Power System Analysis Lab

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Experiment # 6
Introduction to PowerWorld Simulator (PWS)

Objective:
This manual describes how to create a simple power system model using PowerWorld
Simulator (version 15). To begin, double-click on the PowerWorld Simulator icon. This starts
Simulator. Simulator is used to create new cases, modify existing cases, and (of course) simulate
power systems. In this example, we will build a new case from scratch to create a new case, select New
Case from PowerWorld icon in the upper left corner of the program. The screen background will turn
white, the default background color for new PowerWorld one-line diagram. One-line diagrams are
used in power system analysis to represent the actual three-phase power system using a single line to
represent each three-phase device.

Inserting a Bus
The most important component of the power system model is the bus. Buses are used to
represent junction points in the power system where a number of devices are connected together. In
building a power system model using Simulator, you will draw buses onto the one-line diagram, attach
devices such as generators and loads to the buses, and connect different buses together with
transmission lines and transformers.
To insert a bus:

Select Network > Bus from the Individual Insert ribbon group on the Draw ribbon tab. This
prepares Simulator to insert a new bus.
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Left-click on the one-line background at the location where you want to place the new bus.
This invokes the Bus Option Dialog (pictured below), which is used to specify the name,
orientation, shape, size, width, area, zone.

The Bus Number field automatically displays 1. Simulator requires that each bus have a
unique number. For convenience, accept the default value. Enter One as bus name.

Next, check the System Slack Bus field, which is located in the Bus Voltage portion of the Bus
Information Tab. The Slack Bus is a modeling construct that ensures that the power system has
enough generation to meet the load. In other words, the slack bus "picks up the slack" caused
by system losses.

Click OK on the Bus Option Dialog to finish creating the bus and to close the dialog. After the
dialog box closes, the new bus appears on the one-line at the location you specified.

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Power System Analysis Lab

Inserting a Generator
Next we are going to attach a generator to the bus. Generators may be inserted in a manner
similar to inserting a bus:

Select Network > Generator from the Individual Insert ribbon
group on the Draw ribbon tab.

Left-click the bus on the one-line diagram to which you want to
attach the generator (for this example, click on the slack bus
bus One.) The Generator Option Dialog (pictured below) will
automatically open. The dialog is used to specify the new
generators unit identifier, display size, orientation, MW output and limits, reactive power
limits, set point voltage, and cost model.

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Every generator must have a MW Output specified when the generator is inserted. Make sure
the MW and Voltage Control tab is selected. Enter 413 in the MW Output Field.
o Note: the MW Output specified for a generator connected to the system slack bus is
arbitrary

because the generators true output depends on system load and losses.

Select the Display Information tab. The Orientation field is used to specify the direction the
generator will extend from the bus. The Anchored checkbox forces the generator to move with
its specified bus when repositioning the bus on the one-line.

Click OK on the Generator Option Dialog to accept the default values for all other fields. After
the dialog box closes, the new generator will appear on the one-line attached to the previously
selected bus. The one-line diagram should resemble the image shown.

Saving the Case:

To save the work that we have done so far, select Save Case from the Application Button, or
click on the Save Case button. Before the case is saved, Simulator validates the case to make sure that
it does not contain any errors. Since we have not yet named the case, the Save As dialog is displayed.
Enter a file name and select OK. By default the case is saved using the PowerWorld Binary format
(*.pwb). When saving the case in the future, you will not have to reenter its name. Simulator also asks
you to supply a name for saving the one-line diagram we have been drawing.
To enter the second bus:

Select Network > Bus from the Individual Insert ribbon group on the Draw ribbon tab. Click
on the one-line diagram somewhere to the right of the first bus. In the Bus Options Dialog
(pictured below) leave the bus number at the default value of 2, and enter the name Two in
the Bus Name field.

We will model a 200 MW, 100 MVAR load at the bus. Select the Attached Devices tab. Under
the Load Summary Information heading enter 200 in the Base MW field and 100 in the Base
MVAR field.

Click OK to accept all other default values, close the Bus Options Dialog, and insert the bus.

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At this point, the one-line diagram does not show the load at bus 2; even though it is represented in the
power system model (you can confirm this by right-clicking on bus 2, selecting Bus Information
Dialog from the resulting local menu, and inspecting the Load Summary Information fields again).
To draw the load on the one-line diagram:

Select Network > Load from the Individual Insert ribbon group on the Draw ribbon tab.

Left-click in the center of this bus. The Load Options Dialog box (pictured below)
automatically opens. The Constant Power MW and MVAR fields confirm that the load is 200
MW and 100 MVAR. In addition to constant power loads, Simulator also allows the modeling
of voltage dependent loads.

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Select Up in the Orientation field under the Load Information tab to make the load point up.
Verify that the anchored box is checked to force the load to move with the selected bus.

Click OK to accept the default values for all remaining fields, close the Load Options dialog,
and insert the load. A circuit breaker symbol is automatically included with each load.

To move objects on the one-line:

Left-click on the desired object. Drag and drop the object to the new location by holding the
left mouse button down while moving the mouse. Note: you can also move all objects on the
one-line simultaneously by left-clicking on the diagram (not on a specific object) then dragging
and dropping in the desired location.

To move bus 2, left click on bus 2 (not on the attached load). Drag the bus to a new location.
Note that the load moves with the bus because it is anchored. You can change the location of
attached devices connected to a bus, such as generators and loads, by the same procedure.

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The one-line diagram should now resemble the image shown below.

Inserting a Transmission Line:

Transmission lines are used to connect buses together. To insert a transmission line:

Select Network > Transmission Line from the Individual Insert ribbon group on the Draw
ribbon tab.

Left-click at the point where you want the new line to originate. This point is usually located on
one of the proposed lines terminal buses. For this example, originate the line at bus One.

Transmission lines and transformers are drawn as a series of line segments. Without holding
down the mouse button, drag the mouse up. Notice that a line segment connected to the point of
origin will follow your mouse movements. To terminate a line segment, click the left mouse
button. Each time you click the mouse to terminate a line segment; a new vertex is defined for
the line. To draw the next line segment, move the mouse to the desired location of the next
vertex.

To terminate the final line segment and conclude drawing the line, double click the left mouse
button at the desired termination point (bus 'Two' for this example). The termination point is
usually the transmission lines other terminal bus.

The Transmission Line/Transformer Dialog automatically appears (shown below). The dialog
should already contain a 1 in the From Bus Number field and a 2 in the To Bus Number Field.
If not, you probably did not have the cursor directly on the bus when you were drawing the
line. If this is the case, simply enter the correct bus numbers in the corresponding fields.

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The Series Resistance, Series Reactance, and Shunt Charging fields are used to enter the per
unit parameters associated with the line. The Shunt Charging field contains the total per unit
charging capacitance for the line.

Enter 0.02 in the Resistance field, 0.08 in the Reactance field and 0.1 in the Shunt Charging
field.

The Limit (MVA) fields contain the MVA ratings for the line; enter a value of 1000 in the Limit
'A' (MVA) field.

Click OK to accept all remaining field default values, close the Transmission Line/Transformer
Dialog, and insert the new line. By default, the transmission line is anchored to both terminal
buses. If you try to move bus 2, the transmission line should move with it.

The dialog box for the transmission line is shown below.

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Power System Analysis Lab

Inserting a Transformer:

To insert a transformer we first need to insert a bus at a different voltage level. Insert a new bus in the
bottom of the one-line, named 'Three', and enter 69 KV for its nominal voltage in the Bus Options
dialog box.
To insert a transformer between buses 2 and 3:

Go to Network > Transformer from the Individual Insert ribbon group on the Draw ribbon
tab.

Click on bus 2, and then draw a line to bus 3 as you did for a transmission line. The
Transmission Line/Transformer Dialog automatically appears.

On the Parameters tab, enter 0.02 for Series Resistance, 0.08 for Series Reactance, 0.1 for
Shunt Charging and 1000 for Limit 'A' (MVA).

The true transformer turns ratio does not need to be specified as it is automatically determined
by the ratio of nominal voltages between the From Bus and To Bus.

Click OK to accept the default values, close the dialog and insert the transformer.

Repeat this procedure to add a transformer between buses 1 and 3.

The dialog box for the transformer is shown below.

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Power System Analysis Lab

Add a 400 MW, 200 MVAR load to bus 3:

Go to Network > Load from the Individual Insert ribbon group on the Draw ribbon tab. Left
click on Bus 3. A load dialog will appear. In this dialog enter 400 MW and 200 MVAR for the
constant power load. Click OK.

Right click on bus 3 and select Bus Information Dialog. Select the Attached Devices tab.

Note that Base MW and Base MVAR display the respective values. Click OK.

You can also insert the load by the method mentioned previously.
Next we are going to attach a 300 MW generator to the bus 3:

Go to Network > Generator from the Individual Insert ribbon group on the Draw ribbon tab.

Left-click on bus 3. The Generator Option Dialog opens.

Select the Power and Voltage Control tab. Enter 300 in the MW Output Field.

Click OK on the Generator Option Dialog to accept the default values for all other fields. After
the dialog box closes, the new generator appears on the one-line attached to bus 3.
Your one-line should now resemble the image shown below.

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Power System Analysis Lab

Inserting a Switched Shunt:

Switched shunts usually consist of either capacitor to supply reactive power (in MVAR) to the system,
or reactors to absorb reactive power. The switched shunts are represented by a number of blocks of
admittance that can be switched in a number of discrete steps. If at least one block is in service, the
shunt is said to be online. The shunts corresponding circuit breaker is used to determine and / or
toggle the switched shunts status.

To insert a switched shunt at bus 3 go to Network > Switched Shunt from the Individual
Insert ribbon group on the Draw ribbon tab.

Click near bus 3. The Switched Shunt Options dialog box appears (pictured below).

Verify that the bus number is 3; if it is not, change it.

Enter 10 for the Nominal MVAR.

Click OK to accept the default values of the remaining fields, close the dialog, and insert
the switched shunt.

The dialog box of the switched shunt is shown below.

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Power System Analysis Lab

Your one-line should now look like the image below.

Inserting Text, Bus and Line Fields:

Informational fields can be entered directly on the one-line to allow for ease of monitoring when a
simulation case is run.
To insert a general text field:

Select Background > Text from the Individual Insert ribbon group on the Draw ribbon tab.
Left-click on the one-line in the desired text location to bring up the Text Object Dialog. (For
this example, left-click in the top center of the one-line.).

To format the text, ensure the text is selected on the one-line then select Format > Font. This
displays the Font Tab of the Format Selection Dialog.

Set the font size to 26 and the font color to blue.

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To change the text background color, select Format > Line/Fill, which summons the Line/Fill
Options Tab. If the format menu is already open, click on the Line/Fill Options Tab of the
Format Selection Dialog. Check the Use Background Fill box to give the text a white
background, and then click OK.

Inserted text can be moved using the same method as any other object on the one-line
Fields can also display object-related quantities. By default, Simulator has inserted the bus names,
generator and load MW and MVAR, and switched shunt MVAR. For this example, we will add a Bus
Voltage Magnitude field to each bus and fields showing the power flow on the transmission line and
the transformers. Note that object fields can be formatted just like text fields by using the Format
menu.
To add additional fields to the display of a particular bus:

Right-click on the bus to bring up the bus local menu.

Select Add New Fields around Bus from the local menu. This opens the Insert Bus Fields
Dialog (pictured below).
You may add up to 8 fields per bus. Select the position where you would like to add the new fields
(position 5 for this example) then click OK.

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This opens the Bus Field Options dialog (shown below); select the field Bus Voltage to add in the
selected position and click OK.

The parameter and position are displayed as highlighted in the Insert New Fields dialog. Click OK.
Note that the specified bus field has been added to the one-line diagram.

Repeat this procedure for the other two buses. If necessary, you may move fields manually
with the mouse.
Fields can also be inserted using the Background > Field option from the Individual Insert ribbon
group on the Draw ribbon tab.
Next, we will insert fields showing the power flow at each end of the transmission line.

Select Field > Transmission Line Field from the Individual Insert ribbon group on the Draw
ribbon tab.
Line fields show information about transmission lines and transformers. For line fields, flow is always
specified at an end of the transmission line or transformer.

Left-click near both bus 1 and the transmission line between buses 1 and 2 in the location you
want the power flow text to appear. The Line Field Options dialog (shown below) opens
automatically.

The Near Bus and Far Bus fields should show 1 and 2 respectively. If they do not, enter the
correct values.

Select MW Flow then click OK. The field is displayed on the one-line in the location you
specified. Note that the field can be moved and formatted as previously discussed.

Select Insert > Field > Line Field or click the Line Field button on the Insert toolbar.
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Left-click near both bus 2 and the transmission line between buses 1 and 2 in the location you
want the power flow text to appear. The Line Field Options dialog (shown below) opens
automatically.

Now the Near Bus and Far Bus fields should show 2 and 1 respectively. If they do not, enter
the correct values.

Select MW Flow then click OK.

Repeat the procedure to insert MVAR Flow fields for the two locations.
We also desire to monitor the MW and MVAR flows on the lines joining buses 1 and 3 and buses 2
and 3 via the transformers. The same commands are used as those used to insert fields for the
transmission line.

Repeat the above steps to insert MW (and MVAR) Flow fields on the lines joining buses 1
and 3 and buses 2 and 3 via the transformers.

At this point, your first one-line diagram should resemble the one shown below.
Save the case.

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Power System Analysis Lab

Solving the Case:

To solve a case, you must be in run mode:

Click on Run Mode button on the Program Toolbar. Note that, if the case has validation
errors, a warning will appear. You will need to rectify the problems before you can enter Run
Mode.

Press the Play button in the Power Flow Tools ribbon group on the Tools ribbon tab to begin
the simulation. Your case should look similar to the case shown below. If it does,
congratulations! You have completed building your first case.
.

Try clicking on the load circuit breaker to toggle the loads status. A solid red circuit breaker
indicates that it is closed; a hollow green box indicates it is open. While the simulation is running, click
on the circuit breakers and note the nearly instantaneous change in system flows. If the Log window is
visible, you will get a "backstage" view of what Simulator is doing. Feel free to close the log. To reopen the log, click the Log button on the Program Toolbar. With the load circuit breaker closed, open

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Power System Analysis Lab

the circuit breaker between bus 3 and its connected generator. Now open any of the transmission line
or transformer circuit breakers. Congratulations, youve just blacked-out your case!

Assignment:

Model the power system of Lab No.3 in PWS. (Attach Figure and data)

Solve the power system of Lab No.3 in PWS. (Show results on One-line diagram)

Mention the aberrations in the operating state of the power system.

Suggest and implement the ways (show results on one-line diagram) in which system can be
made to operate in the normal mode.

Teachers Initials: ________________________________

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