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    RPL Routing Protocol

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    Nikhil PS
    RPL is a routing protocol designed for low power and lossy networks like 6LoWPAN networks. It allows devices to join a Destination Oriented Directed Acyclic Graph (DODAG) rooted at a border router. The border router initiates the DODAG formation by broadcasting DODAG Information Object (DIO) messages. Nodes use the DIO messages to calculate their rank within the DODAG and select a preferred parent toward the root. Multiple DODAGs can exist within the same network to support different types of traffic.

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    RPL Routing Protocol

    Uploaded by

    Nikhil PS
    417 views6 pages
    RPL is a routing protocol designed for low power and lossy networks like 6LoWPAN networks. It allows devices to join a Destination Oriented Directed Acyclic Graph (DODAG) rooted at a border router. The border router initiates the DODAG formation by broadcasting DODAG Information Object (DIO) messages. Nodes use the DIO messages to calculate their rank within the DODAG and select a preferred parent toward the root. Multiple DODAGs can exist within the same network to support different types of traffic.

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    RPL is a routing protocol designed for low power and lossy networks like 6LoWPAN networks. It allows devices to join a Destination Oriented Directed Acyclic Graph (DODAG) rooted at a border router. The border router initiates the DODAG formation by broadcasting DODAG Information Object (DIO) messages. Nodes use the DIO messages to calculate their rank within the DODAG and select a preferred parent toward the root. Multiple DODAGs can exist within the same network to support different types of traffic.

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    417 views6 pages

    RPL Routing Protocol

    Uploaded by

    Nikhil PS
    RPL is a routing protocol designed for low power and lossy networks like 6LoWPAN networks. It allows devices to join a Destination Oriented Directed Acyclic Graph (DODAG) rooted at a border router. The border router initiates the DODAG formation by broadcasting DODAG Information Object (DIO) messages. Nodes use the DIO messages to calculate their rank within the DODAG and select a preferred parent toward the root. Multiple DODAGs can exist within the same network to support different types of traffic.

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    Routing Protocol- RPL

    RPL (Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks)


    RPL is to support 6LoWPAN networks in a route-over configuration.
    With RPL, 6LoWPAN routers operate as IPv6 routers and form routes
    using RPL.
    RPL does distinguish between three type of traffic: multipoint-to-point
    (M2P), point-to-multipoint (P2M) and point-to-point (P2P). RPL works
    with all three type of traffic
    Starting from one or more root nodes, each Instance builds up a tree-like
    routing structure in the network, resulting in a Destination-Oriented
    Directed Acyclic Graph (DODAG). As multiple RPL Instances may
    coexist, multiple DODAG may coexist in the same network. However, a
    node cannot join more than one DODAG within one Instance

    Topology Formation:

    RPL topology construction begins by designating a special node to be


    the root node for one Instance
    The configuration parameters of the network are packed into a DODAG
    Information Object (DIO), which is then used to disseminate the
    information in the network.
    The compulsory information contained in a DIO includes:
    the RPL Instance ID for which the DIO is sent
    the DODAG ID of the RPL Instance of which the sending node is part
    the current DODAG version number
    the nodes rank within the DODAG

    This rank number increases from root node to the successive parents and
    leaf nodes within the formed network tree
    When forming the DODAG, each node is required to select parent nodes
    from its neighbors, under the restriction that the nodes calculated rank
    must be larger than the rank of all its parents. By this procedure, the
    formation of loops is prevented.
    The nodes rank is calculated based on the Objective Function (OF) and
    using its related metric, which is specified according to the DODAGs
    application requirements.

    RPL route discovery example:

    The circles represent nodes and the discontinued lines represent the
    possible links between nodes.
    The RPL protocol starts when the root node triggers the DODAG
    formation by broadcasting a DIO message to its neighbors.
    The DIO messages traverse the network while the rank field is updated
    in each hop. The root nodes rank is 0, since it has distance 0 to itself,
    and the rank of its immediate neighbors is 1 according to the OF.

    After calculating their rank, each node updates the DIO and broadcasts it
    to its neighbors
    The node chooses the called preferred parent, which will serve as the
    nodes next hop towards the root when routing a data packet. This choice
    is determined by the OF

    The preferred parents (for nodes with rank 1) are chosen to minimize the
    number of hops. This relationship is represented by the bold plain
    arrows.

    In the next step of the RPL topology construction, the nodes with
    calculated rank 2 have chosen their preferred parent and broadcasted
    their DIO messages

    Sometimes there are parents that satisfy the same conditions imposed by
    the OF to be elected as the preferred parent. In this case, the node is free
    to choose any of the suitable parent nodes as a preferred parent.

    RPL Border Router


    The code for RPL border router can be found at /contiki-2.7/examples/ipv6/rplborder-router. Use the following command to compile the code for the border
    router
    cd /contiki-2.7/examples/ipv6/rpl-border-router
    make TARGET=sky.

    Once this command has been successfully executed, a file named border-router.sky
    will be created. This file will be used to program one of the motes as the border
    router on Cooja. For the purpose of this tutorial we will select TMote Sky as our
    target.
    In order to demonstrate the functionality of the border router we will create a
    network of nodes with the border router as the root. For creating such a network
    we will user the udp-server.c code. This code can be found at /contiki2.7/examples/ipv6/rpl-udp . Use the following command to compile the code for
    rpl-udp
    cd /contiki-2.7/examples/ipv6/rpl-udp

    make TARGET=sky

    Once this command has been successfully executed a file named udp-server.sky
    will be created. This file will be used to program the remaining nodes in Cooja
    simulator. These nodes will form a DAG with the rpl border router as the root.

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