed areas with
active participation of local communities in about
80 LGUs nationwide.164

161 Executive Order No. 26 s. 2011 Declaring an Interdepartmental Convergence Initiative for a National Greening Program and

Draft DA-DAR-DENR-DILG Joint Administrative Order s. 2012 Strengthening the Policy and Implementation Framework for the
National Convergence Initiative among DA, DAR, DENR, and DILG
162 Ecotown Demonstration Framework. Climate Change Commission. Accessed March 10, 2014. http://www.climate.gov.ph/project/
ecotown
163 Id
164 DENR. Sustaining our Coasts: The Ridge-to-Reef Approach -- A Compilation of Technical and Policy Papers: National Integrated
Coastal Management Program (NICMP). Quezon City, Philippines: DENR Integrated Coastal Resources Management Project
(ICRMP), 2013, 79.

61

Target 16.Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-Sharing (ABS)

The Philippines has been at the forefront on the
issue of ABS since 1995 when EO 247 was
issued, prescribing guidelines and establishing
a regulatory framework for the prospecting
of biological and genetic resources, their byproducts and derivatives, for scientific and
commercial purposes and for other purposes.
EO 247 attempted to ensure that benefits derived
from the use or commercialization of these
resources are shared with source communities
by requiring that prior informed consent (PIC)
of local or IP communities
and research
agreements are obtained prior to bioprospecting.
The implementation of EO 247 proved to be a
constraint especially to academic and research
and development communities because of the
tedious process of approval. From 1995-2009,
there were only four approved applications for
research agreements, all from one university.

purposes. Consequently, a Joint DENR-DAPCSD-NCIP Administrative Order (AO) No. 1 or

the Guidelines for Bioprospecting Activities in the
Philippines was issued, which subsumed the ABS
provisions and superseded EO 247.

Under this regime, only two bioprospecting

applications for organisms with medicinal and
therapeutic uses were approved (GRIP-09,
2010)165 from 13 applications for Commercial
Research Agreement and one Academic
Research Agreement out of 20 applications.
Regulations on bioprospecting were streamlined
with the passage of RA 9147, which redefined
bioprospecting as research, collection and
utilization of biological resources for commercial

The Philippines has participated actively in the

negotiations on the international regime on ABS
since 2004. While not yet a signatory to the
Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit Sharing,
the country participates in the negotiations and
meetings to address outstanding issues. At
present, the Instrument of Ratification/Accession
to the Nagoya Protocol has been transmitted by
the Department of Foreign Affairs to the Office of
the President.

Likewise, in the recently revised NCIP

Administrative Order No. 3 (2012) or the Revised
Guidelines for Free, Prior and Informed Consent
(FPIC) and Related Processes, bioprospecting
in Ancestral Domains is considered an intrusive
activity that must comply with the full FPIC
process. Academic research and other research
activities on IP Knowledge, Systems and Practices
(IKSP) must likewise comply with a shorter
consent process, detailed in NCIP Administrative
Order No. 1, or the IKSPs and Customary Laws
Research and Documentation Guidelines, also
adopted in 2012.

Goal E: Enhance implementation through participatory

planning, knowledge management and capacity building
The relevant Aichi Targets to accomplish Goal E are Targets 17 (NBSAPs), 18 (Traditional knowledge),
19 (Biodiversity knowledge) and 20 (Resource mobilization). These targets are currently addressed
through some initiatives described below.

Target 17. NBSAPs

Annex 3 shows the updated PBSAP 2014-2025 which is currently being finalized after a series of
multistakeholder consultations throughout the country. Indicators, targets, implementation and
monitoring and evaluation plans are also being finalized.

165 ASEAN Centre for Biodiversity. Policy Brief on Access and Benefit Sharing: Issue 3 (October 2013). Laguna, Philippines: ASEAN

Centre for Biodiversity, 2013 citing GRIP-09, 2010

62

Target 18. Traditional knowledge

The Philippine legal system recognizes the value
of traditional knowledge of IPs and provides for
safeguards to ensure that this knowledge is protected
and maintained.166
Under the Indigenous Peoples Rights Act (IPRA) of
1997, the IPs right to cultural integrity entitles them to full
ownership and protection of their cultural and intellectual
rights (Sec. 34). The IPRA likewise mandates the State
to take measures to ensure IPs right to restitution of
any cultural, intellectual, religious and spiritual property
that has been taken without their consent (Sec. 32).
To this end, FPIC is required for activities that may
affect spiritual and religious traditions, customs and
ceremonies, including the conduct of research on
Indigenous Knowledge Systems and Practices (IKSP).
RA 8293 or the Philippine Intellectual Property Law of
1997 affirms this protection. RA 8423 or the Traditional
and Alternative Medicine Act of 1997 establishes
as State policy the need to put in place a legally
workable basis by which indigenous societies can own
their knowledge of traditional medicine and demand
acknowledgement and shares of financial returns from
commercial use in cases where this knowledge is used
by outsiders (Sec. 2). To do this, the Implementing Rules
of this law provide for the creation of mechanisms to
inventory and document knowledge systems relevant
to the utilization of biological and genetic resources
that are applied in traditional and alternative health
care and monitor and obtain redress against natural
health products that have not complied with pertinent
regulations (Rule IX). In addition, RA 10055 or the

Philippine Technology Transfer Act of 2009 requires

Research and Development Institutes that avail of
funding from government to disclose any biodiversity
and genetic resource, traditional knowledge and IKSP
in their applications for Intellectual Property protection
(Sec. 8). Recently, RA 10076 or the National Cultural
Heritage Act of 2009 identified as intangible cultural
heritage such practices, representations, expressions,
knowledge, skills as well as the instruments, objects
and artifacts associated therewith, that communities,
groups and individuals recognize as part of their cultural
heritage, such as: (1) oral traditions, languages and
expressions; (2) performing arts; (3) social practices,
rituals and festive events; (4) knowledge and practices
concerning nature and the universe; and (5) traditional
craftsmanship (Sec 3x). It also identified as intangible
cultural property peoples learned processes along
with the knowledge, skills and creativity that inform and
are developed by them, the products they create and
the resources, spaces and other aspects of social and
natural context necessary for their sustainability (Sec
3y).
Inter-agency convergence was also strengthened
by the signing of a MOA among the NCIP, National
Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCAA) and
Intellectual Property Office of the Philippines (IPO) in
June 2011. This MOA sought to establish a coherent
and coordinated inter-agency initiative to work towards
preserving, protecting and promoting the intellectual
property of the indigenous peoples and the indigenous
cultural communities and safeguard the countrys
cultural heritage.167

Target 19. Biodiversity knowledge

In December 2008, RA 9512 or the National
Environmental Awareness and Education Act was
passed, mandating the integration of environmental
education in the school curricula at all levels. Per
the laws definition, environmental education shall
include modules, activities, projects and programs on,
among others tree planting, freshwater and marine
conservation, forest management and conservation
and relevant livelihood opportunities and economic
benefits.168 Pursuant to this, the Department of
Education (DepEd) issued Order No. 52 series of 2011,
on strengthening environmental education in public and
private schools. This order mandated, among others,
intensified lessons on environmental concerns in
science subjects, enhanced methods for environmental
education and increased capacity building for school
administrators, officials and teachers.
R.A. 9512 also declared November of every year
Environmental Awareness Month throughout the
country.169 As part of the celebrations, a National
Search for Sustainable and Eco-friendly Schools was

held in 2009, 2011 and 2013 to encourage academic

institutions to participate in finding solutions to
environmental issues.170 This competition received
strong support from private sector partners.
The 2011 winner for the secondary schools category,
the Camarines National High School, distinguished
itself with its School in a Garden program, maintaining
a mini-garden, mini-forest, urban vegetable garden,
orchidarium, and a 3-hectare area in the Mt. Isarog
National Park.171
The Philippine CHM continues to be a repository of
biodiversity data contributed by other data holders.
Information is also being shared through scientific
conferences like the Annual Symposia of the Wildlife
Conservation Society of the Philippines and the
Philippine Association of Marine Science and the
National Cave Congress, among others. Information
on biodiversity is also generated from various research
and development agenda such as the DENR-ERDBs
R&D Program and through citizen science.

166 Elpidio Peria. Traditional Knowledge and Indigenous Peoples: The Philippine Legal Landscape (Presentation given at the Forum

on Intellectual Property and Indigenous Knowledge, 21-22 March 2012, Manila)

167 Robert Nereo Samson. Intellectual Property and Indigenous Knowledge. (Presentation at the Forum on Intellectual Property and

Indigenous Knowledge, Manila, Philippines, 21 March 2012)

168 Republic Act 9512 (2008) Sec. 3

169 Id Sec 5
170 DENR, DENR Opens National Search for Sustainable and Eco-friendly Schools. DENR News and Features, 4 November 2012.

Accessed March 15, 2014. http://www.denr.gov.ph/news-and-features/latest-news/1025-denr-opens-2013-national-search-forsustainable-and-eco-friendly-schools-.html

171 Additional information is available at http://www.sustainableschools.ph/index.html

63

Target 20. Resource mobilization

Resources can be mobilized from various sources,
among them national and local governments,
overseas development assistance, CSOs, private
sector and other development partners.
The NIPAS Act provided for the establishment of
an Integrated Protected Areas Fund (IPAF) where
revenues generated from PAs are deposited
and utilized for the protection, maintenance,
administration and management of the PAs. As of
2014, only 149 PAs (62%) of the 240 PAs have
established their PA funds and only 30 PAs (20%)
of these 149 PAs have accessed their funds.
Entrance fees and facilities user fees are often
the most collected fees, with only 44 (18%) of
the 240 PAs charging entrance fees and 31 (13%)
PAs imposing facilities user fees. 172
The Wildlife Management Fund established
pursuant to Section 29 of RA 9147 became

operational in 2011 by virtue of Republic Act

10147 (General Appropriations Act for FY 2011)
and upon designation of a Special Account for
the Fund in the National Treasury (coded as
Fund 151) by the Department of Budget and
Management. The DENR can utilize a maximum
limit of PhP5.50M from the Wildlife Management
Fund annually for enforcement, monitoring and
enhancement of capabilities of relevant agencies,
among other allowable activities.
Annex 4 and 4a show a list of biodiversity-related
P/P/As funded by multilateral, bilateral, CSOs and
the private sector. Other funds for biodiversityrelated work such as research, advocacy,
capacity building and community enterprise can
be sourced from the FPE, PTFCF, Foundation
for a Sustainable Society Inc., Peace and Equity
Foundation and the UNDP-GEF Small Grants
Program, among others.

3.2 Contribution of Actions towards the 2015

Millennium Development Goals (MDG)
The MDGs focus on eight major goals to be attained by
2015, namely: 1) end poverty and hunger; 2) universal
education; 3) gender equality; 4) child health; 5)
maternal health; 6) combat HIV/AIDS; 7) environmental
sustainability; and 8) global partnership.
Biodiversity-related actions have mainly addressed
MDG 7, particularly the following identified targets under
this Goal: Target 10 (Implement national strategies for

sustainable development by 2005, to reverse loss of

environmental resources by 2015); Target 11 (Halve
the proportion of people with no access to safe drinking
water and basic sanitation or those who cannot afford
it by 2015); and Target 12 (Achieve a significant
improvement in the lives of at least 100 million slum
dwellers by 2020). Nonetheless, note that the targets
and indicators for MDG 7 comprise only a small part of
what it means to ensure environmental sustainability.

For Target 10, the following indicators used were:

Proportion of land area covered by forest

20.5
(1990)

23.9
(2003)

22.8
(2010)

Consumption of ozone-depleting Chlorofluorocarbon/

CFCs (Ozone Depletion Potential or ODP tons)

2981
(1990)

236
(2009)

0
(2012)

Ratio of area protected to maintain biological diversity to

surface area

8.5
(1990)

13.5
(2010)

13.6
(2012)

Number of faunal species threatened with extinction

183
(1992)

221
(2006)

207
(2012)

Sources: NSCB 2013, MDG Watch; NSCB 2014, MDG Watch;

DAO No. 2004-15 re: National List of Threatened Terrestrial Species of Wild Fauna
and 2011 CITES Appendices

In general, the data from the DENR-FMB cited

by the National Statistical Coordination Board
(NSCB) shows that forest cover decreased. Data
from the DENR-EMB shows that the consumption
of ozone-depleting CFCs (ODP tons) was

eliminated. Finally, data from the DENR-PAWB

shows that the coverage of Protected Areas
increased slightly and the number of species
threatened with extinction decreased.

172 REECS. Final Report on Sustainable Financing of Protected Areas: Report submitted to DENR-BMB and World Bank. Quezon

City, Philippines: REECS, 2014.

64

Several policies, programs and plans listed in

Section 2.3 of Chapter 2 are currently in place to
meet this target. There is specific guidance from
relevant biodiversity-related provisions of the
PDP 2011-2016, local Land Use and Development
Plans and from the Strategy and Action Plans on
wetlands, caves, peatlands, river basins, climate

change, disaster risk reduction and management

and desertification, land degradation and drought,
among others. A major challenge, however, is the
actual implementation of these plans, particularly
the sectoral plans and tracking aggregate results
and impact on environmental resources and
human well-being.

For Target 11, the following indicators used were:

Proportion of population with access to safe
water supply

73.0
(1990)

84.1
(2008),
84.4
(2011)

86.5
(2015
target)

Proportion of households with sanitary toilet

facility

67.6
(1990)

89.0
(2008),
91.9
(2011)

83.8
(2015
target)

Source: NSCB 2013, MDG Watch; NCSB 2014, MDG Watch

In sum, the data shows a more than 10-percent

increase in the proportion of the population with
access to safe water supply over an 18-year
period. With this trend, NEDA et al projected in
2007 that the 2015 target of 86.5 percent is likely
to be achieved.173
A government initiative that paid particular attention
to improving access to water was the Sagana at
Ligtas na Tubig Sa Lahat (SALINTUBIG) Program
implemented by the DILG, Department of Health
and the National Anti-Poverty Commission in
2010. SALINTUBIG aimed to enable identified
waterless municipalities improve their provision of
water services by providing capacity building and
infrastructure investment.174

Similarly, there was a more than 20-percent

increase in the proportion of households with
sanitary toilet facilities, already meeting the
target set by the National Statistics Office Annual
Poverty Indicators Survey in 2004.175
Consistent with these projections, data from 2011
supplied by the Philippine Statistics Authority
shows that 84.4 percent of the population enjoyed
access to safe water supply and 91.9 percent
of households had sanitary toilet facilities. With
more than 0.9 percent progress, there is thus
a high probability of meeting the 2015 goals for
these two targets.176 It is implied that a healthy
watershed, clean water sources and systems
can help maintain and sustain the well-being of
communities in these areas.

For Target 12, the following indicator was used:

Proportion of households with access to secure
tenure

91.0
(1990)

90.8
(2010)

Source: NSCB 2014, MDG Watch

Data shows a slight decrease in the proportion of

households with access to secure tenure.
Nonetheless, the National Priority Plan for 2014,
or the list of the governments priority projects,
programs and activities issued by NEDA on an
annual basis, includes the Community Mortgage
Program (CMP) and the High Density Housing
Program (HDHP). These programs, whichvv
are implemented by the Housing and Urban

Development Coordinating Council and Social

Housing Finance Corporation provide financing
options to organized associations of residents
in depressed areas to enable them to acquire
security of tenure and build their communities.177
More than tenure, it is important that these
communities are built in environmentally-secure
and safe areas, where exposure to geologic and
climate hazards are minimal.

173 NEDA et al Philippines Midterm Progress Report on the Millennium Development Goals (Pasig City: NEDA: 2007), 37 and

174
175
176
177

Roehlano Briones, et al. Assessing Development Strategies to Achieve the MDGs in the Republic of the Philippines (Philippines:
United Nations Department for Social and Economic Affairs, 2011), 14
NEDA, Socioeconomic Report of the first two years of the Aquino Administration 2010-2012 (Pasig City: NEDA: 2010), 93
NEDA et al, Philippines Midterm Progress Report on the Millennium Development Goals (Pasig City: NEDA: 2007), 37-8
MDG Watch 2014, Data as of May 2014, Accessed 5 August 2014, http://www.nscb.gov.ph/stats/mdg/mdg_watch.asp
2014 National Priority Plan, NEDA, Accessed 6 August 2014. http://www.neda.gov.ph/?p=2723,

65

3.3 Lessons learned

3.3.1 Highlights of Accomplishments and challenges
Among the major highlights of accomplishments to meet the Strategic Plan 2011-2020 and the Aichi
Biodiversity Targets are in the areas of PA governance, wildlife enforcement and mainstreaming of
biodiversity concerns through policy guidelines. These include:

Establishing Indigenous and Community-conserved Areas (ICCAs)

Traditional governance as practised in ICCAs has
long played a direct role in the conservation and
maintenance of ecosystems and the species that
inhabit them. There is increasing recognition of
ICCAs by the international community, the national
government and by the IPs in their role in this
new governance regime. A national consortium
called Koalisyon Ng Katutubo at Samahan Ng
Pilipinas (KASAPI) was designated to establish
the ICCA Network in the Philippines. More IP
communities have expressed to have their own

ICCAs documented and mapped.

Through the NewCAPP, the Philippines experience
in the recognition of ICCAs was presented during
COP11 and was cited as pioneering and one
of the best practices in global initiatives on the
recognition of ICCAs as a viable parallel approach
to PA governance and in the achievement of Aichi
targets. Aside from ICCA recognition, the role of
LGUs in local legislation and partnership with
stakeholders in this effort are being strengthened.

Mainstreaming Biodiversity in the Local Land Use Planning Process of LGUs.

The conservation and sustainable use of
biodiversity concerns all stakeholders.
It is
important to harness the cooperation of LGUs
and local stakeholders organizations in the
implementation of biodiversity related programs.
This can be addressed by ensuring that biodiversity
conservation is mainstreamed into the LGUs
governance system, particularly in decisionmaking, land use planning, zoning, investment
planning and program implementation. This will
also help institutionalize the co-management
of PAs, KBAs and Critical Habitats between the
DENR and LGUs.
Through the BPP, a framework and methods
for
mainstreaming
biodiversity
into
the
Comprehensive Land Use Plans (CLUP) of LGUs
has been prepared as a supplementary guide to

LGUs in the preparation of their plans. Among the

various land use management options proposed
to conserve biodiversity are: a) assessment of
the long-term implications of existing land uses
on PAs, KBAs and Critical Habitats; b) integration
of PA, KBAs and CH zoning with CLUP zoning;
c) monitoring of KBAs and Critical Habitats and
limiting agriculture and settlements to multiple use
zones of PAs; and d) relocation of incompatible
land uses within and in the periphery of Critical
Habitats, KBA protection areas and PA core or
strict protection zone. Given the novelty of this
tool, key government and LGU planners need
to be trained in its application. It is hoped that at
the end of the Project, pilot LGUs have integrated
and mainstreamed biodiversity into their land
use planning process and positive outcomes are
realized by the LGUs and their citizenry.

Leading action in wildlife traffic.

In 2013, the Philippines destroyed over four tons
of seized ivory worth roughly USD$6.5 million,
becoming the worlds first ivory-consuming
nation to destroy its national ivory stock. It sent

the message that the country denounces the

continuous killing of elephants for illicit ivory trade
and does not tolerate illegal wildlife trade in both
international and domestic markets.

66

Developing biodiversity-friendly businesses.

Several P/P/As have also focused on the
development of biodiversity-friendly businesses
as a means to address livelihood needs of
communities living in or in the peripheries of
PAS, KBAs and Critical Habitats and contribute in
significant wealth creation for these communities
and for the country.
Biodiversity-friendly businesses refer to economic
activities and practices that promote the
sustainable use of biodiversity. These include
environment-friendly and sustainable enterprises
and livelihoods (e.g. natural salt production,
reef discovery, ecotourism, including nature and
agri-tourism). The BPP has categorized these
businesses into: a) those directly contributing to

biodiversity conservation (e.g. planting of trees,

nature and agri-tourism); b) those that divert
attention from PAs, KBAs and Critical Habitats
(e.g. copra and coco sugar production); c) those
that involve payment for ecosystem services (e.g.
tour guiding, cave guiding); and d) those that
use non-timber products or non-endemic aquatic
resources (e.g. bag production using rattan, water
lily).
These major accomplishments are just in
their infancy and will encounter many hits and
misses in their implementation before any major
outcome can be achieved. It is hoped that the
lessons learned can be properly documented and
disseminated for future guidance.

3.3.2 Next Steps

The following actions are recommended to enhance implementation of the CBD and meet the strategic
goals and targets of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020:

Creating/establishing an updated PBSAP coordination

and management process and structure.
The PBSAP project management and stakeholders have recommended that there shall be created,
through an EO, a management structure that clearly sets the roles, functions and initial funds for the
implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the PBSAP. This approach will ensure that the indicators
and targets of identified direct and supporting actions are properly tracked against baselines and
progress or constraints to progress are identified and addressed accordingly;

Strengthening inter-agency, cross-sectoral

and multistakeholder partnerships and coordination.
The conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity is the concern not only of the DENR or the BMB
but other national and local governments, CSOs, academe and research institutes, private sector and
local communities as well. At the national level, the institutional responsibility for biodiversity appears
to be fragmented and focused largely on the DENR. Biodiversity and its attendant ecosystem services
are not limited to the ENR sector alone but cuts across various ecosystems, national and local agencies
and development sectors and should therefore be addressed in an integrated manner- across sectors,
agencies and disciplines.

Harmonizing and complementing biodiversity actions and sites.

There are many ongoing P/P/As with components on policy formulation, CEPA, biodiversity-friendly
business on enterprise, capacity building and sustainable financing, among others. However, there is
no comprehensive system for the harmonization and complementation of these projects and project
sites to ensure that resources are maximized and used judiciously and contributions to change or
collective outcomes are measured. The DENR-BMB has initiated efforts to harmonize activities
related to sustainable financing and PA management; however, this should be expanded to cover other
important components like CEPA, etc.

67

Encouraging private sector corporate responsibility and investments.

In most discourses and consultations on biodiversity and ecosystem services, including in the updating
of the PBSAP, there has been limited participation by the private sector. This does not mean that they
are less engaged since their corporate social responsibility often includes environment-related activities
such as tree-planting, community service, etc.
More than corporate social responsibility, however, the private sector can also invest in biodiversityfriendly businesses or engage communities as part of the value chain and help communities improve
their livelihoods. Documentation of best practices of private sector engagement in biodiversity-friendly
businesses, whether as micro, small, medium and large, can be a useful guide for other stakeholders
who are similarly interested.

Building appreciation and capacity of local governments

on biodiversity for wealth creation.
Biodiversity is wealth and this is a message that should be sent across to LGUs to enable them to
recognize the vast assets within their territorial jurisdiction. Local accounting and valuation of biodiversity
and ecosystem services can help local officials with planning and decision-making.

Addressing urbanization and food security

through urban biodiversity and agro-biodiversity.
Both urban biodiversity and agrobiodiversity are relatively novel focal areas compared to terrestrial,
inland wetlands, coastal and marine ecosystems. Yet its importance cannot be overemphasized. The
level of urbanization in the Philippines is estimated to be at 65% by 2030, up from the current estimate
of 49% by the National Economic and Development Authority (Ambanta, 2013). Rapid urbanization has
led to the expansion of city boundaries, counting biodiversity decline and habitat loss as some of the
most apparent yet poorly understood costs of growth. While the economic performance of cities is hailed
as a priority metric of development, this is measured with little regard for the biodiversity and ecosystem
services that are compromised by urbanization. It is important to: a) create a knowledge base about
urban biodiversity values that will be the reference point for future valuation and formulation of strategies
and action plans and b)enhance governance and capacities of national and local implementing bodies
in addressing urban biodiversity.
The same can be said of agrobiodiversity. Land use change and resulting habitat loss, overexploitation
and pollution have threatened many indigenous and endemic varieties and practices causing pressure
or loss of globally significant agricultural biodiversity in the Philippines. Among others, it is important to
improve the status of agrobiodiversity and promote biodiversity-friendly agriculture through direct actions
that incorporate agro biodiversity concerns in the management plans of biodiversity conservation areas
under PA or in non-PA conservation areas.

Documenting and scaling up best practices.

Many P/P/As have generated best practices in biodiversity conservation and sustainable use.
Undocumented best practices should be documented and documented best practices should be properly
disseminated for broader adoption, replication and/or scaling up. The first Protected Area Recognition
Awards can be expanded to include awards for best practices not by the PA but by national and local
agencies, business sector, academe, media, or even individual champions who have contributed to a
positive change in biodiversity conservation.

Valuating and financing biodiversity.

The real value of the ENR sector includes the ecosystem services that they provide but these are hardly
monetized and therefore not appreciated for their economic value which may be more valuable than the
market price of natural resources products.
The recent midterm review of the PDP has identified as a policy challenge the absence of ENR valuation
and accounting. Challenges to operations, on the other hand, include the inadequate and non-sustained
financing for ENR, climate change adaptation/mitigation and disaster risk reduction and management.
More efforts should be focused on these areas to ensure proper planning and decision making by
national and local authorities, and sustainability of PA operations and management, among others.

68

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Accessed 21 March 2014. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/2776

74

ANNEX 1
PHILIPPINE FACTS AND FIGURES
Area:

Total .. 300,000 km
2
Land
.. 298,170 km
Water .1, 830 km2
Boundaries:
North: Balintang Channel
South: Sulu and Celebes Sea
East:
Philippine Sea/Pacific Ocean
West: South China Sea
Total Coastline:
36, 289 km2
Maritime Claims:
Total Territorial waste area including
Exclusive Economic Zone 2,200,000 km2
Coastal
266,000 km2
Oceanic
1,934,000 km2
Continental shelf area
184,600 km2
Climate:
Tropical; northeast monsoon (Nov. to April);
Southwest monsoon (May to October)
Terrain:
Mostly mountains, with narrow to extensive coastal lowlands
Elevation extremes:
Lowest point
Philippines Sea 0 m.
Highest Point
Mt. Apo 2, 954 m
Land use:
Arable land
18%
Permanent crops
17%
Forest Cover
25%
Others
40%
Forestland
14.21 M has
Alienable and
Disposable Lands
15.98 M has
Protected Areas (PA & Buffer)
Zone (BZ)
Terrestrial ecosystem
Marine Ecosystem

5.23 M has (PA);

0.22 M has (BZ) ;
4.09 M has (PA);
0.20 M has (BZ);
1.14 M has (PA);
0.19 M has (BZ)

Environment International Agreements:

Party to: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test
Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Biodiversity-Cartegena Protocol, Wetlands, Migratory Species, World Heritage
Whaling, POPs

GDP (constant 2000 prices, 2012) PhP 10,564,886 M

GDP Growth Rate (2012)
8.9% (from 2011)
GDP composition by sector: (constant 2000 prices)
Agriculture (2012) PhP 698,937 M
Industry (2012) PhP 2,022,623 M
Services (2012)
PhP 3,590,111 M
Unemployment Rate
(4Q, 2013)
7.2%
Industrial production growth rate
5.39%
Agriculture production growth rate
2.81%
Agriculture products: rice, corn, sugar, sugarcane,
banana, pineapple, mango, cassava, and carabao, cattle, hogs, goats, chicken, ducks, livestock, and
poultry products
Exports (constant 2000 prices)
USD 77.07 M
Imports
USD 85.06 M
Exchange Rate (2012, Average)
PhP 42.2
Population (2010)
92,337,852
Population growth rate (1990-2010)
2.12%
Urban population (2010)
45.3%
Access to safe water
82.5%
(% of population 2010)
Life expectancy at birth (2015-2010)
Male
68.81
Female
74.34
Simple Literacy (2008)
95.6%
Functional Literacy (2008)
Male
84.2%
Female
88.7%
Elementary Participation rate
SY 2008-2009
89.12%
SY 2009-2010
89.43%
SY 2010-2011
95.92%
SY 2011-2012
97.32%
SY 2012-2013
95.24%
Visitors Arrivals (2013)
4,477,695
National Capital
Manila
Geo-political Subdivisions
Regions
17
Provinces
81
Cities
140
Municipalities
1,494
Barangays
42,026
Independence
June 12, 1898

Sources: Updated from 4th National Report; Philippine Statistical Yearbook 2013, 2010 Census of Population and
Housing, United Nations Statistical Yearbook (53rd Issue), Asian Development Outlook 2013

ANNEX2
PHILIPPINE BIODIVERSITY STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN 2014-2025
(Draft as of April 2014)
AICHI Strategic Goals being addressed
B. Reduce the direct pressures on biodiversity and promote sustainable use.
C. To improve the status of biodiversity by safeguarding ecosystems, species and genetic diversity.
D. Enhance the benefits to all from biodiversity and ecosystem services.
Terrestrial Ecosystems
AICHI Strategic
Timeframe
Priority Strategy 1
Direct Actions
Targets
1. Ensure all natural habitat types are
known and represented in the existing
2, 5, 11, 12, 14
S
plans.
2. Implement action plans on forests,
4, 5, 7, 11, 12, 14,
wetlands, caves, peat lands, and
L
15
mangroves.
3. Recognize the contribution of IPs and
1, 2, 4, 5, 11, 14,
M
LGUs to biodiversity conservation.
18
Protect and conserve
existing natural habitats
and pursue restoration
of the functionality of
degraded habitats.

Supporting Actions
4. Mainstream biodiversity conservation
into national and local planning
processes.
5. Increase awareness of various
stakeholders on Biodiversity to effect
behavioral change.
6. Implement priority legislative and policy
actions.

AICHI Strategic
Targets

Timeframe

1, 2, 4, 5, 11,

S, M, L

Responsible
Agencies

BMB*, FMB, ERDB

Depends on the
plan
BMB*, NCIP,
DILG, LGUs
Responsible
Agencies

PIA*, BMB*
1, 5, 11, 18, 19

S, M, L

1-20

BMB*, Congress,
NEDA
BMB*, FMB, ERDB

Priority Strategy 2

Effectively regulate use

of resources within
sustainable limits.

Priority Strategy 3
Conserve and protect
natural ecosystems to
improve the resilience
of vulnerable
communities.
Priority Strategy 4

Direct Actions

AICHI Strategic
Targets

Timeframe

Responsible
Agencies

AICHI Strategic
Targets

Timeframe

Responsible
Agencies

AICHI Strategic
Targets

Timeframe

7. Improve capacities of local stakeholders

and communities to control and limit
overexploitation and destructive
practices on agriculture and forestry
resources.
8. Facilitate the provision of biodiversity
friendly livelihood to the locals.
9. Adopt existing and develop new
technologies to reduce utilization of
existing resources.
10. Implement national species conservation
action plans for globally and nationally
threatened species.
Direct and Supportive Actions

Same as Direct and Supportive Actions in

Priority Strategies 1 and 2.

Direct Action

Arrest the proliferation

of invasive alien
species through
coordinated efforts on
11. Implement the National Invasive Species
awareness raising,
Strategy and Action Plan (NISSAP).
research, capacity
building and law
enforcement.
AICHI Strategic Goals being addressed

Responsible
Agencies

Aquatic Ecosystems (Freshwater and Marine)

Priority Strategy 5

Direct Actions
12. Rehabilitate identified priority areas
(criteria to be developed) i.e. degraded
riparian forests, peatlands, beach,
mangrove, intertidal areas, seagrass,
soft-bottom, coral reef habitats.
13. Establish additional critical habitats and
appropriately sized marine/wetland
protected areas and networks based on
the KBA identification process.

Implement habitat
rehabilitation programs
and strengthen
collaboration among
relevant agencies and
stakeholders on land
and water use, resource
extraction, ecosystem
restoration, law
enforcement and
sustainable livelihoods
especially for vulnerable
sectors such as
indigenous peoples,
women and youth.

Supporting Actions
14. Sustainably manage important
Philippine ecosystems through the
implementation of relevant action plans.
15. Strict enforcement of existing easement
policies within priority areas.

AICHI Strategic
Targets

Timeframe

11, 15

AICHI Strategic
Targets

Timeframe

11, 15

S, M, L

S, M, L

S, M, L

S, M, L

16. Mainstream biodiversity conservation

into national and local planning
processes.

17. Implement CEPA activities for various

stakeholders on biodiversity to effect
behavioral change.

Responsible
Agencies
DENR (FMB, BMB,
NAMRIA, DABFAR,
DENR (FMB,
DILG, BMB, LLDA,
special agencies,
NCIP, BFAR),
CSOs, Academe
Responsible
Agencies
DENR, NEDA,
DBM, LGUs,
CSOs, Academe,
BFAR
DENR-EMB, DILG,
CSOs, Private
sector (e.g.
Chambers), LGUs
DENR-BMB, DILG,
CSOs, Private
sector (e.g.
Chambers), LGUs,
HLURB, NEDA,
Leagues, NIA,
MWSS, RDCs,
Transco, NWRB,
LLDA, NCIP,
PCSD
DENR, PIA,
DepEd, CHED,
Academe, CSOs,

Priority Strategy 6

Direct Actions

AICHI Strategic
Targets

Timeframe

AICHI Strategic
Targets

Timeframe

All mass media,

Private sector,
Religious sector
Responsible
Agencies

18. Implement viable biodiversityfriendly,

sustainable livelihood interventions for
the locals.
Supporting Actions
Enhance the
participation and
involvement of local
communities for a more
responsive governance
mechanism and national
and local implementing
bodies

19. Improve capacities of local stakeholders

and communities to control and limit
overexploitation and destructive
practices on fisheries, agriculture,
aquaculture and forestry resources
through policy reform and advocacy,
trainings and intensive and extensive
awareness raising activities.
20. Manage a more equitable utilization of
mineral resources (e.g. from mining and
quarrying) and ensure minimal impact
on aquatic biodiversity).
21. Implement national species
conservation action plans for globally
and nationally threatened and CITES
species.

AICHI Strategic Goals being addressed

A. Address the underlying causes of biodiversity loss by mainstreaming biodiversity
B. Reduce the direct pressures on biodiversity and promote sustainable use.
C. To improve the status of biodiversity by safeguarding ecosystems, species and genetic diversity.
E. Enhance implementation through participatory planning, knowledge management and capacity-building

Responsible
Agencies

Agro Biodiversity
Priority Strategy 7

Improve status of Agro

biodiversity and promote
biodiversity-friendly
agriculture.

Direct Actions

AICHI Strategic
Targets

22. Incorporate agro biodiversity concerns

in management plans of biodiversity
conservation areas under PA or in nonPA conservation areas outside the PA
system (managed by communities or
LGUs).
23. Incorporate Agro biodiversity concerns
in land use guidelines of agricultural
landscapes not declared as
conservation areas.
24. Increase number of in situ and ex situ
sites actually conserving and
propagating diverse indigenous species
and varieties.
Supporting Actions
25. Promulgate research-based policies
that acknowledge the role of Agro
biodiversity in food security,
environmental management and
climate change adaptation; as well as
enhance such role through
implementation of agricultural support
services forcommunities that harbor
high Agro biodiversity.
26. Consider Intellectual Property Rights.
27. Strengthen the education system and
agriculture support services system for
IP managed areas with high Agro

Timeframe

Responsible
Agencies

AICHI Strategic
Targets

Timeframe

Responsible
Agencies

biodiversity(to address cultural erosion).

28. Undertake Research and Development
that establish the true value of areas of
agricultural landscapes harboring high
biodiversity, as well as value addition to
traditional products of Agro biodiversity.
29. Activate Sharing Network
AICHI Strategic Goals being addressed
A. Address the underlying causes of biodiversity loss by mainstreaming biodiversity
B. Reduce the direct pressures on biodiversity and promote sustainable use.
D. Enhance the benefits to all from biodiversity and ecosystem services
E. Enhance implementation through participatory planning, knowledge management and capacity-building
Urban Biodiversity
AICHI Strategic
Timeframe
Priority Strategy 8
Direct Actions
Targets
1. Adapt the Cities Biodiversity Index
(CBI) to Philippine conditions as the
guiding framework.
1, 2, 8, 14, 17, 18,
S, M, L
19, 20
2. Accelerate implementation of basic
environmental management function
(SWM, water, coastal management)
Enhance governance
AICHI Strategic
Timeframe
and capacities of
Supporting Actions
Targets
national and local
implementing bodies in
addressing urban
biodiversity.
3. Enhance LGU-led multi sect oral and
capacity building for the identified
1, 2, 8, 14, 17, 18,
S, M, L
actions.
19, 20

Responsible
Agencies
LGU, DILG,
Leagues of C/P,
DENR, HLURB,
Academe, Private
sector, DENR,
DPWH, DOTC, DA
Responsible
Agencies
HLURB, DILG,
Leagues and
LGUs, DENR,
CSO, SUCs

Genetic Resources (for all ecosystems)

Priority Strategy 9

Direct Actions
33. Create a working group composed of
Tier 1 agencies (agencies
implementing 2005 guidelines)
34. Obtain inventory of researches on
biodiversity and indigenous knowledge
systems and practices (IKSP)
35. Put in place unified system of access
and benefit-sharing (ABS) schemes

Timeframe

S, M, L

16

S, M
AICHI Strategic
Targets

Timeframe

36. Raise awareness on ABS.

16

37. Strengthen national network of

biodiversity conservation research
institutions.

16

Supporting Actions
Implement the Nagoya
Protocol consistent with
national legislation

AICHI Strategic
Targets

38. Explore the need for a comprehensive

framework on biodiversity research.
39. Undertake economic studies.
40. Develop an information system, which
includes tracking/monitoring systems.
41. Build capacity of key agencies for ABS
implementation.

16

16

S, M, L

16

S, M

16

Responsible
Agencies
BMB with interagency member
agencies
BMB with interagency member
agencies
FSI, UP Institute
for LegalStudies
Responsible
Agencies
BMB with interagency member
agencies
BMB
BMB with interagency member
agencies
NEDA
DENR-BMB, NCIP,
PCHRD, DA-BFAR
DENR, DA, NCIP,
Palawan Council
for Sustainable
Development

ANNEX 3
PBSAP 2014-2025: NATIONAL TARGETS & INDICATORS
(Draft as of April 2014)
Priority Strategy 1
Protect and conserve existing natural habitats and pursue restoration of the functionality of
degraded habitats.
National Targets
By 2015, identify all known natural habitat
types, identify gaps and include them in the
existing plans.
At most, Xpercent of identified habitat type lost
(X to be determined by April 2015).
At least Xpercent of identified degraded
habitat (X to be determined by April 2015)
restored where technically appropriate.
By 2020, identify all known traditionally and
locally conserved areas, identify gaps and
strengthen their recognition.
By 2025, Xpercent of LGUs mainstreaming
biodiversity into their CLUPs and allocating
budgets for it .
By 2016, biodiversity and ecosystem services
are incorporated and applied to the processes
of EIA and SEA.
Xpercent of the population are aware of the
benefits of the ecosystem they are dependent
upon.
Xpercent of the population practicing
environmentally appropriate way of life.
Gather data on specific offenses on PAs and
other habitats.
Reduce the trend in (a) by Xpercent by 2025.

Indicators
Maps and plans where they are incorporated
Trends in representation gaps
Percentage of forest cover from 2010 baseline
Number of hectares of each type of natural
ecosystem
Number of hectares of habitats restored

Progress in mapping traditionally and locally

conserved areas.
National registry of ICCAs and LCAs
established.
Trends in LGUs that have mainstreamed and
budgeted for biodiversity from 2013 baseline
Number of ordinances passed affording
protection to biodiversity from 2013 baseline.
Amended EIA policy and procedural
guidelines; Formulate SEA guidelines for key
sectors.
Trends in awareness levels.

Trends in populations involved in

environmentally sustainable practices.
Number and types of offenses in PAs filed
(other habitats a key challenge).
Trends in offenses in PAs
Threats and extent of impact of offenses on
biodiversity.

Priority Strategy 2
Effectively regulate use of resources within sustainable limits.
National Targets
By 2025, relative abundance of threatened
species maintained or improved.
Gather data on utilization of economically
important species by;
Number of communities, which have defined
carrying capacities of resources that they use.
Xpercent of population engaged in biodiversity
environmentally sustainable practices.
Reduce unsustainable use of economically
important species by Xpercent by 2025.
By ____ ,Xpercent of livelihoods in PAs and
Ypercent of livelihoods outside PAs are
biodiversity friendly. (NOTE: X>Y)
Xpercent of households and Ypercent of
industries adopting/practicing new
technologies.
Develop and implement a national certification
system for natural resources.
By 2025, relative abundance of threatened
species maintained or improved.
Improve conservation status of nationally
threatened species.

Indicators

Trends in dependence of target populations on

forest resources
Number of households applying new
technologies
Trends in number of organizations/companies
certified from 2013 baseline
Number of sighting encountered
Conservation status of nationally threatened
species from 2013 baseline

Priority Strategy 3
Implement habitat rehabilitation programs and strengthen collaboration among relevant
agencies and stakeholders on land and water use, resource extraction, ecosystem
restoration, law enforcement and sustainable livelihoods especially for vulnerable sectors
such as indigenous peoples, women and youth.

Priority Strategy 4
Arrest the proliferation of invasive alien species through coordinated efforts on awareness
raising, research, and capacity building and law enforcement.
National Targets
Establish leadership and strengthen collective
action in the implementation of the NISSAP and
to adapt the management of IAS in light of new
and emerging scientific information.
Stop the entry and new introductions of IAS, as
the first-line of defense.

Identify, report, and promptly respond to newly

introduced IAS by eradicating or containing
them before they become widespread.

Reduce the impacts of widespread IAS by

containing and reducing the spread of invasive
populations and minimizing their harmful
effects.
Rehabilitate areas (in particular areas of high
biodiversity value) where IAS have been
contained or eradicated.
Generate basic and applied scientific
knowledge about IAS problems, provide policy
advice to efficiently control and manage IAS,
and generate online database and information
exchange program.
Promote better and broader understanding and
awareness of the threats of IAS and foster
stakeholder support for the implementation of
the NISSAP.
Strengthen the role of the Philippines in meeting
its commitments to international treaties,
agreements, etc., urging for technical and
financial support to enhance national capacities
and capabilities to implement the NISSAP.
Strengthen the technical and management
capacities of relevant government units, at the
national and local levels, as well as concerned
stakeholders in implementing the NISSAP.

Indicators
A Joint Administrative Order/EO on IAS to
strengthen and expand the memberships of
existing committees and their functions; creating a
National IAS Coordinating Body
No new IAS introduced by 2016 (baseline 2013)
IAS mainstreamed to the existing EIS system to
include prevention, control and regulation of IAS
in protected areas, critical habitats, and protected
forests
IAS clearing house/database with published
research studies and roster of experts on IAS
Detection integrated with Biodiversity Monitoring
System and other site assessment programs
Reporting system developed (online/clearing
house, centralized reporting system)
New infestations eradicated
Task Force or IAS Units established
Field surveys of native species in areas to be deinfested
IAS population reduced
IAS integrated into PA Management Plans
Number of hectares restored (2013 baseline)

Research gaps identified and addressed

National IAS Research and Information Network

IAS information campaign and public awareness

program launched
Increased awareness on IAS
Ratification of the Ballast Water Convention
IAS concerns incorporated into the Philippine
Ecotourism Strategy and Action Plan

Capacity-building program on IAS for NGAs

funded and implemented

Priority Strategy 5
Implement habitat rehabilitation programs and strengthen collaboration among relevant
agencies and stakeholders on land and water use, resource extraction, ecosystem restoration,
law enforcement and sustainable livelihoods especially for vulnerable sectors such as
indigenous peoples, women and youth.
National Targets
At the minimum, no net loss in natural
ecosystems in priority areas such as riparian
forests (check with NAMRIA), peat swamp
and beach forests (Baseline 2010?) by 2025

Indicators
Extent of natural forest ecosystems cover

At the minimum, no net loss in natural

ecosystems in priority areas such as
mangrove, intertidal areas, seagrass, softbottom, coral reef habitats (Baseline 2010?)
by 2025

Extent of natural ecosystems cover showing

species diversity and abundance

All natural ecosystems effectively managed

All degraded natural ecosystems

rehabilitated/restored (Baseline from
SCREMP, NACRE)
Action plans funded and relevant
stakeholders take action
Popularization and effective management of
easement policies

Development, adoption and effective

implementation of biodiversity-responsive
guidelines in the EIS process
Promote implementation of enhanced CLUPs
using HLURB framework on biodiversity
mainstreaming guidelines
Promote species and ecosystems-based land
and water use planning (eg regional, island,
biogeographic zone, corridor, bay-wide,
basin-wide, PA-wide, KBA)
Increase awareness levels on biodiversity
from 17percent baseline (2005) to 45percent
by 2025
Science-based information on aquatic
biodiversity translated into popular media to
educate the general public on best practice

Extent of natural ecosystems cover showing

species diversity and abundance
percent of area of natural ecosystems under
various effective management regimes
percent of area of degraded natural
ecosystems rehabilitated/restored
Number of action plans sufficiently funded and
effectively implemented
Number of LGUs incorporating easement
protection principles in their policies, plans &
programs
Number of LGUs monitoring and addressing
violations
Number of ECCs with biodiversity
conditionalities that conform to EIS guidelines
Number of LGUs implementing enhanced
CLUPs
Number of plans jointly prepared by LGUs and
other stakeholders

Trends in awareness levels

Number of available media materials

Trends on adoption of best practices (eg
violations, dulong, padas, ludong, eels)

Priority Strategy 6
Enhance capacities and governance mechanisms for regulating access of national and local
implementing bodies.
National Targets
Develop and implement biodiversity friendly
sustainable livelihoods

Develop & implement standards for

biodiversity friendly sustainable livelihoods
(BPP)
Develop and implement incentive systems
(e.g. certification) for biodiversity friendly and
sustainable livelihoods
LGUs in priority aquatic ecosystems/areas
with working permitting/regulating access
systems in place
LGUs in priority aquatic ecosystems/areas
with working permitting/regulating access
systems in place
No mining activities in coastal and riparian
areas
Review and reduce perverse incentives and
subsidies that promote mining and quarrying in
priority /important riparian and coastal areas
and extraction of associated biodiversity (cross
ref with IAS)
No extinction and improved conservation
status of nationally threatened species
(assuming there is a database on species and
actions for the species reported and
monitored)
National population of globally threatened
species stable

Indicators
Trends in ecotourism-based and other
biodiversity friendly livelihoods
Trends in number of individuals benefitting
from ecotourism and other biodiversity friendly
livelihoods
Trends in incomes from ecotourism (LGU, PO
etc) and other biodiversity friendly enterprises
Number of biodiversity friendly sustainable
livelihoods adhering to the standards
implemented in priority areas
Incentive system in place

Number of LGUs, communities, etc. with

working permitting/regulating access systems
in place
Number of LGUs, communities, etc. with
working permitting/regulating access systems
in place
Incidence of mining activities in coastal areas
Trends in perverse incentives and subsidies
that promote mining and quarrying in priority
/important riparian and coastal areas and
extraction of associated biodiversity
Threat status of nationally listed threatened
species

Level of threats on globally threatened species

Priority Strategy 7
Improve status of Agro biodiversity and promote biodiversity-friendly agriculture.
National Targets
Indicators
Agro biodiversity opportunities are
Number of PAs with Agro biodiversity as part
incorporated in PA management plans
( of management plans developed
e.g. in multiple use zones ) in at least
Number of ICCAS and LCA
___percent of terrestrial PAS with known high
agro biodiversity increase the number of areas
recognized as ICCAs and LCA over baseline
Agro biodiversity opportunities are
incorporated in management plans of other
declared conservation areas (100percent of
ICCAs; xxx percent of LCAs).
Increase the number of community based
Number of in situ conservation areas
breeding and seed production programs over
baseline.
Increase in number of pilot agricultural
heritage sites applying dynamic conservation
approaches with LGU support.
Increase in number of ex situ conservation M
Number of ex situ conservation areas
programs over baseline (following an
integrated strategy for in situ and ex situ
conservation).
The use of biodiversity friendly CLUP
At least x LGUs use the biodiversity friendly
guidelines is adopted in at least 50percent of
CLUP guidelines to update their CLUPs
LGUS located in and benefiting from
biodiversity.
Policy Agro biodiversity in Protected Areas and ICCAs
National Targets
Indicators
Presence of Agro biodiversity is included in the Agro biodiversity is included in baseline info
criteria for or identification and prioritization of
and discussion for the prioritization.
Key Biodiversity areas.
Guidelines are developed to incorporate Agro
Guidelines for PA management planning
biodiversity conservation and sustainable use
contain Agro biodiversity conservation
in Protected Areas management plans.
protocols
Policy promulgation recognizing Indigenous
Number of ICCAs over baseline
community Conservation Areas (ICCAs) that
host Agro biodiversity.
Agro biodiversity concerns are incorporated in Guidelines for updating ASDPP preparation
in guidelines for the formulation of Ancestral
incorporate Agro biodiversity conservation
Domain Sustainable Development Plans
concerns.
NCIP
(ADSDPP) and documentation of IKSP
staff and key NGO networks trained on Agro
biodiversity.
Policy Agro biodiversity in Agricultural programs
National Targets
Indicators
Establishment of a Nationally Important
Compendium of heritage agriculture systems.
Agricultural Heritage Systems (NIAHS) as
Number of agricultural heritage sites declared.
currently jointly proposed by the DENR, DA,

National Targets
NCCA and National Museum that would
potentially regards NIAHS sites as part of the
cultural heritage system.
Overall policy (EO) and implementing
guidelines are established for guiding in situ
and ex situ conservation, management and
utilization of PGRA in consonance with the
ITPGRFA.
Agro biodiversity concerns are incorporated in
the guidelines for the AFMA mandated
National Protected Area for Agro Industrial
Development (NPAAD) as well as the SAFDZ
agricultural land use planning
Agro biodiversity is included in the criteria for
zoning conservation areas process.
Clear DA policy and program is established to
support farming communities who harbor high
Agro biodiversity. Such policies may include
improving access to credit and extension as
well as certification of organic farm products.
Existing guidelines for the review of GMO
introductions are amended to include
independent risk assessment (by the DENR?
or 3rd party???)
AO promulgated to include planned
introduction of GMO under the EIA review
system
Promulgate legislation or Exec order on
labeling of GMO products EO or draft
legislation under technical review.
Governance and Capacity Building
National Targets
Increases in scores on Management
Trends in management effectiveness scores
from 2013 baseline effectiveness of PAS
Strengthen the implementation of revised
FPIC S process (NCIP AO of 2012) for
development works in ancestral domains
Increase in number of school of living
traditions (SLT) that incorporate Agro
biodiversity in their curriculum
Assess current efforts and good practices of
community based breeding /seed production
and launch replication program
Participatory guarantee system (PGS) or
equivalent system is adapted as a
supplemental
PGS established in selected heritage.

Indicators

EO on PGRFA conservation and sustainable

use strategies promulgated.

Agro biodiversity is included in the criteria for

zoning conservation areas.

Mechanisms such as Participatory

Governance Systems (PGS) are incorporated
in OA regulations.

AO guidelines

AO guidelines

EO or draft legislation under technical review

Indicators
Trends in management effectiveness scores
from 2013 baseline.
Number of FPIC considered compliant with
proper processes
Number of SLTS over baseline.

Integrated program by DA, NGO networks,

SUC network for expanding in situ
conservation
PGS established in selected heritage
agricultural sites.

National Targets
Indicators
Research and Development and Knowledge Management
Update inventory and characterization and
Food Exhibitions, joint ventures for agricultural
geographic referencing of heirloom varieties,
product processing
crop wild relatives and other underutilized
crops and communicate information to key
decision makers.
Valuation is established on of role of traditional Human resources development program for
agricultural systems that harbor high agro
PGRFA, NCIP, DENR, DA, DILG- LGA
biodiversity and its niche in modern agriculture Number of Government and Non-Government
personnel trained on targeted topics.
Dedicated Research program is undertaken to Updated inventory and assessment of
develop strategies that reduce dependence on communication programs.
GMO products in addressing agricultural
problems (e.g. control of pest and disease
etc.)
The NISM (National integrated sharing
NISM is activated and funded by interagency
network S ) for PGRFA is revived and fully
agreement; meets at least 2 x a year.
implemented in order to maximize benefits
from ex situ and in situ conservation initiatives.
Valuation is established on of role of traditional Results of valuation study taken up by sub
M agricultural systems that harbor high agro
cabinet clusters for agriculture, CC and
biodiversity and its niche in modern
environment.
agriculture.
Dedicated Research program is undertaken to NISM is activated and funded by interagency
develop strategies that reduce dependence on agreement; meets at least 2x a year
GMO products in addressing agricultural
problems (e.g. control of pest and disease)
The NISM (National integrated sharing
network) for PGRFA is revived and fully
implemented in order to maximize benefits
from ex situ and in situ conservation initiatives.
Research and Development program in place
Health and Nutrition communication products
that Include products of Agro biodiversity (e.g. and events
heirloom varieties) in current promotion of
Agri ecotourism programs that contain Agro
alternative lifestyle /health programs or
biodiversity.
ecotourism promotion)

Priority Strategy 8
Enhance governance and capacities of national and local implementing bodies in addressing
urban biodiversity.
National Targets
One urban model per region reflecting CBI
starting with remnant natural resources)
Pilot biodiversity assessment and actions in
urban areas (pockets) e.g. campuses, parks
(manmade parks)
Pilot or expand pilots alternative designs for
(landscaping, green building)
LGU Implementing of ENR programs (e.g.
SWM, coastal)
Rehabilitation of polluted water ways

Indicators
No. of Urban model reflecting CBI established

Inventory of remnants habitats and natural

habitats
IEC actions (including recognition system)
Integration of urban biodiversity in CLUP

List of remnant habitats and their coverage

Adapt/Adopt the CBI by the leagues of LGUs

No. of areas/pockets assessed and action

plan
Designs developed
LGUs implementing ENR programs
Percent of areas/waterways rehabilitated

Guidelines/Polices integrating urban

biodiversity in the CLUP developed
Policy/resolution adopting the CBI by the
Leagues

Priority Strategy 9
Implementthe Nagoya Protocol consistent with national legislation.
National Targets
To harmonize existing internal procedures
To identify policy areas where immediate
actions can be taken

To require all publications to carry the

following notice: Collection of species _____
covered by Gratuitous Permit/BU No. _____;
dated _____; issued by _______

To develop a national ABS policy framework

incorporating Nagoya Protocol provisions

Indicators
Signed Special Order creating the inter-agency
working group
Fee system
Expedited procedure for renewal
applications
Full procedure for new applications
Sanctions for non-compliance
Dialogue with researchers
Streamlined and clear BMB/NCIP
procedures
List of publications bearing the required
notice
Disclosure of sources and permits in
patent applications
Coding of species covered by Materials
Transfer Agreement including species
number
Bill filed in Congress
Nagoya Protocol provisions are

To get status of and compile past, present and

future biodiversity/IKSP-related researches
To identify benefit-sharing claims from past
biodiversity researches
To coalesce the ITPGRFA and PIP
Framework with the Nagoya Protocol
To develop an information package (integrated
process flow) on existing ABS rules and
supporting documents (e.g. affidavits of
undertaking) for dissemination by regions in all
sectors
To establish collaboration between and among
concerned institutions
To undertake a study/review of the existing
biodiversity research framework
To utilize study results in later ABS
agreements
To put in place a functional information system

To create a speakers pool at the national level

To train regional focals/LGUs

incorporated into agency IRRs

Number of funded projects/researches
Pipeline of past and current
projects/researches
MOA provisions in past researches
Study on options for Philippine implementation

Presence of information in DENR,

NCIP and other relevant government
agencies' websites hyperlinked with
Tier 2 agencies
Hard copies of the information package
Number of collaborations
Report on the review effort
Economic studies

Established ABS/IKSP information

system
National MIS/bioinformation databases
on biodiversity resources
Open access baseline information
Number of special orders supporting formation
of experts within the lead national
implementing agencies
Number of regional focals/LGUs trained

ANNEX 4
MATRIX OF BIODIVERSITY-RELATED PROGRAMS/PROJECTS/ACTIVITIES

TITLE

DESCRIPTION/THEME

TARGET
BENEFICIARIES

PROJECT
ECOZONE
FOCUS &
MAJOR
INTERVENTION

PROJECT
LOCATION

FUNDING
AGENCY

PROJECT
DURATION

MULTI-LATERAL P/P/A
1

Samar Island
Biodiversity
Project (SIBP)
Phase II

Globally
Important
Agricultural
Heritage System
(GIAHS)

Rehabilitation
and Sustainable
Use of Peatland
Forests in
South-East Asia

The Samar Island Biodiversity Project is being implemented within the Samar
Forest Reserve, which comprises around 360,000 hectares. The Project would
establish the Samar Island Natural Park (SINP), a new protected area zoned for
multiple uses centering on protection, but providing for sustainable harvests of
non-timber forest products, and institute a comprehensive range of ancillary
conservation measures to protect the park from human pressures. Park
management would be operationalized in partnership with forest-edge
communities with the aim of establishing a social fence against threats.
The GIAHS aims to provide a systematic support to conservation and adaptive
management of GIAHS from site to national to global level strategy project
implementation. Seven countries, including Chile, China, Peru, Algeria,
Morocco, Tunisia and the Philippines (through the Ifugao Rice Terraces (IRT))
representing five different agricultural heritage systems, were selected as pilot
areas. The inclusion of IRT in this global initiative will help provide opportunity
for the country to redress the erosion of traditional practices and customary use
of biological resources among the indigenous communities.

Forest-Edge
Communities

Biodiversity

Region VIII Eastern Samar,

Western Samar &
Northern Samar

UNDP-GEF/
TRAC

2008-2011

Smale-Scale
farmers,
traditional & &
indigenous family,
target
communities
within GIAHS
sites (IRT)

Forestry and
Biodiversity

CAR - Ifugao

FAO/GEF

2008-2013

The Project is to promote the sustainable management of peatlands in South

East Asia to sustain local livelihoods to reduce risk of fire and associated haze
and contribute to global environmental management, particularly biodiversity
conservation climate change mitigation. A key strategy to develop sustainable
uses of peatlands by local communities and conservation measures for areas of
high biodiversity is the implementation of trial projects with local communities in
pilot sites. Two pilot sites are proposed for the component: The Caimpugan
peat area in the Agusan Marsh and Sab-a Basin Peatland on Leyte Island in
the Visayas.

Local Community

Biodiversity

Region VIII Leyte; CARAGA Agusan Marsh

ASEAN/
GEF

2009-2013

TARGET
BENEFICIARIES

TITLE

DESCRIPTION/THEME

Expanding and
Diversifying the
National System
of Terrestrial
Protected Areas
in the
Philippines
(NewCAPP)

The NewCAPP was conceptualized to address key barriers/threats in

biodiversity conservation (i.e. bio-geographical representative, limited capacity
for PA management, and inadequate system for financial planning, budgetary
management and revenue generation) and to expand and strengthen the
terrestrial PA system in the country by developing new PA models and building
capacity for effective management of the system.

Local Government
Units (LGUs),
Non-Government
Units (NGOs),
Local
Communities, and
Indigenous
Peoples (IPs)

Partnership for
Biodiversity
Conservation:
Mainstreaming
in Local
Agricultural
Landscapes
(BPP)

The BPP aims to demonstrate how Local Governments Units (LGUs), with
enhanced capacities, and working together with local and national partners, can
plan and management economic activities and growth in ways that meet
landscape-level biodiversity conservation and sustainable use objectives in
critical biogeographic regions.

LGUs, NGOs and

Communities

PROJECT
ECOZONE
FOCUS &
MAJOR
INTERVENTION
Protected Areas

Biodiversity

PROJECT
LOCATION

FUNDING
AGENCY

PROJECT
DURATION

CAR- Kalinga,
Mt. Province; ,
Regions 3 - ,
Zambales,
Tarlac, Bulacan;
Region 4A Rizal, Quezon;
Region 4B Mindoro Oriental,
Mindoro
Occidental;
Region 7 - Cebu;
Region 8 Southern Leyte;
Region 13 Agusan del
Norte, Surigao
del Norte,
Agusan del Sur;
and ARMM Tawi-tawi

UNDP-GEF

Nov. 2009Nov. 2014

Region II Cagayan,
Quirino; Region
4B - Occ.
Mindoro,
Palawan; Region
VI - Antique,
Iloilo, Capiz,
Aklan, Negros
Occ.; Region XI Davao Oriental;
Region XIII Agusan del
Norte, Surigao
del Norte

GEF
UNDP

June 2010June 2016

TARGET
BENEFICIARIES

TITLE

DESCRIPTION/THEME

Integrated
Coastal
Resources
Management
Project (ICRMP)

The project covers provinces and municipalities surrounding marine biodiversity

corridors of national and global importance as identified by the Philippine
Biodiversity Conservation Priorities, as follows. (i) the Babuyan corridor along
the northern coast of Luzon, (ii) Ticao Pass San Bernardino Strait Samar
corridor, (iii) Daanbantayan corridor straddling the Visayas Sea and the Tanon
Strait, (iv) Pujada Bay corridor, (v) the Zambales marine ecosystem in the
Luzon Sea, and (vi) Siquijor small-island marine ecosystem between the Bohol
Sea and Sulu Sea. Six provinces and 68 municipalities within the marine
biodiversity corridor and ecosystems identified were then selected based on
strategic location, status of communities that can potentially benefit from the
program, and willingness of provinces and municipalities to support the
program.

Coastal
Communities in
project sites

National
Programme
SupportEnvironment
and Natural
Resources
Management
Project (NPSENRMP)

The NPS-ENRMP is a budget support program that will directly support the
DENR to meet major thematic thrusts prioritized in the Medium Term
Development Plan (MTDP 2004-2010) related to Environment and Natural
Resources management. The Program will ensure that DENR will have timely
availability of budgetary resources for operation and capital expenses to finance
agreed priority activities under its regular program. Focusing expenditure on
priority rather than broad based operations and activities will, in turn, enable the
agency to manage budgetary resources more strategically, improve resource
allocation, operating efficiency, and overall effectiveness in delivery of services.
The GEF grant component will provide financing for the application of an
integrated ecosystem management approach in priority watershed areas &
selected sites of global significance. The Components are: 1) Policy, Planning,
Monitoring and Evaluation; 2) Integrated Ecosystem Management; and 3)
Strengthening Environmental Management.

DENR & LGUs

PA Sustainable
Financing
Project

This Project aims to: a) support selected PAs in the development of business
plans, and implement priority activities to secure additional financing; b) review
existing policies that constrain sustainable financing of PAs, and make specific
recommendations how to overcome these; c) cover 18 PAs, the selection of
which shall be decided in close consultation with PAWB; d) explore a range of
financing sources, based on specific potential in each PA; e) work with various
stakeholders on specific strategies, develop business plans, and implement
priority activities under the Plans, with a view to securing additional financing for
PA management.

18 PAs

PROJECT
ECOZONE
FOCUS &
MAJOR
INTERVENTION
Coastal/Marine,
Forestry

PROJECT
LOCATION

FUNDING
AGENCY

PROJECT
DURATION

Regions II Cagayan;
Region III Zambales;
Region V Masbate; Region
VII - Cebu,
Siquijor; Region
XI - Davao
Oriental; Region
IVB - Romblon
(TA only)

ADB/GEF

July 2007June 2013

Forestry, Mines,
Protected Area,
Biodiversity &
Environment

Nationwide
(SIM); GEF sites:
Region 4A - Rizal
& Quezon;
Region 5 Camarines Sur &
Camarines Norte;
Region 6 Negros
Occidental;
Region 12 - North
Cotabato, Sultan
Kudarat; ARMM Maguindanao

WB/GEF

November
2007December
2012

Protected
Areas/Biodiversit
y

Mts. Palay-PalayMataas na Gulod

NP, NAPWNC
Manleluag Spring
PL, Bataan NP
Bulusan Volcano
NP, Mt. Isarog
NP
Mts. BanahawSC PL, Mt.
Mantalingahan
PL, Apo Reef NP,
Naujan Lake NP,
Sagay Marine
Reserve, Mt.
Kanlaon NP,

WB/DENR

2013

TITLE

DESCRIPTION/THEME

Environment
and Natural
Resources
Capacity and
Operations
Enhancement
Programme
(ENR-CORE)

Following a two-pronged approach of policy development & capacity building

interventions, the program will facilitate the strengthening of compliance
framework of enabling laws on ENR management through an overarching
legislation defining the ground rules and principles governing ENR, the
institutionalization of the policy development & planning process through
guidelines and the standardization of a science-based, gender-balanced and
inclusive policy development policy making process, sub-sectoral investment
planning, particularly for priority areas such as forestry, and advocacy for the
effective implementation of these legislative issuances and sectoral plans,
programmes including multisectoral environmental agreements (MEAS).
Interventions for capacity building will consider the role enhancement of key
stakeholders (government, civil society, academe and the private sector,
including the MSMEs) in ENR management operations, the promotion,
development and utilization of energy in sustainable & productive manner, and
preparing for and responding appropriately to environmental emergencies in
critical ecosystems in localities vulnerable to natural hazards.

10

Strengthening
Coordination for
Effective
Environmental
Management
(STREEM)

The STREEM Project aims to generate global environmental benefits through

improved coordination in the implementation of the MEAs in the Philippines.
Specifically, it intend to establish/strengthen cross-sectoral/convention
institutional and coordination structures and mechanisms at local and national
levels to comply with the Countrys commitments under the three (3) Multilateral
Environmental Agreements (MEA) i.e. the UNCBD, UNCCD and UNFCCC and
ensure mainstreaming of the MEA activities in the work plan of the concerned
national government agencies and at the same time enhance synergies,
collaboration, coordination and complementation of activities and task among
the different actors of the three conventions on MEAs.

TARGET
BENEFICIARIES

PROJECT
ECOZONE
FOCUS &
MAJOR
INTERVENTION

Multisectoral

3 MEA Focal
Point Agencies
(PAWB, EMB &
BSWM), DFA,
LGU Puerto
Princesa, CSOs,
PCSD

PROJECT
LOCATION
Northern Negros
NP,
Central Cebu PL,
Mt.Kitanglad NP,
Mt. Apo NP,
Mt. Kalatungan
Range NP,
Mt. Malindang
NP
Nationwide

Region IVB Palawan

FUNDING
AGENCY

PROJECT
DURATION

UNDP

2005-2009
(ext. 20102011)

UNDP/ GEF

June 2009June 2012

TARGET
BENEFICIARIES

PROJECT
ECOZONE
FOCUS &
MAJOR
INTERVENTION
Climate Change
& Environment

TITLE

DESCRIPTION/THEME

MDGF 1656:
Joint
Programme on
Strengthening
the Philippine
Institutional
Capacity to
Adapt to Climate
Change

This Joint Programme (JP) is classified under the MDG-F thematic window on
Environment and Climate Change, which is aligned to the outcome Enhancing
Capacity to Adapt to Climate Change. It will be implemented over three (3)
years from 2008-2010.

12

Philippine
Climate Change
Adaptation
Project Phase 1

The Philippine Climate Change Adaptation Project Phase 1 has four major
components: (1) Strengthening the enabling environment for CCA ; (2)
Demonstrating Climate Change Adaptation Strategies in the Agriculture and
Natural Resources Sectors; (3) Enhanced Provision of Scientific Information for
Climate Risk Management; and (4) Project Management.

DENR-PAWB,
DA-BSWM, NIA,
DOST-PAG-ASA
and Phil. Crop
Insurance

Climate Change

13

Philippines
Climate Change
Adaptation
Project

This Project aims to: a) develop and demonstrate approaches that would
enable targeted communities to adapt to the potential impacts of climate
variability and change; b) strengthen existing institutional frameworks for CCA;
and, c) demonstrate cost-effective adaptation strategies in agriculture and
natural resources management

Targeted
communities in
the Philippines

Climate Change

14

Integrated
Natural
Resources and
Environmental
Management
Project
(INREMP)

This Project aims to: a) reduce and reverse degradation of watersheds and
associated environmental services caused by forest denudation and
unsustainable farming practices; and, b) rovide incentives to local communities,
LGUs and the DENR for improving natural resource management by generating
sufficient and tangible economic benefits.

Selected LGUs
and communities,
DENR

Coastal

15

Agusan River

The PPTA will generate feasibility studies and project design for communal

11

NGAs, LGUs &

Academe

The Programme has three major components, namely, (a) policy development,
planning and programming, (b) capacity development of duty bearers, i.e.,
national governmental institutions, local government units and higher
educational institutions, and claim holders, i.e., vulnerable communities and
sectors, and (c) development of climate change adaptation measures that can
be demonstrated.

Forestry, Mines,

PROJECT
LOCATION

FUNDING
AGENCY

PROJECT
DURATION

Nationwide;
Demo sites:
CAR; NCR Metro Manila;
Region 5 - Albay,
Sorsogon;
Region XIII Agusan del Norte

UNDP/
Spain MDG
Achievement Fund

Dec. 2008Dec 2011

WB/GEF

June 20102015

Region 2 Cagayan
(Penablanca,
Tuguegarao)
Region 6 - Iloilo
(Janiuay,
Pototan,
Dumangas &
Mina)
Region 13 Surigao del Norte
(Gen. Luna, Del
Carmen & Dapa
in Siargao
Islands)
Chico River
Basin
Wahig-Inabanga
River Basin,
Lake Lanao River
Basin,
Upper Bukidnon
River Basin

WB/GEF/DE
NR

2010-2015

Region XI -

ADB

ADB/IFAD/
GEF/CCF/
DENR

Feb. 2010-

TITLE

16

Basin Integrated
Water
Resources
Management
(FS) - PPTA

irrigation, water supply and sanitation, water quality management, watershed

management, biodiversity and wetlands management, flood control, and
chemical spills management including the organizational and institutional
arrangement for a comprehensive river basin management.

Removing
Barriers to
Invasive Species
Managment in
Production and
Protection
Forest in
Southeast Asia

To protect forest biodiversity by managing IAS through strengthening of policy,

creating awareness, building capacity, implementing management strategies at
pilot sites and strengthening regional cooperation in the management of IAS.

17

5th Operational
Phase of the
GEF Small
Grants
Programme in
the Philippines

18

Wealth
Accounting and
Valuation of
Ecosystem
Services Philippines (PhilWAVES)
Building
Transformative
Policy &
Financing
Frameworks to
Increase
Investment in
Biodiversity

19

DESCRIPTION/THEME

TARGET
BENEFICIARIES

PROJECT
ECOZONE
FOCUS &
MAJOR
INTERVENTION
Environment

PROJECT
LOCATION

FUNDING
AGENCY

PROJECT
DURATION

Compostela
Valley; CARAGA
- Agusan del Sur
Province, &
Agusan del Norte

GEF

March
2011

Forestry

TBD

UNEP/GEF

Sept.
2010-2011

NGOs and
Community-based
organizations

Biodiversity

nationawide

GEF/UNDP

2013-2017

Philippines

Environment

Nationwide

WB/DENR

2013-2017

Argentina,
Ecuador,
Soeychelles,
Malaysia,
Uganda, South
Africa,
Kazakhstan,
Philippines

Biodiversity

Manila Bay

GEF/UNDP/
DENR

2013-2015

Activities:
1. Gather baseline information on IAS occurring in the country and analysis of
forest IAS
2. Design the information and awareness campaign
3. Stakeholder Consultation: identify key national and international stakeholders
and assess capacity
4. Complete project design, proposal preparation, and mobilize co-finance
5. Develop Project Monitoring and Evaluation Plan.
The Program aims to secure global environmental benefits through communitybased biodiversity conservation initiatives and actions in selected priority sites.
Project outcomes include: 1) Effective models for community-based
governance of protected areas are demonstrated; 2) Community-managed
landscapes and seascapes explicitly integrate biodiversity conservation
objectives; 3) Alternative biodiversity friendly agriculture, fisheries and forestry
products produced and marketed by 30 communities; 4) Increased capacity of
GEF-GEF-SGP stakeholders to diagnose and understand the complex and
dynamic nature of global environmental problems and to develop local
solutions; and, 5) Enhanced capacities of GEF-GEF-SGP grantees to monitor
and evaluate their projects and environmental trends.
This global partnership program aims to implement wealth accounting that
focuses on the value of natural capital and integration of green accounting in
development planning and analysis. It also intends to analyse policies and
inform development planning and sustainable use of key natural resources.

This global project aims to contribute to closing the global financing gap for the
conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity by assisting developing
countries in identifying, accessing, combining and sequencing sources of
biodiversity funding to meet their specific needs

TITLE

Management
(BioFin)
20
National
Biodiversity
Planning to
Support the
Implementation
of the CBD
2011-2020
Strategic Plan in
the Republic of
the Philippines
BILATERAL P/P/A
21

Camiguin
Coastal
Resource
Management
Project
(CCRMP)

22

Ecosystems
Improved for
Sustainable
Fisheries
(ECOFISH)
Project

TARGET
BENEFICIARIES

PROJECT
ECOZONE
FOCUS &
MAJOR
INTERVENTION

This Project aims to address the countrys need to continue to

fulfill its obligations under the CBD, with particular focus on the Conventions
Article 6 (General Measures for Conservation & Sustainable Use) and the CBD
COP Decision X/2 (Strategic Plan for Biodiversity and the Aichi Targets), and
contribute to efforts towards implementing the CBD Strategic Plan 2011
2020 at the national level

Philippines

Biodiversity

The CCRMP is a coastal resource management initiative that will address the
complex issues of the sustainable management of coastal and marine and
sustainable economic activities particularly in the province of Camiguin. It has a
total project cost of P116 Million and will be implemented for five (5) years. This
project has five (5) components, namely: a) Institutional Strengthening; b) Pilot
Area development; c) Community-Based Projects; d) Resource Mobilization;
and e) Learning and Communication.
This Project aims to improve the management of important coastal and marine
resources and associated ecosystems that support livelihoods and economies.
It is designed to: a) conserve biological diversity; b) enhance ecosystem
productivity; and, c) restore profitability of fisheries
in select marine key biodiversity areas using ecosystem-based approaches to
fisheries management.

Fisherfolks,
coastal women
and children,
municipalities

Selected MKBAs
in the Philippines

DESCRIPTION/THEME

PROJECT
LOCATION

FUNDING
AGENCY

PROJECT
DURATION

Nationwide

GEF-UNDP/
DENR

2013-2014

Coastal

Region X Camiguin

NZAID

June 20072012

Coastal/Marine,
Biodiversity

Lingayen Gulf,
Verde Island
Passage,
Calamianes
Island Group,
Lagonoy Gulf,
Danajon Reef,
South Negros
Island,
Surigao del Sur &
del Norte,
Sulu Archipelago

BFAR/USAI
D

2012-2017

23

Philippine
Environmental
Governance
Project II (EcoGov II)

The EcoGov supports USAID Philippine's overall goal of enhanced security,

governance and capacities for sustainable, equitable economic growth through
the Mission's environment strategic objective of strengthened management of
productive and life- sustaining natural resources.
The EcoGov Phase 2 is a five-year initiative that aims to build and expand on
the experiences achieved under the EcoGov Phase 1. EcoGov 1 has achieved
significant results in environmental policy and advocacy, in assessment,
surveying and planning at the local level that reflects increased transparency,
accountability, participation and responsiveness on the part of local
governments. Progress has been made towards improved governance on the
ground which EcoGov 2 will build upon to further strengthen and sustain
environmental governance. It will continue to support governance initiatives in
forests and forest lands, coastal resources, wastewater and solid waste
including opportunities for local financing. It will implement activities in conflictaffected areas of the country, with a focus on biologically important eco-regions
of Mindanao, Central Visayas and Northern Luzon.

LGUs, NGAs and

POs

PROJECT
ECOZONE
FOCUS &
MAJOR
INTERVENTION
Forestry, Coastal
& Environment

24

Environment &
Rural
Development
(EnRD) Program
- Phase 2

The program focuses on three areas: (i) promoting policies and strategies at
National and Local levels, which are conducive towards the conservation of the
environment and the sustainable use of natural resources; (ii) ensuring that
Government Agencies and Local Government Units (LGUs) offer sustainable
and sound service packages and strengthening cooperation among and
between these actors; (iii) promoting sustainable technical and managerial
procedures in natural resource management.

LGUs, NGAs and

POs

Forestry, Coastal
& Environment

Indonesia,
Malaysia,
Philippines

Coastal/Marine

TITLE

DESCRIPTION/THEME

TARGET
BENEFICIARIES

PROJECT
LOCATION

FUNDING
AGENCY

PROJECT
DURATION

Region II - Nueva
Viscaya, Isabela,
Quirino; Region
III - Aurora;
Region VII Bohol, Cebu,
Negros Oriental;
Region IX Zamboanga del
Sur, Zamboanga
Sibugay; Region
XI- Davao City;
Region XII North Cotabato,
South Cotabato,
Sarangani,
Sultan Kudarat;
ARMM Maguindanao,
Lanao del Sur,
Basilan
Region VI - Iloilo;
Region VIII Provinces of
Leyte &
Southern Leyte

USAID

Oct. 2004October
2009 (Ext. October
2011)

GTZ

July 20092012

Upper Magat and

Cagayan River
Basin, Jalaur
River Basin,
Pampanga River
Basin

GIZ/DENR

2012-2017

Key components of the EnRD Program include: 1) Policy Advocacy and

Strategic Steering; 2) Governance of Natural Resources at the Local
Government Level; 3) Management of Coastal Fisheries; 4) Community-Based
Forest Management; and 5) Food Security.
25

Support to the
Implementation
of
the Tri-national
Sulu-Sulawesi
Marine
Ecoregion
Comprehensive
Action Plan

The overall project goals are to support: a) capacity building on climate-smart

spatial development planning in the SSME countries; and, b) the
implementation of selected elements of the SSME Comprehensive Action Plan
which explicitly demonstrates bilateral or tri-national collaboration with focus on
the following goals: 1) Sustainable Fisheries and Enhancement of Livelihoods;
2) Protection of Threatened, Migratory and Charismatic Species; and, 3) MPA
and MPA Networks.

TITLE

26

Partnership for
Biodiverstiy
Conservation
(PBC)

27

Coral Triangle
Support
Partnership
Project

28

Biodiversity
Conservation
through
Management of
Natural
Resources
(BCMNR)

29

From ridge to
reef: an
ecosystembased approach
to biodiversity
conservation
and
development in
the Philippines
(EB-ABCD
Philippines)

DESCRIPTION/THEME

TARGET
BENEFICIARIES

PROJECT
ECOZONE
FOCUS &
MAJOR
INTERVENTION
Biodiversity

PROJECT
LOCATION
Nationwide

FUNDING
AGENCY

"USAID Partnership for Biodiversity Conservation Program supports biodiversity

conservation in the Philippines by increasing capacity of local and national
environmental law enforcement bodies. The Program objective contributes to
USAIDs mission of strengthening the ability of Philippine national and local
government units and communities to address critical threats to the countrys
globally significant coastal and upland resources and promoting good
governance transparency and accountability in enforcing environmental
laws."
The goal of CTSP is to improve the management of biologically and
economically important coastal and marine resources and associated terrestrial
ecosystems that support the livelihoods of peoples and economies in the Coral
Triangle.

National
Government,
LGUs,
communities

people and
communities in
the Coral Triangle

Biodiversity,
Marine

The goal of this 2-year Project is to conserve 3 KBAs, namely: 1) Bukidnon; 2)

Mt. Diwata and Mt. Hilong-Hilong area, and 3) southern Palawan by initiating an
emerging champions program to link local-level best practices and lessons in
biodiversity conservation. Emerging champions are defined as municipal and
provincial level multi-stakeholder groups whose mission is to conserve KBAs
while addressing socio-economic development and environmental security.
Strategies that address the specific needs of emerging champions include: 1)
building capacity to improve management of natural resources and delivery of
environmental services; b) instituting better enforcement mechanisms at the
KBA level to uphold environmental laws; and, c) broadening opportunities for
environmental financing and sustainable enterprise development. These
strategies build on past work of USAID and EnterpriseWorks/VITA (EWV) in
Region 2 and Palawan with emerging champions working in KBAs.
This Project aims to address key threats to biodiversity conservation in the Mt.
Malindang Natural Park in Misamis Occidental, northern Mindanao, considered
as one of high priority conservation areas in the country because of its rich flora
and fauna. These resources are threatened by economic activities of people
living inside and outside the park, who often source additional income from the
park through illegal activities. USAID is supporting activities that: a) reverse
degradation of coastal resources by addressing downstream effects of forestry
and agriculture; b) enhance livelihoods of people; and, c) build capacity and
manage information and database for decision-making.

LGUs.
Communities

Forest, Coastal
and Marine

KBAs of
Bukidnon, Mt.
Diwata and
Hilong-hilong,
and Southern
Palawan

USAID/ RI/
En-terprise
Works/
VITA

LGUs,
communities

Forestry,
Freshwater,
Marine

Mt. Malindang
Natural Park,
Misamis
Occidental

USAID/
WorldFish
Center/
SEARCA/
ICRAF

PROJECT
DURATION

USAID

2006present

USAID /
WWF

2009-2013

2011-2013

TITLE

DESCRIPTION/THEME

30

Danajon Bank
Marine Park
Project:
collaborative
effort to manage
a large MPA

LGUs and
communities

31

Rehabilitation
and
conservation of
Romblon
Passage Marine
Corridor through
integrated
communitybased coastal
resource
management
(CBCRM)
approaches

This is a 3-year project to be implemented from 2011-2013 as a collaborative

effort of 17 municipalities and cities of 4 provinces and 2 administrative regions
of the Danajon coral reef ecosystem, the only double barrier reef in the country
and one of among six worldwide. The goal of the Project is to improve the
quality of life of stakeholders through effective management of a large-scale
MPA, and improved fisheries, habitats, and economic opportunities. Project
activities inlude: a) collecting baseline biophysical, socio-economic, institutional,
policy and governance information; b) formulating and adopting a Governance
Framework Plan, MPA Management Plan; c) developing constituencies and
support for the MPAestablishment and management; and, d) planning and
catalyzing tourism enterprises and livelihoods.
This Program aims to rehabilitate and conserve the coastal and marine
resources of Romblon Passage Marine Corridor through integrated CBCRM
strategies involving the coastal communities of the Municipalities of Romblon,
San Agustin, Sta. Maria and Calatrava. Strategies include: a) rehabilitating and
enhancing marine habitats; b) protecting and managing threatened and
endangered marine species sea turtles, marine mammals and giant clams; c)
generating knowledge and managing information through the Coastal Resource
Management Resource Center; d) strengthening community-based
organizations to co-implement resource management plans with LGUs; and, e)
formulating an integrated resource management plan for the 4 municipalities.

PROJECT
ECOZONE
FOCUS &
MAJOR
INTERVENTION
Coastal and
Marine

LGUs and
communities

32

Mainstreaming
Climate Change
in Biodiversity
Planning and
Conservation in
the Philippines

This project aims to integrate climate change considerations in biodiversity

planning and conservation in the Philippines. Strategies include 4 components:
1) Support National Action Planning and Mainstreaming of Climate Change
Adaptation in Biodiversity will involve conduct of national action planning for
climate change and biodiversity conservation; 2) Conduct Vulnerability
Assessment and Adaptation Options of Terrestrial Ecosystems to Climate
Change to determine how climate change will affect the terrestrial ecosystems
through use of biogeography models; 3) Demonstrate Climate Change
Adaptation (CCA) in Biodiversity Conservation Areas to pilot CCA measures in
Mt Apo Natural Park in Davao, Mt Kitanglad Range National Park in Bukidnon,
Northern Sierra Madre Natural Park in Isabela, and Ikalahan Ancestral Domain
in Nueva Vizcaya; and, 4) Provide Capacity Building to focus on organizing

National and local

governments,
communities

trainings, workshops and seminars to enhance knowledge, skills, and self

learning of DENR (PAWB and FMB), members of the peoples organizations

(POs), LGUs and local NGOs who are actively working on biodiversity
conservation in the Philippines.

TARGET
BENEFICIARIES

PROJECT
LOCATION

FUNDING
AGENCY

PROJECT
DURATION

17 municipalities
and cities of 4
provinces and 2
regions in the
Danajon Coral
Reef Ecosystem
areas

USAID/
Coastal
Conservatio
n and
Education
Foundation,
Inc.

2011-2013

Coastal and
Marine

Romblon
Passage Marine
Corridor
(Municipalities of
Romblon, San
Agustin, Sta.
Maria and
Calatrava)

USAID/
SIKAT Inc.

2010ongoing

Forest,
Biodiversity

Mt Apo Natural
Park in Davao,
Mt Kitanglad
Range National
Park in Bukidnon,
Northern Sierra
Madre Natural
Park in Isabela,
and Ikalahan
Ancestral Domain
in Nueva Vizcaya

USAID/
ICRAF

2011-2012

TITLE

DESCRIPTION/THEME

33

BALANCED
(Building Actors
and Leaders for
Advancing
Community
Excellence in
Development)
Project

34

Adaptation to
Climate Change
and
Conservation of
the Biodiversity
in the
Philippines

The BALANCED Project is an innovative 5-year initiative to improve access to

health services, especially family planning, secure livelihoods and help
conserve biodiversity and natural resources. It recognizes and addresses the
interrelationships and interlinkages between people, health and environment.
The BALANCED Project is being implemented by the Coastal Resources
Center at the University of Rhode Island in collaboration with CI and PATH
Foundation Philippines Inc (PFPI). The latter implements the Philippine
component which focuses on integrating population, health and environment
(PHE) approaches, including increasing access to health services (e.g. family
planning and reproductive health) in marine biodiversity areas in collaboration
with LGUs of 5 provinces, namely Leyte, Bohol, Oriental and Occidental
Mindoro and Batangas.
In response to the challenges of mitigating the effects of climate change, the
Philippine Government established the Inter-Agency Committee for Climate
Change (IACCC), which is supported by a Secretariat in the Environmental
Management Bureau of the Department of Environment and natural Resources.
The IACCC and the Secretariat are responsible to adopt the obligations of the
UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC) in the Philippines. As
such, the body can take the lead role in formulating and mainstreaming climate
change adaptation policies and strategies.

35

Climate-relevant
Modernization of
Forest policy
and piloting of
REDD+ in the
Philippines,
Preparation of a
National REDD+
Mechanism for
Greenhouse
Gas Reduction
and
Conservation of
Biodiversity in
the Philippines
(National

The project will strengthen existing structures such as the IACCC through
intensive consultation, capacity building and training. A Biodiversity Fund shall
be established to finance approved project proposals which are rated based on
the following funding criteria: expected contribution to the conservation of
terrestrial and marine biodiversity; contribution to carbon sinks and increasing
the resistance potential of ecosystems to climate change. Monitoring of the
implementation of selected projects shall be also undertaken and lessons
learned shall be effectively shared and disseminated.
The objective of the Project is Improved forestry policy applied by DENR, LGUs
and local population for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Project
components: include: 1) Support to the National REDD-plus Strategy and
Action Plan; 2) REDD-plus Piloting in / around protected areas; 3) Forest policy
development; 4) Learning and innovation / knowledge management; and, 5)
Capacity building

TARGET
BENEFICIARIES
marine
biodiversity areas
in collaboration
with LGUs

PROJECT
ECOZONE
FOCUS &
MAJOR
INTERVENTION
Coastal and
Marine
Management

PROJECT
LOCATION

FUNDING
AGENCY

PROJECT
DURATION

Leyte, Bohol,
Oriental and
Occidental
Mindoro and
Batangas.

USAID / CI /
PFPI

2010-2013

Small scale
farmers or
fisherfolks in the
buffer zone of the
protected areas

Climate Change
& Environment,
Biodiversity

Nationwide

GTZ

Dec. 2008Nov. 2011

Philippine LGUs

Forestry

Nationwide

GiZ

November
2012 - April
2017

TITLE

36

REDD+ System
Philippines)
Disaster and
Climate Risk
Management

DESCRIPTION/THEME

TARGET
BENEFICIARIES

PROJECT
ECOZONE
FOCUS &
MAJOR
INTERVENTION

PROJECT
LOCATION

FUNDING
AGENCY

PROJECT
DURATION

Supports the Philippine Governmentwith other donor agencies and local and
international NGOsin enhancing the capacity of national government
agencies, local government units and communities, in disaster risk reduction
and climate change adaptation. Assistance has included identifying and
addressing disaster and climate hazards and risks and increasing the resiliency
of vulnerable communities. Australia has provided $10.6 million since 2006 and
committed an additional $9.16 million until 2013 to support the implementation
of new policies and disaster and climate risk management activities, including
responding to rehabilitation requirements of the Greater Metro Manila Area.

National
Government,
LGUs,
communities

Climate Risk
Management

Nationwide

AusAid

2006-2013

10 Cities:
Cagayan de Oro,
Clabayog,
Dumaguete,
Iloilo,
Malaybalay,
Meycauayan,
Muntinlupa,
Naga, Sta. Rosa,
Zamboanga; 4
water districts:
Calamba, Cebu,
Davao, and
Laguna
Regions
1,2,3,4A,4B, 5
(Sorsogon), 8
(Leyte, Biliran,
Northern Samar
and Eastern
Samar)
Nationwide

USAID (and
private
sector
companies)

2007-2011

USAID /
PCV

October
2009 to
September
2012

USAID/
JICA/ DOF

2006-2013

Mt. Kitanglad
Range Natural
Park
Mt. Apo Natural
Park

USAID/DEN
R

2012-2017

37

Philippine
Sanitation
Alliance Project
(PSA)

"The USAID Philippine Sanitation Alliance (PSA) works with LGUs, water
districts and private sector partners to develop affordable ways to protect
biodiversity and reduce public health risks through improved sanitation. Cities,
water districts and private companies are building treatment facilities using
appropriate technology. Projects include low-cost, low-maintenance treatment
facilities for public markets, slaughterhouses hospitals and low-cost housing;
and city-wide programs to properly maintain septic tanks (septage
management). Cities are developing effective promotion campaigns to increase
willingness to pay for sanitation services and reduce the incidence of diarrhea
through proper hygienic practices, particularly handwashing. Governance is
also being strengthened to reduce threats to biodiversity as LGUs work to
control wastewater discharges to coastal and freshwater ecosystems."

LGUs, general
public

Biodiversity,
Environmental
Governance

38

Volunteers in
Environmental
Governance(VE
G)-II

PCVs, LGUs,
general public

Coastal, Marine

39

Philippine Water
Revolving Fund
Support (PWRF)

National
Government,
LGUs,
communities

Fshwater,
Coastal and
Marine, Water
and sanitation

40

Biodiversity &
Watersheds
Improved for
Stronger
Economy

The VEG-II Project aims to build the capacity of local governments and their
communitiesi in enhancing coastal environment protecteion and food security
through the development and implemnetation of integrated coastal
managemnet (ICM) plans and environmental education. It builds on successful
activities from VEG-I, particularly on: a) project design and management (PDM)
workshops; b) PCV special projects fund; c) environental trainings; and, d)
environmental resources (e.g. equipment and information resources).
This Program aims to increase access to financing for creditworthy water
service providers through a co-financing mechanism developed by USAID,
JICA, Department of Finance and private financing institutions, where the Local
Government Unit Guarantee Corporation and USAIDs Development Credit
Authority guarantee the loans. Additional programs components include
technical assistance on water and sanitation project preparation, and
strengthening of water and finance sector through strategic reforms.
This Project aims to address the driving forces behind the rapid loss of
biodiversity and the depletion of watersheds. Some of these drivers include:
pressure for quick economic growth, stress caused by climate change, insecure
property rights, and inadequate information for decision- making and
management.

Mt. Kitanglad
Range Natural
Park, Mt. Apo
Natural Park,
Northern Sierra

Forestry,
Biodiversity,
Climate Change

TITLE

DESCRIPTION/THEME

& Ecosystem
Resilience
(B+WISER)

41

CommunityBased Forest
and Mangrove
Management
Project in Panay
and Negros

TARGET
BENEFICIARIES

PROJECT
ECOZONE
FOCUS &
MAJOR
INTERVENTION

Madre National
Park, KaliwaMarikina
Watershed,
Quinali
Watershed,
Naujan Lake
National Park
Sub-Watershed,
Bago River Forest
Watershed
Reserve

The CBFMMP is in line with Executive Order 263 declaring Community Based
Forest Management (CBFM) as the national strategy to ensure sustainable
development of the countrys forest resources. CBFMMP is being implemented
by the DENR in partnership with the Land Bank of the Philippines, and with the
support from the German Government through the KfW and GTZ. Adopting the
CBFM approach, the project shall pioneer an innovative financing mechanism
that is designed to encourage sustainable resource management through
investment packages that dovetail livelihood/infrastructure development
measures with natural resource management initiatives. The Loan and
Financing Contribution to be extended by KfW shall be used to fund loans
(sub-loans) to be granted by the LBP for financing livelihood and rural
infrastructure activities in close cooperation with the DENR.

LGUs, poor
farmers inlcuding
inidigenous
people (IP), POs

Forestry and
Coastal

PROJECT
LOCATION
Northern Sierra
Madre National
Park
Kaliwa-Marikina
Watershed
Quinali
Watershed
Naujan Lake
National Park
Sub-Watershed
Bago River
Forest
Watershed
Reserve
Region 6 Aklan
(Kalibo,
Tangalan, Batan,
Malinao, New
Washigton),
Antique (San
Remegio,
Sibalom, Tibiao,
Patnongon,
Sebaste), Capiz
(Pilar, Dumarao,
Sapian), Iloilo
(Dingle, San
Dionisio, Maasin,
San Joaquin,
Carles), Negros
Occidental
(Kabankalan,
Ilog, Cauayan,
Candoni)
Region 7 Negros Oriental
(Bindoy,
Bayawan,
Sibulan)

FUNDING
AGENCY

KFW

PROJECT
DURATION

2009-2015

TITLE

DESCRIPTION/THEME

TARGET
BENEFICIARIES

42

Enhancing
Natural
Resources
Management
through
Enterprise
Development

The project involves the enhancement of environmental management and

development of livelihood opportunities for forest dwelling communities through
improved forest use. It has four main components, namely; (a) Capacity
Building, (b) Enterprise Development, (c) Guidebook Development, and (d)
Policy Review and Formulation.

POs and upland

Communities in
forested areas;
LGUs, DENR &
other agencies;
NGO; & private
sector

43

ClimateRelevant
Modernization of
Forest Policy
and REDD
Piloting in the
Phils.

The project aims at the development of an improved forest policy and of

specific incentives for avoided deforestation, for forest protection and
rehabilitation and for conservation of biodiversity. It focuses on the elaboration
of a REDD strategy with innovative elements of conservation and piloting of
measures in and around selected protected areas of the Philippines.

Upland
watershed-based
communities and
policy makers

44

45

Protected Area
Management
Enhancement in
the Philippines
(PAME)
Land
Administration
and
Management
Program II
(LAMP II)

The project will enhance the capacities of Philippine partners for planning and
implementation of climate relevant forest measures, conflict mitigation, securing
land use rights, and improving local livelihoods. Beside avoided deforestation,
rehabilitation and sustainable management of tropical forests, the project will
contribute to improved adaptive capacities and protective functions of forests.
Improved protection and management of KBAs in the Philippines

The LAMP2 is the initial phase of the long-term commitment by the government
of the Philippines (15-20 years) to alleviate poverty by improving the security of
land tenure and to sustain economic growth by fostering efficient land market in
rural and urban areas. It is envisioned to lay the foundation for the improvement
of interagency collaboration in the delivery of integrated land administration
services which support tenure security and property valuation. LAMP2 shall be
implemented by the DENR with the Department of Finance and Land
Registration Authority as partner agencies.

PROJECT
ECOZONE
FOCUS &
MAJOR
INTERVENTION
Forestry

PROJECT
LOCATION

FUNDING
AGENCY

PROJECT
DURATION

Region 1 Pangasinan;
Region 2 Cagayan; Region
3 - Bataan;
Region 4B Palawan; Region
6 - Iloilo; Region
8 - Leyte; Region
10 - Camiguin; &
Region 11 Davao Oriental.

NZAID

2008-2011

Climate Change/
Forestry

Nationwide

GTZ

Oct. 2009Setp. 2012

DENR-PAWB, 60
KBAs

Protected Areas,
Biodiversity

nationwide

GIZ/DENR

2012-2017

General Public

Lands

Region VII Bohol; Region

VIII Leyte;
Region X Bukidnon

WB/AusAID

Oct. 2005March
2011

TITLE

46

47

Project for
Improvement of
Flood
Forecasting and
Warning System
in the
Pampanga and
Agno River
Basins (Phase
III)
Forestland
Management
Project

DESCRIPTION/THEME

TARGET
BENEFICIARIES

PROJECT
ECOZONE
FOCUS &
MAJOR
INTERVENTION
Wetlands

"The project aims to improve the existing gauging stations and

telecommunication facilities for fast data transmission of observed data to
ensure the issuance of timely and reliable warnings to flood-threatened
communities."

Pampanga and
Agno River
Basins

This Project aims to improve forestland management through collaborative and

holistic implementation of comprehensive and sustainable
forestland management strategies in three critical river basins.

Selected river
basins

Forestry,
Biodiversity

Coves along
Hamilo Coast,
MPAs: Santelmo,
Etayo, and Pico
de Loro; barangay
Papaya
enforcement team
selected
elementary
schools,
highschools, and
universities

Coastal

climate change,
energy efficiency

people and
communities in
Sablayan,
Mindoro and the
nearby Apo Reef;
Cebu Pacific
passengers

Climate Change
Biodiversity

PROJECT
LOCATION

FUNDING
AGENCY

PROJECT
DURATION

Region III Pampanga

Japan-ODA

2011ongoing

Upper Magat and

Cagayan River
Basin
Jalaur River
Basin
Pampanga River
Basin

DENR/JICA

2012-2022

WWF /
Costa Del
Hamilo Inc. /
SM

Present

Nationwide

WWF /
SMART
communicat
ons

2010Present

Nationwide

WWF/ Cebu
Pacific
Airlines

On going

Business Sector
48

Hamilo Coast
Project

"The Hamilo Coast project is an

innovative approach towards sustainable coastal development. Through a
partnership with Costa Del Hamilo Inc., three major initiatives towards
sustainability are currently being implemented, designed to minimize and
manage coastal and terrestrial development impacts and to maintain the
region s overall ecological integrity"

49

Project Connect

With the development of education modules advocating energy efficiency and

conservation plus renewable energy in selected elementary schools, high
schools and universities,
Project Connect aims to synergize technology with education to nurture and
inspire a fresh generation of environmental stewards. Lessons deal mostly with
climate change and energy efficiency.

50

Bright Skies for

Every Juan
Program

"Every time someone books a Cebu Pacific flight online, they get the chance to
offset their carbon footprints by donating a small amount (commensurate to the
carbon their flight will release into the atmosphere) to WWF's Climate
Adaptation Project in Sablayan, Mindoro. This project benefits the people and
the nearby Apo Reef."

TITLE

DESCRIPTION/THEME

51

Sta. Rosa
Watershed
Conservation
Project

"Coca Cola Companyhas poured themselves into studying the Sta. Rosa
watershed and revitalizing the Ilagan watershed."

52

Ilagan
Watershed
Conservation
Project

The Ilagan Watershed Conservation Project will build a platform to secure the
watershed services provided by the Abuan watershed to benefit its water users
including, but not limited to, industry, irrigation farmers, water districts,
recreational users and ecotourists and future mini-hydro projects.

53

Marikina-Sapinit
watershed
Conservation
Project

The Marikina Watershed Conservation project includes: conservation,

reforestation, and sustainability; livelihood; and engaging the participation of
the community in the wider Marikina Watershed initiative. It has an estimated
1,500 direct and indirect beneficiaries.

54

Caliraya
Watershed
Conservation
Project

55

Butuanon
Watershed
Conservation
Project

56

Talomo-Lipadas
Watershed
Conservation
Project

57

Ring of Fire
Project

58

Project EcoKids

The Ring of Fire initiative aims to replicate the Philippines global success in
sustainable geothermal production for Indonesias largely untapped geothermal
energy resources.
"project EcoKids educating children about the environment, throughout
various public schools in the metro."

TARGET
BENEFICIARIES
Sta. Rosa
watersheds and
nearby
communities;
water consumers
of the district
Abuan Watershed
and nearby
communities;
water consumers
of the district

PROJECT
ECOZONE
FOCUS &
MAJOR
INTERVENTION
Climate Change,
in-land water

PROJECT
LOCATION

FUNDING
AGENCY

PROJECT
DURATION

WWF/
Coca-Cola
Company

2008-2012

Climate Change,
in-land water

Ilagan, Isabela

WWF/Coca
Cola
Company

2008-2011,
2010-2015

Marikina-Sapinit
Watershed and
nearby
communities;
water consumers
of the district
Caliraya
Watershed and
nearby
communities;
water consumers
of the district
Butuanon
Watershed and
nearby
communities;
water consumers
of the district
Talomo-Lipadas
Watershed and
nearby
communities;
water consumers
of the district

Climate Change,
in-land water

Marikina
Watershed

2011ongoing

Climate Change,
in-land water

Lumban, Laguna

Coca Cola
Company/
Philippine
Disaster
Recovery
Foundation
Coca Cola
Company,
Haribon

Coca Cola
Company /
Soil & Water
Conservatio
n
Foundation
Coca Cola
Company

ongoing

General Public

climate change,
energy efficiency

North Cotabato

EDC / WWF

ongoing

public school
children in the
metro

Climate Change

NCR

WWF /
HSBC

ongoing

Climate Change,
in-land water

Climate Change,
in-land water

Ongoing

Ongoing

TITLE

60

61

62

Climate Change
Adaptation
Project in Apo
Reef and
Sablayan,
Occidental
Mindoro
Environmental
Education
Program
Risk
Assessment and
Management,
Climate Change

DESCRIPTION/THEME

TARGET
BENEFICIARIES

PROJECT
ECOZONE
FOCUS &
MAJOR
INTERVENTION
Climate Change

PROJECT
LOCATION

FUNDING
AGENCY

PROJECT
DURATION

Apo Reef
Natural Park
(ARNP) and
Sablayan

WWF /
Cebu Pacific

2008-2012

To build the resilience of Apo Reef Natural Park (ARNP) and Sablayans
marine ecosystem and coastal communities so that in the long-term they may
adapt to climate change
To ensure food, fisheries production, and dive tourism are not threatened and
economic development proceeds in a sustainable manner.

Local
communities from
10 coastal and 12
upland barangays
(villages).

HSBC and Philips has teamed up with the WWF Environmental Education unit
on Project ECoKids, educating elementary school students throughout Metro
Manila about the environment, climate change, and practical environmental
solutions.
The Bank of the Philippines Islands Foundation, Inc. is working with WWF to
assess and manage business risks, and adapt to climate change via analyzing
the socio-economic situation of key Philippine cities.

Metro Manila
public schools
kids

Climate
Change,
Environment

Metro Manila

WWF /
Philips and
HSBC

Until 2010

Business sector

Climate Change,
Disaster Risk
Reduction

Nationwide

WWF / Bank
of the
Philippine
Islands

Until 2011

"The areas to be covered by Go Green as proposed by the DENR Region VII

are as follows:
> Forest Management - planting of pangantuon (white wood) trees, as well as
other trees such as ipil (brownish wood) and sibucao (red wood) trees, buri
propagation and bamboo planting.
> Coastal Environmental Program - protecting of coral reefs and establishing
sea shell sanctuaries.
> Livelihood Projects - helping rural communities through livelihood programs
and skills training and education that can also support the fashion jewelry
industry.
"Companies can avail of either an in-house seminar and/or a mentoring
assistance program to develop their GHG emissions summary, which can
subsequently serve as basis for their GHG management / reduction programs."

communities in
the island of
Cebu; fashion
industry

Forestry, Coastal

Region VII: Cebu

Cebu Fame
Foundation

2007-2015

private companies

Climate Change

nationwide

PBE

Ongoing

Civil Society Organizations

63

Go Green
Philippines

64

Corporate
Greenhouse Gas
Accounting
Program

65

Environmental
Management
Programme for
Industry
Competitiveness
(EPIC)

EPIC seeks to enhance business competitiveness in the global market through

environmental management. It aims to strengthen private sector initiatives to
reduce the environmental footprint of industry.

businesses and
industries

Climate Change

Nationwide

PBE

On going

66

La Mesa
Watershed

As of October 2007, 1,381 of the 1,600 hectares needing rehabilitation have

already been planted out." "With this rehabilitation project, La Mesa is now
considered a carbon sink as it absorbs 3% of the total carbon emissions of
Metro Manila.

La Mesa
watershed; Metro
Manila residents

forestry, in-land
water

NCR: La Mesa,
Quezon City

ABS-CBN
Bantay
Kalikasan

Ongoing

TITLE

DESCRIPTION/THEME

67

La Mesa
EcoPark

"La Mesa Eco-Park envisions a better environment for our children. In pursuit
of this vision, La Mesa Eco-Parks mission is to spread environmental
awareness by serving as a living, outdoor classroom and laboratory for
environmental education and by being a venue for healthy outdoor recreation. "

68

Bantay Baterya

69

Bantay Langis

70

Kapit Bisig sa
Ilog Pasig

The Bantay Baterya Project aims to create a sustained public awareness on

the health and environmental hazards posed by the indiscriminate handling of
junk batteries, to recover and reprocess junk batteries in an environmentally
safe manner.
"The project aims to educate and inform the public on the dangers of improper
handling and disposal of used industrial and engine oil; and to disseminate
information on the environmentally-sound technology for the treatment and
recycling of used oil. The project follows the Bantay Baterya Project procedure.
The Bantay Langis Project requests companies for donations of used industrial
and engine oil earmarked for disposal."
"On March 2008, Bantay Kalikasan, the environment arm of the foundation,
signed a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) with the Department of
Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), making the former co-manager
of the Pasig River Rehabilitation Project. The main goal is to revive the waters
to Class C. Bantay Kalikasan, in partnership with concerned local government
units, government agencies, the private sector, non-government organizations,
and the general public, will be addressing the problem by mitigating pollution at
source. This gave birth to Bantay Kalikasans very own Kapit Bisig sa Ilog
Pasig, a project for the rehabilitation of Pasig River."

71

The Climate
Change
Adaptation
Disaster Risk
Management

72

GREEN (Green
Resources for
Environmental
Education and
Networking)
Program

TARGET
BENEFICIARIES
La Mesa
watershed;
communities
nearby; general
public
general public

PROJECT
ECOZONE
FOCUS &
MAJOR
INTERVENTION
forestry, in-land
water,
biodiversity

PROJECT
LOCATION

FUNDING
AGENCY

PROJECT
DURATION

NCR: La Mesa,
Quezon City

ABS-CBN
Bantay
Kalikasan

Ongoing

climate change

Nationwide

ABS-CBN
Bantay
Kalikasan

2000ongoing

general public

Climate Change

Nationwide

ABS-CBN
Bantay
Kalikasan

2007ongoing

Pasig River and

nearby
communities

Climate Change,
in-land water

NCR: Pasig,
Manila

ABS-CBN
Bantay
Kalikasan

2008-on
going

This project is the Manila Observatorys pilot project for community-based,

inter-program work which aims to integrate present disaster risk management
concerns with long-term climate change response and overall sustainable
development through capacity-building and technical assistance.

Mag-asawang
Tubig watershed

in-land waters

Calapan City,
Municipalities of
Naujan, Victoria,
Baco, San
Teodoro, and
Puerto Galera

Ongoing

The Ayala GREEN (Green Resources for Environmental Education and

Networking) Program is an advocacy campaign promoting environmentallysound practices along the areas of energy, water, air and solid waste through
IEC (information, education and communication) campaign materials
development, capacity building, monitoring and partnership building with
various organizations

Ayala
development
projects; office,
residential and
commercial
establishments;
buildings and
malls administrato
rs and managers;
general public

Energy, Water,
Climate Change,

Makati City,
Taguig City,
Quezon City,
Muntinlupa City

Ateneo de
Manila
University,
School of
Science and
Engineering,
Manila
Observatory
Ayala
Foundation

2009ongoing

TITLE

73

DESCRIPTION/THEME

Governance &
Local
Development for
Endangered
Forests
Preventing
Extinctions
Programme:
Cebu
Flowerpecker
Building on
Success:
Turning Policy
Advantages into
Conservation
Gains for
Internationally
Important
Conservation
Areas across the
Birdlife
Partnership
Establishment of
Nursery on
Native Tree
Species at the
Caliraya
Watershed

To reduce deforestation rate in 4 target rainforest sites in the Philippines

77

78

74

75

76

TARGET
BENEFICIARIES

PROJECT
ECOZONE
FOCUS &
MAJOR
INTERVENTION
Forestry

4 sites

Haribon /
European
Commission

December
2005
April 2011

PROJECT
LOCATION

FUNDING
AGENCY

PROJECT
DURATION

To identify and implement conservation actions for the Cebu Flowerpecker

Cebu
flowerpecker

Biodiversity

Cebu

Haribon /
BirdLife
International

October
2009
December
2012

To improve collaboration and implementation of Convention on Biological

Diversity and Ramsar agreement

environmental
policy-makers

Biodiversity

Nationwide

Haribon /
BirdLife
International

July 2009
June 2011

To establish a nursery of native tree species as a means of educating and

getting the active participation of various sectors in the campaign for forest
restoration

Caliraya
Watershed and
nearby
communities

Forestry,
Biodiversity

Caliraya

Haribon /
Coca Cola
Foundation

December
2009
December
2011

Forest and
Climate
Protection
Project in Panay

To provide local level support to community-based project implementation

around the Panay Mountain Range

Panay Mountain
range and
communities
nearby

Forestry,
Biodiversity

Panay Island,
Negros

Haribon /
GIZ

November
2010
December
2013

Forestory Project

To restore 3 hectares in the Manleluag Spring Protected Landscape

Manleluag Spring

Forestry

Malabobo,
Pangasinan

Haribon /
BirdLife
International

September
2010
August
2013

TITLE

DESCRIPTION/THEME

TARGET
BENEFICIARIES

79

Chinese Crested
(Sterna
bernsteini) Tern
Wintering Survey

To conduct a purposive search for the Chinese Crested Tern at key areas in
Manila Bay. To assess current status of wetlands in Manila Bay. To review
Philippine Important Bird Areas for other possible wintering sites

Chinese Crested
Tern

80

Toyota
Foundation

To implement forest management including policy formulation. To conduct

training on forest management. To raise awareness on forest management. To
implement livelihood activities

environmental
policy-makers,
general public

81

Climate Change
Adaptation
Strategies for
Protected Areas
and Island
ecosystems,
Climate
Vulnerability
Assessment

General Public

82

Live Reef Fish

Trade

83

Climate
Solutions for
Asia: Visions for
a low carbon
future in key asia
emerging
economies

PROJECT
ECOZONE
FOCUS &
MAJOR
INTERVENTION
Biodiversity

PROJECT
LOCATION

Philippines

PROJECT
DURATION

Manila Bay

Haribon /
BirdLife
International
Asia
Division

January
March
2011

Forestry,
Biodiversity

Nationwide

January
2011December
2011

Climate Change

nationwide

Haribon /
BirdLife
International
Toyota
Foundation
WWF /
European
Commission

WWF /
Danish
International
Development
Agency
WWF-UK

Until 2011

Biodiversity,
marine

Regional work on policy advocacy and lobbying

FUNDING
AGENCY

Climate Change

Nationwide

Ongoing /
2015

Until 2011

TITLE

84

Implementing
Climate
Adaptation
Strategies in the
World's Most
Outstanding
Natural Places

85

Integrating
Population,
Reproductive
Health and
Coastal
Resources
Management
Actions in TawiTawi, Mindanao,
Philippines
Adaptation to
Climate Change
in Coastal Areas
(ACCCoast):
Protection and
Rehabilitation of
Coastal
Ecosystems for
Improved
Adaptation to
Climate Change
as a Contribution
to Coral Triangle
Initiative

86

DESCRIPTION/THEME

Improved governance of marine protected areas for increased climate change

adaptation and conservation of biodiversity in the Philippines
1. Improved capacity of the DENR PAWB Coastal and Marine Management Office
(CMMO) in support of comprehensive MPA governance in the Philippines and in the
implementation of the Philippine National Plan of Action of the Coral Triangle Initiative
2. Improved MPA governance of selected MPAs
3. Improved community awareness and engagement in the management of MPAs through
social marketing;
4. Strengthened MPA governance and development of adaptive management systems
5. Improved comprehensive monitoring of social, conservation & climate-related
parameters
6. Improved information management and networking with research institutions within the
region (CTI) and abroad (Europe, USA)

TARGET
BENEFICIARIES

DENR PAWB
CMMO, selected
MPAs

PROJECT
ECOZONE
FOCUS &
MAJOR
INTERVENTION
Climate Change

PROJECT
LOCATION

FUNDING
AGENCY

PROJECT
DURATION

Colombia
(Pacific coastal
region of the
Choco Darin
ecoregion);
Madagascar
(North-West
region of Diana);
Philippines (The
Island Garden of
Samal
(IGACOS) in
Davao del Norte
region)

WWF /
European
Commission

Ongoing /
2015

Climate Change,
Coastal

Tawi Tawi

European
Commission

On-going /
2014

Coastal and
Marine

Nationwide

GiZ

2012ongoing

ANNEX 4A
Matrix of Select Biodiversity Management Programs / Projects / Activities
Mobilized by NGOs and Private Sector
Title

Implementation Partner/s

Strategy

Scope

Amount

Duration

Foundation for the Philippine Environment

An assessment of the 2004-2010
Medium Term Philippine
Development Plan (MTPDP):
Environment and Fisheries Sector
Capacity Building for NGO-PO
Women Leaders and LGU Officials
Kalikasan, Ngayon at Kinabukasan!
Policy Forum on Environment
Movement Building for Climate
Change and Redistributive Justice
Participation of Arakan Forest
Carbon Project to the League of
Corporate Foundations Corporate
Social Responsibility Expo 2009
Participation of FPE Regional
Advisory Committee Members and
Project Partners to Forum on
Environmental Justice: Upholding
the Right to a Balanced and
Healthful Ecology

Caucus of Development NGO Networks

Research

National

PhP 290,000.00

2009-2010

Ang Kilusan ng Kababaihang Pilipina

(PILIPINA), Inc.
Galing Pook Foundation

Advocacy

National

PhP 70,000.00

2009-2010

Advocacy

National

PhP 100,000.00

2009-2010

Partnership for Agrarian Reform and

Rural Development Services, Inc.
FPE (Proactive Project)

Advocacy

National

PhP 100,000.00

2009-2010

Advocacy

National

PhP 81,000.00

2009-2010

FPE (Proactive Project)

Advocacy

National

PhP 57,200.00

2009-2010

Red Listing of Marine Species as a

Guide to Resource Management
through the Global Marine Species
Assessment for the Coral Triangle
Social Development Celebration
2009
Strengthening the Communitys
Coping Mechanisms to the
Challenges of Climate ChangeInduced and Human-Aggravated
Natural Disasters
The 6th Zero Waste International

First Philippine Conservation Inc.

Research

National

PhP 1,210,000.00

2009-2010

Association of Foundations, Inc.

Advocacy

National

PhP 600,000.00

2009-2010

Philippine Federation for Environmental

Concern

Advocacy

National

PhP 155,000.00

2009-2010

Mother Earth Foundation, Inc.

Advocacy

National

PhP 376,200.00

2009-2010

Title

Implementation Partner/s

Strategy

Scope

Amount

Duration

Undermining the Threat of Mining: A

Policy Advocacy Campaign
Upscaling of Reforestation Efforts
by Civil Society Organizations
Delineation of Biological Fencing of
the Puerto Princesa Subterranean
National Park and Cleopatras
Needle
Direct Indigenous People Advocacy
of the Batak Tribe in Roxas,
Palawan
Ikalahan-Kalanguya Ancestral
Domain Project

Kaisahan tungo sa Kaunlaran ng

Kanayunan at Repormang Pansakahan
FPE (Proactive Project) through the
Project Development Fund
Haribon-Palawan

Advocacy

National

PhP 1,677,400.00

2009-2010

Advocacy

National

PhP 150,000.00

2009-2010

Site-Based

Luzon

PhP 851,000.00

2009-2010

Samahang Kaunlaran ng Batak sa

Palawan, Inc.

Site-Based

Luzon

PhP 200,000.00

2009-2010

Kalahan Education Foundation

Site-Based

Luzon

PhP 1,980,000.00

2009-2010

Integrating Permaculture for

Sustainable Agriculture
Legal Case Filing Against the Illegal
Establishment of Globe Telecom
Facility within their Ancestral
Domain
Patrol Boats Repair

Gelacio I. Yason Foundation Family

Farm School, Inc.
Kalahan Education Foundation

Advocacy

Luzon

PhP 200,000.00

2009-2010

Advocacy

Luzon

PhP 100,000.00

2009-2010

Samahan ng Maliliit na Mangingisda ng

Nicanor Zabala, Inc.
FPE (Proactive Project)

Site-Based

Luzon

PhP 111,655.00

2009-2010

Research

Luzon

PhP 180,000.00

2009-2010

Buklod Unlad ng Dalitang Umaasa sa

Kalikasan, Inc.
Environmental Legal Assistance Center,
Inc.
Community Volunteer Missions

Advocacy

Luzon

PhP 200,000.00

2009-2010

Site-Based

Luzon

PhP 1,238,250.00

2009-2010

Site-Based

Luzon

PhP 1,990,000.00

2009-2010

Negros Economic Development

Foundation, Inc.

Site-Based

Visayas

PhP 857,610.00

2009-2010

Silliman University Angelo King

Center for Research and Environmental

Research

Visayas

PhP 472,000.00

2009-2010

Conference

Regional Advisory Committee

Meeting 2009 - Luzon
Sama-samang Aksyon at Gawain
upang Isalba ang Parke (SAGIP)
Save Mount Bulanjao Initiative
Phase 2
Strengthening of Free Prior and
Informed Consent (FPIC)
Compliance and Consultation
Process in Defense of Ancestral
Domains and Ancestral Habitat in
the Cordillera
Community-Based Co-Management
of Resources towards a Sustainable
Ecosystem for Ilog Hilabangan
Watershed Forest Reserve
Directory of Marine Reserves in the
Visayas

Title

Implementation Partner/s

Strategy

Scope

Amount

Duration

Management
Environmental Awareness
Campaign against Human
Ecological Aggression
Global Legal Action on Climate
Change
Information, Education and
Campaign on Climate Change
Integrated Area Conservation and
Resource Enhancement (ICARE)
for North Negros Natural Park
Natural Resource Inventory and
Resource Management
Assessment for the Islands of
Sicogon and Gigantes, Muncipality
of Carles, Iloilo
Participatory Research on the
Conservation and Sustainable Use
of Wild and Uncultivated Crops
Population, Health and Environment
Forum Visayas Chapter
Regional Advisory Committee
Meeting 2009 - Visayas
Research Study on the
Environmental Impacts of Coal
Mining on Semirara Island
Save the Climate, Save Boracay
Project-Phase II
Young Minds Academy (Summer
Edition)
Advocacy for the Enactment of
Provincial Fee Ordinance
Buklog: A Traditional Ritual
Assembly of Subanen to Uphold
Indigenous People's Rights and the
Environment
FPE: Regional Advisory Committee
Meeting 2009 - Mindanao
Environmental Defense of Davao
City's Upland Watersheds and Local
Communities against Agribusiness

Bohol Nature Conservation Society, Inc.

Advocacy

Visayas

PhP 106,000.00

2009-2010

Batas Kalikasan Foundation, Inc.

Advocacy

Visayas

PhP 200,000.00

2009-2010

Environmental Legal Action Center Cebu

Third District Alliance of Resource
Managers, Inc.

Advocacy

Visayas

PhP 130,700.00

2009-2010

Site-based

Visayas

PhP 1,221,600.00

2009-2010

Panay Rural Organizing for Reform and

Social Order, Inc.

Site-based

Visayas

PhP 1,004,000.00

2009-2010

Broad Initiatives for Negros

Development

Research

Visayas

PhP 354,600.00

2009-2010

FPE (Proactive Project)

Advocacy

Visayas

PhP 180,000.00

2009-2010

FPE (Proactive Project)

Advocacy

Visayas

PhP 185,100.00

2009-2010

The Antique Outdoors, Inc.

Research

Visayas

PhP 146,900.00

2009-2010

Greenpeace- Southeast
Asia/Philippines
Sacred Heart Institute for
Transformative Education Foundation,
Inc.
Coalition for the Development of
Sibuguey, Inc.
Inter-People's Exchange, Inc.

Site-based

Visayas

PhP 315,500.00

2009-2010

Advocacy

Visayas

PhP 1,200,000.00

2009-2010

Advocacy

Mindanao

PhP 150,000.00

2009-2010

Site-based

Mindanao

PhP 150,000.00

2009-2010

FPE (Proactive Project)

Advocacy

Mindanao

PhP 190,000.00

2009-2010

Interface Development Interventions,

Inc.

Advocacy

Mindanao

PhP 925,000.00

2009-2010

Title

Implementation Partner/s

Strategy

Scope

Amount

Duration

Plantation Practices
Integrated Biodiversity Conservation
and Sustainable Development
Project of Lake Mainit: Year 1 of 5Year Strategic Plan
Mindanao Forum on Climate
Change
Strengthening Capacities of
Indigenous People's Communities
towards Sustainable Management
of Watershed and Ancestral Domain
Diliman Science Research
Foundation, Inc.: Round Table
Discussion on Forest Restoration
and Climate Change
Expanded Environmental Defense
Program
FPE: Regional Consultative Group /
Regional Advisory Committee
Meeting - Luzon
FPE: Regional Consultative Group /
Regional Advisory Committee
Meeting - Visayas
FPE: Regional Consultative Group /
Regional Advisory Committee
Meeting - Mindanao
Manila Observatory: Philippine
Renewable Energy Atlas Phase 1
Upscaling of Reforestation Efforts
by Civil Society Organization FPE's
Initiative in Marikina Watershed
Audio-based Materials of Fisheries
Management and Climate Change
First Palawan Conference on
Biodiversity Conservation and
Climate Change Mitigation and
Adaptation
Training in Silkalan Making
VUKIG: Climb High and Nurture
Goodwill

Green Mindanao Association, Inc.

Research

Mindanao

PhP 1,017,000.00

2009-2010

Philippine Partnership for the

Development of Human Resources in
the Rural Areas-Mindanao
Paglilingkod Batas Pangkapatiran
Foundation

Advocacy

Mindanao

PhP 150,000.00

2009-2010

Advocacy

Mindanao

PhP 400,000.00

2009-2010

FPE (Proactive Project)

Research

National

PhP 120,000.00

2010-2011

Alternative Law Groups

Advocacy

National

PhP 2,000,000.00

2010-2011

FPE (Proactive Project)

Advocacy

National

PhP 1,008,660.00

2010-2011

FPE (Proactive Project)

Advocacy

National

PhP 510,000.00

2010-2011

FPE (Proactive Project)

Advocacy

National

PhP 981,340.00

2010-2011

FPE (Proactive Project)

Research

National

PhP 1,300,000.00

2010-2011

FPE (Proactive Project)

Advocacy

National

PhP 2 ,000,000.00

2010-2011

Foundation for Information Technology

Education and Development. Inc.
TagBalay Foundation, Inc.

Research

Luzon

PhP 600,000.00

2010-2011

Advocacy

Luzon

PhP 200,000.00

2010-2011

Llanera Rural Development Center and

Tour Farm
Sierra Madre Outdoor Club, Inc.

Research

Luzon

PhP 200,000.00

2010-2011

Advocacy

Luzon

PhP 197,000.00

2010-2011

Title

Implementation Partner/s

Strategy

Scope

Amount

Duration

Biodiversity Resource Development

for High Schools
Carles Advocacy and Constituency
Building
Empowering Community-Based
Coastal Resource Management
through Environmental Education
Forum on the Impact of Global
Warming on Water Quality
Integrated Area Conservation and
Resources Enhancement Project II
Managing Iloilo River towards
Biodiversity and Sustainability
Rapid Coastal Resource
Assessment of Zumarraga, Samar
Watershed Rehabilitation in
Important Biodiversity Areas in
Cebu
Coastal Resource Profiling (for
Multi- stakeholder Participation in
Biodiversity Conservation) in the
Municipality of Kolambugan, Lanao
del Norte
Enhancement of Local Capacities to
Address Mining Activities in
Environmentally-Critical Areas
through Effective Governance
Harnessing Capacities and
Partnerships for Indigenous
Peoples' Empowerment and
Sustainability: Conversations with
Partners
Lake Lanao Coalition Strengthening

Soil and Water Conservation

Foundation
Carles Multi-purpose Cooperative

Research

Visayas

PhP 1,328,500.00

2010-2011

Advocacy

Visayas

PhP 200,000.00

2010-2011

San Antonio Fishermen Association

Advocacy

Visayas

PhP 160,000.00

2010-2011

Visayas

PhP 200,000.00

2010-2011

Research

Visayas

PhP 1,278,200.00

2010-2011

Advocacy

Visayas

PhP 600,000.00

2010-2011

Samahan ng Mangingisga ng
Zumarraga
Mag-uugmad Foundation, Inc.

Research

Visayas

PhP 104,250.00

2010-2011

Advocacy

Visayas

PhP 1,999,980.00

2010-2011

Lanao Aquatic and Marine Fisheries

Center for Community Development,
Inc.

Research

Mindanao

PhP 371,888.00

2010-2011

Kinaiyahan Foundation

Advocacies

Mindanao

PhP 200,000.00

2010-2011

Samdhana Institute

Advocacy

Mindanao

PhP 200,000.00

2010-2011

Kalimudan Foundation, Inc.

Advocacy

Mindanao

PhP 186,000.00

2010-2011

Panglima Tahil Mangrove

Reforestation and Fish Sanctuary
Program
Indigenous Knowledge-Based
Community Planning Activity with
the Maporac Aeta Organization in
Zambales
Plant towards Reforestation and
Eco-Enterprise in Sierra Madre

SAC (Social Action Center), Apostolic

Vicariate of Jolo

Advocacy

Mindanao

PhP 199,000.00

2010-2011

Koalisyon ng Katutubong Samahan ng

Pilipinas,
Inc. (KASAPI)

Sites Approved
Grants

Luzon

165, 400

2010-2011

Mabuwaya Foundation, Inc.

Sites Approved
Grants

Luzon

1,845,142

2010-2011

Cebu Uniting for Sustainable Water

Foundation
Third District Development Alliance of
Resource Managers, Inc.
St. Therese-MTC Colleges

Title

Implementation Partner/s

Supplemental Budget for Star Trek

Palawan
PO-Managed Community Based
Coastal Resource
Management(CB-CRM) Project for
the coastal Communities of Eastern
Samar (Year 2)

Star Trek: FPE, PEF, FSSI

Strategy

Scope

Amount

Duration

Luzon

500,000

2010-2011

Southern Samar Peoples Organization

Consortium, Inc.

Sites Approved
Grants
Sites Approved
Grants

Visayas

1,630,330

2010-2011

Biodiversity Conservation &

Sustainable Development (BCSD)
Project for POs in Maguindanao,
Year 2

Maguindanao Development Foundation, Inc.

(MDFI)

Sites Approved
Grants

Mindanao

1,097,000

2010-2011

Arakan Valley Forest Corridor

Development, Year 2

Philippine Eagle Foundation, Inc. (PEFI)

Sites Approved
Grants

Mindanao

1,513,842

2010-2011

Community Based Forest

Management : A Key to Protect and
Conserve Mt. Tipolog
Mt. Gurain Range Forest
Rehabilitation and Biodiversity
Conservation
Integrated BCSD Project in Lake
Mainit
AF Social Development
Celebrations-2010
Mainstreaming Population, Health
and the Environment (FPOP) in
Governance
Information Education Campaign
(IEC): An Intervention to Reinforce
Biodiversity Conservation vis--vis
Environmental Protection Efforts at
Mt. Mantalingahan Protected
Landscape (MMPL)
Tapat Kalikasan Environmental Law
Enforcement Training
International Conference on
Rainwater Harvesting for the
Watershed Sector
Integrated Diversified Organic
Farming Systems Training

Mount Tipolog Bantay Kinaiyakan

Association (MTBKA)

Sites Approved
Grants

Mindanao

200,000

2010-2011

Tapuan Farmers Multipurpose

Cooperative (TFMC)

Sites Approved
Grants

Mindanao

700,000

2010-2011

Green Mindanao Association, Inc.

Mindanao

1,017,000

2010-2011

Family Planning Organization of the

Philippines (FPOP)

Sites Approved
Grants
Constituency
Building Grants
Constituency
Building Grants

Philippines
Philippines

100,000
667,750

2010-2011
2010-2011

Bangsa Palawan Philippines, Inc.

(BPPI)

Constituency
Building Grants

Luzon

213,500

2010-2011

Luntiang Alyansa sa Bundok Banahaw

(LABB)
Philippine Watershed Management
Coalition, Inc. (PWCI)

Constituency
Building Grants
Constituency
Building Grants

Luzon

200,000

2010-2011

Visayas

95,730

2010-2011

Pambansang Kilusan ng mga

Samahang Magsa-saka (PAKISAMA)

Constituency
Building Grants

Visayas

209,290

2010-2011

Association of Foundations, Inc. (AF)

Title

Implementation Partner/s

Strategy

Scope

Amount

Duration

Danjugan Island Education

Program: Environmental Education
for Southern Negros Occidental and
Beyond
Enhancing Local Communities in
BC of Ilog Hilabangan Watershed
Forest Reserve
Integrated Sustainable Agriculture:
A Strategy in Minimizing Climate
Change due to Global Warming
International Long Term Ecological
Research (IL-TER) Conference &
Scientific Meeting in the Philippines

Philippine Reef & Rainforest

Conservation Founda-tion, Inc.
(PRRCFI)

Constituency
Building Grants

Visayas

1,854,660

2010-2011

Negros Economic Development

Foundation, Inc. (NEDF)

Constituency
Building Grants

Visayas

1,992,660

2010-2011

Pagduso sg Agrikultura sa Tingud nga

Aksyon sg mga Organisasyon
Mangunguma, Inc. (PATANOM)
Kitanglad Integrated NGOs, Inc. (KIN)

Constituency
Building Grants

Visayas

800,000

2010-2011

Constituency
Building Grants

Mindanao

100,000

2010-2011

Capacity Building for Protected

Areas and Watershed Management
for the Pantaron-Tago-Kimangkil
Mountain Ranges
Bukidnon Watersheds and
Riverbasin Forum
Bats Conservation-A Strategy for
BDCD in Samal Island
Indigenous Peoples Support Fund,
Year 2
Soft Launching of the International
Year of the Forest in Silago
Citizens Consultation on Low
Carbon Economy for the Philippines
2011 National Indigenous Peoples
Summit

Bukidnon Resources Management

Foundation, Inc. (BRMFI)

Constituency
Building Grants

Mindanao

750,000

2010-2011

MILAMDEC Multipurpose Cooperative

Constituency
Building Grants
Constituency
Building Grants
Advocacy Grants

Mindanao

100,000

2010-2011

Mindanao

1,336,000

2010-2011

Philippines

2,000,000

2010-2011

VISCA Foundation for Agricultural and

Rural Devel-opment, Inc. (VIFARD)
Partido Kalikasan Institute, Inc. (PKI)

Advocacy Grants

Philippines

50,000

2010-2011

Advocacy Grants

Philippines

46,350

2010-2011

Tanggapang Panlegal ng Katutubong

Pilipino (PANLIPI) & Consultative Group
for Indigenous Peoples (CGIP)
Greenpeace Southeast Asia

Advocacy Grants

Philippines

400,000

2010-2011

Advocacy Grants

Philippines

,217,200

2010-2011

Haribon Foundation

Advocacy Grants

Philippines

194,900

2010-2011

Center for Environmental Concerns

Advocacy Grants

Philippines

148,000

2010-2011

Action for Economic Reforms, Inc.

Advocacy Grants

Philippines

500,000

2010-2011

Solar Generation Sustainable

Campus Project
Governance and Local
Development towards Sustainable
Manage-ment of Forests,
Conservation-Compatible
Livelihoods and Poverty Reduction
Conference
Gawad Bayani ng Kalikasan
Support for Components of Bantay

Philippine Bat Conservation, Inc. (PBCI)

Samdhana Institute

Title

Implementation Partner/s

Strategy

Scope

Amount

Duration

Kita Program

(AER)

Environmental Advocacy during the

1st Philippine International EcoShow (PINES) 2010

Agro-Technical Assistance and

Livelihood Opportu-nities in the North (
AGTALON)

Advocacy Grants

Luzon

60,200

2010-2011

Pagpapalakas ng Adbokasya Laban

sa Mapanirang Gawain Tungo sa
Pangmatagalang Pangangalaga ng
Samot Saring Buhay
Educational Caravan and Forum for
Anti-Mining and Eco-Cultural
Defense Campaign
Mam-eh (Sharing) Action Plan for
the First Aeta Forest Foods Festival
and Development Forum

Palawan Community Based Fisherfolks

Alliance, Inc. (PCBFAI)

Advocacy Grants

Luzon

938,615

2010-2011

HAGIBBAT (Hanunuo, Alangan,

Gubatnon, Iraya, Buhid Bangon,
Tadyawan) Mangyan Mindoro Inc.
Kabalikat sa Kaunlaran ng mga Ayta,
Inc. (KAKAI)

Advocacy Grants

Luzon

136,605

2010-2011

Advocacy Grants

Luzon

177,375

2010-2011

Development of Advocacies,
Strategies and Communication
Activi-ties through Participatory
Video for a Residential Subdivision
against Underground Petrochemical
Seepage and Pollution
Advocacy and Alliance Building
towards Environmental Defense
Fostering Sustainable Ecology and
Development through Organic
Fertilizer Production
Publication and Dissemination of
the Taal Volcano Protected Landscape General Management Plan

University of the Philippines Social

Action & Re-search for Development
Foundation

Advocacy Grants

Luzon

283,700

2010-2011

Baguio Village Intercultural Association,

Inc. (BICAS)
Gelacio I. Yason Foundation-Family
Farm School, Inc.

Advocacy Grants

Luzon

190,800

2010-2011

Advocacy Grants

Luzon

700,175

2010-2011

PUSOD, Inc.

Advocacy
Grants

Luzon

150,000

2010-2011

Visayas Islands Consultation on the

Climate Change Agenda for the
Aquino Administration
Panay Island Watershed Summit
Ridge to Reef Project

Philippine Partners for the Development

of Human Resources in Rural Areas
(PHILDHRRA)
Kahublagan Sang Panimay Foundation,
Inc. (KSPF)

Advocacy Grants

Visayas

146,400

2010-2011

Advocacy Grants

Visayas

500,000

2010-2011

Sustainable Watershed
Management and Forest
Biodiversity Conservation Summit
Developing Market Options for
Renewable Energy Project

Save Ormoc Bay Aggrupation (SOBA

Advocacy Grants

Visayas

150,000

2010-2011

Central Visayas Fisherfolks

Development Center, Inc. (CVFDC)

Advocacy Grants

Visayas

250,000

2010-2011

Title
Ilo-ilo City Environmental Summit
Dont Mess with Our Talong
Advocacy Campaign

Raising Environmental Awareness

through Music and Theatre in Public
Schools in Davao City
Strengthening People's Movement
Against Dirty Energy
Justice for Leonard Co: Fact
Finding Mission
North Zabala Patrol Boats Repair
Youth Eco-Convergence Program:
Empower, Educate, Elevate
Nueva Ecija Development
Exchange (NEDEX) for Human
Economic and Socio-Cultural Uplift
Team Visit to Santa, Ilocos SurMagnetite Sand Issue
Multi-stakeholders Consultation and
Publication of the Revised
Management Plan of Mt. Banahaw
San Cristobal Protected
Landscape (MBSCPL)
Ikalahan Ancestral Domain
Summit/Strategic Plan
Formation of Northern Luzon
Network Against Large-Scale
Mining Through the Northern Luzon
Mining and Human Rights Summit
Capacitating Vulnerable
Communities Towards Sustainable
Natural Resource Production and
Management Project
Revisiting A7 for ICZM (Alliance of
Seven Municipalities for Integrated
Coastal Zone Management)

Implementation Partner/s

Strategy

Scope

Amount

Duration

University of the Philippines-Visayas

Foundation, Inc. (UPVFI)
The SIAD Initiatives in Mindanao
Convergence for Asset Reform &
Regional Development, Inc.
(SIMCARRD)
Kaliwat Theatre Collective/Mindanao
Peoples Caucus

Advocacy Grants

Visayas

80,000

2010-2011

Advocacy Grants

Mindanao

200,000

2010-2011

Advocacy Grants

Mindanao

800,000

2010-2011

Mindanao Interfaith Services

Foundation (MISF)
Samahan ng Nagtataguyod ng Agham
at Teknolo-hiya sa Sambayanan
(AGHAM)
Samahan ng Maliliit na Mangingisda ng
Nicanor Zabala, Inc. ( SMMNZI)
Youth for Sustainable Development
Assembly (YSDA)
Kababaihang Masigla ng Nueva Ecija
(KMNE)

Advocacy Grants

Mindanao

100,000

2010-2011

Environment
Defense Grant

Philippines

199,744

2010-2011

Environment
Defense Grant
ConstituencyBuilding Grants
ConstituencyBuilding Grants

Luzon

104,505

2010-2011

National

200,000

2011-2012

Luzon

200,000

2011-2012
Completed

Association of Women in Theology

(AWIT)
Tanggol Kalikasan-Timog Katagalugan
(TK-TK)

ConstituencyBuilding Grants
ConstituencyBuilding Grants

Luzon

58,500

Luzon

357,500

2011-2012
Completed
2011-2012

Kalahan Education Foundation (KEF)

Luzon

99,000

Katinnulong Daguiti Umili Iti Amianan,

Inc. (KADUAMI)

ConstituencyBuilding Grants
ConstituencyBuilding Grants

Luzon

200,000

Institute of Social Order (ISO)-Ateneo

De Manila University

ConstituencyBuilding Grants

Luzon

1,961,400

2011-2012

Guiuan Development Foundation, Inc.

(GDFI)

ConstituencyBuilding Grants

Visayas

94,500

2011-2012
Completed

2011-2012
Completed
2011-2012
Completed

Title
Arakan Indigenous Manobo
Kulamanon-Tinanon Summit:
Towards furthering and
strengthening Indigenous forest
governance for climate change
mitigation and adaptation within
Arakan Valley, North Cotabato
Capability Building on Marine and
Mangrove Biodiversity in Davao del
Sur
Convergence of Conscience: A
CARAGA-wide Multi-stakeholders
Conference on the Social Cost of
Mining and Networking of
Environmental Organizations
Climate Change Adaptation and
Disaster Risk Reduction
Conference
State of Indigenous Peoples
Address (SIPA) 2011
Advocating Green Urbanism as a
Strategy for Climate Change
2011 Marine PA Awards and
Recognition Event
Stakeholders Meeting on the
National Greening Program
1st International Symposium on
Philippine Native Plants
Philippines Civil Society
Participation in Rio+20 & Revision
of Philippine Agenda 21
A Brochure of Native Tree Species
for Reforestation
Philippine Native Trees 101 Up
Close and Personal
Paid Ad on State of Nature
Assessment
ABKD 2011 (Apoy, Bagyo,
Kalamidad, Dibuhong Pambata)
Promotion of Eco-Friendly Stove

Implementation Partner/s

Strategy

Scope

Amount

Duration

Manobo Lumadnong Panaghiusa sa

Arakan Valley, Inc. (MALUPA)

ConstituencyBuilding Grants

Mindanao

72,500

2011-2012
Completed

Davao Association of Colleges and

Schools, Inc. (DACS)

ConstituencyBuilding Grants

Mindanao

67,000

2011-2012
Completed

Fr. Saturnino Urios University

ConstituencyBuilding Grants

Mindanao

95,000

2011-2012

Philippine Partnership for the

Development of Human Resources in
Rural Areas (PhilDHRRA)
The Legal Rights & Natural Resources
Center (LRC)-Kasama sa Kalikasan
(KSK)/Friends of the Earth (FOE)
University of the PhilippinesPLANADES
Marine Environment and Resources
Foundation (MERF)
Earth Day Network of the Philippines,
Inc. (EDNPI)
Philippine Native Plants Conservation
Society, Inc. (PNPCSI
Civil Society Counterpart Council for
Sustainable Development (CSCCSD)

ConstituencyBuilding Grants

Mindanao

150,000

2011-2012

Advocacy Grants

National

200,000

2011-2012
Completed

Advocacy Grants

National

456,415

Advocacy Grants

National

200,000

2011-2012
Completed
2011-2012

Advocacy Grants

National

97,860

Advocacy Grants

National

10,000

Advocacy Grants

National

460,000

ViSCA Foundation for Agricultural and

Rural Development, Inc. (ViFARD)
Hortica Filipina Foundation, Inc.

Advocacy Grants

National

25,000

Advocacy Grants

National

800,000

Partnership for Clean Air

Advocacy Grants

National

168,381

Citizens Disaster Response Center

(CDRC)
Institute for the Development of
Education and Ecological Alternatives,
Inc, (IDEAS)

Advocacy Grants

Luzon

135,000

Advocacy Grants

Luzon

185,000

2011-2012
Completed
2011-2012
For Discussion
2011-2012
Completed
2011-2012
Completed
2011-2012
Completed
2011-2012
For Discussion
2011-2012
Completed
2011-2012

Title
Protecting the Integrity of
Communal Watersheds and
Ancestral Forests in Bucloc and
Boliney Municipalities in Abra
Province
Stakeholders Forum/Planning
Workshop on BCSD
Regional Consultation on Mining in
the Bicol Region
Luzon Indigenous Peoples InterTribal Exchange Program (LIPITEP)
Establishment of an MRF and
Demonstration Site for Composting
and Eco Park Development
Empowering People, Environmental
Protection and Preservation in the
Diocese of Maasin, Leyte
First Danajon Summit: Collaborating
Efforts for our Shared Resources
Biodiversity Reserve Development
for HS Pilot Expansion
Ridge to Reef New Directions and
Opportunities
Cebu Green Economy Summit
Communities in Convergence:
Building Livable and Sustainable
Cebu
Natural Resource Assessment of
Mt. Sisipitan and Mt. Mugao
Ancestral Domain
Environmental Reality of Naga City
Mangrove Cover and Coral Reef
Assessment in Ilocos Sur
Charcoal Making in the 3rd District
of Negros Occidental
Restoring the Pagsangaan
Watershed for Forest Biodiversity
Conservation

Implementation Partner/s

Strategy

Scope

Amount

Duration

Indigenous Peoples Apostolate

Diocesan Social Apostolate
Commission (IPA-DSAC)

Advocacy Grants

Luzon

799,885

2011-2012

Diocese of Virac Social Action

Foundation, Inc. (DVSAFI)
Institute for Environmental Conservation
and Research (INECAR) of Ateneo de
Naga University
Kalipunan ng Katutubong Mamamayan
ng Pilipinas (KAMP)

Advocacy Grants

Luzon

84,625

Advocacy Grants

Luzon

200,000

2011-2012
Completed
2011-2012

Advocacy Grants

Luzon

175,500

2011-2012

Santo Nio de Cebu Augustinian Social

Development Foundation

Advocacy Grants

Visayas

80,000

2011-2012

Diocesan Social Action Center of

Maasin, Inc. (DSAC)

Advocacy Grants

Visayas

800,000

2011-2012

Coastal Conservation and Education

Foundation, Inc. (CCEF)
Soil and Water Conservation
Foundation, Inc. (SWCF
Regional Environmental Education
Network Region 6, Inc. (REEN6)
Cebu Uniting for Sustainable Water
(CUSW)

Advocacy Grants

Visayas

99,000

Advocacy Grants

Visayas

1,883,964

2011-2012
Completed
2011-2012

Advocacy Grants

Visayas

90,000

Advocacy Grants

Visayas

200,000

2011-2012
Completed
2011-2012

Tipon iti Umili Para iti Panangsaluad ti

Nakaparsuan (TIPON)

Research Grants

Luzon

199,100

2011-2012

Bicol Consortium for Sustainable

Society (BCCS)
Cordillera Peoples Alliance (CPA)

Research Grants

Luzon

200,000

2011-2012

Research Grants

Luzon

743,000

2011-2012

FOREST/Research, Development and

Extension Office (RDEO) West Negros
University
Save Ormoc Bay Aggrupation, Inc.
(SOBA)

Research Grants

Visayas

200,000

2011-2012

Research Grants

Visayas

800,000

2011-2012

Title

Implementation Partner/s

Physico-chemical, Hydrological,
Biological, and Socio-economic
Assessment of the Binalbagan
River in Negros Island
Heavy Metal Contamination in
Sarangani Bay Waters and
Sediments and its Uptake on
Fishes, Shellfishes and Seaweeds:
Benchmark for Policy Formulation
and Environmental Management
Pesticide Residues in Surface
Waters and Groundwater Supplies
in Large Scale Agricultural Areas in
Tboli, South Cotabato: A Health
Concern
Sustaining Mangyan Agri-Culture

Center for Tropical Conservation

Studies (CENTROP)-Silliman University

Research Grants

Visayas

650,000

2011-2012

Association of Mindanao State

University Alumni (AMSUA)
Cooperative

Research Grants

Mindanao

200,000

2011-2012

OND HESED Foundation, Inc.

Research Grants

Mindanao

200,000

2011-2012

Mangyan Mission

Luzon

199,100

2011-2012

Environmental Paralegal Action by

Peoples Organization in North
West Panay Peninsula (NWPP)
Natural Park
Protecting the Watershed Forest
Reserves Through Legal
Empowerment
Rainforestation Program for Aeta
Upland Community

BioResource Conservation Trust for the

Philippines, Inc. (BIOCON)

Environmental
Defense Grants
Environmental
Defense Grants

Visayas

200,000

2011-2012

Balay Alternative Legal Advocates for

Development in Mindanaw, Inc.
(BALAOD Mindanao)
Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction
Network (PDRRN)/(Kalipunan ng mga
Liping Ayta ng Lupaing Ninuno, Inc.
(KALIPI)
Central Bicol State University
Development Organization
Site Grants

Environmental
Defense Grants

Mindanao

1,787,800

2011-2012

Site Grants

Luzon

800,000

2011-2012

Site Grants

Luzon

1,000,000

2011-2012

Luzon

1,000,000

2011-2012

New Panggangan Fisherfolks

Association (NPFA)
Iloilo Caucus of Development NGOs
(ICODE)

Site Grants

Luzon

15,000

2011-2012

Site Grants

Visayas

799,300

2011-2012

Eco-Agri

Site Grants

Visayas

617,300

2011-2012

Federation of Multi-sectoral Alliance for

Development Negros(MUAD)

Site Grants

Visayas

2,000,000

2011-2012

RSEA: Lake Buhi

RSEA: Kalbaryo Patapat
Replanting of Endemic Tree
Species in Critical Watershed
Framework Development and
Strategic Planning for
Sicogon/Gigantes
Southern Negros Cauayan Forest
Reservation Biodiversity
Conservation Project
Promoting Biodiversity
Conservation and Sustainable
Agriculture

Strategy

Scope

Amount

Duration

Title

Implementation Partner/s

Strategy

Scope

Amount

Duration

Integrated Area Conservation and

Resource Enhancement: I-CARE
Yr4
Establishment of Bio-fence at
Mananga Watershed Yr 1
RSEA: Mt. Nacolod

Third District Development Alliance of

Resource Managers, Inc. (TDDARM

Site Grants

Visayas

2,000,000

2011-2012

Cebu Biodiversity Conservation

Foundation, Inc. (CBCF)
Site Grants

Site Grants

Visayas

2,000,000

2011-2012

Visayas

1,000,000

2011-2012

Reducing Pollution Through

Alternative and Individual
Rehabilitation of Silway River
Strengthening Management of the
Bunawan Marine Protected Area
(BMPA) in Davao Gulf Towards
Biodiversity Conservation
RSEA: Marilog District

Mahintana Foundation, Inc.

Site Grants

Mindanao

1,824,633

2011-2012

Association of Fisherfolk of Davao City,

Inc. (AFDCI)

Site Grants

Mindanao

1,580,695

2011-2012

Tropical Institute for Climate Studies Ateneo de Davao University (TropICSADDU)

Mindanao State University-Naawan
Foundation for Science and Technology
Development, Inc. (MSU-NFSTD)
P.D. Subanen Inc.

Site Grants

Mindanao

1,000,000

2011-2012

Site Grants

Mindanao

1,000,000

2011-2012

Advocacy

National

PhP 150,000.00

2012-2013

Center for Environmental Concerns

(CEC)
Philippine Human Rights Information
Center (PhilRights), Inc.

Advocacy

National

PhP 200,00.00

2012-2013

Advocacy

National

Php 2,000,000.00

2012-2013

Philippine Earth Justice Center Inc.

(PEJC)

Advocacy

National

Php 200,000.00

2012-2013

Foundation for Integrative and

Development Studies, Inc. (FIDS)

Advocacy

National

Php 200,000.00

2012-2013

Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau

(PAWB)
Caucus of Development NGO Networks
(CODE-NGO)

Advocacy

National

Php 110,000.00

2012-2013

Advocacy

National

Php 200,000.00

2012-2013

Kahublagan sang Panimalay

Foundation, Inc. (KSPFI)

Advocacy

National

Php 157,000.00

2012-2013

St. Augustine Scholarship Fund, Inc.

(SASFI)

Advocacy

National

Php 200,000.00

2012-2013

RSEA: Agusan Marsh

National Indigenous Peoples

Womens Gathering 2012
Peoples Summit on the National
Reclamation Planning
Campaign to Push for the
Enactment of the Alternative
Minerals Management Bill
Securing and Enforcing Legal
Remedies Against Mining in the
Philippines
Integrating Biodiversity Research,
Education, Public Engagement, and
Conservation
New Philippine Endemic Species
Launch
CSO Learning and Planning
Sessions on Responding to Climate
Change and Risks Mitigation
Organization of the 11th General
Assembly of the Philippine
Watershed Management Coalition
Building Towards Philippine Biochar
National Agenda

Title

Implementation Partner/s

Strategy

Scope

Amount

Duration

Summer Internship Program for

Southern Luzon
Summer Internship Program for
Northern Mindadao
Summer Internship Program for
North Luzon
Summer Internship Program for
National Capital Region
Summer Internship Program for
Visayas Region
FPEs Action on Philex Mining

SentrongAlternatibongPanligal
(SALIGAN) Inc.
KaisahanTungosaKaunlaranngKanayun
an at RepormangPansakahan, Inc.
Tanggol Kalikasan

Advocacy

National

Php 81,550.00

2012-2013

Advocacy

National

Php 100,000.00

2012-2013

Advocacy

National

Php100,000.00

2012-2013

Ateneo Human Rights Center (AHRC)

Advocacy

National

Php 100,000.00

2012-2013

Environmental Legal Assistance Center

(ELAC)
FPE-PDU Project Development Fund

Advocacy

National

Php 100,000.00

2012-2013

Advocacy

National

Php 200,000.00

2012-2013

Apoy, Bagyo, Kalamidad:

DibuhongPambata (ABKD) 2012
PagpupulongngmgaAeta

Citizens Disaster Response Center

(CDRC), Inc.
LubosnaAlyansangmgaKatutubongAyta
ngSambales (LAKAS)
Philippine Task Force for Indigenous
Peoples Rights (TFIP)
Katala Foundation

Advocacy

Luzon

Php 180,000.00

2012-2013

Advocacy

Luzon

Php 112,500.00

2012-2013

Advocacy

Luzon

Php 187,500.00

2012-2013

Advocacy

Luzon

Php 100,000.00

2012-2013

Bicol Consortium for Development

Initiatives, Inc. (BCDI)

Advocacy

Luzon

Php 200,000.00

2012-2013

Kahublagan sang Panimalay

Foundation, Inc. (KSPFI)

Advocacy

Visayas

Php 180,000.00

2012-2013

PADAYON Bohol Marine Triangle

Management Council (BMTMCI)
Carles Multi-Purpose Cooperative

Advocacy

Visayas

Php 27,500.00

2012-2013

Advocacy

Visayas

Php 310,250.00

2012-2013

PambansangKilusanngmgaSamahang
Magsasaka (PAKISAMA)

Advocacy

Visayas

Php 2,000,000.00

2012-2013

Eastern Samar Social Development

Organization, Inc. (ESSDO)
Coastal Conservation and Education
Foundation (CCEF)
Community Empowerment Resource
Network (CERNET), Inc.
International Fellowships ProgramPhilippines Alumni Association

Advocacy

Visayas

Php 87,000.00

2012-2013

Advocacy

Visayas

Php 200,000.00

2012-2013

Advocacy

Visayas

Php 200,000.00

2012-2013

Advocacy

Visayas

Php 200,000.00

2012-2013

Advocacy Campaign on the Philex

Dam Failure
Mobilization and Advocacy vs. Coal
Mining in Rasa Island
Bicol Regional Advocacy Forum on
Biodiversity Issues and Local
Government Responses for
Resource Conservation and
Management
Publication of Common Land Water:
An Island Perspective on
Watersheds
Peoples Summit on Impact of
Reclamation
Climate Change Advocacy
&Rainforestation Farming
Protecting Caluyas Biodiversity and
Building Voices of Caluya;s
Seaweed Farmers
Lobby to the CENR for Passage of
the SINP Bill
Advocating Science-based MPA
Desigs thru IEC Advocacy
Election Advocacy for Good
Environmental Governance
Community Press and Climate
Change, Reporting on Climate

Title

Implementation Partner/s

Strategy

Scope

Amount

Duration

Change: A Seminar Workshop for

Community Press in Western
Visayas Philippines

(IFFPAA), Inc.

Southwestern Negros Watershed

Summit
Support for 1st Central Visayas PA
Management Summit

Commission on Social Action, Diocese

of Kabankalan
Ramon Aboitiz Foundation, Inc.
Eduardo Aboitiz Development Studies
Center (RAFI-EADSC)
Sarangani Province Empowerment and
Community Transformation Forum, Inc.
(SPECTRUM)
Diocesan Social Action Center (DSAC)
of the Diocese of Tandag
Cantilan CSO

Advocacy

Visayas

Php 458,600.00

2012-2013

Advocacy

Visayas

Php 200,000.00

2012-2013

Advocacy

Mindanao

Php 150,000.00

2012-2013

Advocacy

Mindanao

Php 200,000.00

2012-2013

Advocacy

Mindanao

Php 70,000.00

2012-2013

Cantilan CSO

Advocacy

Mindanao

Php 75,000.00

2012-2013

SIMMCARD

Advocacy

Mindanao

Php 200,000.00

2012-2013

Diliman Science Research Foundation

(DSRF), Inc.

Research

National

Php 1,498,050.00

2012-2013

Philippine Partnership for the

Development of Human Resources in
Rural Areas-National (PhilDHRRANational)
Foundation for Integrative and
Development Studies, Inc. (FIDS)
Dr. Arvin Diesmos

Research

National

Php 200,000.00

2012-2013

Research

National

Php 200,000.00

2012-2013

Research

National

Php 800,000.00

2012-2013

Mindoro Biodiversity Conservation

Foundation (MBCFI)
Philippine Partnership for the
Development of Human Resources in
Rural Areas-Luzon Secretariat
(PhilDHRRA-Luzon)
Conduits for Development, Inc. (CDI)

Research

Luzon

Php 1,022,100.00

2012-2013

Research

Luzon

Php 200,000.00

2012-2013

Research

Visayas

Php 2,000,000.00

2012-2013

Stakeholders Forum on DRR and

CCA in SOCSARGEN
In Defense of Watersheds of
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur
CSO/IPO/LGU Meeting with DENR
on Mining
Mutli-Sectoral Investigation Team
Mobilization Budget Mining
Ban Aerial Spray Support Project
Need to Quantify and Understand
Reef Biodiversity in the Philippines
for the Benefit of the Filipinos
Knowledge Product Development of
Sustainable and Integrated Area
Development (SAID) Initiatives for
Rural Development
Using Science-based Evidence to
Prosecute Pangolin Poachers
Illustrated Guidebooks to the
Philippines Amphibians and
Reptiles (An Open Access
Resource for Students, Scientists,
and Conservation Biologists)
Mt. Calavite Wildlife Sanctuary
Rapid Site Assessment Project
Mapping the Development
Initiatives of CSOs in Conservation
Areas as Models for Serendipitous
Climate Change Adaptation
Research Study on the Impact of
Mining in Llorente, Homohon and
Manicani Island in Eastern Samar

Title
Capacity-Building for MFARMC on
Coastal Resource Assessment,
Monitoring, and Evaluation
Re-assessment of Communitybased Mangrove Forest Ecosystem
in Maribojoc Bay
Participatory Resource AppraisalResource and Social Assessment
Environmental Defense Program
Year 3
Enforestment: Enforcing Forest and
Fishery Statutes Through Mentoring
Rehabilitation and Development of
Watershed cum Nursery
Establishment (Indigenous Species
and Fruit Bearing Trees) as IncomeGenerating Project of Brgy.
Pedlisan, Maddela, Quirino
Gabriela Multipurpose Cooperative
Rehabilitation of Reforestation Site
Mt. Bulusan Volcano Exploratory
Partnership Project
Biak-na-Bato Post Site-Focused
Intervention
Sta. Catalina Biodiversity Project
Community-based Coastal
Resource Management Project for
the South Eastern Coastal
Communities of the Province of
Eastern Samar Year 3
Study on the Outcomes of the Bohol
Marine Triangle (BMT) Marine
Conservation Project
Impact Evaluation of Mt.
Talinis/Twin Lakes Biodiversity
Conservation Project
Silway River Erosion and Flood
Control Project
Arakan Forest Corridor
Development Project Year 3
Ligawasan Marsh Strategic Plan
Review Workshop

Implementation Partner/s
South Pacific Integrated Area
Development Foundation, Inc.
(SPIADFI)
Participatory Research Organization of
Communities and Education
(PROCESS)-Bohol
Development Options and Social
Entrepreneurship (DOSE), Inc.
Alternative Law Group (ALG)

Strategy

Scope

Amount

Duration

Research

Visayas

Php 200,000.00

2012-2013

Research

Visayas

Php 800,000.00

2012-2013

Research

Mindanao

Php 600,000.00

2012-2013

Environmental
Defense
Environmental
Defense
Site-based

National

Php 2,000,000.00

2012-2013

Luzon

Php 2,000,000.00

2012-2013

Luzon

Php 708,714.00

2012-2013

Gabriela Multipurpose Cooperative

Site-based

Luzon

Php 128,000.00

2012-2013

FPE LRU

Site-based

Luzon

Php 200,000.00

2012-2013

FPE LRU

Site-based

Luzon

Php 200,000.00

2012-2013

Sta. Catalina Bukidnon Tribe

Association
Southeastern Samar Peoples
Organization Consortium, Inc.
(SeaSPOC)

Site-based

Visayas

Php 425,000.00

2012-2013

Site-based

Visayas

Php 1,650,000.00

2012-2013

FPE VRU

Site-based

Visayas

Php 400,000.00

2012-2013

FPE VRU

Site-based

Visayas

Php 350,000.00

2012-2013

Tribal Leaders Development

Foundation, Inc. (TLDFI)
Philippine Easge Foundation, Inc.
(PEFI)
Maguindanaon Development
Foundation, Inc. (MDFI)

Site-based

Mindanao

Php 723,675.00

2012-2013

Site-based

Mindanao

Php 1,995,930.00

2012-2013

Site-based

Mindanao

Php 275,000.00

2012-2013

Palawan NGO Network, Inc. (PNNI)

St. Joseph Savings and Development
Cooperative

Title
Integrated Biodiversity Conservation
and Sustainable Development
Project of the Lake Mainit Year 3
Arakan Forest Corridor
Development Stakeholders Review
of 5-Year Strategic Plan
Laglagaan Mountain and
Watershed Source Rehabilitation
and Protection
Ipil Coastal Community Climate
Change Mitigation Project
Ligawasan Marsh Project Allocation

Implementation Partner/s

Strategy

Scope

Amount

Duration

Green Mindanao Association, Inc.

(GMAI)

Site-based

Mindanao

Php 1,547,500.00

2012-2013

PEFI

Site-based

Mindanao

Php 275,000.00

2012-2013

IPCDS

Site-based

Mindanao

Php 150,000.00

2012-2013

XAES/XSF

Site-based

Mindanao

Php 200,000.00

2012-2013

MDFI

Site-based

Mindanao

Php 800,000.00

2012-2013

Impact Evaluation of
FPE
MICADEV/Matutum Project
Impact Evaluation of Dinagat
FPE
Projects
PHILIPPINE TROPICAL FOREST CONSERVATION FOUNDATION

Site-based

Mindanao

Php 350,000.00

2012-2013

Site-based

Mindanao

Php 350,000.00

2012-2013

Sustaining Sablayan Forest

Restoration Project (Year 2)

Samahan ng Sablayenong
Mapagkalinga sa Kalikasan,
(SASAMAKA) Inc.
Kainayahan Foundation Inc.

Site-based

Luzon

USD 29,424.00

Feb. 2, 2009 Jan. 31, 2010

Site-based

Mindanao

USD 38,118.00

Feb. 9, 2009
Feb. 8, 2010

Paglilingkod Batas Pangkapatiran

Foundation, Inc.(PBPF)

Site-based

Mindanao

USD 33,243.00

Jan. 5 2009
Dec. 31, 2009

Palawan NGO Network

Environmental
Defense
Advocacy

Luzon

USD 2,157.00

Luzon

USD 2,157.00

March 15, 2009

June 30, 2009
May, 4, 2009May 3, 2010

Kasanyangan Rural Development

Foundation (KRDFI)

Site-based

Mindanao

USD 34,833.00

May 4, 2009
May 3, 2010

University of the Philippines College

of Baguio Educational Foundation, Inc.

Research

Luzon

USD 2,157.00

April 8, 2009
May 31, 2009

Enhancement of Community-based
Initiatives towards
Rehabilitation and Protection of
Community Watersheds in
Marilog Uplands (Year 2)
Protecting our Peoples Biodiversity
Heritage in the Ancestral Forest of
Marasugan, Compostella Valley
(Phase 2)
Palawan Para-Enforcers
IEC and Advocacy Campaign
for Forest Protection and
Conservation of the Northern
Sierra Madre Nature Park
Community-based biodiversity
Management and Adoption of
Vermi-Composting and Natural
Farming Technologies at
WMSU's Forest Reservation
Multi-sectoral Assessment of
Baguio City's Forest Conservation

CAVAPPED

Title

Implementation Partner/s

Status

(UBCB)

Forestry Law Enforcement Learning

Exchange
Discussion Session on Rule of
Procedure for Environmental Cases
Pacasaday towards Economic
and Environmental Development
Continuation and Expansion of
Community-based Conservation
of Indigenous Trees
Oplan Sima II

Task Force Sierra Madre NQ

Strategy

Scope

Amount

Duration
April 20, 2009
May 1, 2009
April 10, 2009
June 10, 2009
May 15, 2009
May 14, 2010
May 18, 2009
May 17, 2010

Environmental
Defense
Environmental
Defense
Site-based

Luzon

USD 431.00

Luzon

USD 1,834.00

Mindanao

USD 21,970.00

Site-based

Mindanao

USD 41,475.00

Tanggol Kalikasan

Advocacy

Luzon

USD 37,735.00

Nuestra Paragua

Palawan NGO Network Inc. (PNNI)

Advocacy

Luzon

USD 43,144.00

Establishing a locally Managed

Wildlife Sanctuary in Calayan Island
Watershed Management and
Biodiversity Conservation in
Sibuyan Island Philippines
Conserving Mangrove Resources
through Rehabilitation and
Protection Project (Phase II)
Strengthening Governance
Capacities to Rehabilitate the
MONO-ALAH Watershed
Sustainable Tourism Enterprise
Development in Bantayan

Isla Biodiversity Conservation

Site-based

Luzon

USD 15,377.00

WWF Philippines in Partnership

Sibuyan Mangyan Tagabukid Tribal
Association
Bangsa Palawan Philippines, Inc.

Site-based

Luzon

USD 43,144.00

Advocacy

Luzon
Palawan

USD 35,292.00

July 15, 2009 July 14, 2010

ISFI-ADDU

Advocacy

USD 15,101.00

August 1, 2009 July 30, 2010

Omagieca

Site-based

USD 2,157.00

August 1, 2009 July 30, 2010

Addressing Vulnerabilities of
Malarayat Ecosystem and
Dependent Communities to
Climate Change
NAREK Conservation Planning
Workshop

PUSOD, Incorporated

Site-based

Mindanao
Bagumbaya
n
Visayas
Bantayan
(Negros)
Luzon
Malrayat
(Batangas)

USD 31,746.00

July 28, 2009 June 30, 2010

CAVAPPED

Advocacy

USD 1,821.00

Sept. 15, 2009 Oct. 31, 2009

Continuity of the Mangrove

Forest Development in the
selected municipalities of Lanao
del Norte
Merging Socio-Economic
development and Biodiversity
Conservation in Mt. Palali

LAFCCOD

Research

Luzon
Cagayan
Valley
Visayas
Lanao del
Norte

USD 2,157.00

July Oct. 30,

2009

Friends of the Environment for

Development and Sustainability, Inc
(FRENDS)

Advocacy

Luzon

USD 43,067.00

Oct. 1, 2009
Sept. 30, 2009

Alternative Law Groups Inc. (ALG)

Pacasaday Manobo Association
(PAMAAS), Inc.
Landcare Foundation of the Philippines,
Inc. (LFPI)

Nueva

Feb 1, 2009
Jan. 31, 2009
May 1, 2009
April 30, 2010
August 1, 2009 July 31, 2010
July 1, 2009 June 30, 2010

Title
through Community-Based
Management Approach
Towards a Provincial Level
Community-Based Mangrove
Protection and Management in
Northern Samar
Community-Based Mangrove
Rehabilitation to Enhance
Coastal Habitats in Seven
Danajon Bank Sites - Yr2
National Conference on
Strengthening Forestry
Education in Addressing Climate
Change and Water Security
A Sweet Exchange between
Palawan and the South of
France: Support for IP
Participation
Identification of Forest
Restoration Sites
Calawis Community Rainforestation
Training Workshop and Nursery
Establishment
Dipterocarp Tree Domestication
and Use on Public and Private
Lands in Selected Sites to
Expand and Conserve Philippine
Forests Yr III
San Jose Community
Rainforestation Training Workshop
and Nursery Establishment
Bantay Kabuhatan
Save Sierra Madre Network
Summit
Establishment of an Integrated
Reforestation, Conservation, and
Sustainable Livelihood Program for
Kanawan Aytas in the Bataan
National Park Yr.3
Aeta Leadership Formation
Program for BCSD of their
Ancestral Domain

Implementation Partner/s

Strategy

Scope

Amount

Duration

Vizcaya
Empowerment and Resource
Development (CERD)

Site-based

Mindanao
Northern
Samar

USD 25,392.00

Oct. 1, 2009
Sept 30, 2009

Project Seahorse

Site-based

Visayas
Leyte

USD 16, 665.00

Oct. 1, 2009
Sept. 30, 2010

Philippine Forestry Education Network

(PFEN)

Advocacy

National

USD 2,175.00

Nov. 8, 2009
Nov. 15, 2009

NTFP-EP

Advocacy

Luzon
Palawan

USD 2,067.00

Nov. 3, 2009
Feb. 28, 2009

First Philippine Conservation

Incorporated
FPE3

Research

National

USD 2,026.00

Site-based

Luzon
Antipolo

USD 2,157.00

Nov. 16, 2009

Dec. 16, 2009
Dec. 15, 2009
Mar. 15, 2010

Soil and Water Conservation

Foundation (SWCF)

Research

National

USD 28,809.00

Dec. 8, 2009
Nov. 30, 2010

FPE3

Site-based

Luzon
San Jose

USD 2,157.00

Dec. 15, 2009

Mar. 15, 2010

Caraga Conference for Peace and

Development (CCPD)
Task Force Sierra Madre NQ

Advocacy

Mindanao
Caraga
Luzon

USD 31,731.00

Center for Biomolecular Science

Foundation

Site-based

Luzon
Bataan

USD 40,269.00

Jan. 19, 2010

Jan. 19, 2011
Sept. 10, 2009
Oct. 10, 2009
Jan. 18, 2010Jan. 17, 2011

Education for Life Foundation

Site-based

Luzon

USD 2,279.00

Advocacy

USD 1,079.00

Jan. 15, 2010

June 15, 2010

Title
Plant Biodiversity and Zonation of
the Caimpugan Peat Swamp Forest
on Mindanao Island, Philippines
Tanap Forest Reserve
Conservation and Protection Project
Development Phase
Managing Common Resources,
Sustaining the Livelihood of Coastal
Communities through Mangrove
Management Yr. 2
Sustaining the Mangrove
Rehabilitation Initiatives and
Livelihood Enhancement in (SMILE)
- Sibugay Bay Project (Year 1)
Mainstreaming Native Species based Forest Restoration
PES National Conference Workshop: PES for Climate Change
Adaptation and Mitigation
Nuestra Paragua Dos (Buffer
Zoning and Management Plans for
Community Conserved Areas
Sustaining Local Capacity
Enhancement for Resource
Management and Development in
the Allah Valley Forest Reserve
Profile, Status, Needs Assessment
and Project Development Proposal
for Forest Restoration and
Biodiversity Protection of Lowland
Dipterocarp Forests in Silago,
Southern Leyte
Consultative meetings and technical
support for the Sustainable Forest
Management Bill
Legal Support for the Sustainable
Forest Management Bill
Expanded Environmental Defense
Program
Coalition of Fisherfolk Association
for the Restoration of Sibuguey
Bay's Over-exploited Mangroves
and Natural Resources in Siay,

Implementation Partner/s

Strategy

Scope

Amount

Duration

Dr. Edwin Fernando

Research

Mindanao
Caimpugan

USD 2,279.00

May 17, 2010

May 16, 2011

Kalinga Mission for Indigenous

Communities and Youth Development
Inc.
Institute of Social Order

Site-base

Luzon
Ilocos Norte

USD 2,256.00

Mar. 18, 2010

May 18, 2010

Site-base

Luzon
Quezon

USD 31,605.00

Jan. 1, 2010
Dec. 30, 2010

Xavier Agriculture Extension Service

Site-base

Mindanao
Zamboanga

USD 45,547.00

May 15, 2010

May 14, 2011

Environmental Leadership and Training

Initiative (ELTI)
IRRI ICRAF Project

Advocacy

USD 2,279.00

Advocacy

Luzon
(UP Diliman)
National

June 1 Jul 16,

2010
Aug 12-13, 2010

Palawan NGO Network, Inc. (PNNI)

Environmental
Defence

Luzon
Palawan

USD 45,579.00

May 1, 2010
Apr. 30, 2011

Tribal Leaders Development

Foundation, Inc.

Site-base

Mindanao
South
Cotabato

USD 45,547.00

July 1, 2010
June 30, 2011

ViSCA Foundation for Agricultural and

Rural Development (ViFARD), Inc.

Environmental
Defence

Visayas
Leyte

USD 2,279.00

July 1, 2010
Sept. 1, 2010

Haribon Foundation

Environmental
Defence

National

USD 2,232.00

May 1, 2010
Sept. 30, 2010

Ana Rhia T. Muhi

Environmental
Defence
Environmental
Defence
Site-based

National

USD 1,823.00

National

USD 45, 479.00

Mindanao

USD 41,568.00

June 1, 2010
Aug 1, 2010
Jul 1, 2010
June 1, 2011
Aug. 1, 2010
July 31, 2011

Alternative Law Group, Inc.

Kapunungan sa Gagmay'ng
Mangingisda sa Concepcion (KGMC)

USD 2,279.00

Title

Implementation Partner/s

Strategy

Scope

Amount

Duration

Naga and Kabasalan

Production of Indigenous Seedlings
for Landscape restoration through
Rainforestation (PILARR) Project
Multisectoral Forum on the New
Rules of Procedure for
Environmental Cases in Bislig City,
Surigao city
Merging Socio-Economic
Development and Biodiversity
Conservation in Mt. Palali through
Community-Based Management
Approach (Year 2)
Saving the Gulf by Saving the
Uplands: Up-scaling Project
3rd Symposium on Long-Term
Ecological and Biodiversity
Research
Rainwater Harvesting in the River
Basin for Climate Change
Adaptation: 10th PWMC General
Assembly
Tanap Forest Reserve
Conservation and Protection Project
Community-based Forest
Restoration and Biodiversity
Protection and Management of
Lowland Dipterocarp Forests in
Silago, Southern Leyte
Establishment of a Rainforest
Restoration Initiative (RFRI)
Secretariat
Philippine Tropical Forest
Conservation Learning Series 1
Impacts of Co-Management in
Forest Management
Addressing Vulnerabilities of
Malarayat Ecosystem and
Dependent Communities to Climate
Change Year 2

Can-ugnay Rainforestation Farmers'

Association (CarFA)

Site-based

Visayas

USD 1,743.00

Sept 2010
Aug. 2011

SALIGAN

Environmental
Defence

Mindanao
Surigao

USD 2,279.00

Oct. 18, 2010

Nov. 2010

FRENDS

Site-based

Luzon
Nueva
Vizcaya

USD 45,533.00

Nov. 1, 2010
Oct. 31, 2011

Save Davao Gulf

Advocacy

USD 19,866.00

Kitanglad Integrated NGOs (KIN) Inc.

Research

Mindanao
Davao
National

June 1, 2010
May 31, 2011
Nov. 10 Nov.
30, 2010

Philippine Watershed Management

Coalition

Advocacy

National

USD 2,279.00

Oct. 1, 2010
Jan. 2011

Kalinga Mission for Indigenous

Communities and Youth Development
Inc.
VisCA Foundation for Agricultural and
Rural Development (ViFARD), Inc.

Advocacy

Luzon
Ilocos Norte

USD 38,710.00

Dec. 20, 2010

Dec. 19, 2011

Site-based

Visayas
Leyte

USD 45,424.00

Dec. 20, 2010

Dec. 19, 2011

RFRI - Hazel Consunji

Advocacy

National

USD 2,276.45

Feb. 1, 2011
June 30, 2011

Knowledge Channel Foundation, Inc.

Advocacy

National

USD 45,529.05

Forests and Natural Resources

Research Society of the Philippines,
Inc. (FORESPI)
Pusod, Incorporated, Inc.

Research

National

USD 2,276.45

Feb. 1, 2011
Jan. 31, 2012
Jan. 17, 2011
May 31, 2011

Research

Luzon
Batangas

USD 12,515.94

USD 2,279.00

Mar. 1, 2011
Aug. 31, 2011

Title
Enhancing the Capacity of Various
Stakeholders of the San Teodoro
Watershed in the Preparation of a
Sustainable Watershed
Management
Fostering Dialogue on the Impact of
Mining in Palawan
Plant Towards Rain-forestation and
Eco - Enterprise in sierra Madres
(Plant TREES) - Year 1
Towards REDD-Plus Capacity
Building and Development for the
Philippine Tropical Forest
Conservation Foundation and its
Beneficiaries
North Luzon Consultation Workshop
for The Philippines Environment
Sector Assessment
Leonardo L. Co Trail (The Palanan San Mariano Rapid Biodiversity
Assessment Traverse)
Enhancing Awareness on
Biodiversity Conservation towards
Sustainable Development: A Multistakeholders Approach and Donors'
Forum in Mindanao
Releasing a Philippine Eagle back
to its Habitat within the NSMNP,
Isabela
Native Forest Tree Species
Production
Baseline Data development and
Community Preparation for the
establishment of Science-based
Sustainable Conservation and
Rehabilitation Program for
CALSANAG Watershed Forest
Reserve
Partnership for an Integrated
Approach to the Restoration,
protection and Conservation of Mt.
Kitanglad Forest

Implementation Partner/s

Strategy

Scope

Amount

Duration

Tamaraw Lodge # 65 of Free and

Accepted Mason

Advocacy

Luzon
Mindoro

USD 2,276.45

Mar. 2011
June 2011

Palawan NGO Network, Inc. (PNNI)

Advocacy

USD 2,276.45

Mabuwaya Foundation, Inc

Advocacy

Luzon
Palawan
Luzon

Mar. 17, 2011

June 16, 2011
Feb. 1, 2011
Jan. 31, 2012

Ateneo de Manila University School of

Government

Advocacy

National

USD 39,033.82

Apr. 1, 2011
April 30, 2012

Ateneo de Manila University School of

Government

Site-based

Luzon

USD 1,821.16

May 3, 2011

Philippine Native Plant Conservation

Society Inc.

Advocacy

Luzon
Isabel

USD 2,276.45

Yamog Renewable Energy

Development Group Inc.

Advocacy

Mindanao

USD 2,276.45

Apr. 27, 2011

May 27, 2011

Philippine Eagle Foundation

Site-based

Luzon
Isabela

USD 2,276.45

May 1, 2011
April 30, 2012

Alliance of Young Professionals for

Social and Environmental Development,
Inc.
St. Vincent Ferrer Parish Multi-Purpose
Cooperative (SVFPMPC)

Research

National

USD 2,276.45

Jun. 15, 2011

Feb. 20, 2012

Research

Luzon

USD 2,276.45

Jun. 1, 2011
May 2, 2012

Philippine Federation for Environmental

Concern (PFEC)

Environmental
Defence

Visayas
Bukidnon

USD 19,661.33

Jun 1, 2011
March 31, 2012

USD 38,940.63

Strategy

Scope

Towards a Provincial Level

Community-Based Mangrove
Protection and Management in
Northern Samar
Community Initiatives on
Environmental Protection, Diversity
Assessment, Habitat Restoration,
Agroforestry Enhancement and
Institutionalization of Farmer-toFarmer On-site Training (CIENDARAINFO) Project
Community-based Forest
Rehabilitation using Indigenous
Tree Species
Establishment and Maintenance of
Native Forest Tree Nursery and
Rainforest Demonstration Area in
PFEN member SCUs Using
Rainforest Technology (Year 1)
Nuestra Paragua Tres

Title

Center For Empowerment and

Resource Development (CERD)

Implementation Partner/s

Environmental
Defence

Mindanao
Samar

USD 35,664.80

Amount

May 30, 2011

May 29, 2012

Cienda-San Vicente Farmers

Association (CSVFA)

Site-based

Luzon
Palawan

USD 34,715.90

Jun. 6, 2011 Jun 5, 2012

Calintian Himbangan Integrated

Farmers Association (CHIFA), Inc.

Site-based

Visayas
Leyte

USD 2,276.45

Jun. 1, 2011
May 30, 2012

Philippine Forestry Education Network

Inc. (PFEN)

Site-based

National

USD 43,792.11

Jun. 15, 2011

June 14, 2012

Palawan NGO Network, Inc. (PNNI)

Advocacy

USD 45,529.05

Strengthening the Mt. Sinaka

Bantay Kalikasan (BK) Council and
Establishing BK in the KabiKu
Enhancing Community Participation
in the Gingoog City Watershed
Management Plan and Process
Palawan Para- Enforces in Island
Municipalities Enforcing Forest
through Mentoring
Forum on "State of Nature Address"
of the Green Convergence of the
Safe Food Healthy Environment
and Sustainable Economy
Enhancing Bantay Kalasan's
Capacity and Facilitating Support
System in Forest Conservation and
Biodiversity Monitoring in
Mt.Balatukan and Kimangkil
Ranges
National Conference on Revitalizing
Forestry Education in the
Philippines: Promoting Climate

Kinaiyahan Foundation, Inc.

Site-based

Luzon
Palawan
Mindanao
Cotabato

May 1, 2011
Apr. 30, 2012
Jul 15, 2011
Jul 14, 2012

PARFUND

Site-based

USD 1,821.16

Jul. 14, 2011

Aug 13, 2011

Palawan NGO Network, Inc. (PNNI)

Site-based

Mindanao
Misamis
Oriental
Luzon
Palawan

USD 2,276.45

Jul. 1, 2011
Sept. 30, 2011

Clean Air

Advocacy

National

USD 2,276.45

Landcare Foundation of the Philippines

Advocacy

Mindanao

USD 2,276.45

Aug 1, 2011
Oct 30, 2011

Philippine Forestry Education Network

Inc. (PFEN)

Advocacy

National

USD 2,276.45

Aug 2, 2011
Sept 2, 2011

USD 45,492.62

Duration

Title
Change Adaptation, Biodiversity
Conservation and Sustainable
Forest Ecosystem Management
16th National Environmental
Congress
Sustaining the Mangrove
Rehabilitation Initiatives and
Livelihood Enhancement in
(SMILE)- Sibuguey Bay Project
(Phase 2)
Mangrove Nursery Proposed
Project Development of Butuan
Global Forum, Inc. (BGFm)
Indigenous Tree Seedling Nursery
First International Symposium of the
Native Plants Conservation Society
(PNPCSI): Philippine Treasures and
the Legacy of Leonard Co
National Greening Program

Implementation Partner/s

Strategy

Scope

Amount

Duration

Nov. 8 10,
2011

FPEC

Advocacy

National

USD 2,276.45

XAES

Advocacy

Mindanao

USD 45,497.18

Kingfishers Association Butuan Global

Forum, inc. (BGFm)

Site-based

Mindanao
Butuan

USD 2,230.92

Oct. 3, 2011
Dec 30, 2011

Philippine Native Plants Conservation

Society

Advocacy

National

USD 2,276.45

Oct. 1, 2011
Nov. 30, 2011

Environmental Legal Assistance Center,

Inc.
Ms. Metchie Gay Arnaiz

Advocacy

National

USD 1,821.16

Research

National

USD 2,276.45

Nov. 2, 2011
Nov. 11, 2011
Dec. 12, 2011
Mar. 30, 2012

Palawan NGO Network, Inc. (PNNI)

Advocacy

USD 2,276.45

Policy Forum on Co-Management in

the Philippines

Philippine Forestry Education Network,

Inc. (PFEN)

Advocacy

Training Workshops on Synthetic

Aperture Radar Image Processing
for Forest Cover Classification and
Change Detection in Support of
REDD+ MRV Development
Patag Gabas Guadalupe Farmer's
Association

Fauna & Flora International Philippines

Advocacy

Luzon
Palawan
Luzon
UP Los
Banos
Luzon
UP Dilliman

Development of Indigenous Trees

Species Nursery of the Patag Gabas
Guadalupe Farmer's Association
Promoting Rainforestation Through the
RFRI Network
Linao-Cawayan Sub Watershed
Management Project (LICASWAMP)

Site-based

Visayas
Leyte

2012

Advocacy

Nationwide

2012

Environmental
Defence

Luzon
Mindoro

2012

An annotated checklist, comparative

study and compilation of references
about native forest trees and exotic
trees used for reforestation in the
Philippines.
A Mountain for the Community

Non Timber Forest Products

Exchange Program (NTFP-EP)
Municipal Government Of San
Teodoro, Oriental Mindoro,
Province of Oriental Mindoro

Dec. 15, 2011

Nov. 15, 2012
2012

2012

Title

Implementation Partner/s

Strategy

Scope

Amount

Duration

Philippine Agrarian Reform

Foundation for National
Development (PARFUND)
A Self - Propagating Greening
Program through the Establishment
of a Gawad Kalinga Community
Nursery
Philippine Native Tree Seedlings
Nursery Establishment at the Farm
Business School of Jala-Jala
Merging Socio-Economic
Development and Bio- diversity
Conservation in Mt. Palali through
Community-Based Management
Approach (Year3)
Coalition Of Fisherfolk Association
for the Restoration of Sibuguey
Bay's Over Exploited mangroves
and Natural Resources in Siay,
Naga and Kabasalan (CARBON SINK Year 2)
Expansion of the Rehabilitation of
Arayat Watershed for the Protection
of Candaba Wetlands (The Treeprenuer project Phase 2)
Palawan Mangroves Rescue

A Rehabilitation and Protection

Program for Watershed and Coastal
Resources of Gingoog City
Gawad Kalinga Community
Development Foundation, Inc.

Advocacy

Mindanao
Misamis

2012

Site-based

Luzon
Nueva
Vizcaya

2012

Meralco Foundation, Inc. Foundation,

Inc.

Site-based

Luzon
Rizal

2012

Friends of the Environment for

Development and Sustainability, Inc.
(FRENDS)

Site-based

Luzon
Nueva
Vizcaya

2012

Kapunungan sa Gagmay'ng ng
Mangingisda sa Concepcion (KGMC)

Site-based

Mindanao
Zamboanga

2012

Society for the Conservation on

Philippine Wetlands, Inc.

Site-based

Luzon
Pampanga

2012

Palawan NGO Network, Inc.

Site-based

2012

Harvesting Eco-wisdom @
KAPWA3
Research Education and Outreach
for the IUCN "Critically Endangered"
Philippine Eagle in Dinapigue and
Disalag, Northern Sierra Madre

Fauna & Flora International Philippines

Advocacy

Philippine Eagle

Research

Luzon
Palawan
Luzon
Baguio
Luzon
Dinapigue,
Isabela
Province
and Dilasag,
Quirino
Province

Facilitation and Assistance to CSO

partners on the DENR-PTFCF-FPE
NGP Partnership Agreement
Implementation 2012 in Region 5
Facilitation and Assistance to CSO
partners on the DENR-PTFCF-FPE

Philippine Federation for Environmental

Concern (PFEC)

Site-based

Luzon
Region 5

2012

Philippine Federation for Environmental

Concern (PFEC)

Site-based

Luzon
Region 10

2012

2012
2012

Title
NGP Partnership Agreement
Implementation 2012 in Region 10
Green Convergence Forum on
"State of Nature Assessment:Voices
from the Grassroots"
Plant Towards Rainforest and Ecoenterprise in Sierra Madre (Plant
Trees) Year 2
Sustaining Local Capacity
Enhancement for Resource
Management and Development in
the Allah Valley Forest Reserve
(Year 2 and Year 3)
Facilitation and Assistance to CSO
Partners on DENR-PTFCF-FPE
NGP Partnership Agreement
Implementation 2012 in Region 6,
Western Visayas
English Subtitling of the Knowledge
Channel's "Puno ng Buhay"
(Season 1) Environmental
Education Program
Watershed Restoration for
Sustainable Water Supply
10th multi-Sectoral Forum on
Sustainable Watershed
Management
Critical Habitat Management on
Dumaran Island, Palawan
Visayas Regional Women's Forum/
Workshop on Natural Resources
and Mining
World Wide Views on Biodiversity
13th International Seminar and
Workshop on Tropical Ecology
Towards a Peoples' Empowerment
Fund: A Research Project
Luzon Regional Womens
Forum/Workshop on Natural
Resources and Mining
Forest Conservation Through
Traditional System of Forest

Implementation Partner/s

Strategy

Green Convergence for Safe Food,

Healthy Environment and Sustainable
Economy
Mabuwaya Foundation, Inc.

Site-based

Tribal Leaders Development

Foundation,Inc. (TLDFI)

Scope

Amount

Duration

Luzon
Miriam
Collage
Luzon

2012

Advocacy

Visayas
Leyte

2012

Broad Initiatives for Negros

Development (BIND)

Site-based

Visayas
Negros

2012

Knowledge Channel Foundation, Inc.

Advocacy

National

2012

Sustainable Environment for Rural

Development Association Inc
UPLB Foundation, Inc.

Site-based

2012

Katala Foundation Incorporated

Site-based

Rural Development Institute-Leyte

Advocacy

Luzon
Quirino
Luzon
UP Los
Banos
Luzon
Palawan
Visayas
Leyte

World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF

Philippines)
ViSCA Foundation for Agricultural And
Rural Development (ViFARD)
Pambansang Kilusan ng mga
Samahang Magsasaka (PAKISAMA)
HARIBON Foundation

Advocacy

Luzon
Makati
Visayas
Leyte
National

2012

Advocacy

Luzon
Quezon City

2012

Congregation of the Augustinian

Missionaries of the Philippines and

Site-based

Luzon
Palawan

2012

Advocacy

Advocacy

Advocacy
Advocacy

2012

2012

2012
2012

2012
2012

Title

Implementation Partner/s

Management of the Pala'oan, in

Aribungos,Brooke's Pt.Palawan
Miarayon Lapok Lirongan Talaandig
Tribal Association, Inc.
(MILALITTRA)
Facilitation Assistance to CSO
Partners on DENR-PTFCF-FPE
NGP Partnership Agreement
Implementation 2012 in Province of
Palawan
Workshop-Consultation on
Biodiversity and Forest
Conservation for Social Resilience
in the Sierra Madre Corridor
Integrating Biodiversity Research
Education, Public Engagement and
Conservation
Forest Enrichment Project in
Northern Palawan
Conservation Awareness Data
Survey (CADS)
Nuestra Paragua con la Gente
(Preparations for PO Governance
over Community Conservation
Areas
Support for seedling sorting,
hardening-off and hauling
Community based biodiversity
protection and management
towards increase productivity and
Income
Establishment and Maintenance of
Native Forest Tree Nursery and
Rainforest Demonstration Area in
PFEN member SCU's Using
Rainforest Technology
Revisiting Threats in Mt.
Mantalingahan Protected
Landscape

Organization of Indigenous Peoples for

Action in Palawan
Establishment of Nursery at Miarayon,
Talakag, Bukidnon

Strategy

Scope

Amount

Duration

Site-based

Mindanao
Bukidnon

2012

Palawan NGO Network, Inc.

Site-based

Luzon
Palawan

2012

Community Forestry FoundationQuirino, Incorporated

Advocacy

Luzon
Region 2

2012

Foundation for Integrative and

Development Studies

Advocacy

Luzon
UP Dilliman

2012

Nagkakaisang Mga Tribu ng Palawan,

Inc.
Sibuyan Island Sentinels League for
Environment Inc. (Sibuyan ISLE)
Palawan NGO Network, Inc.

Site-based

Luzon
Palawan
Visayas
Romblon
Luzon
Palawan

2012

Patag Gabas Guadalupe Farmer's

Association (PAGGFA)
Tordesillas, Igpanulong, Luna Upland
Farmers Association (TILUFA Inc.,)

Site-based

Visayas
Leyta
Visayas
Antique

2012

Philippine Forestry Education Network,

Inc. (PFEN)

Advocacy

National

1,996,700
(requested)

January 30, 2013January 30,2014

Institute for Development of Educational

and Ecological Alternatives, Inc.
(IDEAS)

Advocacy

South of
Palawan Quezon,Rizal,
S.Espa
nola,Brooke's
Point
and Bataraza

100,000 (requested)

Feb.11,2013, May
11,2013

Advocacy
Site-based

Site-based

2012
2012

2012

Title

Implementation Partner/s

Strategy

Scope

Amount

Duration

Coastal Forest Reforestation and

Protection of Mangrove BioDiversity

MuCAARD-CoSEED, Inc

Advocacy

Barangay
Balabawan,
Liasan
and BalongBalong,
Pitogo,
Zamboanga
del Sur

1,495,900
(requested)

March
31,2013,Feb.28,
2014

Native Plants Conservation and

Montane Forest Protection in Mount
Tapulao

Philippine Native Plant Conservation

Society

Advocacy

Mount
Tapulao and
Dampay
Resettlement
Area,
Brgy. Salaza,
Palauig
Zambales

375,800
(requested)

March 8, 2013 November 30,

2013

Revegetation of Degraded
Ultramafic Areas in Northern
Zambales, Philippines using
Indigenous Metallopytes

Dr. Marilyn O. Quimado

Site-based

Sitio
Marangloy,
Brgy.Taltal,Ma
sinloc,
Zambales

953,000 (requested)

March 12,2013,
March 11,2014

Environmental Defense Program

(Year 3)

Alternative Law Groups,Inc.

Environmental
Defence

National

2,000,000
(requested)

March 25,2013March 24,2014

Advancing Forestry Education For

Biodiversity Conservation and
Green Philippines
Legal Resource Build-up for
Environmental Protection Through
Summer Internship Program
Legal Resource Build-up for
Environmental Protection Through
Summer Internship Program
Legal Resource Build-up for
Environmental Protection Through
Summer Internship Program
Legal Resource Build-up for
Environmental Protection Through
Summer Internship Program
Legal Resource Build-up for
Environmental Protection Through

Philippine Forestry Education Network,

Inc. (PFEN)

Advocacy

National

2013

Kaisahan Tungo sa Kaunlaran ng

Kanayunan at Repormang Pansakahan,
Inc
Tanggol Kalikasan

Environmental
Defence

National

2013

Environmental
Defence

National

2013

Environmental Legal Assistance Center,

Inc.

Environmental
Defence

National

2013

Saligan-Bicol

Environmental
Defence

National

2013

Ateneo Human Rights Center

Environmental
Defence

National

2013

Title

Implementation Partner/s

Strategy

Scope

Amount

Duration

Summer Internship Program

Using Science-based evidence to
Prosecute the Pangolin Poachers
Support for seedling sorting,
hardening-offand hauling
Enhancing Ecosystem Services of
Maulawin Spring Protected
Landscape
Saving Mt. Purgatory
Reassessment of 59,000 hectares
CBMFA Area and updating of
Community Resources
Management Plans (CRMPs)
Puno ng Buhay (Season 2)
State of Nature Assessment
(SONA) on theme of "Water"
Incentivizing Community
Conservation of Mangrove Forests
in Busuanga
Stakeholders Consultation, Survey
and Mapping of Silway River
Headwater Areas for Reforestation
and Conservation
PTFCF Plant Science Scholarship
Program Support for Practicum
Work of UPLB-CFNR
Undergraduate Students (Pilot)
San Teodoro Ridge, River and Reef
Institute, Inc. (ST3RIIInc.)
Plant Science Conservation
Program
Mangrove Reforestation
The Fifth National Report to the
Convention on Biological Diversity
Facilitation and Assistance to CSO
Partners on DENR-PTFCF-FPE
NGP Partnership Agreement
Implementation 2014 in the
Province of Camarines Sur

Dr. Perry S. Ong

Environmental
Defence
Advocacy

National

2013

National

2013

Site-based

Luzon
Quezon

2013

Jaime V. Ongpin Foundation, Inc.

(JVOFI)
SAMILLIA Federation of Peoples'
Forest Development Cooperative, Inc.

Advocacy

Luzon
Benguet

2013

Knowledge Channel Foundation, Inc.

Advocacy

National

2013

Green Convergence

Advocacy

National

2013

C3-Philippines, Inc

Site-based

Luzon
Palawan

2013

Mahintana Foundation, Inc.

Research

Mindanao

2013

UPLB College of Forestry and Natural

resources Alumnai Assoc., Inc.

Advocacy

Luzon
UP Los
Banos

2013

Linao-Cawayan Sub-watershed
Management Project (LICASWAMP)
Phase II
Shane Bimeda

Site-based

Luzon
Mindoro

2013

Research

National

2013

Brgy. Masao Fisherfolk Association

Site-based

Mindanao

2013

Ateneo School of Government

Advocacy

National

2013

Alliance of Young Professionals for

Social and Environmental Development,
Inc.

Site-based

Luzon
Camarines
Sur

2013

Patag Gabas Guadalupe Farmer's

Association (PAGGFA)
International Institute of Rural
Reconstrunction

Site-Based

2013

Title
Sustaining Local Capacity
Enhancement for the Resource
Management and Development in
the Allah Valley Forest Reserve
Traditional Systems of Forest
Management of the Palaoan in
Aribungos, Brookes Point,
Palawan- Year 2
Sustaining Forest Conservation and
Rehabilitation Initiatives in Mt.
Daguma Range
Dynamics of Benguet Pine (Pinus
kesiya Royle ex Gordon) and
Broadleaved Forests Conversion
into Highland Vegetable Ecosystem
in Bakun, Benguet, Philippines
Nursery rehabilitation
Nursery rehabilitation
Nursery rehabilitation
Mangrove Forest Rahabilitation in
Brgy. Concepcion, Busuanga
project
Mangrove Forest Rahabilitation in
Brgy. Bogtong, Busuanga project
Mangrove Forest Rahabilitation in
Brgy. Sagrada, Busuanga project
Mangrove Forest Rehabilitation in
Brgy. Pedada, Ajuy Project
Coalition of Fisherfolk Association
for the Restoration of Sibuguey
Bay's Over-exploited Mangroves
and Natural Resources in
Siay,Naga, Alicia and Kabasalan
(CARBON-SINK)- Year3
Ilin and Ambulong Forest
Conservation Project
Diversity of Figs and Fig wasps in
selected sites in Luzon, Philippines

Implementation Partner/s

Strategy

Scope

Amount

Duration

Tribal Leaders Development

Foundation, Inc.

Site-based

Mindanao
Cotabato

2013

Congregation of the Augustinian

Missionaries of the Philippines, Inc.
(CAMP) (and Organization of
Indigenous Peoples for Action in
Palawan, Inc. (OIPAP)
Tri-People Concern for Peace, Progress
and Development of Mindanao, Inc.

Site-based

Luzon
Palawan

2013

Site-based

2013

Mr.Domelson F. Balangen

Research

Mindanao
Maguindana
o
Luzon
Benguet

Patag Gabas Guadalupe Farmer's

Association (PAGGFA)
Cienda-San Vicente Farmers
Association (CSVFA)
Patag Raiforest Association

Site-based

2013

Concepcion Fisherfolks Association

Site-based

Mindanao
CDO
Mindanao
CDO
Mindanao
CDO
Mindanao

Brgy. Bogtong Fisherfolk Association

Site-based

Mindanao

2013

Brgy. Sagrada Farmers Association

Site-based

Mindanao

2013

Brgy. Pedada Fisherfolks Association

Site-based

Mindanao

2013

Kapunungan sa Gagmayng'ng
Mangingisda sa Concepcion (KGMC)

Advocacy

Mindanao
Zamboanga

2013

Mindoro Biodiversity Conservation

Foundation, Ic.
Lillian Jennifer V. Rodriguez

Site-based

Luzon
Mindoro
Luzon

2013

Site-based
Site-based

Research

2013

2013
2013
2013

2013

Title

Implementation Partner/s

Strategy

Scope

Amount

Duration

PTFCF Plant Science Scholarship

Program: Thesis Support for UPLBCFNR Undergraduate Students
(Pilot)
HARIBON FOUNDATION

UPLB College of Forestry and Natural

resources Alumnai Assoc., Inc.

Advocacy

Luzon
UP Los
Banos

2013

Governance & Local Development

for Endangered Forests (Golden
Forests)

European Commission

Advocacy, Sitebased/ Research

Luzon,
Visayas,
Mindanao

2005-2010

Golden Landscapes and Seascapes

ONGD CIVES MUNDI

Advocacy, Sitebased/ Research

2007-2009

Rainforestation Projects in Sitio

Palbong in Brgy. Batong-buhay,
Brgy. Ligaya and Brgy. Burgos,
Sablayan, Occidental Mindoro

BirdLife International Asia Division

Advocacy, Sitebased/ Research

Luzon,
Visayas,
Mindanao
Luzon

Preventing Extinction Initiative

Mindoro Bleeding-heart Species
Guardian Project

BirdLife International

Advocacy, Sitebased/ Research

Luzon

2007-2009

Strengthening Conservation of
Mindoro Bleeding-Heart
(Gallicolumba Platenae) at Siburan
Forest, Barangays Batongbuhay
and Malisbong, Sablayan,
Occidental Mindoro

Jensen Foundation

Advocacy, Sitebased/ Research

Luzon

2008-2009

Enhancing Capabilities of Local

Stakeholders to Conserve the
Mindoro Bleeding Heart
(Gallicolumba platenae)

Keidanren Nature Conservation Fund

Advocacy, Sitebased/ Research

Luzon

2008-2010

Asia CoRe Forests Project

BirdLife International Asia Division

Building on Success: turning policy

advantages into conservation gains
for internationally important
conservation areas across the
BirdLife Partnership

BirdLife International

F/S study for REDD forest

BirdLife International Asia Division

2008-2009

2009-2010
Advocacy

National

2009-2011

2009-2010

Title

Implementation Partner/s

Strategy

Scope

Amount

Duration

conservation project
Disney Friends for Change: forest
conservation in the Philippines

BirdLife International

National

2009-2010

Reprinting of a Policy Paper on

Restoring Philippine Rain Forests

Philippine Tropical Forest Conservation

Foundation (PTFCF)

National

2009

Establishment of Nursery on Native

Tree Species at the Caliraya
Watershed

Coca-Cola Foundation

Advocacy, Sitebased/ Research

Luzon

2009-2011

Drafting of CSO version of the

Sustainable Forest Management Bill
Preventing Extinctions Programme:
Cebu Flowerpecker

Philippine Tropical Forest Conservation

Foundation (PTFCF)
BirdLife International

Advocacy

National

2010

Advocacy, Sitebased/ Research

Visayas

2009-2012

Expanding and Diversifying the

National System of Protected Areas
in the Philippines (EDNSTPAP) M
angatarem

PAWB DENR

Advocacy, Sitebased/ Research

Luzon

2010

Expanding and Diversifying the

National System of Protected Areas
in the Philippines (EDNSTPAP)
Gen. Nakar
Forest and Climate Protection
Project Panay

PAWB DENR

Advocacy, Sitebased/ Research

Luzon

2010

GTZ

Advocacy, Sitebased/ Research

Visayas

2010-2013

Expanding and Diversifying the

National System of Protected Areas
in the Philippines
Forestory Project

UNDP GEF

Advocacy, Sitebased/ Research

Luzon

2011

BirdLife International

Luzon

2010-2013

Forestory Project - Toyota

BirdLife International Toyota

Foundation
Foundation for the Philippine
Environment

Advocacy, Sitebased/ Research

Advocacy, Sitebased/ Research
Site-based/
Research

Luzon

2011

Luzon

2011

Advocacy, Sitebased/ Research

Advocacy, Sitebased/ Research

Luzon

2011-20213

Luzon

2011

Resource and Socio-Economic

Assessment of the Boso-Boso and
Tayabasan Sub-watershed
Preventing Extinctions Programme
Philippine Eagle
Coral reef survey in Polillo Island

BirdLife International - Swedish

Ornithological Society
Mohammed Bin Zayed

Title

Implementation Partner/s

Strategy

Scope

Ocean Park Conservation Foundation

Amount

Duration
6 months

Assessing the financial costs of

effectively conserving Important
Bird Areas in the Philippines (IBA)
Chinese Crested Tern

Birdlife International

Research

National

2011-2012

Birdlife International

National

2012

Conserving the Endangered corals

of Plillo Island, Philippines (EDGE
CORAL)
Developing Eco-Leaders for
Sustainable Communities (FedEx 2)
Partnerships for Biodiversity
Conservation: Mainstreaming in
Local Agricultural Landscapes/
Biodiversity Partnership Project
(BPP)
Pathways for Indigenous
Knowledge Engagement on Marine
Biodiversity Conservation (PEER)
Responding to Fish Extirpations in
the Global Marine Biodiversity
Epicentre (DARWIN PROJECT)
State of Philippine Birds

ZSL Edge Conservation Fellows

Research/
Advocacy
Advocacy, Sitebased/ Research

Luzon

2011-2013

United Way Worldwide (UWW)

Advocacy

Luzon

2012

PAWB

Advocacy, Sitebased/ Research

Luzon

2012-2013

The National Acadamies of Science

Research

Environment Food & Rural Affairs

(DEFRA)

Site-based/
Research

Birdlife International

Site-based/
Research

Strengthening the Marine Protected

Areas Conserving Key Marine
Biodiversity Areas Project
Community-Based Forest
Restoration and Sustainable
Livelihood Project in Mangatarem,
Pangasinan (KeidanrenMangatarem-2)
National Greening Program
Region 1 Mangatarem, Pangasinan
Mainstreaming Gender in Integrated
Costal Management

UNDP

Site-based/
Research

Keidanren Nature Conservation Fund

Advocacy, Sitebased/ Research

Luzon

2012-2014

DENR Region

Advocacy, Sitebased/ Research

Advocacy, Sitebased/ Research

Luzon

2013

Luzon

2013-2014

PACAP

2012-2015

Luzon,
Visayas,
Mindanao
Luzon,
Visayas,
Mindanao

2012-2013

2012

2013

Title

Implementation Partner/s

Strategy

Scope

Amount

Duration

TANGGOL KALIKASAN
Strengthening Capacity towards
ecosystems--based management
of critical ecosystems in Luzon,
Philippines

IUCN-EA, TVPL PAMB, DENR

LGUs of TVPL, LLDA, LGU of Buhi
LGU of San Pablo City

Site-based
capacity-building

Revision of the Management Plan

for MBSCPL
Capacity-building for PAMB
members of Maulawain Spring
Protected Landscape
Reducing threats to Philippine
Biodiversity and Ecosystems thru
Environmental Law Enforcement
Capacity Strengthening

FPE, DENR IV-A

Site-based

PAMB

Site-based
capacity-building

Maulawin

Site-based

National
(various
sites)

USAID, ELAC, Fr. Saturnino Urios

University Policy Center, Various
universities and college as institutes of
Environmental Governance, DENR, DABFAR, PNP/Coast, Guard/Phil,
Navy/Phil, Army/Local law
ENERGY DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION

Taal
Volcano
Protected
Landscape,
Luzon
MBSCPL

Biodiversity Conservation and

Monitoring Program
Almaciga Study at Kanlaon
Two Hectare Permanent Forest
Dynamic Plots (PFDP) in the five
EDC Geothermal Project sites
Forest Restoration Study in the five
geothermal sites
Forest Succession in Disturbed
Areas
Biodiversity Monitoring SystemBMS
Flagship species
Faunal Assemblages in
Reforestation Areas
Impact assessment of selected
streams using benthic
macroinvertebrates in 5 EDC
geothermal project sites
Stream monitoring of all geothermal
projects

6,561,437

2011-2014

1,500,000
(combined)

2012-2013
2013

20,500,000

Dec 2011Feb 2014

Php 24,022,368.62
(2011-2013 only)

2008-present
Oct 2008 Apr
2011
2009-present

University of the Philippines Diliman

Institute of Biology; Central Mindanao
University; Department of Environment
and Natural Resources

National Albay and Sorsogon

(Bacon-Manito Geothermal
Reservation); Negros Occidental
(Mt. Kanlaon); Negros Oriental
(Palinpinon Geothermal
Reservation); Leyte (Tongonan
Geothermal Reservation); North
Cotabato (Mt Apo Geothermal
Reservation)

2012-2014
March 2011March 2014
2009- present
2012-present
2012-2014
2008-2011

2012-present

REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES

The Fifth National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity
2014