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    Characteristics of DC Generators

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    Abhinit Saha
    This document discusses the three main characteristics of DC generators: (1) Open circuit characteristic (OCC) shows the relationship between generated emf and field current with no load. (2) Internal or total characteristic shows the relationship between on-load generated emf and armature current. (3) External characteristic shows the relationship between terminal voltage and load current. It then provides examples of these characteristics for different types of DC generators, including separately excited, series, shunt, and compound generators.

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    Characteristics of DC Generators

    Uploaded by

    Abhinit Saha
    1K views4 pages
    This document discusses the three main characteristics of DC generators: (1) Open circuit characteristic (OCC) shows the relationship between generated emf and field current with no load. (2) Internal or total characteristic shows the relationship between on-load generated emf and armature current. (3) External characteristic shows the relationship between terminal voltage and load current. It then provides examples of these characteristics for different types of DC generators, including separately excited, series, shunt, and compound generators.

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    This document discusses the three main characteristics of DC generators: (1) Open circuit characteristic (OCC) shows the relationship between generated emf and field current with no load. (2) Internal or total characteristic shows the relationship between on-load generated emf and armature current. (3) External characteristic shows the relationship between terminal voltage and load current. It then provides examples of these characteristics for different types of DC generators, including separately excited, series, shunt, and compound generators.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    1K views4 pages

    Characteristics of DC Generators

    Uploaded by

    Abhinit Saha
    This document discusses the three main characteristics of DC generators: (1) Open circuit characteristic (OCC) shows the relationship between generated emf and field current with no load. (2) Internal or total characteristic shows the relationship between on-load generated emf and armature current. (3) External characteristic shows the relationship between terminal voltage and load current. It then provides examples of these characteristics for different types of DC generators, including separately excited, series, shunt, and compound generators.

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    Characteristics Of DC Generators

    By Kiran Daware DC Machines Leave A Comment

    Generally, following three characteristics of DC generators are taken into considerations: (i) Open
    Circuit Characteristic (O.C.C.), (ii) Internal or Total Characteristic and (iii) External
    Characteristic. These characteristics of DC generators are explained below.

    1. Open Circuit Characteristic (O.C.C.) (E0/If)


    Open circuit characteristic is also known as magnetic characteristic or no-load saturation
    characteristic. This characteristic shows the relation between generated emf at no load (E 0) and
    the field current (If) at the given fixed speed. The O.C.C. curve is just the magnetization curve
    and it is practically similar for all type of generators. The data for O.C.C. curve is obtained by
    operating the generator at no load and keeping speed constant. Field current is varied and the
    corresponding terminal voltage is recorded.

    The above figure shows a typical no-load saturation curve or open circuit characteristics for
    all types of DC generators.

    2. Internal Or Total Characteristic (E/Ia)


    The internal characteristic curve shows the relation between the on-load generated emf (Eg) and
    the armature current (Ia). The on-load generated emf Eg is always less than E 0 due to armature
    reaction. Eg can be determined by subtracting the drop due to demagnetizing effect of armature
    reaction from no-load voltage E0. Therefore, internal characteristic curve lies below O.C.C. curve.

    3. External Characteristic (V/IL)

    The external characteristic curve shows the relation between the terminal voltage (V) and load
    current (IL). The terminal voltage V is less than generated emf Eg due to voltage drop in the
    armature circuit. Therefore the external characteristic curve lies below the internal characteristic
    curve. External characteristics are very important to determine the suitability of a generator for a
    given purpose.
    Internal and external characteristic curves are shown below for each type of generator.

    Characteristics Of Separately Excited DC Generator

    If there is no armature reaction and armature voltage drop, voltage will remain constant for any
    load current. Thus the straight line AB in above figure represents the no-load voltage vs. load
    current IL. Due to demagnetizing effect of armature reaction the on-load generated emf is less
    than the no-load voltage. The curve AC represents the on-load generated emf Eg vs. load current
    IL i.e. internal characteristic. The curve AD represents the terminal voltage vs. load current i.e.
    external characteristic.

    Characteristics Of DC Series Generator

    The curve AB in above figure identical to open circuit characteristic (O.C.C.) curve. This is
    because, in DC series generators field winding is connected in series with armature and load.
    Hence, here load current is similar to field current. The curve OC and OD represents internal and
    external characteristic respectively.

    Characteristics Of DC Shunt Generator

    When load resistance is decreased in DC shunt generator, the load current increases.
    But, load resistance can be decreased upto a certain limit, beyond this limit any further
    decrease in load resistance results in decreasing load current and terminal voltage.
    Consequently, the external characteristic curve turns back as shown by dotted line in
    above figure.

    Characteristics Of DC Compound Generator

    The above figure shows the external characteristic of DC compound generators. If series
    winding is adjusted so that, increase in load current causes increase in terminal voltage
    then the generator is called to be over compounded. The external characteristic for over
    compounded generator is shown by the curve AB in above figure.
    If series winding is adjusted so that, terminal voltage remains constant even the load
    current is increased, then the generator is called to be flat compounded. The external
    characteristic for a flat compounded generator is shown by the curve AC.
    If the series winding has lesser number of turns than that would be required to be flat
    compounded, then the generator is called to be under compounded. The external
    characteristics for an under compounded generator is shown by the curve AD.

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