Cesmm Rev 9

This electronic file is for reference only.
When the
content of this electronic file is inconsistent with the hard
copy of the SMM and the Corrigenda issued, the hard
copy of the SMM and the Corrigenda shall prevail.
THE GOVERNMENT OF THE

HONG KONG SPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVE REGION
STANDARD METHOD OF MEASUREMENT
FOR
CIVIL ENGINEERING WORKS
1992 EDITION
(This Version is Continuously Updated to include Corrigenda issued)

This Electronic File has incorporated the following Corrigenda:-
Rev Issue Date Corrigendum Incorporated

First Issue April 1992
1 February 1993 Corrigendum No. 1/93
2 February 1994 Corrigendum No. 1/94
3 August 1997 Corrigendum No. 1/97
4 July1999 Corrigendum No. 1/99
5 November 1999 Corrigendum No. 2/99
6 March 2000 Corrigendum No. 1/2000
7 July 2001 Corrigendum No. 2/2001
8 December 2001 Corrigendum No. 3/2001
9 July 2007 Corrigendum No. 1/2007
2
© The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
The publication “Standard Method of Measurement for Civil Engineering Works, 1992
Edition” is available from :
Publications Sales Unit

Information Services Department
Room 402, 4/F Floor, Murray Building
Garden Road, Central
Hong Kong
and can be ordered both locally and overseas through the following channels:
• Visit the online Government Bookstore at www.bookstore.gov.hk
• Download the order form from the Information Services Department website at
www.isd.gov.hk and submit the order direct online or by fax to the Information Services
Department
• By e-mail at puborder@isd.gov.hk
3
FOREWORD
This Method of Measurement lays down the method and criteria for the
measurement of civil engineering works undertaken for the Hong Kong Government. It
supersedes "Government of Hong Kong, Standard Method of Measurement, 1988
Edition".
The Method of Measurement is to be cited as "Standard Method of Measurement

for Civil Engineering Works, 1992 Edition (Hong Kong Government)". It is compatible
with the "General Conditions of Contract for Civil Engineering Works, 1990 Edition
(Hong Kong Government)" and "General Specification for Civil Engineering Works,
1992 Edition (Hong Kong Government)". Where necessary, it should be supplemented
by a Particular Preamble.
The Method of Measurement revises and updates the 1988 edition, mainly to take
account of changes that became necessary due to the publication of the 1992 edition of
the General Specification. The overall co-ordination for the document, and its final
editing and production, were the responsibility of the Standards Unit of the Civil
Engineering Department.
April 1992
4
CONTENTS
PAGE
PART I : DEFINITIONS 5
PART II : GENERAL PRINCIPLES 6
PART III : RULES FOR PREPARING BILLS OF QUANTITIES 7
PART IV : PREAMBLES TO THE BILLS OF QUANTITIES 9
PART V : UNITS AND METHOD OF MEASUREMENT 13
Section 1 Preliminaries 15
Section 2 Ground Investigation 25
Section 3 Site Clearance 33
Section 4 Fencing 37
Section 5 Drainage and Ducts 41
Section 6 Pipework 57
Section 7 Earthworks 67
Section 8 Roads and Pavings 79
Section 9 Piling Works 93
Section 10 Formwork 107
Section 11 Steel Reinforcement 111
Section 12 Concrete 113
Section 13 In-situ Post-tensioned Prestressing 117
Section 14 Steelwork 119
Section 15 Waterproofing 125
Section 16 Bearings and Movement Joints 127
Section 17 Marine Works 131
Section 18 Tunnelling 139
Section 19 Geotechnical Works 151
Section 20 Railway Works 167
Section 21 Solid Waste Disposal 173
Section 22 Brickwork and Masonry 181
Section 23 Finishings 185
Section 24 Landscape Softworks and Establishment Works 187
Section 25 Testing 191
Section 26 Miscellaneous 199
Section 27 Daywork 205
5
PART I
DEFINITIONS
1. In this document entitled "Standard Method of Measurement for Civil Engineering Works", 1992 Edition
(The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region), (hereinafter referred to as the
"Method of Measurement"), the following words and expressions shall have the meanings hereby
respectively assigned to them :
(a) "Bills of Quantities" means a list of items giving brief identifying descriptions and estimated
quantities of the works to be performed;
(b) "daywork" means the work ordered under a variation order and to be paid in accordance with
Clause 62 of the General Conditions of Contract for Civil Engineering Works (1999 Edition);
(c) "provisional item" means an item describing work, the requirement for which is uncertain at the
time the tender documents are issued and which can only be carried out on instruction of the
Engineer;
(d) "preliminary item" means an item in respect of works and/or general obligations and risks
antecedent to or involved in the execution of the Contract and which is set out either in a
"Preliminaries" section of the Bills of Quantities and relating to the Works as a whole or under a
"Special Preliminaries" sub-heading in any other section of the Bills of Quantities;
(e) "existing ground surface" means the surface of the ground before any work under the Contract has
been carried out;
(f) "artificial hard material" means brickwork, concrete, reinforced concrete, masonry, bituminous
paving and any other artificial material of a similar nature and which necessitates the use of
pneumatic tools or other similar methods for its removal;
(g) For and only for the purposes of section 2 (Ground Investigation) of the Method of Measurement,
“rock” means naturally occurring material of Grade I to III as classified in Tables 2 and 4 of “Guide
to Rock and Soil Descriptions – Geoguide 3”. For sections other than section 2 (Ground
Investigation) of the Method of Measurement, "rock" means naturally occurring hard material
whose geological classification is Grade I to III and which necessitates the use of blasting or
pneumatic tools or other similar quarrying methods for its removal;
(h) "soft spot" is a volume of earthwork material which is not stated in the Contract to be excavated but
which in the opinion of the Engineer has inadequate strength, durability or stability.
Corrigendum No. 1/2007
2. Words and expressions to which meanings are assigned in the Conditions of Contract have the same
meanings in the Method of Measurement.
3. Words and expressions to which meanings are assigned in the Specification and Drawings referred to in the
Conditions of Contract have the same meanings in the Method of Measurement.
6
PART II
GENERAL PRINCIPLES
1. Not used.
2. Not used.
3. Each item description used in the Bills of Quantities is to be consistent with and be compounded from one
or more of the descriptive features listed in the itemisation groups in the various sections of Part V, as
many of these groups or features being used as may be necessary to identify the work required, but not
more than one feature from any one group may be represented in any one item description.
4. Unless expressly stated otherwise in the Contract, the Bills of Quantities are to contain all those items
compounded in accordance with the foregoing paragraph 3 required to comprise the Works (apart from
Provisional Sums and Prime Cost Items which may be required).
7
PART III
RULES FOR PREPARING BILLS OF QUANTITIES
General 1. The Bills of Quantities shall comprise the following :
- General and Particular Preambles

- Bill Number 1 : Preliminaries
Bill Number 2 :
:
:
- Bill Number :
- Bill Number : Daywork
- Bill Number : Provisional and Prime Cost Sums
- Grand Summary
Units of 2. The following unit abbreviations shall be used :

measurement
Unit Abbreviation
Millimetre mm
Metre m
Square millimetre mm2
Square metre m2
Hectare ha
Cubic metre m3
Kilogram kg
Tonne t
Number nr
Hour h
Week wk
Month mth
Quantities 3. The quantities shall be computed net from the Drawings, unless otherwise stated
in the Contract, and no allowance shall be made for bulking, shrinkage or waste.
If it is intended that an item of work is to be paid as a lump sum, “item” shall be

used as the unit of measurement for such an item of work. The symbol “-” shall
be inserted against the rate and quantity columns in the bills for items of work for
which the unit of measurement is “item”. Notwithstanding the above, the
amount inserted by the tenderer in the bill for an item of work for which the unit
of measurement is “item” shall be deemed to be the rate inserted against such
item of work in the bills within the Bills of Quantities.
Materials supplied 4. Not used.

to the Contractor
8
Marine work and 5. Not used.

work affected by
non-tidal open
water or tidal
water
Plant used on 6. Separate items should be provided for Provisional Sums and percentage
daywork adjustment thereto for different categories of plant used on daywork in
accordance with the relevant sections of the "HKCA Schedules For Plant Used in
Dayworks Carried Out Incidental to Contract Work".
Prime Cost Sums 7. Where Prime Cost Sums are included in the Bills of Quantities for the execution
of work to be carried out by a Nominated Sub-contractor, separate items are to
be provided for :
(i) General Attendance provided by the Contractor in connection therewith

in the form of a lump sum;
(ii) Special Attendance provided by the Contractor (if required) in the form of
a lump sum;
(iii) the Contractor's profit and overheads in the form of a percentage.
Where Prime Cost Sums are included in the Bills of Quantities for materials or
goods to be supplied by a Nominated Sub-contractor, a separate item shall be
provided for the Contractor's profit and overheads on the Prime Cost Sum, in the
form of a percentage.
Contingency Sum 8. A Contingency Sum, if required, shall be given in the Grand Summary following
the total of the amounts brought forward from the summary of each section of
the Bills of Quantities.
Adjustment Item 9. An item described as the Adjustment Item shall be given in the Grand Summary
following the total of the amounts brought forward from the summaries and the
Contingency Sum.
Amendments to 10. Any methods of measurement which are not in accordance with or included in
the Method of the Method of Measurement shall be stated in a Particular Preamble to the Bills
Measurement of Quantities.
Sketches 11. Where necessary, the Method of Measurement should be amplified by sketches
which shall form part of the Particular Preambles.
Preambles to the 12. The General Preambles on the following pages shall be reproduced in the Bills of
Bills of Quantities Quantities followed by any Particular Preambles.
9
PART IV
PREAMBLES TO THE BILLS OF QUANTITIES
GENERAL PREAMBLES
Method of 1. These Bills of Quantities have been prepared in accordance with the
Measurement procedures set forth in the Standard Method of Measurement for Civil
Engineering Works, 1992 Edition (The Government of the Hong Kong
Special Administrative Region), hereinafter referred to as the "Method of
Measurement".
General directions 2. Items shown in the bills of the Bills of Quantities are items of work. In
these Bills of Quantities and Method of Measurement, the headings,
sub-headings, item descriptions and the matters listed against the relevant
marginal headings “Item coverage” in Part V of the Method of Measurement
and the Particular Preambles identify the work covered by the respective
items, but such descriptions or identifications may not be exhaustive. The
exact nature and extent of an item of work must be ascertained by reference to
the Drawings, Specification and Conditions of Contract, as not all
requirements may be stated in the item description or its item coverage.
Furthermore, whilst the item description and item coverage may make
specific reference to certain Drawings and/or Specification, the item of work
described is deemed to include for all requirements shown on all Drawings
and/or Specification pertaining to that item of work irrespective of whether or
not the Drawing and/or Specification is stated in the item description or item
coverage. The item description of an item of work shall be deemed to
include an item coverage for the carrying out of all work and services
necessary or desirable for the satisfactory completion of such item of work in
accordance with the Contract.
The rate inserted against an item of work in the bills within the Bills of
Quantities shall be deemed to be the full inclusive value of executing,
completing, maintaining and/or supplying such item of work including any
incidental work thereto, unless expressly stated otherwise elsewhere in the
Bills of Quantities. The expression “incidental work” includes, but is not
limited to, the carrying out of all work and services and complying with all
obligations which are specified or reasonably implied in the Contract and
which are related to, arise out of or are connected with the item of work as
described in its headings, sub-headings, item description and item coverage.
The rates inserted against the items of work in the bills within the Bills of
Quantities shall include, but are not limited to, the following:
(i) provision of labour and costs in connection therewith;

(ii) provision of plant and costs in connection therewith;
(iii) the supply, transportation, handling and storage of materials and
goods;
(iv) multiple handling of any kind;
(v) sampling and testing and costs in connection therewith;
(vi) assembling, fixing, erecting, installing or placing of materials and
goods in position;
(vii) preparation of surfaces and other preparatory work for follow-on
10
activities;
(viii) wastage, bulking, shrinkage and the disposal of surplus material;
(ix) temporary protection and its subsequent removal;
(x) Temporary Works, including design;
(xi) taking precautions and measures as far as is reasonable and practical to
prevent interference with or damage to existing structures and utilities,
roads, footpaths and paved areas, watercourses and drainage systems,
public and private vehicular and pedestrian accesses, trees, graves and
burial urns, including the provision of alternative access, if necessary;
(xii) keeping the Works where necessary, and as near as may be practical,
free of water and protected from damage due to water and from
weather conditions which may adversely affect the Works, and taking
measures to prevent flotation of new or existing structures;
(xiii) taking all measures required to execute the work as affected by non-
tidal open water or tidal water;
(xiv) provision of working space and upholding the sides of excavations;
(xv) carrying out trial mixes, trial runs and all other trials, demonstrations
and mock-ups;
(xvi) completion of formation and earthwork final surfaces;
(xvii) recording, taking readings, measurements and observations, and
submitting to the Engineer all drawings, details of procedures and
methods of construction to be used, technical literature, test
certificates and any other documents or information required to be
submitted under the Contract;
(xviii) in the case of materials supplied by the Employer, return of the
surplus;
(xix) in the case of plant and equipment supplied by the Employer,
protection, maintenance and repair of such plant and equipment while
it is on the Site, costs in connection with operating such plant and
equipment, and return of plant and equipment to the Employer or
replacement of such plant and equipment if it is damaged beyond
repair or lost;
(xx) notifying, making arrangements and liaising with all relevant
Government Departments, authorities or other interested parties to
obtain and maintain all licences and permits necessary for the
execution of the Works, and costs in connection therewith including
the costs of complying with the terms and conditions of the licences
and permits;
(xxi) liabilities, obligations and risks involved in the execution of the Works
set forth or reasonably implied in the Contract;
(xxii) establishment charges, overheads and profit.
Measurement 3. The measurement of work shall be computed net from the Drawings unless
stated otherwise in the Method of Measurement.
Item coverage 4. If any item coverage includes reference to work which is the subject of item
coverages elsewhere in the Method of Measurement, then the combined item
coverages shall apply.
Use of alternative 5. Where in the Contract a choice of alternative materials or designs is indicated
materials or designs for a given purpose, the description billed and rates inserted shall be deemed
to cover any of the permitted alternative materials or designs which the
Contractor may elect to use.
Unpriced items 6. Items against which no rate is entered shall be deemed to be covered by the
other rates in the Bills of Quantities.
11
General Attendance 7. General Attendance in connection with Nominated Sub-contractors shall

include for affording the use of existing work space, access, temporary roads,
erected scaffolding, working shelters, staging, ladders, hoists, storage,
latrines, messing, welfare and other facilities existing on Site and the
provision of protection, water, telephone, electricity for lighting, and clearing
away rubbish and debris arising from the work.
Special Attendance 8. Special Attendance required for the Nominated Sub-contractor shall be any
facility not covered under paragraph 7 above and shall be clearly described in
the Contract.
Work affected by 9. Not used.

non-tidal open water
or tidal water Corrigendum No. 1/2007
Adjustment Item 10. A tenderer may insert a lump sum addition or deduction which shall not
exceed 10% of the total of the Bills of Quantities before the addition or
deduction of that lump sum against the Adjustment Item given in the Grand
Summary. For the purposes of Clause 79 of the General Conditions of
Contract for Civil Engineering Works (1999 Edition), additions or deductions
on account of the amount, if any, of the Adjustment Item shall be made by
instalments in interim certificates in the proportion that the amount referred to
in Clause 79(1) (a), (b), (c), (d) and (e) of the General Conditions of Contract
for Civil Engineering Works (1999 Edition) bears to the total of the Bills of
Quantities excluding the Contingency Sum and the Adjustment Item. Such
interim additions or deductions shall be made before deduction of the
Retention Money and shall not exceed in the aggregate the amount of the
Adjustment Item. Any balance of the Adjustment Item outstanding after
interim additions or deductions shall be added to or deducted from the final
payment.
For the avoidance of doubt, the Effective Value referred to in Clause 89 of the
General Conditions of Contract for Civil Engineering Works (1999 Edition)
shall include all sums payable or deductible in respect of the Adjustment Item.
Corrigenda No. 1/99 and 1/2007
Cost of test of 11. Except for those tests provided for as separate items of work in the bills
materials and within the Bills of Quantities, the rates contained in the Contract shall be
workmanship deemed to include for the cost of carrying out all tests on materials and
workmanship specified in the Contract, including but not limited to, the cost
of packing and transport required for delivering samples to and collecting
from the place of testing.
Discrepancy between 12. Where there is discrepancy between the unit in the Method of Measurement
the units of and the unit for an item of work in the bills within the Bills of Quantities, the
measurement given unit in the bill shall prevail, unless, by reference to the quantity in the bills
in the Method of and the nature of the item of work as identified by the Specification,
Measurement and Drawings, measurement rules, item description and item coverage in the
the bills Method of Measurement, the Engineer determines otherwise.

12
PARTICULAR PREAMBLES
Amendments to the 1. For the purpose of this Contract, the Method of Measurement is amended in
Method of accordance with the following particular preambles.
Measurement
13
PART V
UNITS AND METHOD OF MEASUREMENT

14
SECTION 1
PRELIMINARIES
Note 1.01 Items whose units of measurement are time based shall not be measured :
(i) between the end of the time for completion or extended time for
completion of the Works and the date of completion of the Works as
described in the Contract;
(ii) after the expiration of the Maintenance Period where services are
required as a consequence of the default of the Contractor.
TEMPORARY ACCOMMODATION FOR THE

ENGINEER
Units 1.02 The units of measurement shall be :
(i) erection of temporary accommodation for the Engineer,

dismantling of temporary accommodation for the Engineer,
handing over temporary accommodation to the
Employer ...................................................................................item.
(ii) servicing of temporary accommodation for the

Engineer ............................................................ ....................month.
Measurement 1.03 The measurement for the servicing of temporary accommodation for the
Engineer shall commence from the date when the accommodation, equipment
and services are provided for occupation and use.
Itemisation 1.04 Separate items shall be provided for temporary accommodation for the Engineer
in accordance with General Principles paragraphs 3 and 4 and the following :
Group Feature
I 1. Erection.
2. Servicing.
3. Dismantling.
4. Handing over to the Employer.
II 1. Principal offices for the Engineer.

2. Secondary offices for the Engineer.
3. Principal laboratory for the Engineer.
4. Secondary laboratory for the Engineer.
15
Erection of 1.05 The items for the erection of temporary accommodation for the Engineer shall,
temporary in accordance with General Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
accommodation
for the Engineer
Item coverage (a) provision of areas within the Site;

(b) excavation, levelling and preparation;
(c) foundations, bases and hardstandings;
(d) water, sanitation, heating, air conditioning, power, lighting,
telephone and communication services;
(e) fences, notices and direction boards;
(f) vehicle access, parking areas and footways;
(g) office and laboratory supplies, furniture and equipment, and
surveying instruments.
Servicing of 1.06 The items for the servicing temporary accommodation for the Engineer shall, in
temporary accordance with General Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
accommodation
for the Engineer
Item coverage (a) charges for water, heating, power, lighting and telephone;
(b) maintenance of buildings, services, fences, notice and direction
boards, vehicle access, parking areas, hardstandings and footways;
(c) maintenance of office and laboratory furniture and equipment and
surveying instruments, and equivalent replacement of furniture,
equipment and surveying instruments when the original furniture,
equipment and instruments are unserviceable;
(d) cleaning;
(e) moving and re-establishing accommodation;
(f) operatives, field assistants and office attendants;
(g) replenishment of consumables.
Dismantling of 1.07 The items for dismantling of temporary accommodation for the Engineer shall,
temporary in accordance with General Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
accommodation
for the Engineer
Item coverage (a) receiving back supplies, furniture, equipment and surveying
instruments not required by the Employer;
(b) disconnecting and removing utilities, and sealing disused utilities;
(c) demolishing, dismantling and removing off Site temporary
accommodation, vehicle access, hardstandings, parking areas,
footways, fences, notice and direction boards;
(d) reinstatement of the areas occupied by temporary accommodation,
vehicle accesses, hardstandings, parking areas, footways, fences,
notices and direction boards.
16
Handing over 1.08 The items for handing over temporary accommodation to the Employer shall, in
temporary accordance with General Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
accommodation
to the Employer
Item coverage (a) receiving back supplies, furniture, equipment and surveying
instruments not required by the Employer;
(b) refurbishing, replacing, repairing and repainting.
TEMPORARY ACCOMMODATION FOR THE

CONTRACTOR
Units 1.09 The unit of measurement shall be :
(i) temporary accommodation for the

Contractor...............................................................................…item.
Itemisation 1.10 Separate items shall be provided for temporary accommodation for the
Contractor in accordance with General Principles paragraphs 3 and 4 and the
following :
Group Feature
I 1. Temporary accommodation for the Contractor.
Temporary 1.11 The items for temporary accommodation for the Contractor shall, in accordance
accommodation with General Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
for the
Contractor
Item coverage (a) erection, servicing and removal of everything required by the
Contractor, including sheds, stores, workman's accommodation and
the like;
(b) reinstatement of the sites occupied by temporary accommodation.
MAINTENANCE OF TRAFFIC FLOW

(i) provision of measures, maintenance of measures, removal of

measures .....................................................................………...item.
Itemisation 1.13 Separate items shall be provided for maintenance of traffic flow in accordance
with General Principles paragraphs 3 and 4 and the following:
17
Group Feature
I 1. Provision of measures.
2. Maintenance of measures.
3. Removal of measures.
II 1. To maintain land traffic flow.

2. To maintain marine traffic flow.
Provision of 1.14 The items for provision of measures to maintain traffic flow shall, in accordance
measures to with General Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
maintain traffic
flow
Item coverage (a) permits and licences;

(b) preparing, amending as necessary, and submitting to the Engineer
and other interested bodies for approval, details of and drawings
showing proposals and programme, including necessary liaison;
(c) preparation of site, excavation or dredging in any material and
disposal of surplus material;
(d) temporary carriageways, ramps, decking, structures, footways,
kerbs, parapets, fencing and barriers;
(e) temporary street lighting;
(f) temporary traffic signs and signals;
(g) temporary road markings and the removal or masking of permanent
road markings;
(h) temporary diversions of utilities;
(i) complying with the traffic safety codes;
(j) phasing of those works affected by compliance with approved
traffic measures;
(k) temporary buoys, navigation lights, markers and the like.
Maintenance of 1.15 The items for maintenance of measures to maintain traffic flow shall, in
measures to accordance with General Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
maintain traffic
flow
Item coverage (a) operatives;

(b) power supply;
(c) repairing or replacing equipment which is dirty or not in working
order;
(d) cleaning traffic lights, lights and signs.
Removal of 1.16 The items for removal of measures to maintain traffic flow shall, in accordance
measures to with General Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
maintain traffic
flow
18
Item coverage (a) breaking up and clearing away temporary carriageways, ramps,
structures, footways, kerbs, parapets, fencing, barriers, utilities,
lighting, traffic signs, signals, buoys, markers and the like;
(b) reinstatement of the site to its original condition.
SECURITIES, SURETIES AND INSURANCES

(i) securities or sureties, insurance of the Works, third party

insurance ................................................................................. item.
Itemisation 1.18 Separate items shall be provided for securities, sureties and insurances in
accordance with General Principles paragraphs 3 and 4 and the following :
Group Feature
I 1. Securities or sureties.
2. Insurance of the Works.
3. Third party insurance.
TRANSPORT FOR THE USE OF THE ENGINEER

(i) land transport for the use of the Engineer, marine transport for the
use of the Engineer .............................................................number.
(ii) operation and maintenance of land transport for the use of the
Engineer, operation and maintenance of marine transport for the use
of the Engineer .................................................................week.
Measurement 1.20 The measurement of operation and maintenance of land or marine transport for
the use of the Engineer shall be the period between the date of delivery of the
land or marine transport to the Engineer and the date instructed by the Engineer
for its removal.
Itemisation 1.21 Separate items shall be provided for transport for the use of the Engineer in
19
Group Feature
I 1. Land transport for the use of the Engineer.

2. Operation and maintenance of land transport for the use of the
Engineer.
3. Marine transport for the use of the Engineer.
4. Operation and maintenance of marine transport for the use of
the Engineer.
II 1. Different types of land transport.

2. Different types of marine transport.
Land transport 1.22 The items for land transport for the use of the Engineer shall, in accordance with
for the use of General Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
the Engineer
Item coverage (a) delivery of an approved vehicle in proper working order;

(b) collection of the vehicle when no longer required;
(c) credit value of vehicle when returned.
Operation and 1.23 The items for operation and maintenance of land transport for the use of the
maintenance of Engineer shall, in accordance with General Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
land transport
for the use of
the Engineer
Item coverage (a) tax, insurances, parking, ferry and tunnel charges;
(b) driver;
(c) an adequate replacement vehicle when the regular vehicle is
unavailable or unserviceable;
(d) maintenance and cleaning;
(e) fuel, oil and other consumables.
Marine 1.24 The items for marine transport for the use of the Engineer shall, in accordance
transport for the with General Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
use of the
Engineer
Item coverage (a) delivery of an approved vessel in proper working order;

(b) collection of the vessel when no longer required;
(c) credit value of the vessel when returned.
Operation and 1.25 The items for operation and maintenance of marine transport for the use of the
maintenance of Engineer shall, in accordance with General Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
marine
transport for the
use of the
Engineer
20
Item coverage (a) licence, insurance and mooring fees;

(b) coxswain and crew;
(c) an adequate replacement vessel when the regular vessel is
unavailable or unserviceable;
(d) maintenance and cleaning;
(e) fuel, oil and other consumables.
DATA PROCESSING EQUIPMENT FOR THE

ENGINEER
(i) Contract Computer Facilities for the

Engineer .....................................................................................item.
Itemisation 1.27 Separate items shall be provided for Contract Computer Facilities for the
Engineer in accordance with General Principles paragraphs 3 and 4 and the
following :
Group Feature
I 1. Contract Computer Facilities for the Engineer.
II 1. Installed in the Engineer's Site office.

2. Installed in the Engineer's Main office.
3. Installed in locations detailed in the Specification.
III 1. To be handed over to the Employer as detailed in the

Specification.
Data processing 1.28 The items for Contract Computer Facilities for the Engineer shall, in accordance
equipment for with General Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
the Engineer
Item coverage
(a) delivery, installation and testing of all computer equipment items
including connecting devices, networking, connection to power
supply and software items;
(b) taking any measures necessary to render the power supply uniform,
stable and adequate for the computer equipment;
(c) provision of all necessary licences for the computer equipment
(including hardware and software);
(d) diagnostic and performance checking;
(e) provision of maintenance and technical support service;
(f) cleaning, resetting and preventative maintenance service;
(g) attendance on maintenance technicians;
(h) replacement parts;
(i) data archiving service;
(j) any necessary work to render the Contract Computer Facilities
Year 2000 compliant;
21
(k) replacement of any item when the original item is unserviceable;

(l) all necessary consumables;
(m) telecommunication and internet connection services;
(n) system configuration services;
(o) documentation;
(p) provision of training;
(q) where the computer equipment (including hardware and software)
are to be handed over to the Employer, documentation of
assignment of ownership, warranty agreements, maintenance
agreements and the extension of software licences beyond the
period as directed by the Engineer;
(r) where the computer equipment (including hardware and software)
are not to be handed over to the Employer, disconnection,
repacking and removal and the credit value.

PHOTOGRAPHS
(i) set of progress photographs, record

photographs ...........................................................................number.
Measurement 1.30 The measurement of a set of progress photographs shall be the number of sets
selected by the Engineer. A set shall be the negative together with the respective
prints of the size and number described in the Contract.
Itemisation 1.31 Separate items shall be provided for photographs in accordance with General
Principles paragraphs 3 and 4 and the following :
Group Feature
I 1. Set of progress photographs.

2. Record photographs.
II 1. Underwater.
Photographs 1.32 The items for photographs shall, in accordance with General Preambles
paragraph 2, include for :
Item coverage (a) album for mounting photographs;

(b) storage album for negatives;
(c) delivery of negatives and prints to the Engineer;
(d) identification marking on the prints;
(e) frames, mounts and titles;
(f) use of divers.
22
HOARDINGS, TEMPORARY FENCES AND

SIGNBOARDS
(i) hoardings, temporary fences ..........................................linear metre.

(ii) signboards .............................................................................number.
Measurement 1.34 The measurement of hoardings and temporary fences shall be the length along
their centrelines, inclusive of gates and entrances.
1.35 Hoardings and temporary fences shall only be measured where shown on the
Drawings.
Itemisation 1.36 Separate items shall be provided for hoardings, temporary fences and
signboards in accordance with General Principles paragraphs 3 and 4 and the
following :
Group Feature
I 1. Hoardings.
2. Temporary fences.
3. Signboards.
II 1. Different types.
III 1. Different sizes.
IV 1. To be handed over to the Employer on completion.
Hoardings, 1.37 The items for hoardings, temporary fences and signboards shall, in accordance
temporary with General Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
fences and Corrigendum No. 1/93
signboards
Item coverage (a) excavation in any material;

(b) backfilling and compaction;
(c) disposal of surplus excavated material;
(d) concrete, reinforcement, formwork and granular material to
foundations and anchorages, forming holes, pockets, sockets,
mortices and the like;
(e) entrances, gates and the like;
(f) painting and lettering;
(g) maintaining;
(h) demolition and removal;
23
(i) reinstatement of the areas occupied;

(j) where hoardings, temporary fences and signboards are to be handed
over to the Employer, refurbishing, replacing, repairing and
repainting.
ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION MEASURES
Units 1.38 The units of measurement shall be:
(i) provision, maintenance and removal of environmental mitigation

measures …………….…………………………………….………item.
Itemisation 1.39 Separate items shall be provided for environmental mitigation measures in
accordance with General Principles paragraphs 3 and 4 and the following:
Group Feature
I 1. Environmental mitigation measures
II 1. Air related measures.

2. Noise related measures
3. Water quality related measures
4. Other stated measures
III 1. Provision
2. Maintenance
3. Removal
1.40 The items for provision of environmental mitigation measures shall, in accordance
Provision of with General Preambles paragraph 2, include for:
environmental
mitigation measures
Item coverage (a) engagement of Environmental Specialists to provide advice and service
on the environmental mitigation measures;
(b) provision of pollution avoidance and environmental mitigation
measures;
(c) complying with the requirements on environmental mitigation;
(d) all equipment, facilities, instruments, operatives and technicians;
(e) attending meetings, District Board meetings etc. by the Environmental
Specialists as and when requested by the Engineer or the Engineer’s
Representative;
(f) modification of environmental mitigation measures as recommended by
the Environmental Specialists.
24
Maintenance of 1.41 The items for maintenance of environmental mitigation measures shall, in
environmental accordance with General Preambles paragraph 2, include for:
mitigation measures
Item coverage (a) maintenance of equipment, facilities and instruments and equivalent
replacement of equipment, facilities and instruments when the original
equipment, facilities and instruments are unserviceable;
(b) replenishment of consumables;
(c) operatives;
(d) power supply;
(e) cleaning.
Removal of 1.42 The items for removal of environmental mitigation measures shall, in accordance
environmental with General Preambles paragraph 2, include for:
mitigation measures
Item coverage
(a) dismantling all equipment, facilities and instruments for environmental
mitigation measures;
(b) removing all equipment, facilities and instruments off site;
(c) reinstatement of the site to its original condition.
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING MEASURES

Units 1.43 The units of measurement shall be:
(i) provision, maintenance and removal of environmental monitoring

measures ……………..………………item.
Itemisation 1.44 Separate items shall be provided for environmental monitoring measures in
accordance with General Principles paragraphs 3 and 4 and the following:
Group Feature
I 1. Environmental monitoring measures
II 1. Air related measures.

2. Noise related measures
3. Water quality related measures
4. Other stated measures
III 1. Provision
2. Maintenance
3. Removal
Provision of 1.45 The items for provision of environmental monitoring measures shall, in accordance
monitoring measures
Item coverage (a) engagement of Environmental Specialists to provide advice and service
on the environmental monitoring measures;
(b) provision of environmental monitoring measures;
25
(c) provision of access to monitoring and control stations;

(d) complying with the requirements on environmental monitoring;
(e) maintaining the service of Environmental Specialists;
(f) work boats including operatives;
(g) all equipment, facilities and instruments, attendants and technicians;
(h) setting out and marking sampling locations;
(i) carrying out monitoring works at designated monitoring and control
stations;
(j) calibration of all equipment including sampling, testing and monitoring
equipment;
(k) provision of training to personnel for operation of the equipment;
(l) all sampling and testing in an approved laboratory;
(m) taking readings, measurements and recording;
(n) reporting of monitoring data, including submission of reports;
(o) identifying any environmental deficiency, proposing rectification
measures, rectification of such deficiency as approved and including
additional environmental monitoring works;
(p) arranging and attending environmental site inspections;
(q) overtime work outside normal working hours;
(r) attending meetings, District Board meetings etc. by the Environmental
Specialists as and when requested by the Engineer or the Engineer’s
Representative.
Maintenance of 1.46 The items for maintenance of environmental monitoring measures shall, in
environmental accordance with General Preambles paragraph 2, include for:
monitoring measures
Item coverage (a) maintenance of access to monitoring and control stations;

(b) maintenance of equipment, facilities and instruments and equivalent
replacement of equipment, facilities and instruments when the original
equipment, facilities and instruments are unserviceable;
(c) replenishment of consumables;
(d) operatives;
(e) power supply;
(f) cleaning.
Removal of 1.47 The items for removal of environmental monitoring measures shall, in accordance
monitoring measures
Item coverage (a) dismantling all equipment, facilities and instruments for environmental
monitoring measures;
(b) removing all equipment, facilities and instruments off site;
(c) reinstatement of the site to its original condition.

26
SECTION 2
GROUND INVESTIGATION
RIGS
(i) establishment of rigs ..................................................................item.

(ii) moving rigs ...........................................................................number.
(iii) standing time for rigs .................................................................hour.
Measurement 2.02 The measurement for establishment of rigs shall be for bringing the equipment
to the Site.
2.03 The measurement for moving rigs shall correspond to the number of boreholes,
drillholes and probeholes shown on the Drawings or ordered by the Engineer.
2.04 The measurement of standing time for rigs shall be the hours for each rig
standing idle during normal working hours, as defined in Section 27, from the
time the Contractor notifies the Engineer that he is awaiting instructions and
gives details of the circumstances until the time such instructions are issued.
2.05 In the case of marine work, the time taken to move the marine plant to the
nearest typhoon shelter when the tropical cyclone warning signal No. 3 or
higher is hoisted and the time taken to return to Site will be measured as
standing time for rigs.
Itemisation 2.06 Separate items shall be provided for rigs in accordance with General Principles
paragraphs 3 and 4 and the following :
Group Feature
I 1. Establishment of rigs.
2. Moving rigs.
3. Standing time for rigs.
Establishment 2.07 The items for establishment of rigs shall, in accordance with General Preambles
of rigs paragraph 2, include for :
Item coverage (a) providing sufficient numbers of rigs, together with all ancillary
equipment;
(b) removing the rigs and ancillary equipment off Site;
27
(c) providing, transporting and setting up pontoons, barges and the like,
and their subsequent removal.
Moving rigs 2.08 The items for moving rigs shall, in accordance with General Preambles
Item coverage (a) provision, maintenance and removal of all Temporary Works
required as access and working platforms;
(b) site clearance and reinstatement;
(c) diversion of watercourses;
(d) setting up rigs;
(e) transferring and positioning pontoons, barges and the like.
Standing time 2.09 The items for standing time for rigs shall, in accordance with the General
for rigs Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
Item coverage (a) all drilling equipment, boring equipment, probing equipment,
ancillary equipment, testing equipment, Temporary Works and
barges;
(b) rig personnel and crew.
DRILLING, BORING AND PROBING

(i) drilling, boring, probing .................................................linear metre.
Measurement 2.11 The measurement of drilling, boring and probing shall be the drilled or bored
length of the hole.
Itemisation 2.12 Separate items shall be provided for drilling, boring and probing in accordance
with General Principles paragraphs 3 and 4 and the following :
Group Feature
I 1. Drilling.
2. Boring.
3. Probing.
II 1. Vertically downwards.
2. Downwards at an angle 0°- 45° to the vertical.
3. Horizontally or downwards at an angle less than 45° to the
horizontal.
4. Upwards at an angle 0°- 45° to the horizontal.
5. Upwards at an angle less than 45° to the vertical.
28
Group Feature
III 1. Different sizes of core.

2. Different sizes of hole.
IV 1. Material other than rock or artificial hard material.

2. Rock.
3. Artificial hard material.
Drilling, boring 2.13 The items for drilling, boring and probing shall, in accordance with General
and probing Preambles paragraph 2, include for:
Item coverage (a) water, compressed air or other drilling fluid;

(b) casing to hole;
(c) backfilling the hole, reinstating and marking position;
(d) taking readings, measurements and observations, and recording and
supplying the logs of each drillhole, borehole or probehole to the
Engineer.
TRIAL PITS AND INSPECTION PITS

(i) trial pit, inspection pit, extra over for excavation in rock, extra
over for excavation in artificial hard material ....................... cubic
metre.
Measurement 2.15 The total volume of any one trial pit or inspection pit shall be assigned to the
item with a depth range within which its maximum depth falls. Measurement
shall only be made for trial pits and inspection pits excavated on the specific
instruction of the Engineer, and not for pits excavated in meeting the
Contractor's obligations to establish the locations of existing utilities and
underground features.
Itemisation 2.16 Separate items shall be provided for trial pits and inspection pits in accordance
Group Feature
I 1. Trial pits.
2. Inspection pits.
3. Extra over for excavation in rock.
4. Extra over for excavation in artificial hard material.
29
Group Feature
II 1. Maximum depth not exceeding 3.00 m.

2. Maximum depth exceeding 3.00 m but not exceeding 6.00 m
and so on in steps of 3.00 m.
Trial pits and 2.17 The items for trial pits and inspection pits shall, in accordance with General
inspection pits Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
Item coverage (a) access;

(b) excavation in any material;
(c) saw-cutting and cutting through reinforcement;
(d) disposal of surplus excavated material;
(e) temporary fencing;
(f) backfilling, compaction and reinstatement;
(g) taking readings, measurements and observations, and recording and
supplying the log of each trial pit to the Engineer;
(h) in the case of trial pits, taking photographs and submitting to the
Engineer.
SAMPLES AND ROCK CORES

(i) samples ..................................................................................number.

(ii) rock cores .......................................................................linear metre.
Measurement 2.19 The measurement of samples shall be the number of samples ordered by the
Engineer and of length or size not less than specified.
2.20 The measurement of rock cores shall be the length of the specified core
recovered and measured in the core box.
Itemisation 2.21 Separate items shall be provided for samples and rock cores in accordance with
General Principles paragraphs 3 and 4 and the following :
Group Feature
I 1. Different types of samples.

2. Different sizes of cores.
30
Samples and 2.22 The items for samples and rock cores shall, in accordance with General
rock cores Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
Item coverage (a) containers for samples and core boxes;

(b) labelling, photographing and packing samples and cores;
(c) transporting samples and cores to the Engineer's store and/or
approved testing laboratory.
IN-SITU TESTS
(i) in-situ tests ............................................................................number.
Measurement 2.24 The measurement of in-situ tests shall be the number of in-situ tests carried out
as ordered by the Engineer.
Itemisation 2.25 Separate items shall be provided for in-situ tests in accordance with General
Group Feature
I 1. Different types of test.
In-situ tests 2.26 The items for in-situ tests shall, in accordance with General Preambles
Item coverage (a) testing equipment, moving between holes and removing on
completion;
(b) taking readings, measurements and observations, and recording and
supplying records of the tests to the Engineer.
INSTRUMENT INSTALLATION
(i) instrument installation ...........................................................number.
Measurement 2.28 The measurement of instrument installation shall be the number of instrument
installations installed in completed holes, as ordered by the Engineer.
Itemisation 2.29 Separate items shall be provided for instrument installation in accordance with
31
Group Feature
I 1. Different types of instrument installation.
Instrument 2.30 The items for instrument installation shall, in accordance with General
Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
Item coverage (a) excavation in any material, including backfilling, compaction,

disposal of surplus excavated material and reinstatement;
(b) temporary fencing and protection;
(c) lockable surface box;
(d) installation records and submitting to the Engineer;
(e) calibration and maintenance of instruments;
(f) reference and identification markers, and marker buoys;
(g) taking measures to ensure that instruments suffer the least amount of
disturbance;
(h) taking readings, measurements and observations, and recording and
supplying records to the Engineer;
(i) credit value of that part of the installation which becomes the
property of the Contractor.
LABORATORY TESTS
(i) laboratory tests ......................................................................number.

(ii) extra over testing time ...............................................................hour.
Measurement 2.32 The measurement of laboratory tests shall be the number of tests ordered by the
Engineer.
2.33 The measurement of extra over testing time shall be the testing time exceeding :
(i) 60 hours for a single-stage triaxial compression test on soil;

(ii) 144 hours for three stage (multi-stage) test on the same specimen.
The commencement time for a single-stage or multi-stage test shall be the time
at which consolidation is commenced.
Itemisation 2.34 Separate items shall be provided for laboratory tests in accordance with General
Principles paragraphs 3 and 4 and the following:
32
Group Feature
I 1. Different types of laboratory tests.

2. Extra over testing time.
Laboratory tests 2.35 The items for laboratory tests shall, in accordance with General Preambles
Item coverage (a) attendance and supervision of testing at approved laboratories;

(b) calibration of instruments;
(c) selecting, extruding and preparing specimens from the supplied
samples, as directed by the Engineer;
(d) taking readings, measurements and observations, and recording and
supplying the record of each test to the Engineer;
(e) photographs;
(f) retaining samples until directed by the Engineer.
REPORT WORK
(i) draft final report, final report .....................................................item.
Itemisation 2.37 Separate items shall be provided for report work in accordance with General
Group Feature
I 1. Draft final report.

2. Final report.
Report work 2.38 The items for report work shall, in accordance with General Preambles
Item coverage (a) report boxes and folders

33
34
SECTION 3
SITE CLEARANCE
Note 3.01 The taking up of existing carriageways, pavings and kerbs, other than those
required to be set aside for re-laying or removing to store, and the demolition of
underground structures or foundations (including in the case of demolition of
buildings or structures, work below and including ground slabs), shall be
measured in the Earthworks Section.
3.01a The item for general site clearance of the Site shall only be included in Bill
Number 1 for Preliminaries.
SITE CLEARANCE
(i) general site clearance of the Site .......................……...............item .

(ii) demolition of individual or groups of buildings or
structures ....................................................................................item.
(iii) removal of disused sewers, drains or ducts ...................linear metre.
Measurement 3.03 Not used.
3.04 The removal of disused sewers, drains or ducts below existing ground surface
shall be measured only where the disused sewers, drains or ducts will not be
removed as part of the excavation measured under the Earthworks Section.
Itemisation 3.05 Separate items shall be provided for site clearance in accordance with General
Group Feature
I 1. General site clearance of the Site.

2. Demolition of individual or groups of buildings or structures.
3. Removal of disused sewers, drains or ducts of different
diameters.
General site 3.06 The items for general site clearance of the Site shall, in accordance with General
clearance of the Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
Site Corrigendum No. 2/99
35
Item coverage (a) demolition, breaking up and removal of signs, lamp standards,
fences, walls and disused ducts, pipes, sewers or drains above
ground level and superficial obstructions affected by the Works;
(b) felling of trees, grubbing up stumps and roots, filling stump and
root holes with fine fill material and compacting;
(c) removal of branches from trees which are not to be felled and
treating cut surfaces with wound sealant;
(d) uprooting of bushes and hedges;
(e) credit value of material which becomes the property of the
Contractor;
(f) disposal of surplus material;
(g) disconnecting and sealing utilities, and recording the position of
sealed utilities;
(h) making good severed ends of existing fences, walls, utilities and
other items, including fixing posts at ends of strained fences and
restraining fences;
(i) making good damage to buildings and other surfaces caused by the
removal of signs, fences, lamp standards and the like.
Demolition of 3.07 The items for the demolition of individual or groups of buildings or structures
individual or down to ground level shall, in accordance with General Preambles paragraph 2,
groups of include for :
buildings or
structures
Item coverage (a) carrying out surveys of buildings or structures prior to demolition;
(b) demolition of the buildings or structures down to ground level, but
excluding the removal of any ground slab;
(c) disconnecting and sealing utilities, and marking and recording the
position of sealed utilities, including liaising with relevant
authorities;
(d) credit value of material which becomes the property of the
Contractor;
(e) disposal of surplus material;
(f) protecting areas adjacent to demolition works from damage
resulting from such demolition;
(g) making good damage to buildings, structures and pavements caused
by the removal of adjoining buildings or structures.
Removal of 3.08 The items for the removal of disused sewers, drains or ducts shall, in accordance
disused sewers, with the General Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
drains or ducts

(b) removal of associated manholes, catchpits, gullies, drawpits and the
like;
(c) preliminary site trials of blasting;
(d) loosening or breaking up by blasting or other means sewer, drain or
duct of whatever type of construction, together with any bed,
haunch or surround;
(e) cutting through reinforcement;
(f) trimming the bottom and sides of excavation and clearing away
loose rock;
(g) backfilling with suitable material from any source and compaction;
(h) disposal of surplus material;
(i) sealing the ends of sewers or drains.
36
TAKE UP AND STORE; TAKE UP AND DELIVER;

TAKE UP, STORE AND RE-ERECT; TAKE UP, STORE
AND REINSTATE
(i) paved areas and the like ...............................................square metre.

(ii) fencing, pipes, cables and the like ................................linear metre.
(iii) lamp standards, traffic signs, valves, fittings and the
like .......................................................................................number.
Itemisation 3.10 Separate items shall be provided for take up and store, take up and deliver, take
up, store and re-erect and take up, store and reinstate in accordance with
Group Feature
I 1. Take up and store.

2. Take up and deliver.
3. Take up, store and re-erect.
4. Take up, store and reinstate.
II 1. Deliver to different locations.
III 1. Different types of paved areas.

2. Different types of fencing.
3. Different types and diameters of pipes.
4. Different types of lamp standards.
5. Different types of other stated materials, street furniture or
fittings.
37
Take up and 3.11 The items for take up and store, take up and deliver, take up, store and re-erect
store; take up and take up, store and reinstate shall, in accordance with General Preambles
and deliver; paragraph 2, include for :
take up, store
and re-erect;
take up, store
and reinstate
Item coverage (a) excavation in any material and reinstating;

(b) cleaning and breaking off any foundations, bedding or the like;
(c) making good any damage and replacing losses and breakages;
(d) disposal of surplus material;
(e) disconnecting and sealing utilities, and recording the position of
sealed utilities;
(f) making good damage to buildings and other surfaces caused by the
removal of signs, fences, lamp standards and the like;
(g) re-erection or reinstatement, including construction of foundations
or base;
(h) granular material to footings;
(i) finishing, curing and protecting;
(j) replacing any item damaged during the foregoing operations.
38
SECTION 4
FENCING
FENCES, HANDRAILING, GUARD-RAILING,

PARAPETS AND GATES
(i) fences, handrailing, guard-railing,

parapets .....................................................................linear metre.
(ii) gates ..................................................................................number.
Measurement 4.02 The measurement of fences, handrailing, guard-railing and parapets shall be
the length along their centreline.
4.03 Fences, handrailing, guard-railing and parapets which are curved on plan
between posts or supports shall be defined as curved. Fences, handrailing,
guard-railing and parapets which are set out to a curve but are straight between
posts or supports shall not be defined as curved.
Itemisation 4.04 Separate items shall be provided for fences, handrailing, guard-railing, parapets
and gates in accordance with General Principles paragraphs 3 and 4 and the
following :
Group Feature
I 1. Fences.
2. Handrailing.
4. Guard-railing.
5. Parapets.
6. Gates.
2. Different materials.
III 1. Different heights of fences, guard-railing and

parapets.
2. Different heights and widths of gates.
IV 1. Curved.
39
Group Feature
V 1. Different protective treatments and painting.
VI 1. With mesh infill.
Fences, 4.05 The items for fences, handrailing, guard-railing and parapets shall, in
handrailing, accordance with General Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
guard-railing,
parapets

(d) driving posts and struts in any material;
(e) concrete, reinforcement, formwork and granular material to
foundations and anchorages, forming holes, pockets, sockets,
(f) jointing to existing fences, handrailing, guard-railing and the
like;
(g) provision and maintenance of accesses for owners, tenants and
occupiers of adjoining lands;
(h) baseplates, sockets, ends, ramps, angles, joint fittings, holding
down bolts, washers, nuts, fastenings and the like;
(i) casting in bolts, sockets, baseplates and application of bonding
agents, fillers and sealing materials;
(j) straining line wires, chain link fencing and barbed wire and
securing;
(k) protective treatment and painting;
(l) trimming or filling ground to maintain uniform clearance
between bottom of fence and ground.
Gates 4.06 The items for gates shall, in accordance with General Preambles paragraph 2,
include for :

(d) concrete, reinforcement, formwork and granular material to
foundations, forming holes, sockets, mortices and the like;
(e) posts, hinges, fastenings, stops, locks and keys;
(f) forming openings in existing fences or walls and making good;
(g) trimming ground at entrances;
(h) baseplates, sockets, ends, ramps, angles, joint fittings, holding
down bolts, nuts, fastenings and the like;
(i) casting in bolts, sockets, baseplates and application of bonding
agents, fillers and sealing materials;
(j) protective treatment and painting;
(k) trimming or filling ground to maintain uniform clearance
between bottom of gate and ground.
40
UNTENSIONED BEAM BARRIERS

(i) untensioned beam barriers .........................................linear metre.

(ii) anchor blocks, end beams, end specials, transition
pieces ................................................................................number.
Measurement 4.08 The measurement of untensioned beam barriers shall be the length along the
centreline of the barrier between the connections to the anchor block, end beams,
end specials or transition pieces.
4.09 The measurement of anchor blocks, end beams, end specials and transition
pieces or connections shall be of the complete installation.
4.10 Untensioned beam barriers which are curved on plan between posts shall be
defined as curved. Untensioned beam barriers which are set out to a curve but
are straight between posts shall not be defined as curved.
Itemisation 4.11 Separate items shall be provided for untensioned beam barriers in accordance
Group Feature
I 1. Untensioned beam barriers.

2. Anchor blocks.
3. End beams.
4. End specials.
5. Transition pieces.
III 1. Curved.
IV 1. Different protective treatments and painting.
Untensioned 4.12 The items for untensioned beam barriers, anchor blocks, ends beams, end
beam barriers, specials and transition pieces shall, in accordance with General Preambles
anchor blocks, Paragraph 2, include for:
end beams, etc

(d) driving posts in any material;
(e) concrete, reinforcement, formwork to foundations and
anchorages, finishes to concrete, forming holes, pockets, sockets,
(f) jointing to existing fences;
41
(g) baseplates, sockets, ends, ramps, angles, joint fittings, holding

down bolts, washers, nuts, fastenings and the like;
(h) casting in bolts, sockets and baseplates, and application of
bonding agents, fillers and sealing materials;
(i) protective treatment and painting;
(j) trimming or filling ground to maintain uniform clearance
between bottom of barrier and ground.
42
SECTION 5
DRAINAGE AND DUCTS
Note 5.01 Headwall and outfall works shall be measured in accordance with the units of
measurement, measurements and itemisation set out in the relevant Sections for
Earthworks, Formwork, Steel Reinforcement, Concrete and the like.
SEWERS, DRAINS, PIPED CULVERTS, DUCTS AND

TRENCH DRAINS
(i) sewers, drains, piped culverts, ducts, trench

drains .............................................................................linear metre.
(ii) connections to existing sewers, drains, ducts, trench drains,
culverts, watercourses, manholes, other chambers and
drawpits ................................................................................number.
Measurement 5.03 The measurement of sewers, drains, piped culverts, ducts and trench drains shall
be the summed lengths of the categories described within each depth range.
Length shall be measured along the centreline between the following
terminations:
(i) the external face of manhole or other chamber, gully or headwall;

(ii) the intersection of the centreline of the pipes at pipe junctions;
(iii) the position of the termination shown on the Drawings;
(iv) the point at which the depth range changes.
5.04 Depths of sewers, drains, piped culverts and ducts in trenches and trench drains
shall be the vertical measurement between the invert of the pipe or duct and the
following :
(i) where the invert level is below the existing ground surface - the
existing ground surface, except that where the earthworks final
surface is below the existing ground surface the measurement shall
be taken to the earthworks final surface;
(ii) where the invert is at or above the existing ground surface - the
earthworks final surface;
(iii) where a length of pipeline in or beneath areas of fill is not permitted
to be constructed until a specified minimum level of cover is
obtained then notwithstanding paragraphs 5.04(i) and (ii) above - to
the specified minimum level of cover or the earthworks final
surface whichever is the lower.
43
Itemisation 5.05 Separate items shall be provided for sewers, drains, piped culverts, ducts and
trench drains in accordance with General Principles paragraphs 3 and 4 and the
following :
Group Feature
I 1. Sewers, drains or piped culverts.

2. Ducts, different numbers of ways.
3. Trench drains.
4. Connections to existing sewers, drains, ducts, trench drains,
culverts, watercourses, manholes, other chambers and
drawpits.
II 1. Different types or materials.
III 1. Different diameters.
IV 1. Different types of bed, surround, haunch or filling.
V 1. In trench, depth not exceeding 1.50 m.

2. In trench, depth exceeding 1.50 m but not exceeding 2.50 m
3. In headings.
4. By jacking or thrust boring.
5. Suspended on different types of supports.
Sewers, drains, 5.06 The items for sewers, drains, piped culverts, ducts and trench drains shall, in
piped culverts, accordance with General Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
etc.
Item coverage (a) ascertaining nature, location and size of existing utilities prior to
commencement of excavation;
(b) inspecting pipes, joints and fittings immediately before and
immediately after installation and repairing damage;
(c) excavation in any material except rock and artificial hard material;
(d) access shafts to headings and their subsequent reinstatement;
(e) thrust pits and thrust blocks for pipe jacking, including additional
excavation and removal and reinstatement;
(f) completion of formation;
(g) cutting, laying, jointing and bedding pipes and fittings;
(h) mastic filler and anticorrosion tape;
(i) fixings, hangers, stools and other supports;
(j) laying and compacting pipe bedding, haunching and surround
material;
(k) polyethylene sheeting or blinding layer;
44
(l) formwork;
(m) reinforcement;
(n) membranes;
(o) filter material and compaction;
(p) backfilling with special fill material and compaction;
(q) reinstatement of topsoil and turf;
(r) disposal of surplus excavated material;
(s) cleaning and checking bore, linearity and joints;
(t) recording, staking and labelling of junctions and terminations;
(u) draw wires, plugs, marker blocks and identification tapes;
(v) movement joints to concrete beds, haunches and surrounds and
compressible padding between pipes and supports;
(w) in the case of pipes not being jointed, sealing the ends of pipes.
Connections to 5.07 The items for connections to existing sewers, drains, ducts, trench drains,
existing sewers, culverts, watercourses, manholes, other chambers and drawpits shall, in
drains, etc. accordance with General Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
Item coverage (a) locating existing sewers, drains, ducts or trench drains;
(c) breaking into existing sewers, drains, ducts or trench drains, dealing
with the existing flow and making the connections, including
necessary fittings, saddles and the like;
(d) breaking into existing culverts, watercourses, manholes, other
chambers, concrete benching, channels and drawpits, dealing with
the existing flow, making the connections, and making good the
benching, channels and walls;
(e) backfilling with special fill material and compaction;
(f) disposal of surplus excavated material.
PENSTOCKS AND VALVES

(i) extra over for penstocks, gate valves, flap valves, sludge
valves, air valves and other stated types of
valves ....................................................................................number.
Itemisation 5.09 Separate items shall be provided for penstocks and valves in accordance with
45
Group Feature
I 1. Extra over for penstocks.

2. Extra over for gate valves.
3. Extra over for flap valves.
4. Extra over for sludge valves.
5. Extra over for air valves.
6. Extra over for other stated types of valves.
Extra over for 5.10 The items for extra over for penstocks, gate valves, flap valves, sludge valves,
penstocks and air valves and other stated types of valves shall, in accordance with General
valves Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
Item coverage (a) cutting, preparation, fabrication and assembly;

(b) internal and external protection;
(c) stripping and making good internal and external protection to pipes;
(d) painting;
(e) mastic filler and anticorrosion tape;
(f) additional joints to pipes;
(g) cleaning and greasing moving parts.
MANHOLES, GULLIES, CATCHPITS, OTHER

CHAMBERS AND DRAWPITS
(i) manholes, gullies, catchpits, other chambers,

drawpits .................................................................................number.
Measurement 5.12 The measurement shall be of the complete manhole, gully, catchpit, other
chamber and drawpit.
5.13 Depths of manholes shall be the distance between the top surface of the cover
and the invert of the main channel. Depths of catchpits, drawpits and other
chambers shall be the distance between the top surface of the cover or grating
and the uppermost surface of the base slab.
46
Itemisation 5.14 Separate items shall be provided for manholes, gullies, catchpits, other
chambers and drawpits in accordance with General Principles paragraphs 3 and
4 and the following :
Group Feature
I 1. Manholes.
2. Gullies.
3. Catchpits.
4. Other chambers.
5. Drawpits.
III 1. Different types of covers, gratings and overflow weirs.
IV 1. Depth not exceeding 1.50 m.

2. Depth exceeding 1.50 m but not exceeding 2.50 m and so on
in steps of 1.00 m.
Manholes, 5.15 The items for manholes, catchpits, gullies, other chambers and drawpits shall, in
catchpits, gullies, accordance with General Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
etc. Corrigendum No. 1/93
(b) excavation in any material except rock and artificial hard material;
(c) forming channels and benchings, and building in pipe connections,
including fittings and pipes;
(d) backdrops;
(e) footholes, step irons, access ladders and safety chains;
(f) covers, frames, gratings, overflow weirs and lifting keys;
(g) surround;
(h) polyethylene sheeting or blinding layer;
(i) formwork and moulds;
(j) reinforcement and steel sections;
(k) backfilling with fine fill material and compaction;
(l) in the case of manholes and chambers in carriageways, backfilling
excavation with Grade 10 concrete;
(m) disposal of surplus excavated material;
(n) completion of formation.
47
DRAINAGE CHANNELS
(i) drainage channels ...........................................................linear metre.
Measurement 5.17 The measurement shall be the length of the drainage channel along its
centreline.
Itemisation 5.18 Separate items shall be provided for drainage channels in accordance with
Group Feature
I 1. Half round channels.

2. U channels.
3. Stepped channels.
4. Trapezoidal channels.
5. Other types of channels.
II 1. Different sizes.
III 1. Different types of cover.
Drainage 5.19 The items for drainage channels shall, in accordance with General Preambles
channels paragraph 2, include for :
Item coverage (a) excavation in any material except rock and artificial hard material;
(b) trimming of side slopes and inverts;
(c) connection to existing drainage channels;
(d) backfilling excavation with Grade 10 concrete;
(e) disposal of surplus excavated material;
(f) dealing with the flow of water;
(g) levelling and compacting of bedding material and filter material;
(h) building in pipes;
(i) reinforcement;
(j) formwork;
(k) falls, cambers and shaped profiles;
(l) steps, junctions and connections;
(m) construction and movement joints;
(n) waterbars or waterstops;
(o) concrete apron.
48
EXCAVATION IN ROCK AND ARTIFICIAL HARD

MATERIAL
(i) extra over for excavation in rock, extra over for excavation in
artificial hard material ....................................................cubic metre.
Measurement 5.21 The measurement shall be the volume of the voids formed by the removal of the
rock and artificial hard material within the widths, lengths and depths required
in the Contract for sewers, drains, piped culverts, ducts, trench drains, headings,
manholes, gullies, catchpits, other chambers, drawpits, drainage channels and
the like.
Itemisation 5.22 Separate items shall be provided for excavation in rock and artificial hard
material in accordance with General Principles paragraphs 3 and 4 and the
following :
Group Feature
I 1. Extra over for excavation in rock, blasting permitted.

2. Extra over for excavation in rock, blasting not permitted.
3. Extra over for excavation in artificial hard material, blasting
permitted.
not permitted.
Extra over for 5.23 The items for extra over for excavation in rock and artificial hard material shall,
excavation in rock in accordance with General Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
and artificial hard
material etc.
Item coverage (a) saw-cutting and cutting through reinforcement;

(b) trimming;
(c) making good overbreak;
(d) in the case of blasting being permitted, blasting trials, measurement
and recording of vibrations and supplying copy of records to the
Engineer, checking and adjusting accuracy of seismographs,
preparatory work for blasting, notifying the Engineer when
explosives are to be brought onto Site, screens and other protective
covers, drilling shot holes, charging, stemming and blasting.
49
SOFT SPOTS AND OTHER VOIDS

(i) excavation of soft spots, filling of soft spots and other

voids ...............................................................................cubic metre.
Measurement 5.25 The measurement of soft spots and other voids shall be the volume of the soft
spot or void ordered by the Engineer to be excavated and/or filled.
Itemisation 5.26 Separate items shall be provided for soft spots and other voids in accordance
Group Feature
I 1. Excavation of soft spots.

2. Filling of soft spots and other voids.
II 1. General fill material.

2. Fine fill material.
3. Granular fill material.
4. Special fill material.
5. Grade 10 concrete.
6. Other stated fill material.
Excavation of 5.27 The items for excavation of soft spots shall, in accordance with General
soft spots Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
Item coverage (a) disposal of excavated material.
Filling of soft 5.28 The items for filling of soft spots and other voids shall, in accordance with
spots and other General Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
voids etc.
Item coverage (a) material from any source and compaction;

(b) formwork.
SUPPORTS LEFT IN EXCAVATION

(i) supports left in excavation ............................................square metre.
Measurement 5.30 The measurement shall be the area of face ordered by the Engineer to be left
with supports in position.
50
Itemisation 5.31 Separate items shall be provided for supports left in excavation in accordance
Group Feature
I 1. Different types of supports.
II 1. Left in pit or trench.

2. Left in heading.
Supports left in 5.32 The items for supports left in excavation shall, in accordance with General
excavation Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
Item coverage (a) working around supports during backfilling.
REINSTATEMENT OF EXISTING CARRIAGEWAYS,

FOOTWAYS AND PAVED AREAS
(i) extra over for reinstatement of existing carriageways, extra over

for reinstatement of existing footways, extra over for
reinstatement of other stated existing paved
areas ..............................................................................square metre.
Measurement 5.34 The measurement shall be the area reinstated within the limits of excavation as
required by the Contract.
Itemisation 5.35 Separate items shall be provided for reinstatement of existing carriageways,
footways and paved areas in accordance with General Principles paragraphs 3
and 4 and the following :
Group Feature
I 1. Extra over for reinstatement of existing carriageways.

2. Extra over for reinstatement of existing footways.
3. Extra over for reinstatement of other stated existing paved
areas.
II 1. Different types of construction.

51
Extra over for 5.36 The items for extra over for reinstatement of existing carriageways, footways
reinstatement of and paved areas shall, in accordance with General Preambles paragraph 2,
existing include for:
carriageways, etc.
Item coverage (a) grading, mixing, depositing, spreading, laying and compacting all
materials, tack coats, forming and sealing of joints, formwork,
reinforcement, curing and protecting;
(b) cutting of blocks around manholes and the like;
(c) making good overbreak, including matching with existing and
cutting back to expose reinforcement for bonding;
(d) bedding, jointing, cutting and replacing blocks, kerbs, edgings,
channels, barriers and fences;
(e) forming surfaces to match existing finishes, levels and falls;
(f) replacing street furniture, road studs and road markings;
(g) completion of formation;
(h) saw-cutting and cutting through reinforcement
.
ADJUSTMENT OF LEVEL OF COVERS TO EXISTING

MANHOLES AND OTHER CHAMBERS
(i) raise existing cover, lower existing cover .............................number.
Itemisation 5.38 Separate items shall be provided for adjustment of level of covers to existing
manholes and other chambers in accordance with General Principles paragraphs
3 and 4 and the following :
Group Feature
I 1. Raise level of cover.

2. Lower level of cover.
II 1. Different types of manholes or other chamber.
III 1. Not exceeding 250 mm.

2. Exceeding 250 mm but not exceeding 500 mm and so on in
steps of 250 mm.
52
Adjustment of 5.39 The items for the adjustment of the level of covers to existing manholes and
level of covers to other chambers shall, in accordance with General Preambles paragraph 2,
existing include for :
manholes etc.
Item coverage (a) taking up and storing covers and frames;

(b) excavation in any material, breaking out, the provision of materials
and construction of the manhole or other chamber to new level,
including extending or cutting steel bar reinforcement, step irons
and ladders;
(c) taking covers and frames from store, and reinstallation;
(d) backfilling and compaction;
(e) disposal of surplus excavated material;
(f) making good surrounding surfaces;
(g) maintaining existing flow.
DRAINAGE AND DUCTS IN STRUCTURES

(i) drainage in structures, ducts in structures ..................................item.
Itemisation 5.41 Separate items shall be provided for drainage and ducts in structures in
Group Feature
I 1. Drainage.
2. Ducts.
II 1. Different structures or parts of structures.
Drainage and 5.42 The items for drainage and ducts in structures shall, in accordance with General
ducts in Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
structures
Item coverage (a) building into, fixing to or forming in the structure manholes,
gullies, other chambers, drawpits, junction boxes and the like,
including formwork, reinforcement and covers;
(b) building into or fixing to the structure pipework, gutters, ducts and
the like, including fittings, brackets and hangers, and removing
protective coating from pipes to be built in;
(c) additional flexible joints in pipes adjacent to outside face of
structure;
(d) draw wires in ducts;
(e) casting in fixtures for lighting and telephone facilities;
(f) making good protective treatments;
(g) temporary sealing to ends of pipes built into structures and
subsequent removal.
53
DRAINAGE LAYERS
(i) drainage layers ................................................................cubic metre.
Itemisation 5.44 Separate items shall be provided for drainage layers in accordance with General
Group Feature
I 1. Different types of drainage layers.
Drainage layers 5.45 The items for drainage layers shall, in accordance with General Preambles
Item coverage (a) compaction and bringing up in advance of the backfill;

(b) formwork.
GRANULAR FILTERS
(i) granular filters ................................................................cubic metre.
Itemisation 5.47 Separate items shall be provided for granular filters in accordance with General
Group Feature
I 1. Different types of granular filters.
Granular filters 5.48 The items for granular filters shall, in accordance with General Preambles
Item coverage (a) compaction and bringing up in advance of the backfill.
GEOTEXTILE FILTER
(i) geotextile filter ..............................................................square metre.

54
Measurement 5.50 The measurement shall be the area of the surface to which the geotextile filter is
applied.
Itemisation 5.51 Separate items shall be provided for geotextile filter in accordance with General
Group Feature
I 1. Different types of geotextile filter.
Geotextile filter 5.52 The items for geotextile filter shall, in accordance with General Preambles
Item coverage (a) preparation of the surface to receive the geotextile filter;
(b) cutting, lapping and jointing;
(c) recording and supplying records to the Engineer.
FILLING AND SEALING DISUSED MANHOLES AND

OTHER CHAMBERS
(i) filling and sealing disused manholes, filling and sealing other stated
chambers ...............................................................................number.
Measurement 5.54 The measurement shall be the number of disused manholes and other chambers
filled and sealed.
Itemisation 5.55 Separate items shall be provided for the filling and sealing of disused manholes
and other chambers in accordance with General Principles paragraphs 3 and 4
and the following :
Group Feature
I 1. Filling and sealing disused manholes.

2. Filling and sealing other stated chambers.
II 1. Different stated dimensions.
III 1. Different types of filling material.

55
Filling and 5.56 The items for filling and sealing of disused manholes and other chambers shall,
sealing of disused in accordance with General Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
manholes, etc.
Item coverage (a) excavation in any material, partial demolition and disposal of all
surplus material off site;
(b) cleaning out and keeping free of water;
(c) removing covers and frames;
(d) sealing ends of pipes connecting to manhole or chamber;
(e) backfilling with material from any source and compaction.
FILLING AND SEALING DISUSED PIPES

(i) filling and sealing disused pipes ....................................linear metre.
Measurement 5.58 The measurement of filling and sealing disused pipes shall be the summed
length of the categories described. Length shall be measured along the
centreline between the following terminations :
(i) the internal face of manhole or other chamber, gully or headwall;

(ii) the intersection of the centrelines of the pipes at pipe junctions;
(iii) the position of the terminations shown on the Drawings.
Itemisation 5.59 Separate items shall be provided for filling and sealing disused pipes in
Group Feature
I 1. Filling and sealing disused pipes.
II 1. Different diameters.
III 1. Different types of fill material.
Filling and 5.60 The items for filling and sealing disused pipes shall, in accordance with General
sealing disused Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
pipes
Item coverage (a) locating disused pipes;

(c) cleaning out and keeping free from water;
(d) sealing ends of pipes;
(e) backfilling with material from any source and compaction;
(f) disposal of surplus excavated material.
56
CLOSED CIRCUIT TELEVISION INSPECTION OF

PIPELINES
(i) establishment of inspection equipment ......................................item.

(ii) closed circuit television inspection of
pipelines .........................................................................linear metre.
Itemisation 5.62 Separate items shall be provided for closed circuit television inspection of
pipelines in accordance with General Principles paragraphs 3 and 4 and the
following :
Group Feature
I 1. Establishment of inspection equipment.

2. Closed circuit television inspection of pipelines.
Establishment of 5.63 The items for establishment of inspection equipment shall, in accordance with
inspection General Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
equipment
Item coverage (a) bringing inspection, recording and control equipment to the Site,
assembling and setting up, maintaining, moving as necessary and
subsequently removing equipment.
Closed circuit 5.64 The items for closed circuit television inspection of pipelines shall, in
television accordance with General Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
inspection of
pipelines
Item coverage (a) removing and replacing covers of existing manholes and other
chambers;
(b) dealing with flow in existing pipelines;
(c) taking readings, measurements, observations, photographs and
recordings of inspections, and supplying records, recordings,
photographs and report of defects found to the Engineer;
(d) films, video tape and album for photographs;
(e) carrying out inspection from both directions in a pipe, where
necessary.
57
58
SECTION 6
PIPEWORK
Notes 6.01 This section shall be used to measure pipework designed for use under pressure.
6.02 Headwall and outfall works, valve chambers, pier supports, thrust blocks and
the like shall be measured in accordance with the units of measurement,
measurements and itemisation set out in the relevant Sections for Drainage and
Ducts, Earthworks, Formwork, Steel Reinforcement, Concrete and the like.
PIPES
(i) pipes ...............................................................................linear metre.
Measurement 6.04 The measurement of pipes shall be the summed lengths of the categories
described within each depth range. Length shall be measured along the
centreline through pipe fittings, valves and joints, with tapers included under the
diameter of the larger pipe, between the following terminations :
(i) the external face of manhole or other chamber or headwall;

(ii) the intersection of the centreline of the pipes at pipe junctions;
(iii) the position of the termination indicated on the Drawings;
(iv) the point at which the depth range changes;
(v) for pipes within chambers, the external faces of the chambers.
6.05 For pipes in trenches, depths shall be the vertical measurement between the
invert level of the pipe and the following :
(i) where the invert level is below the existing ground surface - the
existing ground surface, except that where the earthworks final
surface is below the existing ground surface the measurement shall
be taken to the earthworks final surface;
(ii) where the invert is at or above the existing ground surface - the
earthworks final surface;
(iii) where a length of pipeline in or beneath areas of fill is not permitted
to be constructed until a specified minimum
level of cover is obtained, then notwithstanding paragraphs 6.05(i)
and (ii) above - to the specified minimum level of cover or the
earthworks final surface, whichever is the lower.
59
Itemisation 6.06 Separate items shall be provided for pipes in accordance with General Principles
Group Feature
I 1. Different types of pipe.
III 1. Different types of bed, surround, haunch or filling.
IV 1. In trench, depth not exceeding 1.50 m.

2. In trench, depth exceeding 1.50 m but not exceeding 2.50 m
3. In headings.
4. By jacking or thrust boring.
5. Suspended on different types of supports.
V. 1. Pipes and joints supplied by the Employer.
Pipes 6.07 The items for pipes shall, in accordance with General Preambles paragraph 2,
include for :
(b) excavation in any material except rock and artificial hard material;
(c) access shafts to headings and their subsequent reinstatement;
(d) thrust pits and thrust blocks for pipe jacking, including additional
excavation and removal and reinstatement;
(e) taking delivery of materials supplied by the Employer and
transporting to Site and/or point of use;
(f) completion of formation;
(g) laying and bedding pipes;
(h) anticorrosion tape;
(i) inspecting pipes and joints immediately before and immediately
after pipelaying and repairing damage;
(j) fixings, hangers and the like;
(k) laying and compacting pipe bedding, haunching and surround
materials;
(l) polyethylene sheeting or blinding layer;
(m) movement joints to concrete beds, haunches and surrounds and
compressible padding between pipes and supports;
(n) formwork;
(o) reinforcement;
(p) backfilling with special fill material and compaction;
(q) reinstatement of topsoil and turf;
(r) disposal of surplus excavated material;
60
(s) recording, staking and labelling of junctions and terminations,

chainages and levels;
(t) internal and external protection, including repairing internal and
external protection at joints and damaged areas;
(u) painting;
(v) temporary stoppers to ends of pipes already laid;
(w) cleansing and sterilisation, including taking delivery of water and
chemicals supplied by the Employer, transporting to Site and/or
point of use and draining on completion;
(x) competency tests for welders;
(y) stripping external protection where mild steel pipes are encased in
concrete.
VALVES AND PIPE FITTINGS

(i) extra over for valves, bends, junctions, tees, tapers,

special fittings and other stated fittings ...............................number.
Measurement 6.09 Gussetted bends in steel pipes shall be measured as follows :
6° and less - included in measurement for pipe.

Over 6° up to 30° - measured as 30° bend.
Itemisation 6.10 Separate items shall be provided for valves and pipe fittings in accordance with
Group Feature
I 1. Extra over for valves.

2. Extra over for bends.
3. Extra over for junctions.
4. Extra over for tees.
5. Extra over for tapers.
6. Extra over for special fittings.
7. Extra over for other stated fittings.

61
Group Feature
IV. 1. Valves, fittings, joints and materials supplied by the

Employer.
Extra over for 6.11 The items for extra over for valves, junctions, tees, tapers, special fittings and
valves and stated other stated fittings shall, in accordance with General Preambles paragraph 2,
fittings include for :
Item coverage (a) taking delivery of materials supplied by the Employer and
(b) cutting, preparation, fabrication and assembly, including extension
keys and clamps for valves;
(c) inspecting valves and fittings immediately before and immediately
after installation and repairing damage;
(d) internal and external protection;
(e) stripping and making good internal and external protection;
(f) painting.
JOINTS TO NEW PIPES, VALVES AND FITTINGS AND

CONNECTIONS TO EXISTING PIPES, VALVES AND
EQUIPMENT
(i) joints and connections ...........................................................number.
Measurement 6.13 The measurement of joints shall be for the complete joint installed in the
pipeline.
Itemisation 6.14 Separate items shall be provided for joints and connections in accordance with
Group Feature
I 1. Joints.
2. Connections to existing pipes, valves or equipment.
62
Group Feature
IV. 1. Joints and accessories supplied by the Employer.
Joints and 6.15 The items for joints and connections shall, in accordance with General
connections Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
Item coverage (a) taking delivery of materials supplied by the Employer and
(b) preparation, fabrication and assembly;
(c) stripping and making good internal and external protection;
(d) cleaning insides of pipes, fittings and valves;
(e) providing ventilation, equipment and facilities for inspecting inside
pipes;
(f) internal and external protection;
(g) painting;
(h) locating existing pipes;
(i) dealing with the existing flow;
(j) in the case of connections to existing pipes, trials to prove
connections.
CUTTING PIPES
(i) cutting pipes ..........................................................................number.
Measurement 6.17 Cutting pipes for fabricating fittings shall not be measured.
Itemisation 6.18 Separate items shall be provided for cutting pipes in accordance with General
Group Feature
I 1. Cutting pipes.
II 1. Different materials.

63
Cutting pipes 6.19 The items for cutting pipes shall, in accordance with General Preambles
Item coverage (a) stripping and making good internal and external protection;
(b) measuring, marking and cutting pipes straight or to any angle;
(c) preparing cut ends of pipes for welding or jointing.
EXCAVATION IN ROCK AND ARTIFICIAL HARD

MATERIAL
(i) extra over for excavation in rock, extra over for excavation in
artificial hard material ....................................................cubic metre.
Measurement 6.21 The measurement shall be the volume of the voids formed by the removal of the
rock and artificial hard material within the widths, lengths and depths required
in the Contract for pipework.
Itemisation 6.22 Separate items shall be provided for excavation in rock and artificial hard
material in accordance with General Principles paragraphs 3 and 4 and the
following :
Group Feature
I 1. Extra over for excavation in rock, blasting permitted.

2. Extra over for excavation in rock, blasting not permitted.
permitted.
not permitted.
Extra over for 6.23 The items for extra over for excavation in rock and artificial hard material shall,
excavation in in accordance with General Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
rock, etc.
Item coverage (a) saw-cutting and cutting through reinforcement;

(b) trimming;
(c) making good overbreak;
(d) in the case of blasting being permitted, blasting trials, measurement
and recording of vibrations and supplying copy of records to the
64


voids ...............................................................................cubic metre.
spot or void ordered by the Engineer to be excavated and/or filled.
Group Feature


Excavation of 6.27 The items for excavation of soft spots shall, in accordance with General
Filling of soft 6.28 The items for filling of soft spots and other voids shall, in accordance with
spots and other General Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
voids

(b) formwork.

Measurement 6.30 Measurement shall be the area of face ordered by the Engineer to be left with
supports in position.
65
Group Feature
I 1. Different types of supports.
II 1. Left in pit or trench.

2. Left in heading.
Item coverage (a) working around supports during backfilling.
REINSTATEMENT OF EXISTING CARRIAGEWAYS,

FOOTWAYS AND PAVED AREAS
(i) extra over for reinstatement of existing carriageways, extra

over for reinstatement of existing footways, extra over for
reinstatement of other stated existing paved
areas ..............................................................................square metre.
Measurement 6.34 The measurement shall be the area reinstated within the limits of excavation as
required by the Contract.
Itemisation 6.35 Separate items shall be provided for reinstatement of existing carriageways,
footways and paved areas in accordance with General Principles paragraphs 3
and 4 and the following :
Group Feature
I 1. Extra over for reinstatement of existing carriageways.

2. Extra over for reinstatement of existing footways.
3. Extra over for reinstatement of other stated existing paved
areas.

66
Extra over for 6.36 The items for extra over for reinstatement of existing carriageways, footways
reinstatement of and paved areas shall, in accordance with General Preambles paragraph 2,
existing include for:
carriageways, etc.
Item coverage (a) grading, mixing, depositing, spreading, laying and compacting all
materials, tack coats, forming and sealing joints, formwork,
reinforcement, curing and protecting;
(b) cutting of blocks around manholes and the like;
(c) making good overbreak, including matching with existing and
cutting back to expose reinforcement for bonding;
(d) bedding, jointing, cutting and replacing blocks, kerbs, edgings,
channels, barriers and fences;
(e) forming surfaces to match existing finishes, levels and falls;
(f) replacing street furniture, road studs and road markings;
(g) completion of formation;
(h) saw-cutting and cutting through reinforcement.

67
68
SECTION 7
EARTHWORKS
Notes 7.01 For the purpose of this Section, it shall be assumed that one cubic metre of
material to be excavated forms one cubic metre of compacted fill material, and
no allowance shall be made in the measurement for bulking and shrinkage.
7.02 No account shall be taken of excavated material arising from the Works
measured in accordance with Sections other than this Section of the Method of
Measurement.
7.03 Any additional fill material, deposition and compaction required due to
settlement of an area of fill shall be measured only when this occurs after
completion of the deposition and compaction of fill material to the lines and
levels in the manner described by the Contract.
EXCAVATION
(i) excavation .......................................................................cubic metre.
Measurement 7.05 The measurement of general excavation shall be the volume of the void formed
by the excavation to the lines and levels shown on the Drawings or described in
the Contract.
7.06 The measurement of excavation for structures and foundations shall be the
volume which is to be occupied by the structure or foundation, plus any
additional volume vertically above any part of the structure or foundation
measured up to existing ground surface or earthworks final surface, whichever is
the lower. In the case of structures or foundations constructed in fill material,
no measurement will be made.
7.07 The total volume of excavation for any one structure or foundation shall be
assigned to the item with a depth range within which its maximum depth falls.
Each bay of structure or foundation between consecutive movement joints shall be
taken as a structure or foundation for measuring the volume of excavation.
Itemisation 7.08 Separate items shall be provided for excavation in accordance with General
69
Group Feature
I 1. General excavation.
2. Excavation for structures.
3. Excavation for foundations.
II 1. Material other than rock or artificial hard material.

2. Rock, blasting permitted.
3. Rock, blasting not permitted.
4. Artificial hard material, blasting permitted.
5. Artificial hard material, blasting not permitted.
III 1. Structure maximum depth not exceeding 3.00 m.

2. Structure maximum depth exceeding 3.00 m but not exceeding
6.00 m and so on in steps of 3.00 m.
3. Foundation maximum depth not exceeding 3.00 m.
4. Foundation maximum depth exceeding 3.00 m but not
exceeding 6.00 m and so on in steps of 3.00 m.
Excavation of 7.09 The items for excavation of material other than rock or artificial hard material
material, etc. shall, in accordance with General Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
Item coverage (a) loosening or breaking up material before or in the process of

excavation;
(b) multiple handling of excavated material;
(c) loading into transport;
(d) the use of material for the protection of the sub-grade and its
subsequent removal;
(e) forming and trimming side slopes, benching and berms, or in the
case of structures or foundations, trimming the bottom and sides of
excavation;
(f) excavating around and between piles;
(g) additional excavation the Contractor may require for working space,
timbering, formwork or other temporary works and its subsequent
backfilling, compaction and reinstatement;
(h) dealing with water in watercourses;.
(i) carrying out excavation by hand adjacent to utilities that are known,
proven or suspected to exist;
(j) carrying out excavations next to structures by hand;
(k) excavating and replacing material not stated in the Contract to be
excavated but which has been allowed to deteriorate;
(l) completion of formations and earthworks final surfaces.
Excavation in 7.10 The items for excavation in rock and artificial hard material shall, in accordance
rock, etc. with General Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
70
Item coverage (a) loosening or breaking up by blasting or other means, material

before or in the process of excavation;
(b) saw cutting and cutting through reinforcement;
(c) multiple handling of excavated material;
(d) loading into transport;
(e) the use of material for the protection of the sub-grade and its
subsequent removal;
(f) overbreak and making good;
(g) forming and trimming side slopes, benching and berms, or in the
case of structures or foundations, trimming the bottom and sides of
excavation and clearing away loose rock;
(h) excavating around and between piles;
(i) additional excavation the Contractor may require for working
space, timbering, formwork or other temporary works and its
subsequent backfilling, compaction and reinstatement;
(j) dealing with water in watercourses;
(k) excavating and replacing material not stated in the Contract to be
excavated but which has been allowed to deteriorate;
(l) completion of formations and earthworks final surfaces;
(m) in the case of blasting being permitted, blasting trials, measurement
and recording of vibrations and supplying copy of the records to the
DEPOSITION OF FILL MATERIAL

(i) deposition of fill material ...............................................cubic metre.
Measurement 7.12 The measurement of deposition of fill material shall be the volume of
compacted fill material calculated in accordance with paragraphs 7.26 to 7.28
inclusive, less the volume of imported fill material calculated in accordance with
paragraph 7.21.
7.13 Deposition of rock fill material shall only be separately measured where rock fill
material is specifically shown on the Drawings.
Itemisation 7.14 Separate items shall be provided for deposition of fill material in accordance
Group Feature
I 1. Deposition.
71
Group Feature

5. Rock fill material.
6. Other stated type of fill material.
III 1. In embankments.
2. In platforms.
3. In slopes.
4. In intermediate areas of fill.
5. Above foundations.
6. Adjacent to structures.
7. Other stated locations.
Deposition of fill 7.15 The items for deposition of fill material shall, in accordance with General
material Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
Item coverage (a) selecting materials;

(b) haulage;
(c) making good or replacing material which is allowed to become
unsuitable for use in the permanent works;
(d) breaking down material necessary to comply with the requirements
of fill;
(e) processing and mixing materials to make them suitable for use as
fill material;
(f) replacing excavated material required for use in the permanent
works as fill material which has been removed from Site or used for
other purposes;
(g) mechanical or chemical treatment of materials;
(h) adjustment and control of moisture content;
(i) layering or deposition in locations indicated;
(j) multiple handling of materials;
(k) complying with the requirements for the equalisation of earth
pressure or the sequence or rate of deposition;
(l) excavation, deposition and compaction of benches;
(m) depositing filling material to slope away from vertical drainage
layers and providing temporary drainage to prevent surface water
from entering such drainage layers;
(n) overfilling of areas of fill and subsequent cutting back;
(o) trimming and shaping to required levels and contours;
(p) the use of material for the protection of the sub-grade and its
subsequent removal;
(q) preparation of surface;
(r) imported fill material and/or deposition of fill material lost by
settlement of or penetration into the underlying material;
(s) in the case of rock fill material, blinding the final surface with fine
fill material;
72
(t) completion of earthworks final surfaces.
DISPOSAL OF MATERIAL
(i) disposal of material ........................................................cubic metre.
Measurement 7.17 The measurement of the disposal of material shall be the volume of material
excavated from within the Site (including rock and artificial hard material)
measured in this Section, less the volume of compacted fill material calculated
in accordance with paragraphs 7.26 to 7.28 inclusive (after deduction of the
volume of imported fill material calculated in accordance with paragraph 7.21),
less the volume of material calculated in accordance with paragraph 17.08.
Itemisation 7.18 Separate items shall be provided for disposal of material in accordance with
Group Feature
I 1. Disposal of material.
II 1. In tips provided by the Contractor.

2. In tips provided by the Employer.
Disposal of 7.19 The items for disposal of material shall in accordance with General Preambles
material paragraph 2 include for :
Item coverage (a) haulage and deposition in tips off Site;

(b) multiple handling of material;
(c) allowing for deposition in lieu of disposal as replacement of the loss
of fill material resulting from settlement of, or penetration into, the
underlying material;
(d) credit value of material which becomes the property of the
Contractor.
IMPORTED FILL MATERIAL
(i) imported fill material ......................................................cubic metre.
Measurement 7.21 The measurement of each type of imported fill material shall be the volume of
each type of compacted fill material calculated in accordance with paragraphs
7.26 to 7.28 inclusive, less the volume of each type of fill material excavated
from within the Site measured in this Section.
73
7.22 Imported rock fill material shall only be separately measured where rock fill
material is specifically shown on the Drawings.
Itemisation 7.23 Separate items shall be provided for imported fill material in accordance with
Group Feature
I 1. Imported general fill material.

2. Imported fine fill material.
3. Imported granular fill material.
4. Imported special fill material.
5. Imported rock fill material.
6. Other stated types of imported fill material.
II 1. In embankments.
2. In platforms.
3. In slopes.
III 1. Provided by the Contractor.

2. Provided and delivered by others.
3. Provided by others, collected by the Contractor from stated
location.
Imported fill 7.24 The items for imported fill material shall, in accordance with General Preambles
material paragraph 2, include for :
Item coverage (a) haulage;

(b) layering or depositing in locations indicated on the Drawings;
(c) complying with requirements for the equalisation of earth pressure
or the sequence or rate of deposition;
(d) adjustment and control of moisture content;
(e) excavation, deposition and compaction in benches;
(f) depositing fill material to slope away from any vertical drainage
layer and providing temporary drainage to prevent surface water
from entering such drainage layer;
(g) overfilling of areas of fill and subsequent removal;
(h) trimming and shaping to required levels and contours;
(i) the use of material for the protection of the sub-grade and its
subsequent removal;
(j) imported fill material to replace fill material lost by settlement of or
penetration into the underlying material;
(k) making good or replacing material which is allowed to become
unsuitable for use in the permanent works;
74
(l) taking delivery of fill material;

(m) completion of earthworks final surfaces.
COMPACTION OF FILL MATERIAL

(i) compaction of fill material .............................................cubic metre.
Measurement 7.26 The measurement of compaction of fill material in embankments, platforms,

slopes and intermediate areas of fill shall be the volume formed or void filled up
to earthworks final surface from existing ground surface together with the filling
of any void the excavation of which has been measured in accordance with
paragraph 7.05 of this Section.
7.27 The measurement of compaction of fill material above foundations shall be the
volume of the void excavated measured in accordance with paragraph 7.06 less
the volume of the foundation and structure within that void.
7.28 The measurement of compaction of fill material adjacent to structures shall be

the volume filled to the lines and levels as shown on the Drawings, or if no such
indication is made on the Drawings, within 3.00 metres of any structure, but not
below any structure and excluding that defined as being above foundations. It
shall also exclude that required for backfilling necessitated by excavation for
working space and overbreak.
7.29 Compaction of rock fill material shall only be separately measured where rock
fill material is specifically shown on the Drawings.
Itemisation 7.30 Separate items shall be provided for compaction in accordance with General
Group Feature
I 1. Compaction.

6. Other stated types of fill material.
III 1. In embankments.
2. In platforms.
3. In slopes.
75
Compaction of 7.31 The items for compaction of fill material shall, in accordance with General
fill material Preambles paragraph 2, include for:
Item coverage (a) spreading and levelling;

(b) blinding;
(c) adjustment and control of moisture content;
(d) forming and trimming of side slopes, benchings and berms;
(e) complying with requirements for the equalisation of earth pressure;
(f) providing and maintaining telltales for the measurement of
settlement;
(g) any trials by the Contractor to demonstrate compaction methods
different from those stated in the Contract. Fill materials compacted
by such trials and accepted as part of the Works will be included in
the measurement of the Works;
(h) compaction of overfilling of areas of fill;
(i) compaction of additional fill material to replace fill material lost by
settlement of, or penetration into, the underlying material;
(j) protection of formations;
(k) completion of formations and earthworks final surfaces;
(l) in the case of rock fill material blinding the final surface with fine
fill material.
PRESPLITTING AND SMOOTH BLASTING

(i) presplitting, smooth blasting ........................................square metre.
Measurement 7.33 Presplitting and smooth blasting shall only be measured where specified. The
measurement of presplitting and smooth blasting shall be the surface area of the
formed face. No allowance shall be made for irregularities, depressions or other
local peculiarities.
Itemisation 7.34 Separate items shall be provided for presplitting and smooth blasting in
Group Feature
I 1. Presplitting.
2. Smooth blasting.
Presplitting and 7.35 The items for presplitting and smooth blasting shall, in accordance with General
smooth blasting Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
Item coverage (a) blasting trials;

76
(b) preparatory work for blasting;

(c) notifying the Engineer when explosives are to be brought onto Site;
(d) screens and other protective covers, and subsequent removal;
(e) measuring and recording vibrations, and supplying one copy of
records to the Engineer;
(f) checking and adjusting accuracy of seismographs;
(g) drilling shot holes at the appropriate position and inclination;
(h) charging, stemming and blasting;
(i) trimming.

voids ............................................................................. cubic metre.
spot or void ordered by the Engineer to be excavated and/or filled. The
measurement shall be made separately from the main excavation only where the
volume :
(a) below structures or foundations is less than 25.00 cubic metres;

(b) below earthworks final surface in general excavation, or existing
ground surface under areas of fill, is less than 100.00 cubic metres.
77
Group Feature

II 1. Below general excavation or areas of fill.

2. Below structures.
3. Below foundations.
III 1. General fill material.

Excavation of soft 7.39 The items for excavation of soft spots shall, in accordance with General
spots Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
Filling of soft spots 7.40 The items for filling of soft spots and other voids shall, in accordance with
and other voids General Preambles paragraph 2, include for :

(b) formwork;
(c) completion of formations and earthworks final surfaces.
STABILISATION OF SOFT SPOTS

(i) stabilisation of soft spots ................................................cubic metre.
Measurement 7.42 The measurement of stabilisation of soft spots shall be the volume of rock fill
material ordered by the Engineer to be deposited and compacted.
7.43 The measurement of stabilisation of soft spots in intermediate areas of fill shall
only be made separately where the volume :
78
(a) below structures or foundations is less than 25.00 cubic metres;

(b) below earthworks final surface in general excavation, or existing
ground surface under areas of fill, is less than 100.00 cubic metres.
Where the limits set out in paragraph 7.43 are exceeded, the measurement shall
be made under paragraphs 7.11 to 7.15 and 7.25 to 7.31.
Itemisation 7.44 Separate items shall be provided for stabilisation of soft spots in accordance
Group Feature
I 1. Stabilisation of soft spots.
Stabilisation of 7.45 The items for stabilisation of soft spots shall, in accordance with General
Item coverage (a) deposition, spreading, levelling and compaction;

(b) trimming and shaping to required levels and contours;
(c) blinding the final surface with fine fill material;
(d) completion of formations and earthworks final surfaces.
Measurement 7.47 The measurement shall be the area of face ordered by the Engineer to be left
with supports in position.
Group Feature
I 1. Different types of supports left in excavation.
Item coverage (a) working around supports during deposition and compaction of fill
material.
79
Para. 7.50 to7.53 deleted by

80
SECTION 8
ROADS AND PAVINGS
SUB-BASE, ROADBASE AND REGULATING COURSE

(i) sub-base ..........................................................................cubic metre.

(ii) roadbase ........................................................................square metre.
(iii) regulating course ......................................................................tonne.
Measurement 8.02 The measurement of sub-base shall be the volume measured to the outlines
shown on the Drawings.
8.03 The area of roadbase shall be measured at the top surface. No deduction shall
be made for openings each not exceeding one square metre.
Itemisation 8.04 Separate items shall be provided for sub-base, roadbase and regulating course in
Group Feature
I 1. Sub-base.
2. Roadbase.
3. Regulating course.
II 1. Different types of material.
III 1. Different thicknesses of roadbase.
Sub-base, roadbase 8.05 The items for sub-base, roadbase and regulating course shall, in accordance with
and regulating General Preambles paragraph 2, include for:
course
Item coverage (a) preliminary trial areas not accepted as part of the permanent works;
(b) trials by the Contractor to demonstrate compaction methods
different from those stated in the Contract;
(c) materials and attendance for sampling and testing carried out by the
Engineer;
(d) grading, measuring, mixing and deposition of materials;
(e) spreading and compaction of deposited material in layers;
(f) making joints;
(g) curing cement treated materials;
81
(h) edge support;

(i) protection and maintenance of surfaces;
(j) shaping to cambers, falls and crowns;
(k) sealing surfaces, priming and tack coats.
FLEXIBLE SURFACING
(i) base course, wearing course, friction course, surface

dressing .........................................................................square metre.
Measurement 8.07 The area of flexible surfacing shall be measured at the top surface. No deduction
shall be made for openings each not exceeding one square metre.
Itemisation 8.08 Separate items shall be provided for flexible surfacing in accordance with
Group Feature
I 1. Base course.
2. Wearing course.
3. Friction course.
4. Surface dressing.
II 1. Different types of material.
III 1. Different thicknesses.

2. Different rates of spread.
Flexible surfacing 8.09 The items for flexible surfacing shall, in accordance with General Preambles
Item coverage (a) preliminary trial areas not accepted as part of the permanent works;
(b) trial mixes;
(c) preparation and cleaning of surfaces to receive bituminous
materials;
(d) grading, measuring, mixing and deposition of materials;
(e) spreading and compaction of deposited material in layers;
(f) sealing surfaces, priming and tack coats;
(g) making joints;
(h) edge support;
82
(i) protection of kerbs, masking and unmasking of drainage channels,

manhole and catchpit covers, gully gratings, expansion joints, road
studs and road markings, and obtaining clean lines;
(j) finishing up to abutting surfaces;
(k) filling core holes and compacting;
(l) protection and maintenance of surface;
(m) shaping to cambers, falls and crowns;
(n) removing excess chippings.
SCARIFYING AND MILLING
(i) scarifying, milling .........................................................square metre.
Measurement 8.11 The area of scarifying and milling shall be measured at the top surface. No
deduction shall be made for openings each not exceeding one square metre.
Itemisation 8.12 Separate items shall be provided for scarifying and milling in accordance with
Group Feature
I 1. Scarifying.
2. Milling.
II 1. Depth not exceeding 50 mm.

2. Depth exceeding 50 mm but not exceeding 100 mm and so on
in steps of 50 mm.
III 1. Disposal of material.

2. Store material.
3. Deliver material to stated locations.
Scarifying and 8.13 The items for scarifying and milling shall, in accordance with General
milling Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
Item coverage (a) protecting kerbs, channels, manhole and catch pit covers, gully
gratings and expansion joints;
(b) loading into transport;
(c) finishing up to abutting surfaces.
83
CONCRETE PAVEMENT
(i) concrete carriageway, concrete runway, other stated paved

concrete areas ...............................................................square metre.
Measurement 8.15 The area of concrete pavement shall be measured at the top surface. No
Itemisation 8.16 Separate items shall be provided for concrete pavement in accordance with
Group Feature
I 1. Concrete carriageway.
2. Concrete runway.
3. Other stated paved concrete areas.
II 1. Reinforced.
2. Unreinforced.
III 1. Different grades of concrete.
IV 1. Different thicknesses.
Concrete pavement 8.17 The items for concrete pavement shall, in accordance with General Preambles
Item coverage (a) preliminary trial lengths not accepted as part of the permanent
works;
(b) trial mixes;
(c) waterproof membrane underlay;
(d) longitudinal, expansion, contraction, warping, construction and
isolation joints;
(e) formwork;
(f) mixing, depositing, spreading, compaction and finishing;
(g) reinforcement;
(h) concrete in infill slabs at covers, frames and other hardware;
(i) forming or sawing grooves, cleaning, caulking, temporary and
permanent sealing of joints;
(j) surface texturing, curing and protection;
(k) forming recesses, openings and bays;
(l) shaping to falls;
(m) finishing up to abutting surfaces;
(n) preparing surfaces including removing existing concrete and joints;
(o) protection of completed pavement.
84
PRECAST CONCRETE PAVING SLABS AND

INTERLOCKING BLOCKS
(i) precast concrete paving slabs, precast concrete interlocking

blocks ............................................................................square metre.
Measurement 8.19 The area of precast concrete paving slabs and precast concrete interlocking
blocks shall be measured at the top surface. No deduction shall be made for
openings each not exceeding one square metre.
Itemisation 8.20 Separate items shall be provided for precast concrete paving slabs and
interlocking blocks in accordance with General Principles paragraphs 3 and 4
and the following :
Group Feature
I 1. Precast concrete paving slabs.

2. Precast concrete interlocking blocks.
II 1. Different grades of concrete.
III 1. Different types of construction.
Precast concrete 8.21 The items for precast concrete paving slabs and interlocking blocks shall, in
paving slabs, etc. accordance with General Preambles paragraph 2, include for :-
Item coverage (a) laying and compacting sand bed;

(b) laying, bedding and compacting slabs or blocks, including all
cutting;
(c) filling and compacting joints;
(d) mortar or concrete seal against abutting surfaces;
(e) removing and replacing damaged units;
(f) taking measures to prevent the ingress of water during laying,
bedding and compaction;
(g) protection of formation.
85
FOOTWAYS, CYCLETRACKS AND PAVED AREAS

(i) footways, cycletracks, paved areas ...............................square metre.
Measurement 8.23 The area of footways, cycletracks and paved areas shall be measured at the top
surface. No deduction shall be made for openings each not exceeding one
square metre.
Itemisation 8.24 Separate items shall be provided for footways, cycletracks and paved areas in
Group Feature
I 1. Footways.
2. Cycletracks.
3. Paved areas.
IV 1. Different thicknesses of sub-base of stated types.
Footways, 8.25 The items for footways, cycletracks and paved areas shall, in accordance with
cycletracks and General Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
paved areas
Item coverage (a) laying and compaction of sub-base;

(b) waterproof membrane underlay;
(c) grading, measuring, mixing, deposition, spreading and compaction;
(d) protection of kerbs, masking and unmasking of drainage channels,
manholes and catchpit covers, gully gratings and expansion joints;
(e) sealing surfaces, priming and tack coats;
(f) formwork;
(g) reinforcement;
(h) bedding, jointing and pointing paving slabs or interlocking blocks
including all cutting;
(i) making, filling and sealing joints;
(j) finishing up to abutting surfaces;
(k) surface texturing, curing and protection.
86
KERBS, EDGINGS AND QUADRANTS

(i) kerbs, edgings. ...............................................................linear metre.

(ii) quadrants, special kerb sections ............................................number.
Itemisation 8.27 Separate items shall be provided for kerbs, edgings and special kerb sections in
Group Feature
I 1. Kerbs.
2. Edgings.
3. Quadrants.
4. Special kerb sections.
IV 1. Straight or curved not less than 10.00 m radius.

2. Curved less than 10.00 m radius.
Kerbs, edgings, 8.28 The items for kerbs, edgings, quadrants and special kerb sections shall, in
quadrants, etc. accordance with General Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
Item coverage (a) trial mixes;

(d) formwork;
(e) reinforcement;
(f) foundation and backing;
(g) bedding, jointing, pointing and cutting;
(h) making, filling and sealing joints;
(i) keying of surfaces and tack coats;
(j) surface texturing, curing and protection;
(k) building in gully grating and frames and overflow weirs;
(l) reinstating and finishing to abutting surfaces.
87
CONCRETE PROFILE BARRIERS

(i) concrete profile barriers .................................................linear metre.

(ii) end sections to concrete profile barrier, special sections to concrete
profile barrier .......................................................................number.
Measurement 8.30 The measurement of concrete profile barriers shall be the length along their
centreline.
Itemisation 8.31 Separate items shall be provided for concrete profile barriers in accordance with
Group Feature
I 1. Concrete profile barriers.

2. End sections to concrete profile barrier.
3. Special sections to concrete profile barrier.
II 1. Different types or sizes.
Concrete profile 8.32 The items for concrete profile barriers shall, in accordance with General
barriers Preambles paragraph 2, include for :

(b) preliminary trial lengths not accepted as part of the permanent
works;
(c) materials and attendance for sampling and testing carried out by the
Engineer;
(d) foundation and backing;
(e) formwork;
(f) reinforcement;
(g) lifting devices;
(h) forming sockets, holes, grooves, rebates, recesses and overflow
slots;
(i) surface texturing, curing and protection;
(j) hoisting and fixing in position;
(k) bedding, jointing and pointing;
(l) aligning units and adjusting levels;
(m) joint filler, sealer and bond breaker;
(n) service ducts and draw wires;
(o) drain pipes;
(p) filling and compaction to core;
(q) concrete topping;
(r) lamp standard sockets;
(s) cover plates.
88
TRAFFIC SIGNS, TRAFFIC SIGN SUPPORTS,

BOLLARDS AND MARKER POSTS
(i) traffic signs, traffic sign supports, bollards, marker

posts ......................................................................................number.
Itemisation 8.34 Separate items shall be provided for traffic signs, traffic sign supports, bollards
and marker posts in accordance with General Principles paragraphs 3 and 4 and
the following :
Group Feature
I 1. Traffic signs.
2. Traffic sign supports.
3. Bollards.
4. Marker posts.
II 1. Internally illuminated.
2. Externally illuminated.
3. Non-illuminated.
4. Retroreflective.
5. Non-retroreflective.

IV 1. Different supports.
V 1. Traffic signs supplied by the Employer.

2. Traffic sign supports supplied by the Employer.
Traffic signs, etc. 8.35 The items for traffic signs, traffic sign supports, bollards and marker posts shall,
in accordance with General Preambles paragraph 2, include for :

(d) formwork;
(e) reinforcement;
(f) concrete;
(g) steelwork, backing plates, light spill screens and the like;
(h) fixings and fittings;
(i) bolts, washers, nuts, screws, rivets and the like;
89
(j) electrical installation and fittings;

(k) protective treatment and painting;
(l) reinstatement of pavements and surrounding surfaces;
(m) temporary screening of signs.
SIGN GANTRIES
(i) sign gantries ..........................................................................number.
Itemisation 8.37 Separate items shall be provided for sign gantries in accordance with General
Group Feature
I 1. Different types of sign gantries.
Sign gantries 8.38 The items for sign gantries shall, in accordance with General Preambles

(d) formwork;
(e) reinforcement;
(f) concrete;
(g) fabrication of steelwork;
(h) erection of steelwork;
(i) protective treatment and painting;
(j) reinstatement of pavements and surrounding surfaces;
(k) temporary screening of signs.
ROAD STUDS
(i) road studs ..............................................................................number.
Itemisation 8.40 Separate items shall be provided for road studs in accordance with General
90
Group Feature
I 1. Different types of road studs.

2. Different sizes of road studs.
Road studs 8.41 The items for road studs shall, in accordance with General Preambles paragraph
2, include for :
Item coverage (a) forming holes and disposal of surplus material;

(b) cleaning and preparing surfaces;
(c) adhesives and grout;
(d) reinstatement of pavements and surrounding surfaces.
ROAD MARKINGS
(i) lines ................................................................................linear metre.

(ii) letters, characters, figures, symbols, arrows and the
like .........................................................................................number.
Measurement 8.43 The measurement of intermittent lines shall include unmarked intervals. Double
lines shall be measured as two single lines. Ancillary lines shall include lines
forming hatched areas, chevrons, zig-zag lines and boxed areas including their
enclosing lines.
Itemisation 8.44 Separate items shall be provided for road markings in accordance with General
Group Feature
I 1. Continuous lines.
2. Intermittent lines.
3. Ancillary lines.
4. Letters, characters, figures and symbols.
5. Arrows.
II 1. Different materials and colours.
III 1. Different lengths of marks and gaps for intermittent lines.

91
Group Feature
IV 1. Different widths of lines.

2. Different heights of letters, characters figures and symbols.
3. Different lengths of arrows.
V 1. Different types of arrows.
Road markings 8.45 The items for road markings shall, in accordance with General Preambles
Item coverage (a) cleaning and preparing surfaces;

(b) tack coat;
(c) solid glass beads.
REMOVAL OF EXISTING ROAD MARKINGS
(i) removal of lines ..............................................................linear metre.

(ii) removal of letters, characters, figures, symbols, arrows and
the like ...................................................................................number.
Measurement 8.47 The measurement of removal of intermittent lines shall include unmarked
intervals. Double lines shall be measured as two single lines. Ancillary lines
shall include lines forming hatched areas, chevrons, zig-zag lines and boxed
areas including their enclosing lines.
Itemisation 8.48 Separate items shall be provided for the removal of existing road markings in
Group Feature
I 1. Removal of continuous lines.

2. Removal of intermittent lines.
3. Removal of ancillary lines.
4. Removal of letters, characters, figures and symbols.
5. Removal of arrows.
II 1. Different lengths of marks and gaps for intermittent lines.

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Group Feature
III 1. Different widths of lines.

2. Different heights of letters, characters, figures and symbols.
3. Different lengths of arrows.
IV 1. Different types of arrows.
Removal of 8.49 The items for removing existing road markings shall, in accordance with
existing road General Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
markings
Item coverage (a) providing temporary traffic signs;

(b) protecting and making good any damage to existing surfacing.
93
94
SECTION 9
PILING WORKS
Note 9.01 Notwithstanding clauses 9.15(a) and 9.16(a), ground investigation works
including pre-drilling associated with piling shall be measured in accordance
with the units of measurement, measurements and itemisation set out in the
Section for Ground Investigation.
9.01a Proof-drilling shall be measured in accordance with the units of measurement,

measurements and itemisation set out in the Section for Testing.
PILING PLANT
(i) establishment of piling plant ......................................................item.

(ii) moving piling plant ...............................................................number.
Measurement 9.03 Establishment of piling plant shall be measured separately for each bridge or
structure.
9.04 The measurement of moving piling plant shall be the number of piles shown on
the Drawings or ordered by the Engineer. Any additional moves to suit the
Contractor's method of working shall not be measured.
9.05 Moving of piling plant shall not be measured for steel sheet piling.
Itemisation 9.06 Separate items shall be provided for piling plant in accordance with General
Group Feature
I 1. Establishment of piling plant.

2. Moving piling plant.
II 1. Piling plant for different types of pile.
III 1. Preliminary piling.

2. Main piling.
Establishment of 9.07 The items for the establishment of piling plant shall, in accordance with General
piling plant Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
95
Item coverage (a) bringing piling stagings, pile frames, drilling rigs and associated
equipment to the site of the bridge or other structure;
(b) erection of and setting up piling stagings, pile frames, drilling rigs
and associated equipment including site preparation and levelling
required for this purpose;
(c) dismantling and removal of plant and equipment.
Moving piling 9.08 The items for moving piling plant shall, in accordance with General Preambles
plant paragraph 2, include for :
Item coverage (a) moving and setting up plant and equipment at each piling position
including site preparation and levelling.
CAST-IN-SITU CONCRETE PILES

(i) pile shafts, empty bores, extra over for permanent

linings .............................................................................linear metre.
(ii) extra over for breaking out obstructions ........................cubic metre.
(iii) extra over for enlarged bases, extra over for toeing-in to
bedrock ..................................................................................number.
Measurement 9.10 The measurement of pile shafts shall be the length of the pile measured along
the axis from the specified level of the pile head to the toe of the pile shoe or
the bottom of excavation including any enlarged base as required by the
Engineer, whichever is appropriate.
9.11 Where an empty bore is specified above a pile shaft, the length classification of
the pile shaft shall be based on the overall excavated depth including the empty
bore. Empty bores shall only be measured when commencement levels are
specified and shall be the length of the empty bore from the specified level of
the pile head to the specified commencement level.
9.12 The measurement of extra over for breaking out obstructions shall be the
volume of the voids formed by the removal of rock (except bedrock), boulders,
artificial hard material and the like, which can only be removed by special plant
or explosives and which is within the specified cross section of the pile or
enlarged base.
9.13 The measurement of extra over for permanent lining shall be the length of the
permanent lining shown on the Drawings or ordered by the Engineer.
Itemisation 9.14 Separate items shall be provided for cast-in-situ concrete piles in accordance
96
Group Feature
I 1. Pile shafts.
2. Empty bores.
3. Extra over for breaking out obstructions.
4. Extra over for enlarged bases.
5. Extra over for toeing-in to bedrock.
6. Extra over for permanent linings of specified thickness.
II 1. Vertical.
2. Raking.
III 1. Blasting permitted.

2. Blasting not permitted.
IV 1. Compressed air permitted.

2. Compressed air not permitted.
V 1. Different types.
VI 1. Different materials.
VII 1. Different cross sections.
VIII 1. Pile shafts not exceeding 5.00 m in length.

2. Pile shafts exceeding 5.00 m but not exceeding 10.00 m in
length and so on in steps of 5.00 m.
IX 1. Extra over for toeing-in not exceeding 0.50 m in depth.

2. Extra over for toeing-in exceeding 0.50 m but not exceeding
1.00 m in depth and so on in steps of 0.50 m.
X 1. Preliminary piling.
2. Main piling.
Pile shafts 9.15 The items for pile shafts shall, in accordance with General Preambles paragraph
2, include for :
Item coverage (a) pre-boring and jetting;

(b) determining the positions of and exposing underground utilities
adjacent to piles before piling work commences;
(c) taking all necessary measures to minimise the settlement of ground
and adjacent structures and utilities, and to prevent the formation of
cavities in the ground resulting from piling works;
97
(d) monitoring the noise levels, vibration, ground movement and

groundwater levels, taking records and measurements and supplying
one copy to the Engineer;
(e) grouting trials;
(f) boring, augering or excavating including any casing or lining,
removing and disposing of material excavated from the bore, or
alternatively, driving casings or linings with or without pile shoes;
(g) removal of temporary casings or linings;
(h) slurry or drilling fluids and subsequent disposal;
(i) ventilation and lighting;
(j) in the case of barrette piles, provision, maintenance and removal of
guide walls and slurry heads;
(k) provision of apparatus for the inspection of pile excavation or inside
of pile casing, taking observations and maintaining the boring or
driving record of each pile and supplying one copy to the Engineer;
(l) forming the pile including grout, in-situ concrete, precast concrete
units and the like;
(m) casting in tubes for sonic testing, coring, etc.;
(n) cutting back concrete to form bond and/or trimming to required
finished level;
(o) taking all measures required due to the presence of water in the bore
or drive;
(p) taking undisturbed soil or rock samples from the bore at any level;
(q) proving founding level;
(r) temporary filling above and around the tops of piles and subsequent
removal;
(s) cleaning base of excavation and removing all loose material from
bore prior to concreting;
(t) taking all necessary measures to prevent excavated material, slurry
or boring fluids from contaminating the Site or adjacent areas, or
entering any drainage system or watercourse;
(u) test boring;
(v) submitting records of bentonite slurry and concrete, excavation
records, record of piling works and record drawings;
(w) in the case of blasting being permitted, blasting trials, explosives,
measurement and recording of vibrations and supplying copy of
records to the Engineer, checking and adjusting accuracy of
seismographs, preparatory work for blasting, notifying the Engineer
when explosives are to be brought onto the Site, screens and other
protective covers, drilling shot holes, charging, stemming and
blasting;
(x) pressure grouting of tubes for sonic testing, coring, etc.
Empty bores 9.16 The items for empty bores shall, in accordance with General Preambles

(b) determining the position of and exposing underground utilities
(e) boring, augering or excavating including any casing or lining,
98
removing and disposing of material excavated from the bore, or

alternatively, driving casings or linings with or without pile shoes;
(f) slurry or drilling fluids and subsequent disposal;
(g) ventilation and lighting;
(h) removal of temporary casings or linings;
(i) provision of apparatus for the inspection of pile excavation or inside
of pile casing, taking observations and maintaining the boring or
driving record of each pile and supplying one copy to the Engineer;
(j) taking all measures required due to the presence of water in the bore
or drive;
(k) taking undisturbed soil or rock samples from the bore at any level;
(l) temporary protection or temporary filling of empty bore;
(m) taking all necessary measures to prevent excavated material, slurry
or drilling fluids from contaminating the Site or adjacent areas, or
entering any drainage system or watercourse.
Extra over for 9.17 The items for extra over for breaking out obstructions shall, in accordance with
breaking out General Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
obstructions
Item coverage (a) provision, maintenance and removal of specialist equipment;

(b) explosives;
(c) overbreak and making good.
Extra over for 9.18 The items for extra over for enlarged bases shall, in accordance with General
enlarged bases Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
Item coverage (a) under-reaming to enlarge the base, and removing and disposing of
material excavated;
(b) placing and compaction of additional concrete or other material
required to fill or form the enlarged base;
(c) taking all measures required due to the presence of water.
Extra over for 9.19 The items for extra over for toeing-in to bedrock shall, in accordance with
toeing-in to General Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
bedrock
Item coverage (a) boring, augering, drilling or chiselling into bedrock;

(b) trimming the bottom and sides of the toeing-in, and clearing away
loose rock;
(c) overbreak and making good;
(d) provision of facilities for rock samples to be taken from the bottom
of the bore.
Extra over for 9.20 The items for extra over for permanent linings shall, in accordance with General
permanent Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
linings
Item coverage (a) fabricating;

(b) protective coatings or surface treatments;
(c) handling, pitching and installing;
(d) filling voids between linings and excavated faces.
99
REINFORCEMENT FOR CAST-IN-SITU CONCRETE

PILES
(i) bar reinforcement, helical reinforcement .................................tonne.
Measurement 9.22 The measurement of reinforcement shall include the reinforcement specified to
be cast into the pile and required to bond into the substructure.
9.23 The weight of plain bar reinforcement shall be calculated on the basis that steel
weighs 0.00785 kilogram per square millimetre of cross sectional area per linear
metre. The weight of deformed bar reinforcement shall be calculated from the
nominal rolling mass of the reinforcement. Steel bar supports to reinforcement
where shown on the Drawings shall be measured as reinforcement.
Itemisation 9.24 Separate items shall be provided for reinforcement for cast-in-situ concrete piles
Group Feature
I 1. Bar reinforcement.
2. Helical reinforcement.
II 1. Mild steel.
2. High yield steel.
3. Stainless steel.
IV 1. Bars not exceeding 12.00 m in length.

2. Bars exceeding 12.00 m but not exceeding 15.00 m in length
Reinforcement 9.25 The items for reinforcement shall, in accordance with General Preambles
Item coverage (a) cleaning, cutting and bending;

(b) tying with tying wire, tying devices or clips;
(c) welding;
(d) supports and spacers (except for steel bar supports to reinforcement
where shown on the Drawings);
(e) reinforcement connectors;
(f) protection of projecting reinforcement;
(g) lifting bars, supporting steel or lifting yokes for prefabricated
reinforcement cages.
100
PRECAST CONCRETE PILES
(i) precast concrete piles, driving precast concrete

piles ................................................................................linear metre.
(ii) stripping pile heads ...............................................................number.
Measurement 9.27 The measurement of precast concrete piles shall be the length of the pile from
the toe or tapered point to the specified cut-off level.
9.28 The measurement of driving precast concrete piles shall be the length of the pile
measured from the toe or tapered point to the existing ground surface or the
level of the underside of the pile cap (excluding any blinding layer), whichever
is the lower. Provided that where a particular level is specified from which
driving shall commence, then the measurement shall be to that specified level.
Itemisation 9.29 Separate items shall be provided for precast concrete piles in accordance with
101
Group Feature
I 1. Precast concrete piles.

2. Driving precast concrete piles.
3. Stripping pile heads.
II 1. Vertical.
2. Raking.
III 1. Different types.
IV 1. Different materials.
V 1. Different cross sections.
VI 1. Piles not exceeding 5.00 m in length.

2. Piles exceeding 5.00 m but not exceeding 10.00 m in length
VII 1. Preliminary piling.

2. Main piling.
Precast concrete 9.30 The items for precast concrete piles shall, in accordance with General Preambles
piles paragraph 2, include for :
Item coverage (a) formwork;

(b) reinforcement;
(c) concrete;
(d) pile shoes, tapered points, chamfers, prefabricated joints, joint
fittings, lifting points and reference markings;
(e) making pile joints within the precast concrete pile lengths;
(f) keeping records of each pile and submitting to the Engineer.
Driving precast 9.31 The items for driving precast concrete piles shall, in accordance with General
concrete piles Preamble paragraph 2, include for :

102

(e) handling, pitching and driving to the given set or level including
temporary supports and any necessary guide arrangements;
(f) taking observations, compilation and analysis of the record of each
pile, and supplying report to the Engineer;
(g) re-establishing and moving plant and equipment and redriving risen
piles;
(h) re-establishing and moving plant and equipment to correct displaced
piles;
(i) extracting preliminary pile.
Stripping pile 9.32 The items for stripping pile heads shall, in accordance with General Preambles
heads paragraph 2, include for :
Item coverage (a) cutting off and disposal of surplus length of pile;
(b) stripping concrete from the head to the required level and exposing
the reinforcement required for bonding into the substructure;
(c) bending the projecting reinforcement as necessary to bond into the
substructure;
(d) protective treatment;
(e) capping plates, reinforcement, infill concrete and the like.
STEEL BEARING PILES

(i) steel bearing piles, driving steel bearing

piles ................................................................................linear metre.
(ii) pile heads ..............................................................................number.
Measurement 9.34 The measurement of steel bearing piles shall be the length of the pile from the
toe or tapered point to the specified cut-off level.
9.35 The measurement of driving steel bearing piles shall be the length of the pile
measured from the toe or tapered point to the existing ground surface or the
level of the underside of the pile cap (excluding any blinding layer), whichever
is the lower. Provided that where a particular level is specified from which
driving shall commence, then the measurement shall be to that specified level.
Itemisation 9.36 Separate items shall be provided for steel bearing piles in accordance with
103
Group Feature
I 1. Steel bearing piles.

2. Driving steel bearing piles.
3. Pile heads.
II 1. Vertical.
2. Raking.
IV 1. Preliminary piling.
2. Main piling.
Steel bearing 9.37 The items for steel bearing piles shall, in accordance with General Preambles
piles paragraph 2, include for :
Item coverage (a) fabrication, pile shoes, tapered points, slinging holes and reference
markings;
(b) protective coatings and other surface treatment;
(c) jointing and welding;
(d) cutting or burning off surplus;
(e) keeping records of each pile and submitting to the Engineer.
Driving steel 9.38 The items for driving steel bearing piles shall, in accordance with General
bearing piles Preambles paragraph 2, include for :

(e) handling, pitching and driving to a given set or penetration,
including temporary supports and any necessary guide
arrangements;
(f) taking observations, compilation and analysis of the record of each
pile, and supplying report to the Engineer;
(g) re-establishing and moving plant and equipment and redriving risen
piles;
(h) re-establishing and moving plant and equipment to correct displaced
piles;
(i) strengthening of the pile to accommodate driving stresses;
(j) extracting preliminary pile.
Pile heads 9.39 The items for pile heads shall, in accordance with General Preambles paragraph
104
2, include for :
Item coverage (a) preparation of pile and capping plates;

(b) protective treatment;
(c) in the case of the heads of piles being encased in concrete, removal
of protective coating and other surface treatments.
STEEL SHEET PILING

(i) steel sheet piling, driving steel sheet piling, steel sheet piling
extensions, driving steel sheet piling
extensions .....................................................................square metre.
(ii) welding on extensions, cutting or burning off surplus, extra over for
special steel piles, extra over for driving special steel piles, extra
over for special steel pile extensions, extra over for driving special
steel pile extensions .......................................................linear metre.
(iii) forming openings ..................................................................number.
(iv) steel waling, struts and ties ......................................................tonne.
Measurement 9.41 The measurement of steel sheet piling shall be the plane (not developed)
horizontal length along the centreline of the piling multiplied by the vertical
length shown on the Drawings or ordered by the Engineer.
9.42 The measurement of driving steel sheet piling shall be the plane (not developed)
horizontal length along the centreline of the piling multiplied by the depth from
the toe to :
(a) the existing ground surface or the specified cut off level of the pile,
whichever is the lower. Provided that where a particular level is
specified from which driving shall commence, then the
measurement shall be to that specified level; or
(b) the site joint of piles to be extended provided that the site joint after
completion of driving is below the level determined in accordance
with paragraph 9.42(a).
9.43 The measurement of steel sheet piling extensions shall be the plane (not
developed) horizontal length along the centreline of the piling multiplied by the
length ordered by the Engineer.
9.44 The measurement of driving steel sheet piling extensions shall be the plane (not
developed) horizontal length along the centreline of the piling multiplied by the
depth from the site joint to the level determined in accordance with paragraph
9.42.
9.45 The measurement of welding on extensions and cutting or burning off surplus
shall be the plane (not developed) horizontal length along the centreline of the
piling.
9.46 The measurement of steel waling, struts and ties shall be the total weight of the
finished member comprising plates, rolled sections, shear connectors, stiffeners,
cleats, packs, splice plates and all fittings computed in accordance with the
relevant British Standard, with no allowance for tolerances for rolling margins
and other permissable deviations from standard weights, and excluding the
weights of weld fillets, bolts, nuts and washers, rivet heads and protective
105
coatings. No deduction shall be made for splays, notches, holes and the like
each not exceeding 0.10 square metres.
Itemisation 9.47 Separate items shall be provided for steel sheet piling in accordance with
Group Feature
I 1. Steel sheet piling.

2. Driving steel sheet piling.
3. Steel sheet piling extensions.
4. Driving steel sheet piling extensions.
5. Extra over for special steel piles.
6. Extra over for driving special steel piles.
7. Extra over for special steel pile extensions.
8. Extra over for driving special steel pile extensions.
9. Welding on extensions.
10. Cutting or burning off surplus.
11. Steel waling, struts and ties.
12. Forming openings.
III 1. Piles not exceeding 5.00 m in length.

2. Piles exceeding 5.00 m but not exceeding 10 m in length and
so on in steps of 5.00 m.
Steel sheet piling 9.48 The items for steel sheet piling, steel sheet piling extensions, extra over for
and extensions, special steel piles and extra over for special steel pile extensions shall, in
etc. accordance with General Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
Item coverage (a) fabrication, lifting holes, tapered points and reference markings;
(b) protective coatings or other surface treatment;
(c) welding joints within the steel sheet piling and special steel pile
lengths shown on the Drawings or ordered by the Engineer;
(d) forming weepholes;
(e) keeping records of each pile and submitting to the Engineer.
Driving steel 9.49 The items for driving steel sheet piling, driving steel sheet piling extensions,
sheet piling and extra over for driving special steel piles and extra over for driving special steel
extensions, etc. pile extensions shall, in accordance with General Preambles paragraph 2,
include for :
Item coverage (a) determining the position of and exposing underground utilities
adjacent to the piles before piling work commences;
(b) taking all necessary measures to minimise the settlement of ground
(c) handling, pitching and driving to a given set or penetration,
including temporary supports and any necessary guide
106
arrangements;
(d) moving and setting up plant and equipment at each pile position
including site preparation or levelling;
(e) taking observations and compilation of the record of piling, and
supplying one copy to the Engineer;
(f) re-establishing and moving plant and equipment and re-driving
risen piles;
(g) re-establishing and moving plant and equipment to correct displaced
piles;
(h) extraction if required.
Welding on 9.50 The items for welding on extensions shall, in accordance with General
extensions Preambles paragraph 2, include for:
Item coverage (a) preparation of the head of the driven pile;

(b) cleaning the affected area and applying protective coatings or other
surface treatment;
(c) moving plant and equipment;
(d) inspection and testing of welds.
Cutting or 9.51 The items for cutting or burning off surplus shall, in accordance with General
burning off Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
surplus
Item coverage (a) disposal of surplus length of pile;

surface treatment.
Steel waling, 9.52 The items for steel waling, struts and ties shall, in accordance with General
struts and ties Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
Item coverage (a) fabrication, handling and fixing including necessary excavation,
backfilling, compaction and disposal of surplus excavated material;
(b) nuts, bolts, washers, plates, couplings, turn buckles and the like;
(c) marking off, cutting, welding, drilling and the like;
(d) protective coatings or other surface treatment;
(e) removal if required.
107
Forming 9.53 The items for forming openings shall, in accordance with General Preambles
openings paragraph 2, include for :
Item coverage (a) marking off and cutting or burning;

surface treatment.
DEALING WITH OBSTRUCTIONS (DRIVEN PILES)
(i) dealing with obstructions ...........................................................hour.
Measurement 9.55 The measurement of dealing with obstructions shall be the time during which
the equipment to extract, overcome or break out the obstruction is in operation.
Itemisation 9.56 Separate items shall be provided for dealing with obstructions in accordance
Group Feature
I 1. Dealing with obstructions.
II 1. Different types of pile.
III 1. Different sizes of pile.
2. Main piling.
Dealing with 9.57 The items for dealing with obstructions shall, in accordance with General
obstructions Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
Item coverage (a) provision of all necessary equipment and subsequent removal;
(b) moving plant and equipment;
(c) extraction of driven pile;
(d) loading into transport and disposal of material.
108
SECTION 10
FORMWORK
FORMWORK
(i) formwork ......................................................................square metre.

(ii) void formers ...................................................................linear metre.
Measurement 10.02 The measurement of formwork shall, subject to the qualifications stated below,
be the area of formwork which is in contact with the finished concrete together
with the area of the openings in such finished concrete provided that the size of
the openings does not exceed one square metre each.
Formwork shall not be measured :
(a) to construction joints;

(b) to holes, ducts, pockets, sockets, mortices and the like not
exceeding 0.15 cubic metres each in volume;
(c) to individual fillets, chamfers, splays, drips, rebates, recesses,
grooves and the like not exceeding 100 millimetres total girth
measured on the faces in contact with the concrete;
(d) to edge of concrete in blinding layers;
(e) to upper surfaces of concrete inclined at an angle of 15° or less to
the horizontal.
10.03 Where concrete other than blinding concrete is placed in structural foundations,
formwork shall be measured to the sides of such concrete foundations regardless
of whether any formwork is used, except where it is expressly stated on the
Drawings that the concrete is to be cast against the soil face.
10.04 The measurement of profiled formwork shall be the plane (not developed) area
of the profiled concrete as shown on the Drawings. Where such formwork is
bounded by strips of plain finish not exceeding 300 millimetres wide, these
strips shall be measured as profiled formwork.
10.05 Formwork at movement joints shall be measured to one face only.
10.06 Curved formwork shall be measured separately only where the face of the
formwork in contact with the concrete is curved to a radius of 12.00 metres or
less.
Itemisation 10.07 Separate items shall be provided for formwork in accordance with General
109
Group Feature
I 1. Formwork.
2. Profiled formwork.
3. Void formers.
II 1. Exceeding 300 mm wide, horizontal or at any inclination up to

and including 5° to the horizontal.
2. Exceeding 300 mm wide, at any inclination more than 5° up to
and including 85° to the horizontal.
3. Exceeding 300 mm wide, at any inclination more than 85° up
to and including 90° to the horizontal.
4. Not exceeding 300 mm wide at any inclination.
5. Curved, girth and width exceeding 300 mm, at any inclination.
6. Curved, girth or width not exceeding 300 mm, at any
inclination.
7. Domed.
8. Void formers of different cross section.
III 1. Different classes of finish.

2. Different types of permanent formwork.
3. Different types of void formers.
Formwork 10.08 The items for formwork shall, in accordance with General Preambles paragraph
2, include for :
Item coverage (a) falsework, fabrication, erection, centering, levelling and fixing in
position, and taking all measures necessary to produce the required
shapes of concrete;
(b) forming cambers and falls;
(c) ties and components;
(d) linings, release agents, surface retarders or other measures necessary
to produce the required finish to the surfaces of the concrete;
(e) cutting and fitting around projecting members, pipes, reinforcement
and the like;
(f) individual fillets, chamfers, splays, drips, rebates, recesses, grooves
and the like, not exceeding 100 millimetres total girth measured on
the faces in contact with the concrete;
(g) sealing joints between formwork panels and adjoining surfaces and
components;
(h) striking, taking down and removing;
(i) protection of concrete surfaces;
(j) any additional concrete provided in lieu of formwork to fill
overbreak or working space;
(k) construction and subsequent removal of trial panels, including
concrete, formwork and reinforcement.
Void formers 10.09 The items for void formers shall, in accordance with General Preambles
110
Item coverage (a) fixing void formers to prevent displacement during concrete
operations;
(b) capping or blocking off ends;
(c) sealing ends and joints;
(d) cutting and fitting around projecting members, pipes, reinforcement
and the like;
(e) where required, removal of void formers.
111
112
SECTION 11
STEEL REINFORCEMENT
REINFORCEMENT
(i) bar reinforcement, helical reinforcement .................................tonne.

(ii) fabric reinforcement .....................................................square metre.
(iii) dowels ...................................................................................number.
Measurement 11.02 The mass of plain bar reinforcement shall be calculated on the basis that steel
weighs 0.00785 kilogram per square millimetre of cross sectional area per linear
metre. The mass of deformed bar reinforcement shall be calculated from the
nominal rolling mass of the reinforcement. Steel bar supports to reinforcement
where shown on the Drawings shall be measured as reinforcement.
11.03 Fabric reinforcement shall be measured as the area of fabric excluding laps. No
Itemisation 11.04 Separate items shall be provided for reinforcement in accordance with General
Group Feature
I 1. Bar reinforcement.
2. Fabric reinforcement.
3. Helical reinforcement.
4. Dowels.
II 1. Mild steel.
2. High yield steel.
3. Stainless steel.
4. Galvanised steel.
5. Epoxy coated steel.
III 1. Different diameters of bar and helical reinforcement.

2. Different B.S. references of fabric reinforcement.
3. Different diameters and lengths of dowels.
113
Group Feature
IV 1. Bars not exceeding 12.00 m in length.

2. Bars exceeding 12.00 m but not exceeding 15.00 m in length
3. Dowels with different accessories.
Reinforcement 11.05 The items for reinforcement shall, in accordance with General Preambles
Item coverage (a) cleaning, cutting and bending;

(b) tying with tying wire, tying devices or clips;
(c) welding;
(d) supports and spacers (except for steel bar supports to reinforcement
where shown on the Drawings);
(e) reinforcement connectors;
(f) extra fabric reinforcement at laps;
(g) protection of projecting reinforcement;
(h) lifting bars, supporting steel or lifting yokes for prefabricated
reinforcement cages;
(i) repairing damage to protective coatings on, and patching cut ends
of, reinforcement;
(j) preparing bending schedules.
Dowels 11.06 The items for dowels shall, in accordance with General Preambles paragraph 2,
include for :
Item coverage (a) drilling holes or forming pockets, casting in and grouting;
(b) caps, sleeves, wrappings, coatings, compressible filler and the like.
114
SECTION 12
CONCRETE
IN-SITU CONCRETE
(i) concrete ..........................................................................cubic metre.
Measurement 12.02 No deduction shall be made for :
(a) built-in items, holes, ducts, pockets, sockets, mortices and the like
each not exceeding 0.15 cubic metres in volume;
(b) reinforcement;
(c) individual fillets, chamfers, splays, drips, rebates, recesses, grooves
and the like not exceeding 100 millimetres in girth measured on the
faces in contact with the formwork;
(d) in the case of concrete with profiled face, any indentations of 100
millimetres total girth or less when measured in contact with the
profiled formwork.
Itemisation 12.03 Separate items shall be provided for in-situ concrete in accordance with General
Group Feature
I 1. Different grades of concrete.
II 1. Different types of cement.

2. Pulverised fuel ash.
III 1. Blinding concrete.

2. No-fines concrete.
Concrete 12.04 The items for concrete shall, in accordance with General Preambles paragraph 2,
include for :
Item coverage (a) trial mixes and plant trials;

(b) mixing, placing in or against any surface, including soil faces where
required, compaction and finishes to unformed surfaces;
(c) curing and protection;
(d) formwork to upper surfaces inclined at an angle of 15° or less to the
horizontal;
115
(e) falls, cambers and shaped profiles;

(f) weep pipes, pipe sleeves and the like;
(g) construction joints (whether shown or not on the Drawings),
skewbacks, stunt ends, steppings, bonding chases and the like,
including formwork, waterbars and waterstops;
(h) holes, pockets, mortices casting in items and the like, each not
exceeding 0.15 cubic metres in volume, including formwork;
(i) ducts and sockets;
(j) formwork to blinding concrete;
(k) concrete to fill over-break and working space;
(l) filling of tie bar holes;
(m) underlay and sliding layers;
(n) admixtures;
(o) dealing with water in watercourses;
(p) in the case of concrete placed in water, use of tremie or placing
concrete in bags;
(q) in the case of water retaining structures, building in puddle flanges
and waterstops around box-outs.
PRECAST CONCRETE
Note 12.05 The term "precast" applies to any concrete unit cast on Site but not in its final
position and to concrete units manufactured off the Site.
(i) precast copings and the like of uniform cross

section ............................................................................linear metre.
(ii) precast members, slabs, units and specially moulded
blocks ....................................................................................number.
Itemisation 12.07 Separate items shall be provided for precast concrete in accordance with General
Group Feature
I 1. Precast copings.
2. Precast members, slabs, units and specially moulded blocks.
IV 1. Curved.
116
Precast concrete 12.08 The items for precast concrete shall, in accordance with General Preambles
Item coverage (a) trial mixes and plant trials;

(b) formwork;
(c) reinforcement;
(d) surface finishing, curing and protection;
(e) treatment to concrete faces;
(f) fillets, chamfers, splays, drips, rebates, recesses, grooves and the
like;
(g) forming holes, ducts, pockets, sockets, mortices and the like, and
casting-in items as required, including formwork;
(h) matching members as required for side by side construction;
(i) marking members for identification, date of casting and lifting
points and delivery in matching sequence;
(j) lifting devices, bearing plates and removal;
(k) erection and fixing in final position;
(l) temporary supports and connections to prevent displacement;
(m) bedding, jointing and pointing, including cramps, dowels or other
fixing devices;
(n) caulking and sealing between and under units and members,
including formwork;
(o) cutting and trimming;
(p) in the case of the precast prestressed members and the like, ducts,
tendons and stressing (including partially stressing) and grouting
internal tendons;
(q) in the case of precast and precast prestressed members and the like,
for incorporation in in-situ post tensioned prestressed construction,
forming and installing tendon ducts to profile and sealing, forming
recesses in the concrete for anchorages and jack seatings, bearing
plates, reinforcing helices, grout inlets, vents and other components,
including casting in;
(r) dealing with water in watercourses.
TREATMENT TO FACES OF IN-SITU CONCRETE

(i) treatment to faces of in-situ concrete .......................... square metre.
Measurement 12.10 The measurement shall be the area of the treated face shown on the Drawings,
except for concrete faces formed with profiled formwork in which case the
measurement shall be the same area as that for the profiled formwork.
Itemisation 12.11 Separate items shall be provided for treatment to faces of in-situ concrete in
117
Group Feature
I 1. Exposed aggregate.
2. Point tooled.
3. Bush hammered.
4. Broken rib.
5. Light blasting.
6. Heavy blasting.
7. Other stated treatments.
Treatment of in- 12.12 The items for treatment to faces of in-situ concrete shall, in accordance with
situ concrete General Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
Item coverage (a) removing loose material from the concrete and washing clean;
(b) for exposed aggregate finishes, the subsequent treatment of the
surfaces upon removal of the coated formwork to obtain the
required finish;
(c) in the case of light and heavy blasting, protection of adjacent
surfaces and control of dust;
(d) protection of treated surfaces;
(e) construction and subsequent removal of trial panels.
118
SECTION 13
IN-SITU POST TENSIONED PRESTRESSING
IN-SITU POST TENSIONED PRESTRESSING
Note 13.01 For the purpose of this Section a tendon is defined as all the permanent
components of a system which imparts a compressive load to a concrete
member through a common anchorage or bearing plate.
(i) tendons, stressing and grouting, protective covering to external

tendons ..................................................................................number.
Measurement 13.03 Lengths of tendons shall be measured along the line of the tendon between the
outside faces of those parts of the anchorage units cast into the concrete.
Tendons shall be grouped so that no member of the group differs in length from
the stated length by more than 5%.
Itemisation 13.04 Separate items shall be provided for in-situ post tensioned prestressing in
Group Feature
I 1. Tendons.
2. Stressing and grouting internal tendons.
3. Stressing external tendons.
4. Final stressing and grouting tendons of members supplied
partially prestressed.
5. Protective covering to external tendons.
II 1. Tendons for in-situ concrete construction.

2. Tendons for segmental construction.
III 1. Different types of tendons.

2. Different types or sizes of external protective coverings.
IV 1. Longitudinal tendons.
2. Transverse tendons.
3. Tendons in any other direction.
V 1. Different stated lengths of tendons.

119
Tendons 13.05 The items for tendons shall, in accordance with General Preambles paragraph 2,
include for :
Item coverage (a) forming and installing grout vents and tendon ducts to profile or
between precast segmental units and sealing;
(b) steel bars, cables, wires or strands with couplers, binders, spacers
and proving that tendons are free to move between anchorages in
ducts;
(c) tendon anchorages, bearing plates, reinforcing helices, grout inlets,
vents and other components, except where these are supplied
complete with precast members or segments;
(d) forming recesses in the concrete for anchorages and jack seatings;
(e) allowing for variations of length in tendons contained in the same
bill item;
(f) cleaning tendons, components and ducts.
Stressing and 13.06 The items for stressing and grouting internal tendons, stressing external tendons,
grouting internal and final stressing and grouting tendons of members supplied partially
tendons, etc. prestressed shall, in accordance with General Preambles paragraph 2, include
for :
Item coverage (a) checking and calibrating tensioning apparatus and load measuring
devices;
(b) trial mixes of grout and grouting trials;
(c) applying pre-stress in one or more stages;
(d) gripping and trimming tendons;
(e) taking observations and compiling a record of stressing and
grouting operations and supplying results to the Engineer;
(f) for internal tendons, grouting, sealing vent holes and end
anchorages, treating ends of tendons, and filling anchorages and
jack seating recesses with in-situ concrete;
(g) accommodating and adjusting for differences between tendons
included in the same bill item;
(h) calculation in respect of the required jacking force and extension;
(i) releasing tension and re-tensioning where pull-in varies from that
agreed by the Engineer;
(j) temporary protection to external prestressing tendons and
anchorages and subsequent removal.
Protective 13.07 The items for protective covering to external tendons shall, in accordance with
covering to General Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
external tendons
Item coverage (a) placing and completing protective covering to whole length of
tendon, including formwork and temporary supports;
(b) tying or bonding to main structure;
(c) sealing at joints.
120
SECTION 14
STEELWORK
STEELWORK
(i) fabrication of steelwork, permanent erection of

steelwork ..................................................................................tonne.
(ii) trial erection of steelwork at place of fabrication ......................item.
Measurement 14.02 The measurement shall be the total weight of the finished member comprising
plates, rolled sections, shear connectors, stiffeners, cleats, packs, splice plates
and all fittings, with no allowance for tolerances for rolling margins and other
permissible deviations from standard weights, and excluding the weights of
weld fillets, bolts, nuts and washers, rivet heads, and protective coatings. No
deduction shall be made for splays, notches, holes and the like each not
exceeding 0.03m².
The weight of rolled steel standard sections shall be computed in accordance

with the mass per unit length stated in the relevant British Standard and the
dimensions shown on the Drawings.
The weight of rolled steel, cast steel and cast iron sections where mass per unit
length is not given in the relevant British Standard shall be computed from the
dimensions shown on the Drawings, with no allowance for addition for fillets
and overruns for castings, on the following basis:
(a) rolled steel or cast steel, 7850 kg/m³

(b) cast iron, 7210 kg/m³
14.03 The weight of steel involved in the trial erection shall be stated in the
description.
Itemisation 14.04 Separate items shall be provided for steelwork in accordance with General
121
Group Feature
I 1. Fabrication of steelwork.
2. Erection of steelwork.
II 1. Main members.
2. Subsidiary members.
3. Other members.
III 1. Rolled sections.

2. Plates.
3. Hollow sections.
4. Composite sections.
IV 1. Different grades of steel.
V 1. Trial erection at place of fabrication.
Fabrication of 14.05 The items for the fabrication of steelwork shall, in accordance with General
steelwork Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
Item coverage (a) preparation of detailed fabrication drawings;

(b) examining and checking steel for segregation, laminations, cracks
and surface flaws, and carrying out any remedial measures required
by the Engineer in respect of such defects;
(c) cutting, marking off, drilling, notching, machining, form fitting,
edge preparation and cambering;
(d) welding, riveting, bolting and assembling by any process, including
pre-heating and taking necessary measures to counteract shrinkage
or distortion due to welding, gouging, thermal cutting or heat
treatment;
(e) rivets, bolts, nuts and washers required to fabricate the steelwork
and to complete the erection and installation of steelwork on Site,
together with all spares and service bolts, drifts, draw-up cleats and
the like;
(f) welding any shear connectors to steel members either at the place of
fabrication or on Site, including any preheating;
(g) routine production tests of welding during fabrication and welding
records;
(h) marking for erection, handling and protection from damage, and
transportation to Site in any matching sequence required to suit the
erection programme;
(i) descaling and wire brushing parts of steelwork to be encased in or
in contact with concrete;
(j) qualification tests for welders;
(k) procedure trials for welding, flame cutting and shearing.
122
Erection of 14.06 The items for erection of steelwork shall, in accordance with General Preambles
steelwork paragraph 2, include for :
Item coverage (a) lifting steelwork, complete with any concrete cast on, erection and
fixing in the final position in the Works, including the provision of
all temporary supports and fastenings, and grouting as required;
(b) aligning and plumbing steelwork, adjusting levels and providing
temporary bracings or stays to prevent displacement, including the
provision and removal of temporary attachments;
(c) permanent welded, riveted and bolted connections required on Site,
including preheating and the provision of shelters for welding;
(d) routine production tests of welding during erection;
(e) qualification tests for welders;
(f) procedure trials for welding, flame cutting and shearing.
Trial erection 14.07 The items for whole or partial trial erection at the place of fabrication shall, in
accordance with General Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
Item coverage (a) lifting, erection and fixing in position in any specified sequence,
including the provision of all temporary supports;
(b) aligning and plumbing steelwork, adjusting levels and providing
temporary bracings and stays to prevent displacement, including the
provision and removal of temporary attachments;
(c) provide attendance for the Engineer in proving dimensions, cambers
and profiles;
(d) match-marking members as required for final erection;
(e) dismantling;
(f) modifications and refitting of members as a result of the trial
erection.
CORRUGATED STEEL STRUCTURES

Note 14.08 The following paragraphs are only to be used for the measurement of corrugated
steel underpasses, culverts and the like.
(i) corrugated steel structures (stating the length) .....................number.
14.10 The length stated shall be the extreme length of the corrugated steel structure.
123
Itemisation 14.11 Separate items shall be provided for corrugated steel structures in accordance
with General Principles paragraphs 3 and 4 and the following:
Group Feature
I 1. Corrugated steel structures.
IV 1. Different thicknesses.
Corrugated steel 14.12 The items for corrugated steel structures shall, in accordance with the General
structures Preambles Paragraph 2, include for :
Item coverage (a) preparation and supply of detailed working drawings;

(b) cutting, marking off, drilling, notching, bevels, skews, bends, edge
preparation, cambering, riveting, bolting and fabricating;
(c) laps, rivets, bolts, nuts, washers and the like, required to assemble
the structure and complete the erection and installation of the
corrugated structure on Site, together with spares and service bolts,
drifts, draw up cleats and the like;
(d) protective treatment;
(e) marking members for identification and delivery in matching
sequence;
(f) channels, including casting in to line and level.
PROTECTION OF STEELWORK
(i) protective systems .........................................................square metre.

(ii) desiccants, vapour phase inhibitors ....................................kilogram.
Measurement 14.14 The measurement shall be the surface area to be treated and the weight of
desiccant or inhibitor required.
Itemisation 14.15 Separate items shall be provided for protection of steelwork in accordance with
124
Group Feature
I 1. Protective systems.
2. Desiccants.
3. Vapour phase inhibitors.
Protective 14.16 The items for protective systems shall, in accordance with the General
systems Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
Item coverage (a) specimen panels;

(b) paint application procedure trials;
(c) masking and other measures to protect adjacent steelwork;
(d) joint fillers and sealing of bolted joints;
(e) cleaning and preparation of surfaces;
(f) complying with any special requirements in respect of ambient
conditions for the application of protective treatment and for
intervals between successive operations and applications;
(g) stripe coats.
Desiccants and 14.17 The items for desiccants and vapour phase inhibitors shall, in accordance with
vapour phase the General Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
inhibitors
Item coverage (a) placing the desiccants or inhibitors in containers in position;

(b) taking precautions to prevent its exposure to atmosphere other than
in its working environment.
125
126
SECTION 15
WATERPROOFING
WATERPROOFING
(i) waterproofing, protection to

waterproofing ................................................................square metre.
Measurement 15.02 The measurement shall be the area of the surface covered. No deduction shall be
made for openings each not exceeding one square metre.
Itemisation 15.03 Separate items shall be provided for waterproofing in accordance with General
Group Feature
I 1. Different types of waterproofing.

2. Different types of protection to waterproofing.
II 1. Horizontal surfaces and inclined surfaces sloping at 45° or less

to the horizontal.
2. Vertical surfaces and surfaces sloping at more than 45° to the
horizontal.
3. Domed surfaces.
Waterproofing 15.04 The items for waterproofing shall, in accordance with General Preambles
Item coverage (a) preparation, cleaning and drying surfaces, including levelling
courses;
(b) priming including protecting primed surfaces, adhesive coats,
undercoats and all intermediate coats;
(c) laying to cambers and falls;
(d) forming nibs, angle fillets, drips, chases, external angles, mitres,
stops, flashings and the like;
(e) forming joints and overlaps;
(f) sealing at edges and around interruptions and projections;
(g) temporary protection measures and subsequent removal;
(h) temporary measures to provide for drainage of surface water;
(i) curved work.
127
Protection to 15.05 The items for protection to waterproofing shall, in accordance with General
waterproofing Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
Item coverage (a) surface preparation;

(b) adhesive coats;
(c) laying to cambers and falls;
(d) forming or cutting to ribs, angle fillets, external angles, mitres and
the like;
(e) joints and overlaps;
(f) formwork;
(g) bedding and jointing tiles or bricks, including cutting;
(h) curing and protection;
(i) curved work.
128
SECTION 16
BEARINGS AND MOVEMENT JOINTS
BEARINGS
(i) supply of bearings, installation of bearings ..........................number.
Itemisation 16.02 Separate items shall be provided for bearings in accordance with General
Group Feature
I 1. Supply of bearings.
2. Installation of bearings.
Supply of 16.03 The items for supply of bearings shall, in accordance with General Preambles
bearings paragraph 2, include for :
Item coverage (a) nuts, bolts, washers, dowels, protective caps, dust covers, sockets,
sleeves, wrapping, adhesives and lubricants;
(b) corrosion protection of metal components and greasing at place of
manufacture;
(c) marking bearings for identification purposes.
Installation of 16.04 The items for installation of bearings shall, in accordance with General
bearings Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
Item coverage (a) drilling holes or forming pockets in the structure and casting in
bolts, dowels, sockets and the like;
(b) temporary supports and stays to retain bearings in position during
construction;
(c) forming plinths, including formwork;
(d) setting and releasing locking mechanism;
(e) adhesives and epoxy mortar, cement mortar and grout;
(f) painting and greasing.
129
FABRICATED MOVEMENT JOINTS

(i) supply of fabricated movement joints, installation of fabricated

movement joints ....................................................................number.
Itemisation 16.06 Separate items shall be provided for fabricated movement joints in accordance
Group Feature
I 1. Supply of fabricated movement joints.

2. Installation of fabricated movement joints.
II 1. Different movement ranges.
III 1. Different types or materials.
IV 1. Different lengths.
Supply of 16.07 The items for the supply of fabricated movement joints shall, in accordance with
fabricated General Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
movement joints
Item coverage (a) special fittings, anchorages, lugs, nuts, bolts and the like;
(b) corrosion protection of metal components and greasing at place of
manufacture;
(c) marking fabricated joints for identification.
Installation of 16.08 The items for the installation of fabricated movement joints shall, in accordance
fabricated with General Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
movement joints
Item coverage (a) preparation and cleaning of surfaces;

(b) templates, guides and temporary devices;
(c) setting the joint;
(d) protective or other treatment and greasing, including surface
preparation;
(e) forming or cutting sealing grooves in pavements above joints or in
facework, including sealing;
(f) bedding mortars, grouting materials, filling materials, sealants,
nosings and the like, including grouting in holding-down bolts,
priming surfaces and grinding down holding-down bolts;
(g) temporary protection measures and subsequent removal;
130
(h) treating surfaces of joint exposed at finished road level to prevent

skidding;
(i) making good gap between joint and adjoining road surface or
nosing.
MOVEMENT JOINTS FORMED IN-SITU

(i) joint filler ......................................................................square metre.

(ii) joint sealant, compression seal, bearing strip, waterbar,
waterstop ........................................................................linear metre.
(iii) dowels ...................................................................................number.
Measurement 16.10 The measurement of joint filler shall be the specified area of the surface
covered.
16.11 The measurement of joint sealant shall be the length of the sealant on the
external face.
16.12 The measurement of waterbar, compression seal, bearing strip or waterstop shall
be the length along its axis.
Itemisation 16.13 Separate items shall be provided for movement joints formed in-situ in
Group Feature
I 1. Joint filler.
2. Joint sealant.
3. Compression seal.
4. Bearing strip.
5. Waterbar.
6. Waterstop.
7. Dowels.
II 1. Different types of materials.

2. Different thicknesses.
Joint filler 16.14 The items for joint filler shall, in accordance with General Preambles paragraph
2, include for :
131
Item coverage (a) cutting and shaping;

(b) preparation and cleaning of surfaces;
(c) adhesives or other special materials.
Joint sealant 16.15 The items for joint sealant shall, in accordance with General Preambles

(b) forming or cutting sealing grooves;
(c) priming the surface of the joint;
(d) bond breaker tape or PVC capping strip;
(e) temporary sealing strip or cover and removal;
(f) protection of adjoining concrete surfaces and subsequent removal;
(g) in the case where the joint sealant is not required to extend to the
bottom of the groove, caulking.
Compression seal 16.16 The items for compression seal shall, in accordance with General Preambles

(b) priming the surfaces of the joint;
(c) adhesive or other special materials.
Bearing strip 16.17 The items for bearing strip shall, in accordance with General Preambles
Item coverage (a) cutting and shaping;

(b) preparation and cleaning of surfaces;
(c) adhesives or other special materials.
Waterbar and 16.18 The items for waterbar and waterstop shall, in accordance with General
waterstop Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
Item coverage (a) fittings;

(b) cutting, notching, welding and jointing;
(c) protection of exposed waterstops.
Dowels 16.19 The items for dowels shall, in accordance with General Preambles paragraph 2,
include for :
Item coverage (a) drilling holes or forming pockets, casting in and grouting;
(b) caps, sleeves, wrappings and coatings.
132
SECTION 17
MARINE WORKS
Note 17.01 Marine structures and submarine outfalls shall be measured in accordance with
the units of measurement, measurements and itemisation set out in the relevant
Sections for Earthworks, Drainage and Ducts, Pipework, Formwork, Steel
Reinforcement, Concrete and the like.
DREDGING
(i) dredging, redredging surcharge material ........................cubic metre.
Measurement 17.03 The measurement of dredging shall be the volume of the void formed by the
removal of materials to the dredging profile as defined in the Contract.
Itemisation 17.04 Separate items shall be provided for dredging in accordance with General
Group Feature
I 1. Dredging.
2. Redredging surcharge material.
II 1. Material other than rock or artificial hard material.

2. Rock, blasting permitted.
3. Rock, blasting not permitted.
4. Artificial hard material, blasting permitted.
5. Artificial hard material, blasting not permitted.
Dredging 17.05 The items for dredging shall, in accordance with General Preambles paragraph
2, include for :
Item coverage (a) carrying out initial and final surveys;

(b) marking the site with flags, marker buoys and lights;
(c) provision, maintenance and removal of temporary tide gauges;
(d) loading into transport and subsequent disposal including in the case of
rock or artificial hard material, breaking up and getting out;
(e) trimming to dredging profiles;
(f) multiple handling of dredging material;
(g) restrictions on working necessitated by existing structures;
(h) use of divers;
(i) removing any siltage deposited prior to filling;
(j) dredging outside the dredging profile;
133
(k) in the case of blasting being permitted, blasting trials, measurement

and recording of vibrations and supplying a copy of the records to
the Engineer, checking and adjusting accuracy of seismographs,
FILL FOR MARINE STRUCTURES AND

RECLAMATION
Note 17.06 Fill to reclamation shall be that fill material deposited below +2.50 metres P.D.
Filling above +2.50 metres P.D. shall be measured under the Earthworks
Section.
(i) fill ...................................................................................cubic metre.
Measurement 17.08 The measurement of fill shall be the volume of the fill formed within the fill
profiles as defined in the Contract.
Itemisation 17.09 Separate items shall be provided for fill for marine structures and reclamation in
Group Feature
I 1. Underwater fill material.

3. Other stated types of fill material.
II 1. Material of different types.

2. Material of different grades.
III 1. From excavation on Site.

2. Provided by the Contractor.
3. Provided by others.
4. Provided and placed by others.
5. Provided by others and collected by the Contractor.
134
Group Feature
IV 1. Different sources or points of collection.
V 1. In seawall foundations.
2. In breakwaters.
3. In other stated marine structures.
4. In reclamation.
Fill for marine 17.10 The items for fill for marine structures and reclamation shall, in accordance with
structures and General Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
reclamation

(d) stockpiling, multiple handling, transporting, depositing, tamping,
compacting, trimming and shaping to specified profiles;
(e) selection, separation and processing of materials;
(f) complying with any requirements on the rate, sequence and method
of deposition;
(g) additional material lost by settlement of or penetration into the
underlying material;
(h) consolidation of fill material;
(i) removing and disposing of any unsuitable overburden materials or
material deposited by siltage prior to filling subsequent layers;
(j) taking precautions to avoid damage to structures and existing
utilities;
(k) packing around utilities, piles and pedestals, and adjacent to or
above structures;
(l) use of divers;
(m) filling of any void caused by overdredging or any other fill outside
the fill profile.
ROCK ARMOUR
(i) rock armour ....................................................................cubic metre.
Itemisation 17.12 Separate items shall be provided for rock armour in accordance with General
135
Group Feature
I 1. Rock armour.
III 1. In breakwaters.
2. In revetments.
3. In other stated marine structures.
Rock armour 17.13 The items for rock armour shall, in accordance with General Preambles

(b) marking the Site with flags, marker buoys and lights;
(d) stockpiling, multiple handling, transporting and placing rock
armour;
of placing;
(g) additional material lost by settlement of, or penetration into, the
underlying materials;
(h) taking precautions to avoid damage to structures and existing
utilities;
(i) packing around utilities, piles and pedestals, and adjacent to or
above structures;
(j) use of divers;
(k) filling of any void caused by overdredging or any other fill outside
the fill profile.
LEVELLING COURSE
(i) levelling course .............................................................square metre.
Measurement 17.15 The measurement of levelling course shall be the plan area of the levelling
course as shown on the Drawings.
Itemisation 17.16 Separate items shall be provided for levelling course in accordance with General
136
Group Feature
I 1. Levelling courses of different thicknesses.
Levelling course 17.17 The items for levelling course shall, in accordance with General Preambles
Item coverage (a) setting and levelling of guide rails;

(b) depositing, laying and trimming;
(c) use of divers.
BERMSTONES
(i) bermstones ....................................................................square metre.
Measurement 17.19 The measurement of bermstones shall be the plan area of the bermstones as
shown on the Drawings.
Itemisation 17.20 Separate items shall be provided for bermstones in accordance with General
Group Feature
I 1. Bermstones of different sizes.
Bermstones 17.21 The items for bermstones shall, in accordance with General Preambles

(d) stockpiling, multiple handling, transporting, setting and trimming;
of placing;
(g) allowing for settlement and displacement of underlying material;
(h) filling the cavities beneath and between bermstones;
(i) taking precautions to avoid damage to structures and existing
utilities;
(j) packing around utilities, piles and pedestals, and adjacent to or
above structures;
(k) use of divers.
137
FENDERING
(i) timber fendering .............................................................cubic metre.

(ii) rubber fendering, other stated types of fenderin....................number.
Measurement 17.23 The measurement of timber fendering shall be the total volume of timber as
shown on the Drawings with no deduction made for bolt holes, notches and the
like.
17.24 The measurement for rubber or other stated types of fendering shall be of the
complete fender as shown on the Drawings.
Itemisation 17.25 Separate items shall be provided for fendering in accordance with General
Group Feature
I 1. Timber fendering.
2. Rubber fendering.
3. Other stated types of fendering.
Fendering 17.26 The items for fendering shall, in accordance with General Preambles paragraph
2, include for :
Item coverage (a) drilling, shaping, jointing, notching, chamfering and the like;
(b) recessing and checking;
(c) fittings, bolts, nuts, washers, spikes, cleats, plates, chains and angles
and the like;
(d) protective treatment, and painting to timber and steelwork;
(e) staggering of all joints in walings;
(f) packing pieces;
(g) curved work;
(h) filling of recesses for bolt heads and the like;
(i) use of divers.
138
MARINE FITTINGS
(i) mooring eyes, bollards, tide gauges, other stated marine

fittings ...................................................................................number.
Measurement 17.28 The measurement of marine fittings shall be for the complete fitting as shown
on the Drawings.
Itemisation 17.29 Separate items shall be provided for marine fittings in accordance with General
Group Feature
I 1. Mooring eyes.
2. Bollards.
3. Tide gauges.
4. Other stated marine fittings.
Marine fittings 17.30 The items for marine fittings shall, in accordance with General Preambles
Item coverage (a) casting into structure;

(b) fixings, jointing and welding;
(c) protective treatment and painting;
(d) setting tide gauges to level;
(e) reinstating;
(f) use of divers;
(g) in the case of bollards, reinforcement, concrete plinth, filling metal
collar with concrete, drilling in concrete and grouting.
139
140
SECTION 18
TUNNELLING
Notes 18.01 Tunnels constructed by cut and cover methods shall be measured in accordance
with the units of measurement, measurements and itemisation set out in the
relevant Sections for Earthworks, Formwork, Steel Reinforcement, Concrete
and the like.
18.02 Notwithstanding clause 18.11(h) temporary support may be measured but only
to the extent stated in the Contract.
SPECIAL PRELIMINARIES
(i) temporary ventilation, temporary lighting, tunnelling

equipment ...................................................................................item.
Itemisation 18.04 Separate items shall be provided for special preliminaries in accordance with
Group Feature
I 1. Temporary ventilation.
2. Temporary lighting.
3. Tunnelling equipment.
Temporary 18.05 The items for temporary ventilation shall, in accordance with General Preambles
ventilation paragraph 2, include for :
Item coverage (a) fans and ducts;

(b) charges for power;
(c) temporary ventilation shafts and tunnels including reinstatement;
(d) maintenance and removal.
Temporary 18.06 The items for temporary lighting shall, in accordance with General Preambles
lighting paragraph 2, include for :
Item coverage (a) charges for power;

(b) maintenance and removal.
141
Tunnelling 18.07 The items for tunnelling equipment shall, in accordance with General Preambles
equipment paragraph 2, include for :
Item coverage (a) all equipment necessary to complete the tunnel excavation;
(b) maintenance and removal.
EXCAVATION
(i) excavation in tunnel, excavation in shaft .......................linear metre.

(ii) excavation for passing place, excavation for other stated
chambers .........................................................................cubic metre.
Measurement 18.09 The measurement of excavation in tunnel and excavation in shaft shall be the
length of the lining of a particular type as shown on the Drawings or ordered by
the Engineer.
Itemisation 18.10 Separate items shall be provided for excavation in accordance with General
Group Feature
I 1. Excavation for different types of lining.
II 1. In tunnel.
2. In shaft.
3. For passing place.
4. For other stated chamber.
III 1. Straight.
2. Curved.
Excavation 18.11 The items for excavation shall, in accordance with General Preambles paragraph
2, include for :
Item coverage (a) excavation in all materials;

(b) multiple handling of excavated material;
(c) the use of material for the protection of the sub-grade and its
subsequent removal;
(d) selection and separation of materials;
(e) breaking down material necessary to comply with the requirements
of fill;
(f) overbreak and excavation for working space;
(g) drainage and dealing with inflow of water;
142
(h) temporary support to tunnel excavation;

(i) disposal of surplus excavated material;
(j) scaling and washing down excavated surfaces;
(k) probing ahead or radially;
(l) formation, maintenance and reinstatement of temporary access
tunnels and shafts;
(m) preparation and submission of records to the Engineer;
(n) filling to overbreak and working space;
(o) chainage and level marks.
IN-SITU CONCRETE LINING

(i) in-situ concrete lining to tunnel, in-situ concrete lining to

shaft ...............................................................................linear metre.
(ii) in-situ concrete lining to passing place, in-situ concrete lining to
other stated chamber .......................................................cubic metre.
Measurement 18.13 The measurement of the in-situ concrete lining shall be the length along its axis.
At junctions, measurement shall terminate at the external face of the lining to
the adjoining tunnel or shaft.
18.14 The measurement of in-situ concrete lining to passing place and other stated
chamber shall be the difference between the volume of the concrete lining at the
passing place or other stated chamber indicated on the Drawings and the volume
of the regular in-situ concrete lining as indicated on the Drawings.
Itemisation 18.15 Separate items, shall be provided for in-situ concrete linings in accordance with
Group Feature
I 1. In-situ concrete lining.
III 1. Different grades of concrete.

143
Group Feature
IV 1. In tunnel.
2. In shaft.
3. In passing place.
4. In other stated chamber.
V 1. Straight.
2. Curved.
In-situ concrete 18.16 The items for in-situ concrete lining shall, in accordance with General
lining Preambles paragraph 2, include for :

(b) mixing, placing, compaction and finishes;
(d) weep pipes, grout pipes, pipe sleeves and the like;
(e) construction joints (whether shown or not on the Drawings)
(f) holes, ducts, pockets, sockets, mortices and the like;
(g) surface preparation of excavated surfaces;
(h) waterproofing and membranes;
(i) formwork;
(j) reinforcement;
(k) drainage pipes and filter layers;
(l) additives;
(m) cavity grouting;
(n) chainage and level marks.
PREFORMED SEGMENTAL LINING

(i) preformed segmental lining ..........................................linear metre.
Measurement 18.18 The measurement of the preformed segmental lining shall be the length along its
axis. At junctions measurement shall terminate at the external face of the lining
to the adjoining tunnel or shaft.
Itemisation 18.19 Separate items shall be provided for preformed segmental linings in accordance
144
Group Feature
I 1. Precast reinforced concrete segmental lining.

2. Steel segmental lining.
3. Cast iron segmental lining.
4. Ductile iron segmental lining.
II 1. Different types or sizes.
III 1. In tunnel.
2. In shaft.
IV 1. Straight.
2. Curved.
Preformed 18.20 The items for preformed segmental lining shall, in accordance with General
segmental lining Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
Item coverage (a) trial mixes and trial assemblies;

(b) formwork;
(c) reinforcement;
(d) waterproofing membranes;
(e) surface finish and curing;
(f) fillets, chambers, splays, rebates, recesses, grooves and the like;
(g) forming holes, ducts, pockets, sockets and the like;
(h) dowels, bolts, nuts and grummets;
(i) joint seals and caulking;
(j) drainage pipes and filter layers;
(k) cavity grouting;
(l) surface protection;
(m) chainage and level marks.
STEEL TUNNEL LINING
(i) steel tunnel lining ...........................................................linear metre.
Measurement 18.22 The measurement of the steel tunnel lining shall be the length measured along
its axis. At junctions measurement shall terminate at the external face of the
lining to the adjoining tunnel or shaft.
145
Itemisation 18.23 Separate items shall be provided for steel tunnel lining in accordance with
Group Feature
I 1. Different thicknesses of steel lining.
III 1. Different grades of steel.
IV 1. In tunnel.
2. In shaft.
V 1. Straight.
2. Curved.
Steel tunnel 18.24 The items for steel tunnel lining shall, in accordance with General Preambles
lining paragraph 2, include for :
Item coverage (a) cutting and jointing;

(b) internal and external protection;
(c) chainage and level marks;
(d) internal lining to steel.
CONCRETE SURROUND TO STEEL TUNNEL LINING
(i) concrete surround to steel tunnel lining .........................linear metre.
Measurement 18.26 The measurement of concrete surround to steel tunnel lining shall be the length
of steel lining surround measured along the axis of the steel lining. At
junctions, measurement shall terminate at the external face of the adjoining
tunnel lining.
Itemisation 18.27 Separate items shall be provided for concrete surround to steel tunnel lining in
146
Group Feature
I 1. Different grades of concrete surround.
II 1. To different diameters of steel lining.
III 1. In tunnel.
2. In shaft.
IV 1. Straight.
2. Curved.
Concrete 18.28 The items for concrete surround to steel tunnel lining shall, in accordance with
surround to steel General Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
tunnel lining

(b) mixing, placing, compaction and finishes;
(d) weep pipes, grout pipes, pipe sleeves and the like;
(e) construction joints (whether shown or not on the Drawings)
(f) holes, ducts, pockets, sockets, mortices and the like;
(g) surface preparation of excavated surfaces;
(h) waterproofing and membranes;
(i) formwork;
(j) reinforcement;
(k) drainage pipes and filter layers;
(l) additives;
(m) cavity grouting;
(n) chainage and level marks;
(o) drilling or forming grout holes;
(p) forming and welding grout hole plugs.
SPRAYED CONCRETE
(i) sprayed concrete ...........................................................square metre.
Measurement 18.30 Sprayed concrete shall only be measured for each individual layer of specified
thickness applied on the Engineer's instruction and not forming part of a tunnel
lining measured under another item.
147
18.31 The measurement for sprayed concrete shall be the surface area of the face to be
covered. No allowance shall be made for surface irregularities or other local
peculiarities.
Itemisation 18.32 Separate items shall be provided for sprayed concrete in accordance with
Group Feature
I 1. Different grades of sprayed concrete.
II 1. Different thicknesses of layers.
III 1. With steel fibres of different dosages.

2. With fabric reinforcement of different B.S. references.
IV 1. To tunnel.
2. To shaft.
3. To passing place.
4. To other stated chamber.
Sprayed concrete 18.33 The items for sprayed concrete shall, in accordance with General Preambles
Item coverage (a) preliminary mix trials;

(b) test specimens and test panels;
(c) preparation of surfaces to receive sprayed concrete;
(d) reinforcement and anchor bars;
(e) additives;
(f) formwork;
(g) weepholes and filter materials;
(h) finishing and curing.
ROCK BOLTS
(i) rock bolts ...............................................................................number.
Measurement 18.35 Rock bolts shall only be measured if ordered by the Engineer and if they do not
form part of a tunnel lining measured under another item.
148
Itemisation 18.36 Separate items shall be provided for rock bolts in accordance with General
Group Feature
I 1. Rock bolts of different diameters.
II 1. Different lengths.
Rock bolts 18.37 The items for rock bolts shall, in accordance with General Preambles paragraph
2, include for :
Item coverage (a) drilling and washing out bolt holes;

(b) anchorages;
(c) grouting rock bolts;
(d) tensioning rock bolts;
(e) checking and re-tensioning rock bolts;
(f) recording and supplying records to the Engineer.
STEEL ARCH RIBS AND INVERT STRUTS

(i) steel arch ribs, invert struts ......................................................tonne.
Measurement 18.39 Steel arch ribs and invert struts shall be measured if ordered by the Engineer and
if they do not form part of a tunnel lining measured separately under another
item.
18.40 The measurement of steel arch ribs and invert struts shall be the total weight of
the rib or strut excluding the weights of base plates, bolts, nuts, washers, spacer
bars and the like. No deduction shall be made for bolt holes.
Itemisation 18.41 Separate items shall be provided for steel arch ribs and invert struts in
149
Group Feature
I 1. Different types of steel arch ribs.

2. Different types of invert struts.
II 1. Different grades of steel.
Steel arch ribs 18.42 The items for steel arch ribs and invert struts shall, in accordance with General
and invert struts Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
Item coverage (a) base plates, bolts, nuts, washers, spacer bars and the like;
(b) packing, blocking and wedging;
(c) lagging;
(d) additional excavation to accommodate the arch, including disposal
of excavated material and backfilling;
(e) protective treatment.
JUNCTIONS
(i) junctions ................................................................................number.
Itemisation 18.44 Separate items shall be provided for junctions in accordance with General
Group Feature
I 1. Junctions.
II 1. Between tunnels with linings of stated types.

2. Between tunnel with lining of stated type and shaft with lining
of stated type.
3. Between different stated types of linings.
150
Junctions 18.45 The items for junctions shall, in accordance with General Preambles paragraph
2, include for :
Item coverage (a) excavation;

(b) in-situ concrete lining;
(c) preformed segmental lining;
(d) steel lining;
(e) concrete surround to steel lining.
PROBING AHEAD
(i) probing ahead .................................................................linear metre.
Measurement 18.47 Probing ahead shall only be measured if ordered by the Engineer. The
measurement shall be for each individual probe or hole.
Itemisation 18.48 Separate items shall be provided for probing ahead in accordance with General
Group Feature
I 1. Probing ahead.
II 1. In rock or artificial hard material.

2. In material other than rock or artificial hard material.
Probing ahead 18.49 The items for probing ahead shall, in accordance with General Preambles
Item coverage (a) standing costs of tunnelling plant and labour during probing
operation;
(b) taking readings, measurements and observations, recording and
supplying records to the Engineer.
151
152
SECTION 19
GEOTECHNICAL WORKS
Note 19.01 Buttresses shall be measured in accordance with the units of measurement,
measurements and itemisation set out in the relevant Sections for Earthworks,
Formwork, Steel Reinforcement, Concrete and the like.
SLOPE INSPECTION
(i) inspection scaffolding, clearance of vegetation and soil

stripping ........................................................................square metre.
Measurement 19.03 The measurement of inspection scaffolding shall be the area of the face to be
covered by the scaffolding. No allowance shall be made for surface
irregularities or other local peculiarities.
19.04 The measurement of clearance of vegetation and soil stripping shall be the
surface area of the area or face cleared. No allowance shall be made for surface
irregularities or other local peculiarities.
Itemisation 19.05 Separate items shall be provided for slope inspection in accordance with
Group Feature
I 1. Inspection scaffolding.
2. Clearance of vegetation and soil stripping.
II 1. Different locations.
Inspection 19.06 The items for inspection scaffolding shall, in accordance with General
scaffolding Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
Item coverage (a) provision, maintenance and subsequent removal;

(b) safety ropes and harnesses;
(c) platforms, ramps, protection fences and barriers.
153
Clearance of 19.07 The items for clearance of vegetation and soil stripping shall, in accordance with
vegetation, etc. General Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
Item coverage (a) removal of vegetation not measured as site clearance;

(b) excavation and disposal of topsoil and existing impermeable
surfaces;
(c) temporary protection of stripped area;
(d) reinstatement of slope;
(e) taking readings, measurements and observations, recording and
supplying records to the Engineer.
ROCK SCALING, REMOVING BOULDERS, SEALING AND

INFILLING ROCK JOINTS, AND MESH PROTECTION
(i) rock scaling, mesh protection .......................................square metre.

(ii) removing boulders ..........................................................cubic metre.
(iii) sealing rock joints, infilling rock joints ..........................cubic metre.
Measurement 19.09 The measurement of rock scaling shall be the surface area of the face to be
scaled. No allowance shall be made for surface irregularities or other local
peculiarities.
19.10 The measurement of mesh protection shall be the surface area of the face to be
protected. No allowance shall be made for surface irregularities or other local
peculiarities. No deduction shall be made for openings each not exceeding one
square metre.
19.11 Removing boulders shall only be measured if ordered by the Engineer.
Itemisation 19.12 Separate items shall be provided for rock scaling, removing boulders, sealing
and infilling rock joints, and mesh protection in accordance with General
Principles paragraphs 3 and 4 and the following:
Group Feature
I 1. Rock scaling.
2. Removing boulders.
3. Sealing rock joints.
4. Infilling rock joints.
5. Mesh protection.
II 1. Different types of mesh protection.

154
Rock scaling and 19.13 The items for rock scaling and removing boulders shall, in accordance with
removing General Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
boulders
Item coverage (a) soil cushions and subsequent removal;

(b) washing down;
(c) disposal of rock scale debris and boulders;
(d) temporary protective measures and subsequent removal.
Mesh protection 19.14 The items for mesh protection shall, in accordance with General Preambles
Item coverage (a) preparation of surfaces;

(b) bolts and anchorages;
(c) lapping, binding and jointing;
(d) removing.
Sealing and 19.15 The items for sealing and infilling rock joints shall, in accordance with General
infilling rock Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
joints Corrigendum No. 1/93
Item coverage (a) clearing unsuitable infill;

(b) concrete and/or cement mortar;
(c) formwork;
(d) reinforcement;
(e) masonry infilling.
RELIEF DRAINS
(i) relief drains ....................................................................linear metre.
Measurement 19.17 The measurement of relief drains shall be along the centreline of the drain
installed.
Itemisation 19.18 Separate items shall be provided for relief drains in accordance with General
Group Feature
I 1. Relief drains.
II 1. Different sizes.
III 1. Different locations.
Relief drains 19.19 The items for relief drains shall, in accordance with General Preambles
155
(a) nails, bolts and nuts for fixing;

(b) excavation and disposal of material from joints, faults and
discontinuities;
(c) connecting to weepholes.
RAKING DRAINS
(i) establishment of equipment .......................................................item.

(ii) moving equipment .................................................................number.
(iii) drilling drain hole, raking drains ....................................linear metre.
Measurement 19.21 The measurement of establishment of equipment shall be for bringing the
equipment onto the Site.
19.22 The measurement of moving equipment shall correspond to the number of drain
holes shown on the Drawings or ordered by the Engineer.
19.23 The measurement of drilling drain holes shall be the drilled length of the hole.
19.24 The measurement of raking drains shall be the length of drain installed.
Itemisation 19.25 Separate items shall be provided for raking drains in accordance with General
Group Feature
I 1. Establishment of equipment.
2. Moving equipment.
3. Drilling drain hole.
4. Raking drains.
2. Downwards at an angle 0° - 45° to the vertical.
horizontal.
4. Upwards at an angle 0° - 45° to the horizontal.
156
Group Feature
IV 1. Different types of raking drains.
V 1. Drain hole length not exceeding 25.00 m.

2. Drain hole length exceeding 25.00 m but not exceeding 40.00
m and so on in steps of 15.00 m.
Establishment of 19.26 The items for establishment of equipment shall, in accordance with General
equipment Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
Item coverage (a) providing sufficient numbers of rigs together with all ancillary
equipment;
(b) removing the rigs and ancillary equipment off Site.
Moving 19.27 The items for moving equipment shall, in accordance with General Preambles
equipment paragraph 2, include for :-
(d) setting up rigs.
Drilling drain 19.28 The items for drilling drain holes shall, in accordance with General Preambles
holes paragraph 2, include for :
Item coverage (a) drilling in any material;

(b) water, compressed air and drilling fluids;
(c) taking soil samples and rock cores;
(d) recording and supplying records to the Engineer;
(e) disposal of material;
(f) temporary sealing for holes.
Raking drains 19.29 The items for raking drains shall, in accordance with General Preambles
Item coverage (a) pipes, tubes, drain liners, drain screens and the like, including slots
and perforations;
(b) filter sheaths and fabric;
(c) jointing and socketing;
(d) bentonite plugs and mortar seals;
(e) markings.
157
CAISSON DRAINS
Units 19.30 The units of measurement shall be :-

(iii) caisson drains .................................................................linear metre.
(iv) extra over for breaking out obstructions ........................cubic metre.
19.32 The measurement of moving equipment shall be the number of caisson drains
shown on the Drawings or ordered by the Engineer. Any additional moves to
suit the Contractor's method of working shall not be measured.
19.33 The measurement of caisson drains shall be the length of the drain measured
along the axis from the existing ground surface or earthworks final surface,
whichever is lower, to the bottom of the excavation.
19.34 The measurement of extra over for breaking out obstructions shall be the
volume of the voids formed by the removal of rocks, boulders, artificial hard
material and the like, which can only be removed by special plant or explosives,
and which is within the specified cross section of the caisson drain.
Itemisation 19.35 Separate items shall be provided for caisson drains in accordance with General
Principles paragraphs 3 and 4 and the following:-
Group Feature
3. Caisson drains.
4. Extra over for breaking out obstructions.
II 1. Blasting permitted.
2. Blasting not permitted.
III 1. Different cross sections.
IV 1. Caisson drains not exceeding 5.00 m in length.

2. Caisson drains exceeding 5.00 m but not exceeding 10.00 m in
length and so on in steps of 5.00 m.
158
equipment;
(c) setting up equipment.
Caisson drains 19.38 The items for caisson drains shall, in accordance with General Preambles
Item coverage (a) determining the position of and exposing underground utilities
adjacent to caissons before work commences;
(b) taking all necessary measures to minimise the settlement of ground
and adjacent structures and utilities and to prevent the formation of
cavities in the ground resulting from caisson works;
(c) monitoring the noise levels, vibration, ground movement and
(d) excavating, including any casing or lining, removing and disposing
of material excavated from the caisson;
(e) partial or total removal of concrete lining and disposal;
(f) ventilation and lighting;
(g) taking all measures required due to the presence of water in the
caisson;
(h) cleaning base of excavation and removing all loose material prior to
placing filter material;
(i) taking all necessary precautions to prevent excavated material from
contaminating the Site or adjacent areas or entering any drainage
system or watercourse;
(j) placing and compacting granular filter material;
(k) backfilling with special fill material and compaction;
(l) interconnecting and discharge pipework and pumps;
(m) submitting construction records and record drawings;
(n) preparing detailed face logs;
(o) in the case of blasting being permitted, blasting trials, explosives,
measurement and recording of vibrations and supplying copy of
records to the Engineer, checking and adjusting accuracy of
seismographs, preparatory work for blasting, notifying the Engineer
when explosives are to be brought onto Site, screens and other
protective covers, drilling shot holes, charging, stemming and
blasting.
159
Extra over for 19.39 The items for extra over for breaking out obstructions shall, in accordance with
breaking out General Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
obstructions
Item coverage (a) provision, maintenance and removal of specialist equipment;

(b) explosives;
(c) overbreak and making good.
PREFABRICATED BAND DRAINS


(iii) prefabricated band drains ...............................................linear meter.
19.42 The measurement of moving equipment shall correspond to the number of

prefabricated band drains shown on the Drawings or ordered by the Engineer.
Itemisation 19.43 Separate items shall be provided for prefabricated band drains in accordance
Group Feature
3. Prefabricated band drains.
II 1. Drain not exceeding 5.00 m in length.

2. Drain exceeding 5.00 m but not exceeding 10.00 m in length
equipment;
Moving 19.45 The items for moving equipment shall, in accordance with General Preamble
160

(c) setting up equipment.
Prefabricated 19.46 The items for prefabricated band drains shall, in accordance with General
band drains Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
Item coverage (a) installing in any material;

(b) cutting and trimming to required level;
(c) removing outer casing.
GROUND TREATMENT
(i) establishment of drilling and grouting plant ..............................item.

(ii) drilling grout hole ..........................................................linear metre.
(iii) cement in grout, chemical in grout ...........................................tonne.
Measurement 19.48 Ground treatment shall only be measured if ordered by the Engineer.
19.49 The measurement of drilling grout hole shall be the length of the hole drilled.
19.50 The measurement of cement in grout and chemical in grout shall be the dry
weight of the cement or chemical in the grout solution.
Itemisation 19.51 Separate items shall be provided for pressure grouting in accordance with
Group Feature
I 1. Establishment of drilling and grouting plant.

2. Drilling grout hole.
3. Cement in grout.
4. Silicate based chemical in grout.
5. Other chemical in grout.
2. Downwards at an angle 0° - 45° to the vertical.
horizontal.
4. Upwards at an angle 0° - 45° to the horizontal.
161
Group Feature
III 1. In rock or artificial hard material.

2. In material other than rock or artificial hard material.
IV 1. From the surface.

2. From the tunnel.
Establishment of 19.52 The items for establishment of drilling and grouting plant shall, in accordance
drilling and with the General Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
grouting plant
Item coverage (a) providing sufficient numbers of drilling rigs, pumps, mixers and
other equipment;
(b) provision, maintenance and removal of all Temporary Works
(c) site clearance and reinstatement;
(d) diversion of watercourses;
(e) setting up plant and other equipment, and moving between holes;
(f) removing plant and other equipment off Site.
Drilling grout 19.53 The items for drilling grout holes shall, in accordance with General Preambles
holes paragraph 2, include for :
Item coverage (a) determining location of underground utilities and obstructions

before drilling commences, and modifying drilling pattern to take
into account locations of utilities and obstructions;
(b) water, compressed air and drilling fluids;
(c) lining to grout holes;
(d) redrilling holes and grouting tubes and flushing;
(e) testing drill holes;
(f) disposal of effluent;
(g) reinstatement of surfaces;
(h) drilling in any material;
(i) temporary protection of holes and subsequent removal.
Cement and 19.54 The items for cement in grout and chemicals in grout shall, in accordance with
chemicals in General Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
grout
Item coverage (a) trial mixes and grouting trials;

(b) mixing and injection of grout;
(c) recording and monitoring equipment and checking accuracy of such
equipment;
(d) water;
(e) sand;
(f) packers;
(g) wastage;
(h) recording and supplying monitoring, testing and grouting records to
the Engineer.
162
ROCK DOWELS
(i) rock dowels ...........................................................................number.
Itemisation 19.56 Separate items shall be provided for rock dowels in accordance with General
Principles 3 and 4 and the following :
Group Feature
I 1. Different types of rock dowel.
III 1. Different lengths.
Rock dowels 19.57 The items for rock dowels shall, in accordance with General Preambles
(c) drilling in any material;
(d) grouting;
(e) protective treatment;
ROCK BOLTS AND GROUND ANCHORS

(i) establishment of equipment for rock bolts, establishment of

equipment for ground anchors ...................................................item.
(ii) moving equipment, rock bolts, ground
anchors ..................................................................................number.
19.60 The measurement of moving equipment shall correspond to the number of rock
bolts and/or ground anchors shown on the Drawings or ordered by the
Engineeer.
163
Itemisation 19.61 Separate items shall be provided for rock bolts and ground anchors in
Group Feature
I 1. Establishment of equipment for rock bolts.

2. Establishment of equipment for ground anchors.
3. Moving equipment for rock bolts.
4. Moving equipment for ground anchors.
5. Rock bolts.
6. Ground anchors.
III 1. Different free lengths.
IV 1. Different working loads.
equipment Preambles paragraph 2, include for:
equipment;
(d) setting up rigs.
Rock bolts and 19.64 The items for rock bolts and ground anchors shall, in accordance with General
ground anchors Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
Item coverage (a) pull-out trials;

(b) drilling in any material;
(c) water, compressed air and drilling fluids;
(d) washing out holes;
(e) water absorption tests, pre-grouting and reaming;
(f) grouting in rock bolts, dowels or anchors;
(g) reinforcement, formwork and concrete;
(h) protective treatment;
(i) stressing, proving and re-stressing;
(j) recording and supplying records to the Engineer.
164
MONITORING OF GROUND ANCHORS

(i) monitoring of ground anchors ...............................................number.
Measurement 19.66 The measurement of monitoring of ground anchors shall be the number of
monitoring tests ordered by the Engineer.
Itemisation 19.67 Separate items shall be provided for monitoring of ground anchors in
Group Feature
I 1. Monitoring of ground anchors.
II 1. Different working loads of anchor.
Monitoring of 19.68 The items for monitoring of ground anchors shall, in accordance with General
ground anchors Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
(c) diversion of watercourses.
SURFACE PROTECTION
(i) chunam, sprayed concrete .............................................square metre.
Measurement 19.70 Surface protection shall only be measured if ordered by the Engineer or shown
on the Drawings and shall be measured as the surface area of the face to be
covered. No allowance shall be made for surface irregularities or other local
peculiarities.
165
Itemisation 19.71 Separate items shall be provided for surface protection in accordance with
Group Feature
I 1. Chunam.
2. Different grades of sprayed concrete.
II 1. Different thicknesses of layers.
III 1. With steel fabric reinforcement of different BS references.

2. With steel fibres of different dosages.
Chunam 19.72 The items for chunam shall, in accordance with General Preambles paragraph 2,
include for :
Item coverage (a) cleaning, trimming and regulating the surface to be covered;
(b) preliminary trial panels not accepted as part of the permanent
works;
(c) dowels;
(d) weepholes and filter materials;
(e) finishing and curing;
(f) removing.
Sprayed concrete 19.73 The items for sprayed concrete shall, in accordance with General Preambles
Item coverage (a) preliminary mix trials;

(b) preliminary trial panels not accepted as part of the permanent work;
(c) test specimens and test panels;
(d) preparation of surfaces to be covered;
(e) relief drains;
(f) reinforcement, fibres and anchor bars;
(g) admixtures;
(h) formwork;
(i) weepholes and filter materials;
(j) finishing and curing;
(k) sounding, and removal and replacement of substandard or hollow
areas;
(l) recording and supplying records to the Engineer.
166
GROUNDWATER CONTROL AND DRAWDOWN

(i) dewatering, groundwater recharge .............................................item.
Measurement 19.75 The measurement of dewatering and groundwater recharge shall be the complete
installation. Dewatering and groundwater recharge shall only be measured
where such operations are specially ordered by the Engineer.
Itemisation 19.76 Separate items shall be provided for groundwater control and drawdown in
Group Feature
I 1. Dewatering.
2. Groundwater recharge.
II 1. Different locations.
Dewatering 19.77 The items for dewatering shall, in accordance with General Preambles paragraph
2, include for :
Item coverage (a) provision, operation, maintenance and removal of all necessary
plant and equipment;
(b) obtaining necessary approvals from relevant authorities for
discharging water into drainage systems, watercourses or the sea;
(c) full-time site attendant where required;
(d) silt-traps;
(e) monitoring of groundwater levels and settlement, including all
necessary equipment;
Groundwater 19.78 The items for groundwater recharge shall, in accordance with General
recharge Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
Item coverage (a) provision, operation, maintenance and removal of all necessary
plant and equipment;
(b) full time site attendant where required;
(c) water;
(d) monitoring of groundwater levels, including all necessary
equipment and instruments;
(e) recording and supplying records to the Engineer.
167
168
SECTION 20
RAILWAY WORKS
BALLAST
(i) ballast ............................................................................cubic metre.
Measurement 20.02 The measurement of ballast shall be the volume measured to the outlines shown
on the Drawings less the embedded volume of sleepers.
Itemisation 20.03 Separate items shall be provided for ballast in accordance with General
Group Feature
I 1. Ballast.
II 1. Permanent-way.
2. Existing permanent-way.
III 1. Under occupation.
IV 1. Under isolation.
Ballast 20.04 The items for ballast shall, in accordance with General Preambles paragraph 2,
include for :
Item coverage (a) cleaning and preparing formation;

(b) depositing and compacting;
(c) boxing up to sleepers;
(d) dressing;
(e) protecting surfaces, including removing materials and rubbish,
cleaning and replacing ballast;
(f) ballast required due to settlement and consolidation.
169
CONCRETE PAVED PERMANENT-WAY

FOUNDATIONS
(i) concrete paved permanent-way

foundations .....................................................................linear metre.
(ii) concrete paved permanent-way foundations at turnouts and
crossings and additional width at permanent-way assemblies,
refuges and the like .......................................................square metre.
Measurement 20.06 The measurement of concrete paved permanent-way foundations shall be the
length along the centreline. The measurement of concrete paved
permanent-way foundations at turnouts and crossings, and additional width at
permanent-way assemblies, refuges and the like, shall be the top surface area of
the foundation.
Itemisation 20.07 Separate items shall be provided for concrete paved permanent-way foundations
Group Feature
I 1. Concrete paved permanent-way foundations.

2. Concrete paved permanent-way foundations at turnouts and
crossings, and additional width at permanent-way assemblies,
refuges and the like.
III 1. Different dimensions.
Concrete paved 20.08 The items for concrete paved permanent-way foundations shall, in accordance
permanent-way with General Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
foundations
Item coverage (a) preliminary trial lengths not accepted as part of the permanent
works;
(b) trial mixes;
(c) waterproof membrane underlay;
(d) longitudinal, expansion, contraction, warping and construction
joints;
(e) formwork;
(f) mixing, depositing, spreading, compaction and finishing;
(g) reinforcement;
(h) surface finishing, curing and protecting;
170
(i) recesses, openings and bays;

(j) falls, cambers and shaped profiles;
(k) side drains;
(l) holes, ducts, pockets, sockets, mortices and the like;
(m) casting in bolts, screws, bearing plates, lugs and the like;
(n) additives.
PERMANENT-WAY, PERMANENT-WAY
ASSEMBLIES AND PERMANENT-WAY
ACCESSORIES
(i) permanent-way ...............................................................linear metre.

(ii) permanent-way assemblies, permanent-way
accessories .............................................................................number.
Measurement 20.10 The measurement of permanent-way shall be the length along the centreline of
complete permanent-way (two-rail) excluding permanent-way assemblies
between stock rail joints and/or crossing joints.
20.11 The measurement of permanent-way assemblies and permanent-way accessories

shall be of the complete assembly or accessory.
Itemisation 20.12 Separate items shall be provided for permanent-way, permanent-way assemblies
and permanent-way accessories in accordance with General Principles
Group Feature
I 1. Permanent-way.
2. Permanent-way assemblies.
3. Permanent-way accessories.
III 1. Straight.
2. Curved exceeding 300.00 m radius.
3. Curved not exceeding 300.00 m radius.
IV 1. Existing permanent-way.
V 1. Under occupation.
171
Group Feature
VI 1. Under isolation.
VII 1. Track components supplied by the Employer.
Permanent-way 20.13 The items for permanent-way and permanent-way assemblies shall, in
and permanent- accordance with General Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
way assemblies
Item coverage (a) adzing and boring sleepers;

(b) cutting and bending rails;
(c) drilling, screwing, bolting, welding and jointing;
(d) spikes, rail clips, rail pads, adhesive and other fixing devices;
(e) wire brushing, oiling and greasing;
(f) assembling, laying, fixing and adjusting;
(g) lifting and packing;
(h) final aligning and levelling;
(i) destressing;
(j) markings;
(k) insulation;
(l) protective coatings and other surface treatment;
(m) keeping records and making available to the Engineer.
Permanent-way 20.14 The items for permanent-way accessories shall, in accordance with General
accessories Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
Item coverage (a) excavating in any material;

(d) concrete, reinforcement, formwork and granular materials to
foundations;
(f) reinstating;
(g) keeping records and making available to the Engineer.
SLEWING PERMANENT-WAY
(i) slewing permanent-way .................................................linear metre.
Measurement 20.16 The measurement of slewing permanent-way shall be the length along the
centreline of realigned permanent-way (two-rail) excluding permanent-way
assemblies between stock rail joints and/or crossing joints.
172
Itemisation 20.17 Separate items shall be provided for slewing permanent-way in accordance with
Group Feature
I 1. Slewing permanent-way.
II 1. Different types of permanent-way.
III 1. Straight.
2. Curved exceeding 300.00 m radius.
3. Curved not exceeding 300.00 m radius.
IV 1. Existing permanent-way.
V 1. Under occupation.
VI 1. Under isolation.
Slewing 20.18 The items for slewing permanent-way shall, in accordance with General
permanent-way Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
Item coverage (a) dismantling;

(b) skeletonising;
(c) cutting rails;
(d) drilling, screwing, bolting, welding and jointing;
(e) spikes and clips;
(f) wire brushing, oiling and greasing;
(g) re-assembling and relaying;
(h) lifting and packing;
(i) final aligning and levelling.
RELOCATING PERMANENT-WAY ASSEMBLIES

AND PERMANENT-WAY ACCESSORIES
(i) relocating permanent-way assemblies, relocating

permanent-way accessories ...................................................number.
Itemisation 20.20 Separate items shall be provided for relocating permanent-way assemblies and
accessories in accordance with General Principles paragraphs 3 and 4 and the
173
following :
Group Feature
I 1. Relocating permanent-way assemblies.

2. Relocating permanent-way accessories.
II 1. Different types of permanent-way assemblies.

2. Different types of permanent-way accessories.
III 1. Existing permanent-way.
IV 1. Under occupation.
V 1. Under isolation.
Relocating 20.21 The items for relocating permanent-way assemblies shall, in accordance with
permanent-way General Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
assemblies Corrigendum No. 1/93
Item coverage (a) dismantling;

(b) skeletonising;
(c) cutting rails;
(d) spikes and clips;
(e) drilling, screwing, bolting and welding;
(f) wire brushing, oiling and greasing;
(g) re-assembling, relaying, refixing and adjusting;
(h) lifting and packing;
(i) final alignment and levelling.
Relocating 20.22 The items for relocating permanent-way accessories shall, in accordance with
permanent-way General Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
accessories
Item coverage (a) excavating in any material;

foundations;
(f) reinstating.
174
SECTION 21
SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL
Note 21.01 Excavation, deposition and imported fill for covering material shall be measured
in accordance with the units of measurement, measurements and itemisation set
out in the Earthworks Section.
CONTROLLED TIPPING
(i) controlled tipping .....................................................................tonne.
Measurement 21.03 The measurement of controlled tipping shall be the net weight of material
brought into the Site by vehicle. Such net weight shall be the difference
between the laden weights of vehicles on entering the Site and the unladen
weights of those vehicles on leaving the Site, as measured by the weighbridge.
Itemisation 21.04 Separate items shall be provided for controlled tipping in accordance with
Group Feature
I 1. Controlled tipping.
II 1. Materials provided by others.

2. Extra over for unloading materials provided by others.
3. Materials provided and placed by others.
4. Materials provided by others and collected by the Contractor.
III 1. Different types of materials.
IV 1. Different sources and points of collection.
Controlled 21.05 The items for controlled tipping shall, in accordance with General Preambles
tipping paragraph 2, include for :
175
Item coverage (a) supervisors to direct the deposition of solid waste at designated
locations;
(b) disposal of particular wastes which require special treatment;
(c) equipment and assistance for carrying out density tests for sampling
of effluent and gas;
(d) spreading, levelling and compaction of covering materials;
(e) placing, spreading, levelling and trimming in layers;
(f) protecting and maintaining surfaces;
(g) compacting;
(h) benching;
(i) temporary access and drainage systems, including subsequent
removal;
(j) towing vehicles;
(k) extinguishing fires, including firefighting equipment and
subsequent removal;
(l) water spraying, including providing water and subsequent removal;
(m) lighting, including subsequent removal;
(n) removing materials dropped on Site;
(o) loading into transport;
(p) stockpiling, including providing areas for stockpiling;
(q) transporting within the Site;
(r) unloading from transport.
EXCAVATION IN TIP
(i) excavation in tip .............................................................cubic metre.
Measurement 21.07 The measurement for excavation in tip shall be the volume of void formed by
the excavation to the lines and levels directed by the Engineer.
21.08 The total volume of any one excavation in tip shall be assigned to the item with
a depth range within which its maximum depth falls.
Itemisation 21.09 Separate items shall be provided for excavation in tip in accordance with
Group Feature
I 1. Excavation in tip.
II 1. Depth not exceeding 3.00 m.

2. Depth exceeding 3.00 m but not exceeding 6.00 m and so on
in steps of 3.00 m.
176
Excavation in tip 21.10 The items for excavation in tip shall, in accordance with General Preambles
Item coverage (a) loading into transport and transportation within the Site;
(b) loosening and breaking up material before or in the process of
excavation;
(c) multiple handling of excavated material;
(d) selection and separation of materials;
(e) cleaning, preparing and trimming surfaces;
(f) temporary access and drainage systems, including subsequent
removal;
(g) backfilling and compacting;
(h) covering materials;
(i) gas abatement measures, including gas detection equipment and
ventilation.
WATERPROOFING
(i) waterproof sheeting, bitumen emulsion ........................square metre.
Measurement 21.12 The measurement of waterproofing shall be the area of surface to be covered.
No allowance shall be made for surface irregularities and other local
peculiarities.
Itemisation 21.13 Separate items shall be provided for waterproofing in accordance with General
Group Feature
I 1. Waterproof sheeting.
2. Bitumen emulsion.
II 1. Different types and thicknesses of waterproof sheeting.

2. Numbers of coats of bitumen emulsion.
Waterproofing 21.14 The items for waterproofing shall, in accordance with General Preambles
Item coverage (a) cleaning and preparing surfaces;

(b) joints and laps;
(c) protecting and maintaining surfaces;
(d) levelling courses;
(e) anchorages and anchor blocks;
(f) blocking up weepholes in chunam.
.
177
SETTLEMENT MARKERS
(i) settlement markers ...............................................................number.

(ii) settlement marker extensions ........................................linear metre.
Itemisation 21.16 Separate item shall be provided for settlement markers in accordance with
Group Feature
I 1. Settlement markers.
2. Settlement marker extensions.
II 1. Different types and sizes.
Settlement 21.17 The items for settlement markers and settlement marker extensions shall, in
markers and accordance with General Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
extensions

foundations;
(f) reinstating;
(g) taking readings, measurements, observations and records, and
supplying the records to the Engineer.
WEIGHBRIDGE
(i) weighbridge, removal of weighbridge, handing over

weighbridge to the Employer, repositioning
weighbridge ...........................................................................number.
(ii) operation and maintenance of weighbridge ..............................week.
Measurement 21.19 The measurement of operation and maintenance of weighbridge shall be the
weeks during which the weighbridge is operational.
Itemisation 21.20 Separate items shall be provided for weighbridge in accordance with General
178
Group Feature
I 1. Weighbridge.
2. Operation and maintenance of weighbridge.
3. Removal of weighbridge.
4. Handing over weighbridge to the Employer.
5. Repositioning weighbridge.
Weighbridge 21.21 The items for weighbridge shall, in accordance with General Preambles

(b) excavation, levelling and preparation of the site;
(f) tests and calibration of the weighbridge before use;
(g) recorder house including furniture.
Operation and 21.22 The items for operation and maintenance of weighbridge shall, in accordance
maintenance of with General Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
weighbridge
Item coverage (a) accessories for recording readings;

(b) calibration and checking;
(c) repairs and maintenance;
(d) charges for water, heating, power, lighting and telephone;
(e) weighbridge operators.
Removal of 21.23 The items for removal of weighbridge shall, in accordance with General
weighbridge Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
Item coverage (a) breaking up and disposal of foundations and the like;
(b) dismantling and removal of recorder house;
(c) disconnecting and removing services, and sealing of disused
services;
(d) filling pit and reinstatement.
Handing over 21.24 The items for handing over weighbridge to the Employer shall, in accordance
weighbridge to with General Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
the Employer
Item coverage (a) receiving back supplies, furniture and equipment not required by the
Employer;
(b) refurbishing, replacing, repairing and repainting.
179
Repositioning 21.25 The items for repositioning weighbridge shall, in accordance with General
weighbridge Preambles paragraph 2, include for :

(b) excavation, levelling and preparation of the site;
(f) tests and calibration of the weighbridge before use;
(g) recorder house including furniture;
(h) breaking up and disposal of foundations and the like;
(i) dismantling and removal of recorder house;
(j) disconnecting and removing services, and sealing off disused
services;
(k) backfilling pit and reinstatement.
GAS OUTLETS
(i) gas outlets ..............................................................................number.

(ii) gas outlet extensions, driving gas outlet pipes and
extensions .......................................................................linear metre.
Measurement 21.27 The measurement of driving gas outlet pipes and extensions shall be the length
of pipe measured from the formed surface at the time of driving to the tip of the
shoe.
Itemisation 21.28 Separate items shall be provided for gas outlets in accordance with General
Group Feature
I 1. Gas outlets.
2. Gas outlet extensions.
3. Driving gas outlet pipes and extensions.
II 1. Different types and sizes of gas outlets and extensions.
III 1. Different diameters of pipes.
IV 1. Depth of driving not exceeding 5.00 m.

2. Depth of driving exceeding 5.00 m but not exceeding 10.00 m
180
Gas outlets and 21.29 The items for gas outlets and gas outlet extensions shall, in accordance with
gas outlet General Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
extensions

foundations;
(f) reinstating;
(g) pipes, sockets, shoes and cap covers;
(h) joints;
(i) perforating, jointing, cutting and welding.
Driving gas outlet 21.30 The items for driving gas outlet pipes and extensions shall, in accordance with
pipes and General Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
extensions
Item coverage (a) driving in any material.

181
182
SECTION 22
BRICKWORK AND MASONRY
BRICKWORK AND BLOCKWORK

(i) brickwork, blockwork ...................................................square metre.
Measurement 22.02 The measurement for brickwork and blockwork shall be the length or girth
along the centreline multiplied by the vertical height stating the thickness, or in
the case of walls with battered faces, stating the average thickness. No
deduction shall be made for openings each not exceeding 0.10 square metres.
Itemisation 22.03 Separate items shall be provided for brickwork and blockwork in accordance
Group Feature
I 1. Different types of brickwork.

2. Different types of blockwork.
II 1. Different thicknesses.
III 1. Different bonds.
IV 1. Curved on plan.
V 1. With a battered face.
VI 1. In walls.
2. In facework.
3. In columns and piers.
4. In arches.
Brickwork and 22.04 The items for brickwork and blockwork shall, in accordance with General
blockwork Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
183
Item coverage (a) jointing, pointing and fair-faced work, including rough and fair
cutting;
(b) brick copings, bands, plinths, corbels, sills, bull-noses and the like;
(c) forming chases, rebates, recesses, angles, quoins and the like;
(d) ties, dowels, cramps, joggles and the like;
(e) centering and temporary supports;
(f) bonding into existing work;
(g) reinforcement;
(h) filling the cavity between the brickwork and the backing;
(i) building in doors, windows, louvres, lintels, sills, pipes, holdfasts,
bolts and the like and forming small openings;
(j) construction and subsequent demolition of trial panels;
(k) damp proof courses.
MASONRY
Note 22.05 The term masonry shall be taken for the purpose of this Section to include cast
stonework.
(i) mass masonry .................................................................cubic metre.

(ii) masonry facing, masonry walls ....................................square metre.
(iii) coping, specially shaped and dressed string courses, arches and the
like ..................................................................................linear metre.
(iv) individual masonry blocks, features or
stones .....................................................................................number.
Measurement 22.07 For mass masonry no deduction shall be made from the measurement for voids
each not exceeding 0.15 cubic metres.
22.08 The measurement of masonry facing and masonry walls shall be the length or
girth along the centreline multiplied by the vertical height stating the thickness,
or in the case of walls with battered faces, stating the average thickness. No
deduction shall be made for openings each not exceeding 0.10 square metres.
Itemisation 22.09 Separate items shall be provided for masonry in accordance with General
Group Feature
I 1. Mass masonry.
2. Masonry facing.
3. Masonry wall.
4. Masonry coping.
5. Specially shaped and dressed string courses of masonry.
6. Arches.
7. Individual masonry blocks, features or stones.
184
Group Feature
IV 1. Different coursing.
V 1. Curved on plan.
VI 1. With a battered face.
VII 1. In lining to watercourses.

2. In pitching to slopes.
3. In facing to seawalls.
Masonry 22.10 The items for masonry shall, in accordance with General Preambles paragraph 2,
include for :
Item coverage (a) setting, bedding, jointing, coursing, forming angles and quoins,
grouting, pointing and fair-faced work, including rough and fair
cutting;
(b) centering and temporary supports;
(c) bonding into existing work;
(d) ties, dowels, cramps, joggles or other fixing devices, including
sinkings, mortices and running in;
(e) tying to concrete or other types of structures;
(f) filling the cavity between the masonry and the backing;
(g) building in doors, windows, louvres, lintels, sills, pipes, holdfasts,
bolts and the like, and forming small openings;
(h) damp proof course;
(i) reinforcement;
(j) forming grooves, rebates, recesses, stoolings and weatherings;
(k) marking for identification and delivery in any matching sequence;
(l) construction and subsequent demolition of trial panels;
(m) temporary protection and subsequent removal.
185
186
SECTION 23
FINISHINGS
FINISHINGS
(i) finishings, painting .......................................................square metre.

(ii) skirtings, nosings and the like ........................................linear metre.
Measurement 23.02 The measurement of finishings shall be the area of the exposed face. No
Itemisation 23.03 Separate items shall be provided for finishings in accordance with General
Group Feature
I 1. Different types of finishings.

2. Different types of skirtings, nosings and the like.
3. Different types of painting.
II 1. Different thicknesses of finishings.

2. Different sizes of skirtings, nosings and the like.
III 1. To soffits and beams.

2. To walls and columns.
3. To floors.
4. To roofs.
5. To kerbs, treads, risers and the like.
IV 1. Curved.
V 1. Internal.
2. External.
Finishings, etc. 23.04 The items for finishings, painting, skirtings, nosings and the like shall, in
accordance with General Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
Item coverage (a) preparation of the surface to receive the finishing or to be painted;
187
(b) beds and backings, adhesive, bitumen and the like;

(c) ties, lathing, reinforcement, beads, grounds and the like;
(d) vapour barrier;
(e) forming angles, edges, joints, working into channels and recessed
covers and working around pipes, metal sections and the like;
(f) cutting tiles at angles, boundaries and the like and around pipes,
metal sections and the like;
(g) special tiles at edges, angles and corners;
(h) ends, angles, outlets and ramps to skirtings, nosings and the like;
(i) pointing, grouting, surface dressing and finishing;
(j) construction and subsequent demolition of trial panels of finishings;
(k) polishing;
(l) masking adjacent surfaces to prevent contamination during painting;
(m) displaying warning signs adjacent to newly painted surfaces.
188
SECTION 24
LANDSCAPE SOFTWORKS AND

ESTABLISHMENT WORKS
PREPARATION WORKS
(i) ground cleaning, scarifying, ripping, cultivation, soiling, soil

conditioners, fertilizers, mulching ................................square metre.
Itemisation 24.02 Separate items shall be provided for preparation works in accordance with
Group Feature
I 1. Ground cleaning.
2. Scarifying.
3. Ripping.
4. Cultivation.
5. Soiling.
6. Soil conditioners.
7. Fertilizers.
8. Mulching.
II 1. Different depths.
2. Different rates of application.
Ground cleaning 24.03 The items for ground cleaning shall, in accordance with General Preambles
Item coverage (a) removal of all rubbish, weeds, stones and other debris, and disposal
off Site;
(b) excavation and disposal of contaminated ground, and replacement
with imported soil.
Scarifying, 24.04 The items for scarifying, ripping and cultivation shall, in accordance with
ripping and General Preambles paragraph 2, include for:
cultivation
Item coverage (a) removal of stones and all debris produced by scarifying, ripping and
cultivation, and disposal off Site;
(b) protection of prepared ground against compaction, erosion and
siltation.
189
Soiling 24.05 The items for soiling shall, in accordance with General Preambles paragraph 2,
include for:
Item coverage (a) mixing, depositing, spreading, levelling and consolidation;

(b) multiple handling;
(c) protection of prepared ground against compaction, erosion and
siltation;
(d) soil-mix from any source.
Soil conditioners, 24.06 The items for soil conditioners, fertilizers and mulching shall, in accordance
fertilizers and with General Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
mulching
Item coverage (a) storage and multiple handling;

(b) spreading and levelling.
PLANTING WORKS
(i) grassing .........................................................................square metre.

(ii) trees, shrubs and other stated plants .....................................number.
Itemisation 24.08 Separate items shall be provided for planting works in accordance with General
Group Feature
I 1. Grassing.
2. Trees.
3. Shrubs.
4. Other stated plants.
II 1. Broadcast seeding.
2. Hydroseeding.
3. Turfing.
4. Sprigging.
III 1. Different species.
IV 1. Different sizes.
V 1. Rootballed.
2. Containerised.
190
Grassing 24.09 The items for grassing shall, in accordance with General Preambles paragraph 2,
include for :
Item coverage (a) surface preparation, including removal of stones, fine tilth
cultivation and final grading;
(b) pegging, netting, sheeting and biodegradable fabric;
(c) fertilising, soil conditioning, mulching and topdressing;
(d) watering, weeding and cutting.
Trees, shrubs and 24.10 The items for trees, shrubs and other stated plants shall, in accordance with
other stated General Preambles paragraph 2, include for:
plants
Item coverage (a) excavation, backfill and disposal off Site of all surplus and
unsuitable material;
(b) fertilising, soil conditioning, mulching and top dressing;
(c) watering, weeding and pruning;
(d) stakes, ties, guys, sleeves and adjusters;
(e) reinstatement.
ESTABLISHMENT WORKS
(i) General establishment works .....................................................item.

(ii) Weeding, post-planting fertiliser to grass and shrub areas,
grass cutting, mulching and forking over .....................square metre.
(iii) Post-planting fertiliser to trees, pruning of specified
plants .....................................................................................number.
Itemisation 24.12 Separate items shall be provided for establishment works in accordance with
Group Feature
I 1. General establishment works.

2. Weeding.
3. Post-planting fertiliser.
4. Grass cutting.
5. Mulching.
6. Forking-over.
7. Pruning.
II 1. Planted areas in bare ground.

2. Planted areas other than in bare ground.
191
Group Feature
III 1. Different categories of grass.

2. Different sizes of tree.
3. Different species of shrubs.
IV 1. Different depths.
General 24.13 The items for general establishment works shall, in accordance with General
establishment Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
works
Item coverage (a) watering;

(b) insect and pest control;
(c) protecting, including netting and sheeting;
(d) removing litter, stones, rubbish and the like;
(e) firming up;
(f) regrassing where the grass fails to become established;
(g) securing and adjusting stakes, ties and guys;
(h) plant replacements and replanting;
(i) fencing, signboards and notices.
Weeding, grass 24.14 The items for weeding, grass cutting, forking-over and pruning shall, in
cutting, forking- accordance with General Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
over and pruning
Item coverage (a) removal of all organic and other debris produced by the weeding,
grass cutting, forking-over and pruning, and disposal off Site;
(b) firming-up any plant material affected by the item;
(c) reinstatement.
Fertilisers and 24.15 The items for fertilisers and mulching shall, in accordance with General
mulching Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
Item coverage (a) storage and multiple handling;

(b) spreading and levelling.
192
SECTION 25
TESTING
PILE TESTING
(i) establishment of pile testing equipment .....................................item.

(ii) load test, integrity test ...........................................................number.
(iii) sonic test, core test .........................................................linear metre.
(iv) other stated test ................................................number, linear metre.
Measurement 25.02 Establishment of pile testing equipment shall be measured separately for each
bridge or structure.
25.03 The measurement of load tests and integrity tests shall be the number of tests
ordered by the Engineer.
25.04 The measurement of sonic tests shall be the total length of tested pile as ordered
by the Engineer.
25.05 The measurement of core tests shall be the total length of pile drilled as ordered
by the Engineer.
25.06 The measurement of other stated tests shall be the total length of tested pile or
the number of tests ordered by the Engineer.
25.07 Re-testing or additional testing where the original test has identified defective
materials or workmanship shall not be measured.
Itemisation 25.08 Separate items shall be provided for pile testing in accordance with General
Group Feature
I 1. Establishment of pile testing equipment.

2. Load test.
3. Sonic test.
4. Core test.
5. Integrity test.
6. Other stated tests.
II 1. Different types of tests.

193
Group Feature
III 1. Different types of piles.
2. Main piling.
V 1. Load tests of different specified load and/or different angles of

application of load.
VI 1. Different diameters of cores.
Establishment of 25.09 The items for establishment of pile testing equipment shall, in accordance with
pile testing General Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
equipment
Item coverage (a) bringing test rigs, kentledge and equipment for load tests, boring
rigs, sonic testing equipment, integrity testing equipment and plant,
and material and equipment necessary to perform any other stated
tests to the site of the bridge or other structure, maintaining and
subsequently removing them;
(b) moving between test sites.
Load test, sonic 25.10 The items for load test, sonic test, core test, integrity test and other stated tests
test, etc. shall, in accordance with General Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
Item coverage (a) setting up rigs, kentledge, cable anchorages, anchor piles and
reference bench marks;
(b) setting up, operating, calibrating and maintaining instruments and
apparatus required to complete the test;
(c) constructing temporary pile caps and subsequently stripping off;
(d) applying and re-applying the test load, and releasing;
(e) taking readings, measurements and observations of the test, and
recording and supplying the record of each test to the Engineer;
(f) recovery and storage of cores;
(g) cutting and test of cores;
(h) reinstatement of bore hole;
(i) re-testing and additional testing.
194
TESTING PRECAST CONCRETE MEMBERS

(i) testing precast concrete members .........................................number.
Measurement 25.12 The measurement of testing precast concrete members shall be the number of
tests ordered and accepted by the Engineer as giving satisfactory results.
Itemisation 25.13 Separate items shall be provided for testing precast concrete members in
Group Feature
I 1. Non destructive tests.

2. Destructive tests.
II 1. Different types of test.
III 1. Different types of precast concrete member.
IV 1. Different sizes of member.
Testing precast 25.14 The items for testing precast concrete members shall, in accordance with the
concrete General Preambles paragraph 2, include for:
members
Item coverage (a) transportation of members to and erection at the place of test, and
subsequent removal;
(b) the cost of testing at the Contractor's option, all other prestressed
members in the same batch of members as that member found on
test to be unsatisfactory;
(c) taking readings, measurements and observations of members under
test, and recording and supplying the record of each test to the
Engineer;
(d) in the case of destructive tests supply of the member.
TESTING BEARINGS
(i) testing bearings .....................................................................number.

195
Measurement 25.16 The measurement of testing bearings shall be the number of tests ordered and
accepted by the Engineer as giving satisfactory results.
Itemisation 25.17 Separate items shall be provided for testing bearings in accordance with General
Group Feature
I 1. Compression tests.
2. Shear tests.
3. Bond tests.
4. Tests for physical properties.
5. Weathering tests.
6. Friction tests.
7. Vertical load tests.
8. Horizontal load tests.
9. Other tests.
II 1. Different types of bearings.
III 1. Different sizes of bearings.
Testing bearings 25.18 The items for testing bearings shall, in accordance with the General Preambles
Item coverage (a) taking readings, measurements and observations of the performance
of bearings under test, and recording and supplying the record of
each test to the Engineer;
(b) in the case of destructive tests, supply of the sample;
(c) re-testing.
PRESSURE TESTING PIPE JOINTS, PIPELINES AND

FITTINGS
(i) pressure testing pipe joints, pressure testing pipelines, pressure

testing pipe fittings ................................................................number.
Measurement 25.20 The measurement of pressure testing pipe joints and pipe fittings shall be the
number of joints and fittings tested as ordered and accepted by the Engineer as
giving satisfactory results.
196
25.21 The measurement of pressure testing pipelines shall be the number of sections of
the pipeline tested as ordered and accepted by the Engineer as giving
satisfactory results.
Itemisation 25.22 Separate items shall be provided for pressure testing pipe joints, pipelines and
pipe fittings in accordance with General Principles paragraphs 3 and 4 and the
following :
Group Feature
I 1. Pressure testing pipe joints.

2. Pressure testing pipelines.
3. Pressure testing pipe fittings.
II 1. Different types of joints.

2. Different types of fittings.
III 1. Different pipe diameters.
Pressure testing 25.23 The items for pressure testing pipe joints shall, in accordance with General
pipe joints Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
Item coverage (a) additional internal or external welding to pipe joints;

(b) tapping holes and installing pipe sockets for fitting the compressed
air system;
(c) compressed air and water, including taking delivery of water
supplied by the Employer, transporting to Site and/or point of use
and draining on completion;
(d) taking readings, measurements and observations of joints under test,
and recording and supplying the record of each test to the Engineer;
(e) re-testing.
Pressure testing 25.24 The items for pressure testing pipelines shall, in accordance with General
pipelines Preambles paragraph 2, include for:
Item coverage (a) excavation for and construction of temporary anchor or thrust
blocks, and their subsequent removal and backfilling;
(b) connections and pumps for the charging and discharging of the
pipeline;
(c) temporary strutting;
(d) caps and blank flanges;
(e) water, including taking delivery of water supplied by the Employer,
transporting to Site and/or point of use and draining on completion;
(f) taking readings, measurements and observations of the pipeline
under test, and recording and supplying the record of each test to
the Engineer;
197
(g) re-testing;
(h) checking cleanliness of the pipeline and ensuring that the valves are
fully open prior to the pressure testing.
Pressure testing 25.25 The items for pressure testing pipe fittings shall, in accordance with General
pipe fittings Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
Item coverage (a) connections and pumps for the charging and discharging of the
pipeline;
(b) temporary strutting and supports;
(c) water, including taking delivery of water supplied by the Employer,
(e) taking reading, measurements and observations of the fittings under
test and recording and supplying the records of each test to the
Engineer;
(f) re-testing.
TESTING WATER RETAINING STRUCTURES
(i) testing water retaining structures ...............................................item.
Itemisation 25.27 Separate items shall be provided for testing water retaining structures in
Group Feature
I 1. Testing water retaining structures.
II 1. Different types or sections of structures.
Testing water 25.28 The items for testing water retaining structures shall, in accordance with General
retaining Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
structures
Item coverage (a) cleaning and sterilizing including taking delivery of water and
sterilizing chemicals supplied by the Employer, transporting to Site
and/or point of use and draining on completion of test;
(b) taking delivery of water for testing supplied by the Employer,
(c) connections and pumps for the charging and discharging;
(d) temporary strutting;
(e) caps and blank flanges;
198
(f) taking reading, measurements and observations of the structure

under test, and recording and supplying the record of each test to
the Engineer, including taking delivery of testing equipment
supplied by the Employer, transporting to Site and/or point of use
and removal on completion of test;
(g) temporary enclosure for testing equipment and removal on
completion;
(h) retesting.
TESTING WELDS
(i) testing welds ..........................................................................number.
Measurement 25.30 The measurement of testing welds shall be the number of tests ordered and
accepted by the Engineer as giving satisfactory results.
Itemisation 25.31 Separate items shall be provided for testing welds in accordance with General
Group Feature
I 1. Non-destructive test.
2. Destructive test.
II 1. Different types of test.
III 1. Different types of weld.
IV 1. Different types of member.
Testing welds 25.32 The items for testing welds shall, in accordance with the General Preambles
Item coverage (a) setting up, operating and maintaining instruments and apparatus
required to complete the test;
(b) taking readings, measurements and observations of welds under
test, and recording and supplying one copy of the record of each test
to the Engineer;
(c) in the case of destructive tests, supply of the sample;
(d) re-testing.
199
200
SECTION 26
MISCELLANEOUS
DOORS, WINDOWS, LOUVRES AND ROLLER

SHUTTERS
(i) doors, windows, louvres, roller shutters ...............................number.
Itemisation 26.02 Separate items shall be provided for doors, windows, louvres and roller shutters
Group Feature
I 1. Doors.
2. Windows.
3. Louvres.
4. Roller shutters.
Doors, windows, 26.03 The items for doors, windows, louvres and roller shutters shall, in accordance
etc. with General Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
Item coverage (a) frames, guide rails, hoods, casings and the like;
(b) bedding and pointing;
(c) dowels, cramps, bolts, adhesive, timber pellets, sealants and the
like;
(d) glazing, including beads, putty and sealing;
(e) fittings and furniture and flyscreens;
(f) preservatives, protective treatment and painting;
(g) rat guards, weather bars, weather strips, waterstops, security bars
and the like;
(h) window poles;
(i) forming holes, pockets, sockets, mortices joints, and the like;
(j) fabrication drawings.
201
PLUMBING
(i) pipes ...............................................................................linear metre.

(ii) extra over for valves and stopcocks ......................................number.
(iii) sanitary appliances ................................................................number.
Itemisation 26.05 Separate items shall be provided for plumbing in accordance with General
Group Feature
I 1. Pipes.
2. Extra over for valves and stopcocks.
3. Sanitary appliances.
III 1. Different sizes or diameters.
Pipes, etc. 26.06 The items for pipes, extra over for valves and stopcocks shall, in accordance
with General Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
Item coverage (a) bends, junctions, tees, tapers, joints, cleaning eyes, inspection
doors, adaptors, connectors and the like;
(b) fixings, hangers, brackets, blocks and the like;
(c) labelling and marking;
(d) external protection, insulation, and painting;
(e) in the case of water supply pipes, cleansing and sterilisation,
including taking delivery of water and chemicals supplied by the
Employer, transportation to Site and/or point of use and draining on
completion.
Sanitary 26.07 The items for sanitary appliances shall, in accordance in General Preambles
appliances paragraph 2, include for :
Item coverage (a) joints to pipes;

(b) fixings, brackets and the like;
(c) bedding, jointing, pointing and sealing;
(d) chains, plugs, handles, taps, roses, cisterns, traps and the like.
202
SUNDRY METALWORK
(i) flooring .........................................................................square metre.

(ii) covers, ladders, step irons .....................................................number.
Measurement 26.09 Sundry metalwork shall only be measured where the items are not included in
the item coverage of other work.
Itemisation 26.10 Separate items for sundry metalwork shall be provided in accordance with
Group Feature
I 1. Flooring.
2. Covers.
3. Ladders.
4. Step irons.
Sundry 26.11 The items for sundry metalwork shall, in accordance with General Preambles
metalwork paragraph 2, include for :
Item coverage (a) forming holes, pockets, sockets, mortices and the like;
(b) building in, including fixings, grouting and bedding, casting in
bolts, baseplates and the application of bonding agents, fillers and
sealing materials;
(c) protective treatment and painting;
(d) insulation;
(e) frames;
(f) ironmongery.
ASPHALT ROOFING
(i) asphalt roofing ..............................................................square metre.

(ii) skirtings ..........................................................................linear metre.
203
Measurement 26.13 The measurement of asphalt roofing shall be the plan area covered. No
deduction shall be made for opening each not exceeding one square metre.
Itemisation 26.14 Separate items for asphalt roofing shall be provided in accordance with General
Group Feature
I 1. Asphalt roofing.
2. Skirtings.
II 1. Horizontal surfaces and inclined surfaces sloping at 300 or less

to the horizontal.
2. Vertical surfaces and inclined surfaces sloping at more than
300 to the horizontal.
3. Different thicknesses of asphalt roofing.
4. Different sizes of skirtings.
III 1. Curved.
2. Domed.
Asphalt roofing 26.15 The items for asphalt roofing shall, in accordance with General Preambles
Item coverage (a) preparation, cleaning and drying surfaces;

(b) isolating membrane;
(c) reinforcement;
(d) forming angle fillets, internal angles, mitres, stops and the like;
(e) dressing into rainwater outlets, including flashings;
(f) cleaning and priming metal surfaces affected by roofing;
(g) sealing at edges and around interruptions and projections;
(h) dressing around pipe sleeves passing through roof;
(i) surface finishing;
(j) solar protection;
(k) screeding and forming drainage channels.
Skirtings 26.16 The items for skirtings shall, in accordance with General Preambles paragraph
2, include for :
Item coverage (a) preparing, cleaning and drying surfaces;

(b) isolating membrane;
(c) reinforcement;
(d) turning top edge into groove, including forming or cutting groove;
(e) forming angle fillets, internal angles, mitres, stops and the like;
(f) surface finishing;
(g) solar protection.
204
WORK FOR ELECTRICAL AND MECHANICAL

INSTALLATIONS
Note 26.17 Internal fire barriers shall be measured in accordance with the units of
measurement, measurements and itemisation set out in the relevant Sections for
Formwork, Steel Reinforcement, Concrete, Brickwork and Masonry,
Miscellaneous and the like.
(i) electrical conduits, cable ducts ......................................linear metre.

(ii) light fittings, earthing pits .....................................................number.
(iii) earthing trenches ............................................................linear metre.
(iv) grouting .........................................................................square metre.
Itemisation 26.19 Separate items shall be provided for electrical conduits, cable ducts, light
fittings, earthing pits, earthing trenches and grouting in accordance with General
Group Feature
I 1. Electrical conduits.
2. Cable ducts.
3. Light fittings.
4. Earthing pits.
5. Earthing trenches.
6. Grouting.

2. Different sizes.
3. Different thicknesses.
IV 1. Different types of bed, surround or filling.
V 1. In trench, depth to invert not exceeding 1.50 m.

2. In trench, depth to invert exceeding 1.50 m but not exceeding
2.50 m and so on in steps of 1.00 m.
3. Fixed to concrete.
4. Fixed to brickwork or blockwork.
5. Fixed to steelwork.
6. Fixed to reinforcement.
7. Fixed in chases.
8. Fixed to other stated supports or surfaces.
205
Electrical 26.20 The items for electrical conduits and cable ducts shall, in accordance with
conduits, cable General Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
ducts

(b) in the case of conduits and ducts installed below ground, cutting,
laying, jointing and bedding conduits or ducts and fittings;
(c) in the case of conduits and ducts installed above ground, cutting,
fitting and jointing conduits or ducts and fittings;
(d) in the case of conduits and ducts installed below ground, laying and
compacting bedding, haunching and surround material, backfilling
and compaction, reinstatement of topsoil and turf, and disposal of
surplus excavated material;
(e) in the case of conduits and ducts installed above ground, cutting or
forming holes, mortices, pockets, chases and the like, temporary
covers and making good;
(f) fixings, fittings, hangers, stools and other discrete supports;
(g) protective treatment and painting;
(h) movement joints;
(i) temporary sealing ends of conduits or ducts;
(j) measures to prevent collection of condensed moisture or entry of
water;
(k) cleaning;
(l) draw wires, plugs, marker blocks and identification tape.
Light fittings 26.21 The items for light fittings shall, in accordance with General Preambles
Item coverage (a) construction of bases or recesses;

(b) installation and fixing in position;
(c) casting in bolts;
(d) internal wiring and connections;
(e) internal fuses, switches, cut-outs and the like;
(f) testing and commissioning.
Earthing pits, 26.22 The items for earthing pits and earthing trenches shall, in accordance with
earthing trenches General Preambles paragraph 2, include for :

(b) building in duct connections, including ducts and fittings;
(c) covers, frames and lifting keys;
(d) formwork and moulds;
(e) reinforcement and steel sections;
(f) backfilling with general fill material and compaction;
(g) disposal of surplus excavated material;
(h) fill material in pit or trench.
Grouting 26.23 The items for grouting shall, in accordance with General Preambles paragraph 2,
include for :
Item coverage (a) scabbling concrete surfaces to receive grout;

(b) cleaning voids to receive grout;
(c) grouting holding down bolts;
(d) formwork;
(e) curing exposed edges.
206
SECTION 27
DAYWORK
DAYWORK
(i) labour .........................................................................................hour.

(ii) plant ........................................................................Provisional Sum.
(iii) materials ..................................................................Provisional Sum.
Measurement 27.02 The measurement of labour shall be the aggregate time employed on the item of
daywork to the nearest hour. Meal breaks and rest periods shall not be
measured. Travelling time by labour from their normal place of employment on
the Site to and from the location where daywork is to be carried out, shall also
be measured.
Normal working hours shall be 0800 hours to 1700 hours on all days excluding
General Holidays. Daywork ordered by the Engineer to be executed outside the
normal working hours shall be measured as overtime. Overtime shall be paid at
the rates for normal working hours plus a percentage to be inserted by the
tenderer.
Voluntary overtime on all days including General Holidays will be measured as

normal working hours. Voluntary overtime is when the Contractor elects to
execute daywork outside the normal working hours.
If, in the opinion of the Engineer, daywork is ordered to be carried out under
dangerous or exceptionally foul conditions, then the labour shall be measured as
1.5 times the time spent working under such conditions.
27.03 The rates contained in the "HKCA Schedules For Plant Used in Dayworks
Carried Out Incidental to Contract Work" current at the date for return of Tender
shall be used for plant employed on daywork. The "Notes and Conditions"
contained therein are deleted.
The rates shall be exclusive of drivers and attendants.
Minimum measurement shall be for the basic hire period quoted in the schedule
under each item.
An additional 3 hours is to be measured for each item of land-based plant, and

an additional 6 hours for each item of marine plant, specially brought on Site on
the instructions of the Engineer to carry out daywork, and a further 3 hours or 6
hours for each such respective item of plant that is removed from Site on
completion of the daywork.
6 hours is to be measured for any transport used to carry or tow land-based

plant, and 12 hours for any transport used to carry or tow marine plant,
to Site for use on daywork, or used for their respective removal from Site on
207
completion of the daywork.
For land-based plant mounted on marine craft, the percentage adjustment

appropriate to marine plant shall apply to the rates quoted for the land-based
plant in the schedule.
On-Site transportation of labour, materials or plant used on daywork to or from

the daywork location is to be measured.
Standing time shall be included in the measurement of plant where the nature of
the daywork requires intermittent working. Where standing time for any item of
plant is ordered by the Engineer, such plant shall be measured as two thirds of
the time standing during normal working hours.
27.04 The measurement of materials shall be the actual quantity of materials

incorporated in the Works measured on a daywork basis except if the material is
only obtainable in minimum quantities, then any surplus material arising
therefrom and which cannot otherwise be used in the Works shall also be
measured. Such surplus material may be retained for use by the Employer or
disposed of, as directed by the Engineer.
Payment shall be made at invoiced cost after the deduction of all discounts
obtained by the Contractor but inclusive of any suppliers' delivery charges to the
Site.
Collection and distribution of materials by the Contractor shall be measured.
Itemisation 27.05 Separate items shall be provided for daywork in accordance with General
Group Feature
I 1. Labour working during normal working hours.

2. Provisional Sum for labour working overtime.
3. Percentage adjustment to the Provisional Sum for labour
working overtime.
4. Provisional Sum for plant.
5. Percentage adjustment to the Provisional Sum for plant.
6. Provisional Sum for materials.
7. Percentage adjustment to the Provisional Sum for materials.
II 1. Different types of labour.

2. Different periods of overtime.
3. Different categories of plant.
208
Labour 27.06 The items for labour shall, in accordance with General Preambles paragraph 2,
include for :
Item coverage (a) hand tools, ladders, trestles and the like;
(b) protective clothing and safety equipment;
(c) supervision;
(d) use of existing services and temporary works;
(e) meal breaks and rest periods;
(f) travelling time to and from the Site.
Plant 27.07 The items for plant used on daywork shall, in accordance with General
Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
Item coverage (a) fuel, consumable stores, insurance, repairs and maintenance.
Percentage 27.08 The items for percentage addition to materials used on daywork shall, in
addition to accordance with General Preambles paragraph 2, include for :
materials
Item coverage (a) taking delivery, unloading, unpacking, storing and protecting.
209

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THE GOVERNMENT OF THE

STANDARD METHOD OF MEASUREMENT

CIVIL ENGINEERING WORKS

(This Version is Continuously Updated to include Corrigenda issued)

Rev Issue Date Corrigendum Incorporated

© The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region

Publications Sales Unit

• Visit the online Government Bookstore at www.bookstore.gov.hk

The Method of Measurement is to be cited as "Standard Method of Measurement

RULES FOR PREPARING BILLS OF QUANTITIES

General 1. The Bills of Quantities shall comprise the following :

- General and Particular Preambles

Corrigendum No. 1/2007

Units of 2. The following unit abbreviations shall be used :

If it is intended that an item of work is to be paid as a lump sum, “item” shall be

Materials supplied 4. Not used.

Marine work and 5. Not used.

(i) General Attendance provided by the Contractor in connection therewith

PREAMBLES TO THE BILLS OF QUANTITIES

(i) provision of labour and costs in connection therewith;

Corrigendum No. 1/2007

General Attendance 7. General Attendance in connection with Nominated Sub-contractors shall

Work affected by 9. Not used.

Corrigendum No. 1/2007

UNITS AND METHOD OF MEASUREMENT

TEMPORARY ACCOMMODATION FOR THE

Units 1.02 The units of measurement shall be :

(i) erection of temporary accommodation for the Engineer,

(ii) servicing of temporary accommodation for the

II 1. Principal offices for the Engineer.

Item coverage (a) provision of areas within the Site;

TEMPORARY ACCOMMODATION FOR THE

(i) temporary accommodation for the

I 1. Temporary accommodation for the Contractor.

MAINTENANCE OF TRAFFIC FLOW

(i) provision of measures, maintenance of measures, removal of

II 1. To maintain land traffic flow.

Item coverage (a) permits and licences;

Item coverage (a) operatives;

SECURITIES, SURETIES AND INSURANCES

(i) securities or sureties, insurance of the Works, third party

TRANSPORT FOR THE USE OF THE ENGINEER

I 1. Land transport for the use of the Engineer.

II 1. Different types of land transport.

Item coverage (a) delivery of an approved vehicle in proper working order;

Item coverage (a) delivery of an approved vessel in proper working order;

Item coverage (a) licence, insurance and mooring fees;

DATA PROCESSING EQUIPMENT FOR THE

(i) Contract Computer Facilities for the

I 1. Contract Computer Facilities for the Engineer.

II 1. Installed in the Engineer's Site office.

III 1. To be handed over to the Employer as detailed in the

(k) replacement of any item when the original item is unserviceable;

Corrigendum No. 1/99

(i) set of progress photographs, record

I 1. Set of progress photographs.

Item coverage (a) album for mounting photographs;

HOARDINGS, TEMPORARY FENCES AND