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    Appendix A: Io Io Ij? P l9 N 1 2 N 2i C W

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    This document provides a nomenclature or list of terms and symbols used in the document. It defines over 100 variables, parameters, constants, and other symbols commonly used in chromatography and adsorption processes. The variables include quantities related to concentrations, areas, volumes, temperatures, velocities, mass transfer coefficients, and other process parameters. The nomenclature is organized alphabetically and provides a concise definition for each symbol to clarify its meaning and usage.

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    Appendix A: Io Io Ij? P l9 N 1 2 N 2i C W

    Uploaded by

    Anonymous XbmoAFtI
    45 views5 pages
    This document provides a nomenclature or list of terms and symbols used in the document. It defines over 100 variables, parameters, constants, and other symbols commonly used in chromatography and adsorption processes. The variables include quantities related to concentrations, areas, volumes, temperatures, velocities, mass transfer coefficients, and other process parameters. The nomenclature is organized alphabetically and provides a concise definition for each symbol to clarify its meaning and usage.

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    This document provides a nomenclature or list of terms and symbols used in the document. It defines over 100 variables, parameters, constants, and other symbols commonly used in chromatography and adsorption processes. The variables include quantities related to concentrations, areas, volumes, temperatures, velocities, mass transfer coefficients, and other process parameters. The nomenclature is organized alphabetically and provides a concise definition for each symbol to clarify its meaning and usage.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    45 views5 pages

    Appendix A: Io Io Ij? P l9 N 1 2 N 2i C W

    Uploaded by

    Anonymous XbmoAFtI
    This document provides a nomenclature or list of terms and symbols used in the document. It defines over 100 variables, parameters, constants, and other symbols commonly used in chromatography and adsorption processes. The variables include quantities related to concentrations, areas, volumes, temperatures, velocities, mass transfer coefficients, and other process parameters. The nomenclature is organized alphabetically and provides a concise definition for each symbol to clarify its meaning and usage.

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    APPENDIX A

    NOMENCLATURE
    a,b
    aio, B i o , Pi, aij? by
    ap
    al9 a n
    A 1 , A 2 , A n , A 2i
    Ac
    Aw
    A,B
    bl9 b 2 , b 3
    c
    c
    ca, cb
    c conc , cdilute
    ch
    C1*
    ci? cinit
    c imax
    c,
    c RA , c Ri
    c
    s> CSM> C M
    C, C M , C S M , C s
    Cp B
    C Pf , C Ps , C Pw

    Langmuir equilibrium constants (see Equation 2-14)


    Constants in combined Langmuir-Freundlich Equation 2-16)
    Surface area of particles/unit volume
    Interfacial area/volume between phases V and W, and W and L
    Equilibrium constants (see Equation 2-12)
    Cross-sectional area of column
    Area of wall for heat transfer
    Van Deemter equation constants (see Equations 2-117 to 2-119)
    Constants in linear equilibrium (see Equations 6-10 and 6-28)
    Concentration (mol/)
    Total equivalents per liter of ions in liquid (see Equations 2-20, 2-21,
    and 2-23)
    Concentrations after and before shock
    Concentrations in CZA (see Equation 4-11)
    High concentration (see Figure 2-6)
    Concentration inside pores
    Initial concentration
    Maximum concentration in pulse
    Low concentration (see Figure 2-6)
    Concentration of ion A on resin (see Equations 2-20 and 2-21)
    Constants in expansion of Van Deemter Equations 2-121 to 2-124
    Van Deemter equation constants (see Equations 2-117 to 2-119)
    Bulk heat capacity of solid ( + pore fluid) (see Equation 2-77)
    Heat capacities of fluid, solid, and wall, respectively

    C Rtotal
    df
    dp
    DM
    Dx
    Dx
    D6
    DeT
    erf(u)
    ED
    F1
    f(p)
    g
    G
    AG
    h
    hp
    hw
    H, HETP
    AH
    AH' a d s
    H T U v w , HTU L W

    Total resin capacity (see Equations 2-20,2-21, and 2-23)


    Film thickness
    Particle diameter
    Molecular diffusivity
    Total effective axial diffusivity (see Equation 2-112)
    Thermal diffusivity
    Diffusivity in 8 direction
    Thermal diffusivity in 9 direction
    Error function (Equation 2-102)
    Eddy diffusivity
    Pulse of moles of feed (see Equations 2-84 and 2-86)
    Function in Equation 4-14
    Acceleration due to gravity
    Mass velocity of gas
    Free energy change of reaction
    Height in column
    Heat transfer coefficient for particle (see Equations 2-69 and 8-5)
    Heat transfer coefficient for walls (see Equation 2-68)
    Height equivalent to theoretical place (see Equation 2-19)
    Heat of adsorption
    Heat of adsorption as function of q'
    Height of a transfer unit (see Equation 6-23 and 6-24)

    i
    j
    k
    kj
    k inert
    kj
    kj
    km
    ks
    k,, k 2
    kA
    k A .,k Ap ,k Bd , k Bp
    kT
    K
    K
    K A , K4
    KAB> K D B

    n
    n
    n
    n
    n feed , n purge
    no

    Subscript for solute


    Subscript for stage number
    Constant in L R C (Equation 2-11)
    Linear equilibrium constant (Equation 2-29)
    Linear equilibrium constant for inerts (Equation 4-3)
    kjV s /V m relative retention (Equation 2-127)
    Average relative retention of two solutes
    Mass transfer resistance in mobile film (Equation 2-120)
    Mass transfer resistance in solid (Equation 2-120)
    Rate constants (Equation 2-110)
    First order rate constant (Equation 3-11)
    Proportionality constants (Equation 5-5)
    Mass transfer coefficient (Equation 2-67)
    Constant in B E T (Equation 2-8)
    Permeability (Equations 3-1 to 3-3)
    Langmuir equilibrium constant (Equations 2-4, 2-7, and 2-13)
    Equilibrium constants for ion exchange (Equations 2-20, 2-22, and 223)
    Fraction of pores available to molecule (Equation 2-3)
    Constant in Arrhenius relationship (Equation 2-5)
    Mass transfer coefficients (Equations 6-20 and 6-21)
    Linear equilibrium constants (Equations 6-10 and 6-28)
    Distance between switching ports in S M B
    Column length
    Solid flow rate (kilogram of dry adsorbent per hour [Section I I . A in
    chapter 6])
    Mass transfer zone length
    Length of unused bed
    Mass of adsorbent (Equations 2-17, 2-19, 2-132, and 3-11)
    Constant in L R C (Equation 2-11)
    Number of zones in C Z A (Equation 4-11)
    Mass stationary phase/plate (Equation 2-82)
    Molecular weights of adsorbed and nonabsorbed species (Equations 413 and 4-14)
    Equilibrium constant (Equation 2-12)
    Number of components (Equations 2-7 and 2-62)
    Freundlich equilibrium constant (Equation 2-15)
    Number of cycles
    Moles of feed and purge g a s , P S A (Equation 4-5)
    Original total number of moles (Equation 2-17)

    n\, n 2

    Number of moles adsorbed (Equation 2-17)

    (n-)m

    Number of moles for monolayer coverage (Equation 3-18)

    N
    N
    N0
    N T U v w , NTU L W
    p
    Pafter> Pbefore

    Number of equilibrium stages in plate models


    Loading on zeolite (Equation 2-11)
    Maximum loading on zeolite (Equation 2-11)
    Number of transfer units (Equations 6-23 and 6-24)
    Pressure
    Pressure after or before pressure change in PSA

    p
    pv

    Partial pressure of solute


    Partial pressure of solute during vacuum regeneration

    Kd
    K0
    KLW, K v w
    K1, K2, K 3
    lport
    L
    L
    LMTZ
    LUB
    m
    m
    m
    Ms
    M1, M 0

    p
    pH, pL
    Pe z
    PSA
    q, q t
    qa, qb
    q
    qq{
    q max
    q mono
    qsat
    Q
    r
    ro
    R
    R
    R, R x , R B
    Re
    Rx
    Sc
    Sh m
    S1
    S th
    t band
    t cycle
    tF
    tMXZ
    tport
    tRi
    T
    T*
    Tamb
    T c ,T h
    T f ,T s ,T w ,T r e f
    U
    A CC > U B C C
    u large
    u port
    u small
    us
    u sh
    usteam
    u th
    u wave
    v
    va, vb
    v in

    Vapor pressure of pure component


    High and low pressures
    Lv/(D M + E D ), Peclet number
    Pressure swing adsorption
    Amount adsorbed (moles per kilogram)
    Amount adsorbed after and before shock
    Total adsorption (Equations 2-50 to 2-52)
    Amount adsorbed from pure gas (Equation 2-9)
    Amount adsorbed and in stagnant fluid for single porosity model (Equations 2-73 to 2-81)
    Maximum monolayer coverage (Langmuir Equation 2-6)
    Monolayer coverage (Equation 2-8)
    Bed capacity in equilibrium with feed
    Volumetric flow rate of gas (Equation 3-11)
    Radial coordinate
    Inner radius
    Gas constant
    Resolution (Equation 2-125)
    Reflux ratios in parametric pump, R T is at top and R B is at bottom of
    column (Equation 4-10)
    Reynolds number, vdppf/ix
    Cross-over ratio (Equation, 2-65)
    Schmidt number, |x/D M p
    Sherwood number for mass transfer, k L d p /D M
    Slope of solute i in two-dimensional system (Equations 8-6 and 8-7)
    Slope of thermal wave in 2D system (Equation 8-9)
    Period band exits in displacement development (Equation 2-64)
    Period of cycle (Equation 5-3)
    Period feed is introduced (Equations 2-64 and 5-3)
    Time mass transfer zone takes to exit column
    Time between switching ports in SMB
    Retention time (Equation 2-94)
    Temperature
    Temperature of stagnant fluid
    Ambient temperature
    Cold and hot temperatures
    Temperatures of fluid, solid, wall, and reference
    Solute velocity in countercurrent system (Equation 6-2)
    Velocity of large molecules (Equation 5-7)
    Average velocity of ports in SMB (Equation 6-34) and in moving feed
    chromatography
    Velocity of small molecules (Equation 5-8)
    Solute wave velocity
    Shock wave velocity
    Velocity of steam wave
    Thermal wave velocity
    Wave velocity when fluid velocity changes (Equations 2-55, 2-56, 257, and 2-59)
    Interstitial fluid velocity
    Velocity after and before wave
    Inlet interstitial fluid velocity (Equations 2-53 and 2-54)

    vo
    v
    soiids, avg
    v solid
    v super
    V
    V

    z
    z
    zafter, zbefore

    Velocity at inner radius of chromatofuge


    Average solids velocity with intermittent flow (Equation 6-32)
    Solids velocity
    Superficial fluid velocity
    Volume carrier gas (Equation 2-82)
    Upward flowing fluid flow rate (moles per hour [Section II. A, Chapter
    6])
    e'vA c t, elution volume in Equations 2-101 to 2-108
    Volume solution to saturate column (Equations 2-101 to 2-108)
    Volume empty column (Equation 2-1)
    Elution volume (Equation 2-1)
    Volume of feed gas
    Volumes of feed and purge gas at column conditions, PSA
    Internal void volume (Equation 2-1)
    External void volume (Equation 2-1)
    Volume mobile phase/plate (Equation 2-82)
    Volume of purge gas
    Vacuum swing adsorption
    Weight column wall/length column
    Flow rate fluid in pores (Chapter 6, Section II. A)
    Dimensionless peak width (Equation 2-89)
    Width of constant pattern (Equation 5-4)
    Width of diffuse wave (Equation 5-4)
    Deviation from peak maximum (Equation 2-96)
    Breakthrough solution (Equations 2-103 to 2-105)
    Decrease in mole fraction in liquid (Equations 2-17 and 2-19)
    Weighted average mole fraction (Equations 6-9 and 6-26)
    Mole fraction in equilibrium with bulk concentration, z
    Mole fractions
    Inlet mole fraction
    Hypothetical concentration in Kremser equation (Equation 6-13)
    Mole fraction water in steam (Equations 3-9 and 3-10)
    Mole fraction water in the bed before regeneration (Equations 3-9 and
    3-10)
    Mole fraction in phase W (fluid in pores)
    Axial distance
    Position of solute wave after and before pressure change in PSA

    Greek
    a
    Ot 12
    (X 21
    P
    pA
    e
    e'
    7
    7
    X
    \w
    V1

    Interparticle porosity (Equation 2-1)


    Separation factor (Equation 2-10)
    V!2lk\ = In2Zk1 selectivity (Equation 2-128)
    Term in Kremser equation (Equation 6-12)
    Ratio inert to adsorbate held in column (Equation 4-3)
    Intraparticle porosity (Equation 2-1)
    Single porosity (Equation 2-75)
    Labyrinth factor (Equation 2-115)
    Volumetric purge-to-feed ratio = Vpurge/Vfeed in PSA
    Constant in expansion of D T (Equation 2-116)
    Latent heat of water
    Dimensionless cumulative flow of mobile phase (Equation 2-85)

    V
    V
    V col
    Ve
    V feed
    V feed ,V purge
    V1
    V0
    VM
    V purge
    VSA
    W
    W
    W1
    wp
    wd
    X
    X(L, V)
    Ax 1
    x'
    xE, yE
    V 19 X 1
    y in
    y*n+ !
    ySTM
    yWb

    pB
    pf
    pf
    ps
    o-,o-t,a,
    T
    |x
    0
    a)

    Bulk density including fluid in pores for single porosity equations (Equations 2-73 to 2-81)
    Molar density of fluid (Equations 2-50, 2-51, 2-52, and 2-53)
    Fluid density
    Structural solid density
    Standard deviation (Equations 2-90, 2-97, and 2-98)
    Deviation from center of constant pattern (Equation 2-133)
    Viscosity
    Angular coordinate
    Angular velocity

    Other
    3*

    Term in Colburn equation (Equation 6-30)

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