Rate : Number of Demographic Events of Interest Population at Risk XK
Rate : Number of Demographic Events of Interest Population at Risk XK
Rate : Number of Demographic Events of Interest Population at Risk XK
Define/Differentiate
1. Rate: A rate is a proportion with a time element, i.e., in which occurrences are quantified
over a period of time.
The term rate appropriately refers to the ratio of demographic events tothe population at risk in a
specified period.
Rate =
Population at risk: This could be the mid-year population (population at the first of July
1), population at the beginning of the year or a more complex definition. Period for a rate
is usually a year.
Rate could be crude or specific
It is considered as crude when it shows the frequency of a class of events throughout the
entire population without regarding to any of the smaller groupings. Crude rates are
highly sensitive to the structure (age) of the population and are not directly used for
comparison purposes. Where as a specific rate implies the events in a particular category
of age, sex, race, particular disease, or other classification variables are used.
MEASURES OF FERTIILIITY
1. Crude Birth Rate (CBR): is the number of live births in a year per 1000 mid year
population in the same year.
Total number of livebirth a year
CBR=
x 1000
Mid year populationthe same year
(*) Live Birth is the complete expulsion or extraction from its mother as
a product of conception irrespective of the duration of pregnancy, which
after such separation show evidence of life, (like breathing, pulsation of
the heart, etc.).
2. General Fertility Rate (GFR): is the number of births in a specified period per 1000
women aged 15-49 year; i.e.
Total number of live births during a year
GFR=
x 1000
Mid year female population aged 1549 years
GFR is general because we are considering all females in the age
group 15-49 without restricting to those who have child (children).
3. Age Specific Fertility Rate (ASFR): is the number of live births in a specified period
per 1000 women of a given age or age group
Total number of live births registered to women
P04 / Pf 1549 x 1000 = Number of children under 5 years of age per 1000
P
P014 + 65+
P1564
DR =
x 100 =
P65+
x 100
P 1564
P014
x 100+
P1564
Proportion: is a type of ratio which quantifies occurrences in relation to the population in which
these occurrences take place. I.e., the numerator is also included in the denominator.
Example: The proportion of malaria cases among inhabitants of a certain locality.