Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 249 views

    Numerical Methods Bracketing Method

    Uploaded by

    Kenneth Hernandez Hermosilla
    1) The document discusses root-finding methods, specifically bracketing methods, to solve for the mass (m) in an equation modeling a bungee jumper. 2) It explains the bisection method, which divides the interval in half at each step, and the false position method, which uses linear interpolation. 3) As an example, it shows applying the bisection and false position methods to solve the bungee jumper equation numerically, tracking the interval bounds and error at each step until reaching an error threshold.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Numerical Methods Bracketing Method

    Uploaded by

    Kenneth Hernandez Hermosilla
    249 views17 pages
    1) The document discusses root-finding methods, specifically bracketing methods, to solve for the mass (m) in an equation modeling a bungee jumper. 2) It explains the bisection method, which divides the interval in half at each step, and the false position method, which uses linear interpolation. 3) As an example, it shows applying the bisection and false position methods to solve the bungee jumper equation numerically, tracking the interval bounds and error at each step until reaching an error threshold.

    Original Description:

    Method for finding roots

    Original Title

    Numerical Methods Bracketing method

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    1) The document discusses root-finding methods, specifically bracketing methods, to solve for the mass (m) in an equation modeling a bungee jumper. 2) It explains the bisection method, which divides the interval in half at each step, and the false position method, which uses linear interpolation. 3) As an example, it shows applying the bisection and false position methods to solve the bungee jumper equation numerically, tracking the interval bounds and error at each step until reaching an error threshold.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    249 views17 pages

    Numerical Methods Bracketing Method

    Uploaded by

    Kenneth Hernandez Hermosilla
    1) The document discusses root-finding methods, specifically bracketing methods, to solve for the mass (m) in an equation modeling a bungee jumper. 2) It explains the bisection method, which divides the interval in half at each step, and the false position method, which uses linear interpolation. 3) As an example, it shows applying the bisection and false position methods to solve the bungee jumper equation numerically, tracking the interval bounds and error at each step until reaching an error threshold.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 17

    Roots: Bracketing Methods

    Ronald M. Pascual, Ph.D.

    FEU Institute of Technology

    Electrical & Electronics Engineering (EEE)

    Roots Problems in Engineering


    Recall the bungee jumper model:

    Where:
    v = downward vertical velocity (m/s),
    t = time (s),
    g = the acceleration due to gravity (=9.81 m/s2),
    cd = a lumped drag coefficient (kg/m),
    m = the jumpers mass (kg)

    Problem: Given all other variables and parameters,


    how to solve for mass, m??
    Fact: You cannot manipulate this equation to explicitly solve for m!

    FEU Institute of Technology

    Electrical & Electronics Engineering (EEE)

    Two Major Classes of RootFinding Methods


    1.) Bracketing methods
    based on two initial guesses that
    bracket the root
    2.) Open methods
    can involve one or more initial guesses,
    but there is no need for them to bracket the
    root
    FEU Institute of Technology

    Electrical & Electronics Engineering (EEE)

    Incremental Search

    Value of m that
    makes the
    function equal to
    zero?

    FEU Institute of Technology

    Electrical & Electronics Engineering (EEE)

    Incremental Search
    Illustration of a number of
    general ways that a root may
    occur in an interval prescribed
    by a lower bound xl and
    an upper bound xu . Parts (a)
    and (c) indicate that if both
    f (xl ) and f (xu) have the
    same sign, either there will
    be no roots or there will be an
    even number of roots
    within the interval. Parts (b)
    and (d) indicate that if the
    function has different signs at
    the end points, there will
    be an odd number of roots in
    the interval.

    FEU Institute of Technology

    Electrical & Electronics Engineering (EEE)

    Incremental Search
    In general, if f (x) is real and continuous in the
    interval from xl to xu and f (xl ) and f (xu) have
    opposite signs, that is,

    f (xl ) f (xu) < 0


    then there is at least one real root between xl and
    xu.

    FEU Institute of Technology

    Electrical & Electronics Engineering (EEE)

    Bisection Method
    Incremental search method in which the interval
    is always divided in half. That is,
    xr = (xl + xu) / 2
    If a function changes sign over an interval, the
    function value at the midpoint is evaluated
    The location of the root is then determined as
    lying within the subinterval where the sign
    change occurs
    The process is repeated until the root is known
    to the required precision.
    FEU Institute of Technology

    Electrical & Electronics Engineering (EEE)

    Bisection Method

    FEU Institute of Technology

    Electrical & Electronics Engineering (EEE)

    Problem
    Use bisection method to solve for mass, m, in the
    bungee jumper mathematical model. Assume
    v=36, t=4, g=9.81 and cd=0.25. Use initial
    guesses of xl=50 and xu=200. Tabulate the
    values for xl, xu, xr, and the approximate percent
    relative error for each iteration. Note also the
    signs of f(xl), f(xu) and f(xr). Use a stopping
    criterion of s = 0.5%.

    FEU Institute of Technology

    Electrical & Electronics Engineering (EEE)

    Solution

    FEU Institute of Technology

    Electrical & Electronics Engineering (EEE)

    10

    FALSE POSITION
    (also called the linear interpolation
    method)
    locates the root by joining f(xl ) and f(xu)
    with a line
    The intersection of this line with the x-axis
    represents an improved estimate of the
    root

    FEU Institute of Technology

    Electrical & Electronics Engineering (EEE)

    11

    FALSE POSITION

    FEU Institute of Technology

    Electrical & Electronics Engineering (EEE)

    12

    Problem
    Use false position method to solve the
    same (previous) problem approached with
    bisection method.

    Parameters: v=36, t=4, g=9.81, c d=0.25.


    Initial guesses: xl=50 and xu=200
    Stopping criterion: s = 0.5%.
    FEU Institute of Technology

    Electrical & Electronics Engineering (EEE)

    13

    Solution
    xl
    50.0000

    xu
    200.0000

    xr
    176.2773

    FEU Institute of Technology

    Electrical & Electronics Engineering (EEE)

    |Ea|%

    14

    Solution
    xl
    50.0000
    50.0000

    xu
    200.0000
    176.2773

    xr
    176.2773
    162.3828

    |Ea|%
    8.5566

    |Ea|% = |(162.3828-176.2773)/162.3828| x 100% = 8.5566%


    FEU Institute of Technology

    Electrical & Electronics Engineering (EEE)

    15

    Solution
    xl
    50.0000
    50.0000
    50.0000
    50.0000
    50.0000
    50.0000
    50.0000
    50.0000

    xu
    200.0000
    176.2773
    162.3828
    154.2446
    149.4777
    146.6856
    145.0501
    144.0922

    xr
    176.2773
    162.3828
    154.2446
    149.4777
    146.6856
    145.0501
    144.0922
    143.5311

    FEU Institute of Technology

    Electrical & Electronics Engineering (EEE)

    |Ea|%
    8.5566
    5.2762
    3.1890
    1.9035
    1.1275
    0.6648
    0.3909

    16

    References
    Applied Numerical Methods w/MATLAB
    for Engineers & Scientist (3rd Edition).
    Chapra. 2012.
    Numerical Methods for Engineers (6th
    Edition). Chapra and Canale. 2010.

    FEU Institute of Technology

    Electrical & Electronics Engineering (EEE)

    17

    You might also like