### Construction Specifications 9-30-13

ARLINGTON COUNTY
CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS & SPECIFICATIONS

TABLE OF CONTENTS
DIVISION 1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
01000
General Provisions and Requirements
01300
Submittals
01400
Testing
01500
Temporary Erosion and Sediment Control
DIVISION 2 SITE WORK
02100
Clearing and Grubbing
02200
Earthwork
02202
Rock Excavation
02210
Riprap
02211
Gabions
02300
Pile Foundations Timbers
02350
Cofferdams
02400
Sheeting, Shoring and Bracing
02500
Gravity Sewers and Appurtenances
02505
Storm Sewers and Appurtenances
02510
Sanitary Sewers and Appurtenances
02515
Televised Inspection of Sewers
02550
Water Mains and Appurtenances
02600
Bituminous Roadway Pavements
02601
Bituminous Hiking, Biking and Jogging Trails
02611
Concrete Walks and Concrete Driveway Entrance
02612
Interlocking Concrete and Brick Pavers
02613
Paver Crossing
02650
Restoration of Roadway
02750
Curb and Gutters
02800
Landscaping
02801
Seeding & Sodding
02950
Tunneling
02951
Boring and Jacking
DIVISION 3 CONCRETE
03100
Concrete Formwork, Reinforcement and Materials
03400
Precast Concrete
Sept 2013
TOC-1
DIVISION 4 MASONRY
04100
Mortar and Grout
04200
Masonry Units
04300
Stone & Mortared Rubble Masonry
DIVISION 5 METALS
05500
Structural Steel & Miscellaneous Metal
DIVISION 6 WOODS & PLASTICS
06100
Structural Timber and Lumber
DIVISION 7 THERMAL & MOISTURE PROTECTION
07100
Waterproofing
07150
Dampproofing
DIVISION 9 FINISHING
09010
Painting of Structural Steel
09800
Wood Preservatives
09900
Protective Coating
DIVISION 13 SPECIAL CONSTRUCTION
13130
Bus Shelters
STANDARD DETAILS
M.
MISCELLANEOUS STANDARDS
R.
ROADWAY STANDARDS
D.
STORM DRAIN STANDARDS
W.
WATER MAIN STANDARDS
S.
SANITARY SEWER STANDARDS
Sept 2013
TOC-2
REVISIONS
Revision
1
Description
Removed Details R-2.3, R-2.3B St 1of2, R-2.3B 2of3, R-2.3C 1of2, R2.3C 2of2 and replaced with Details DW-1.0, DW-1.1, DW-2.0, DW-2.0
2of2, DW-2.1 1of2, DW-2.1 2of2, DW-2.2 1of2, DW-2.2 2of2, DW-2.3,
DW-2.4, DW-2.5
Removed the General Conditions, Sections 01100, 02110, 02201, 16550 &
16680. Removed Details R-5.1, R-5.1A, R-5.2, R-5.3, R-5.4, R-5.5A, R5.5B, R-5.6A, R5.6B, R-5.3C, R-5.7, R-5.8, R-5.9, R-5.9A & R-5.9B
Modified Sections 01000, 01300, 01400, 01500, 02100 & 02200. Updated
the Table of Contents
Revised: 01400 (Testing), 02400 (Sheeting, Shoring, & Bracing), 02505
(Storm Sewers & Appurtenances), 02510 (Sanitary Sewers &
Appurtenances), 02550 (Water Mains & Appurtenances);
Created: 02500 (Gravity Sewers & Appurtenances), 02515 (Televised
Inspection of Sewers);
Revised Standards: M-3.0 (Pipe & Bedding Details), D-1.7 (Catch
Basin w/ Grate Top), D-3.2, Storm Sewer Manhole w/ Grate Cover), W8.1 and W-8.2 (Water Service Connections), W-9.3 through W-9.6
(Water Meter Installation), W-10.0 (Water Meter Fact Sheet)
Created Standard: R-2.9 (Concrete Valley Gutter), R-8.1 (Bike Rack
Layout)
Eliminated Standards: R-7.0 through 7.9C and renamed R-7.9C
(Continuous Soil Panel) to R-7.0, D-1.0 (Concrete Pipe Crushing
Strength), D-5.0 through D-5.2,
Renamed the DW- (Driveway) series of standards as R-2.3 and R2.4(A-C);
Date
5/13/2010
02/17/2012
9/30/13
SECTION 01000
GENERAL PROVSIONS AND REQUIREMENTS
SECTION 01000 - GENERAL PROVISIONS AND REQUIREMENTS

1. Purpose of Section
This section outlines the general provisions and requirements common to these standard specifications
and details. This section includes definitions and abbreviations used throughout the specifications and
details. All references in this section shall apply to the entirety of these Specifications unless, and except
as, explicitly modified in specific sections.
2. Definitions
Wherever used in these Standards and Specifications, the following terms have the meanings indicated
which are applicable to both the singular and plural thereof:
BUSINESS DAY Any day that the County is open for general business.
CALENDAR DAY - Any day of twenty-four hours measured from midnight to the next midnight.
Included are weekends and holidays. Where these Specifications do not clarify or distinguish between
Calendar Day and Business Day, the reference shall be assumed to indicate a Calendar Day.
CONTRACT - The written agreement (including all attachments and amendments thereto) between
OWNER and CONTRACTOR covering the work to be performed.
CONTRACT DOCUMENTS The collection of documents which as a whole comprise the
requirements of the Contract or Permit, including any amendments or addendums.
CONTRACT DRAWINGS The drawings which show the locations, character, dimensions, and details
of the Work to be performed under the Contract.
CONTRACTOR The individual, partnership, firm, corporation, limited liability company, joint
venture, or other person or entity contracting with the County for performance of prescribed work or
holding a PERMIT for work to which these specifications apply.
COUNTY See OWNER
ENGINEER The Director, Department of Environmental Service, Arlington County, or designee.
OWNER The County of Arlington, Virginia, for whom the work is to be performed.
PERMIT Written authorization from the Engineer or other authorizing agency, where applicable, to
perform the stipulated work.
PROJECT The entire construction to be performed as provided in the Contract Documents, Permit, or
other relevant construction plans or documents.
PROJECT OFFICER See ENGINEER
Feb 2012
01000-1
SECTION 01000
PROVIDE Indicates provide complete and in place, that is to furnish and install.
ROADWAY- The portion of the right of way used for vehicular, and/or pedestrian travel.
SHOP DRAWING Fabrications, erection and setting drawings, manufacturers standard drawings,
schedules, descriptive literature, catalogs, brochures, performance and test data, wiring and control
diagrams, and all other descriptive data pertaining to the materials and equipment as required to
demonstrate compliance with the contract or permit requirements.
SUBCONTRACTOR Those who have a direct contract with the Contractor or other Subcontractor to
perform Work or furnish material worked to a special design according to the Contract Documents.
However, the term shall not include those who merely furnish material not so worked.
SUBMITTAL Any data required by the Contract Documents to be submitted to the Engineer at any
point prior to continuing Work. By way of illustration, Submittals would include, but not be limited to:
construction schedules, shop drawings, equipment specifications, material samples, and subcontractor or
supplier lists.
SUPPLIER - Any person or organization who supplies materials or equipments for the work (including
that fabricated to a special design), but who does not perform labor at the site.
WORK The labor, equipment, materials, and all appurtenant items and actions necessary to satisfy the
requirements and intent of the contract or permit.
3. Abbreviations
The following is a list of abbreviations used within the technical specifications. The appropriate
designation shall refer to the latest edition or update published by that organization:
AASHTO
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials
ACI
American Concrete Institute
AISC
American Institute of Steel Construction
ANSI
American National Standard Institute
ASTM
American Society for Testing and Materials
AWPA
American Wood Preservers Association
AWS
American Welding Society
AWWA
American Water Works Association
Feb 2012
01000-2
SECTION 01000
NFPA
National Fire Protection Association
NFPA
National Forest Products Association
OSHA
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
SSPC
Steel Structures Painting Council
VDOT
Virginia Department of Transportation
WRI
Wire Reinforcement Institute
4. Technical Terms
Materials or work described in words which, so applied, have a well-known technical or trade meaning
shall be construed to refer to the technical or trade meaning.
5. Reference to Standards or Specifications
Any material specified by reference to the number, symbol, or title of a specific standard, such as a
Commercial Standard, a Federal Specification, a Trade Association Standard, or other similar standard,
shall comply with the requirements in the latest revision of the standards or specification and any
amendment, or supplement, except as limited to type, class or grade, or as modified in such reference.
The standard referred to, except as modified in the contract documents, shall have full force and effect
as though printed in the Specifications.
Reference to any article, device, product, material, fixture, form or type of construction by name, make,
or catalog number shall be interpreted as establishing a standard of quality and shall not be construed as
eliminating from competition other products of equal or better quality by other manufacturers where
fully suitable, as determined by the Engineer.
6. Applicable Specifications
The following specifications are incorporated into these standards and specifications by reference.
Where the provisions of the referenced specifications conflict with this document, this document shall
govern.
Arlington County Traffic Signal & Streetlight Specifications

Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways U.S. Department of
Transportation, Federal Highway Administration.
The Arlington County Code
VDOT Road and Bridge Specifications
7. Applicable Ordinances for Environmental Services and Building Construction

The Contractor or permit holder is responsible for familiarizing himself with the Arlington County Code
Feb 2012
01000-3
SECTION 01000
prior to commencing with any construction. The following codes, in particular, relate to the
Environmental Services and building industry:
Chapter 1
General Provisions
Chapter 3
Building Code
Chapter 7
Electrical Code
Chapter 8
Fire Prevention
Chapter 10
Garbage, Refuse and Weeds
Chapter 11
Licenses
Chapter 14
Motor Vehicles and Traffic
Chapter 15
Noise Control
Chapter 18
Plumbing and Gas Codes
Chapter 22
Street Development and Construction
Chapter 23
Subdivisions
Chapter 26
Utilities
Chapter 48
Flood Plain Management
Chapter 55
Underground Utilities Protection
Chapter 57
Erosion and Sediment Control
Chapter 60
Storm water Detention
8. Use of Virginia Department of Transportation Specifications

Virginia Department of Transportation, Road and Bridge Specifications, latest edition, technical
specifications only, shall apply and become a part of these specifications whenever these specifications
do not adequately cover the work to be done. In the event there is a conflict between these specifications
and VDOT Specifications these specifications shall govern.
9. Infeasibility of Specifications
In the event that the Contractor determines that any aspects of the Specifications are infeasible, the
Contractor is obligated to immediately notify the Engineer of such infeasibility. If the Engineer agrees
Feb 2012
01000-4
SECTION 01000
that any aspect of the Specifications are in fact rendered infeasible, such determination shall in no way
invalidate or otherwise revoke the remainder of the Specifications.
10. Inspection of the Work
The Engineer and representatives of any public authority or public entity shall, at all times, have access
to and from the work site during preparation or progress of the work. The Contractor shall provide
suitable facilities for such access and for proper observation of the Work and shall conduct all special
tests required by the Contract Documents, the Engineers instructions, and any laws, ordinances, or
regulations of any public entity applicable to the Work.
11. Removal and Disposal of Obstructions
Unless instructed otherwise, the Contractor shall remove existing structures, materials and obstructions,
whether explicitly identified in the contract documents or not, which interfere with the new construction
at no expense to the County. If such structure, material, or obstruction is unanticipated by the Contract
Drawings, the Contractor shall notify the Project Officer prior to disturbance. Structures, materials,
artifacts, relics, and other obstructions found on the work site shall be the property of the County.
Structures and materials not desired by the County will become the property of the Contractor and shall
be disposed of by the Contractor in accordance with all applicable State, Federal, and local regulations.
Disposal of such items shall be at no additional expense to the County.
12. Work Site Conditions
The work site shall be kept and maintained by the Contractor in a neat, orderly, and workmanlike
appearance at all times. The Contractor shall remove and legally dispose of, as frequently as necessary,
all refuse, rubbish, scrap materials and debris generated at the site. At the completion of the work, but
before final acceptance by the Engineer, the Contractor shall remove and legally dispose of all surplus
materials, false work, temporary structures (including foundations thereof), and debris of every nature
resulting from the contractors operations or any activity associated with the work, and restore the site to
a neat, orderly condition. If the Contractor, at any time, fails to maintain the site in a neat, orderly, and
workmanlike condition, the County shall have the right, upon 24 hours notification, to remove and
dispose of such surplus materials, false work, temporary structures, and debris, and put the site in a neat
and orderly condition at the Contractors expense.
13. Public Convenience
At all times, work shall be conducted so as to ensure the least possible obstruction to traffic and
inconvenience to the general public and the properties and residents in the vicinity of the work. No road
or street shall be closed to the public except with the specific written permission of the Engineer and the
proper governmental authorities. Fire hydrants on or adjacent to the work site shall be kept in operating
condition and accessible to firefighting equipment at all times, unless explicitly permitted by the
Engineer. Temporary provisions shall be made and provided by the Contractor to ensure the continued
use of sidewalks, trails, and transit facilities compliant with all applicable ADA and other regulations.
Feb 2012
01000-5
SECTION 01000
14. Protection of Work and Property

a. The Contractor shall continuously maintain protection of all its Work from damage and shall
protect all public and private property from injury or loss arising in connection with this
Work. The Contractor shall make good any such damage, injury, or loss, except such as may
be caused by agents or employees of the County.
b. The Contractor shall not place upon the Work, or any part thereof, any loads which are not
consistent with the safety of that portion of the Work.
c. The Contractor shall be responsible for the preservation of all public and private property,
trees, monuments, etc., except those to be removed or abandoned in place and shall protect
carefully from disturbance or damage all monuments and property marks until an authorized
agent has witnessed or otherwise referenced their location and shall not remove them until
directed. Any damage which occurs by reason of the operations under this Work shall be
completely repaired by the Contractor at the Contractor's expense.
d. The Contractor shall shore, brace, underpin, secure, and protect, as may be necessary, all
foundations and other parts of existing structures adjacent to, adjoining, and in the vicinity of
the site that may be affected in any way by excavations or other operations connected with
the work embraced in this Work. The Contractor shall be responsible for the giving of any
and all required notices to any adjoining or adjacent property owned or other party before
commencement of any work. The Contractor shall indemnify and save the County harmless
from any damages on account of settlements or loss of all damages for which the County
may become liable in consequence of such injury or damage to adjoining and adjacent
structures and their premises.
e. In an emergency affecting the safety of life or of the work, or of adjoining property, the
Contractor, without special instruction or authorization from the Engineer or County, is
hereby permitted to act, at the Contractor's discretion, to prevent such threatened loss or
injury, and the Contractor shall so act without appeal, if so instructed or authorized.
15. Accident Prevention
The Contractor shall exercise proper precaution, at all times, for the protection of persons and property
and shall be responsible for all damages to persons and property either on or off the site, which occur as
a result of the Contractors performance of the work. The Contractor shall observe the safety provisions
of all applicable laws, including those of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, and
building and construction codes. The Contractor shall take or ensure that such additional safety and
health measures are taken as the County may determine to be reasonably necessary. Machinery,
equipment, and all hazards shall be guarded in accordance with the safety provisions of the Manual of
Accident Prevention published by the Associated General Contractors of America, Inc. to the extent
that such provisions are not in conflict with applicable local laws. The Contractor shall follow the
Rules and Regulations Governing Construction, Demolition, and all Excavation as adopted by the
Safety Codes Commission of Virginia, 1966, or latest edition, covering requirements for shoring,
bracing, and sheet piling of trench excavations.
Feb 2012
01000-6
SECTION 01000
16. Permission to Work on Highways and Across Utilities

When construction shall proceed to cross highways, railroads, or utilities under the jurisdiction of the
State, County, or other public agency, public utility, or private entity, the Contractor shall secure written
permission, where necessary, from the proper authority before executing such new construction. A copy
of such written permission must be filed with the County before any work is started. The Contractor
shall furnish to the Engineer a release from the proper authority before final acceptance of the work.
17. Adjacent Work
In case of a dispute arising between two or more contractors engaged on adjacent work as to the
respective rights of each under these specifications, the Engineer shall determine the rights of the
parties. The Engineers decision shall be final and binding on the parties concerned.
18. Connecting Work
The Contractor shall do all cutting, fitting, patching, digging, and other necessary preparations that may
be required to make several parts of the work fit properly and/or to receive or be received by the work of
other Contractors as shown upon or reasonably implied by the Construction Documents and as directed
by the Engineer. The Contractor shall not endanger the integrity of or adversely affect any work by such
cutting, fitting, patching, or other preparations. The Contractor shall not alter the work of any other
Contractor except with the written consent of the Engineer.
Feb 2012
01000-7
SECTION 01300
SUBMITTALS AND SUBMISSIONS
SECTION 01300 SUBMITTALS AND SUBSTITUTIONS

1. Purpose of Section
This section outlines the requirements for submitting and processing the construction schedule,
substitutions, shop drawings, samples, and other data which are required for the Engineers review for
conformance with the standards, specifications and contract documents.
2. Related Requirements Specified Elsewhere
Section 01000 - General Provisions and Requirements
Section 01400 - Testing
3. Submittals General Requirements
a. The Contractor or permit holder shall not begin work which requires the submission of other
data, until said submittals are returned with the Engineers initials or signature indicating
review and acceptance.
b. After any Submittal has been reviewed by the Engineer, no change will be considered unless
satisfactory evidence is presented to prove that the approved Submittal cannot be obtained or
that such change is in the Countys best interest.
c. All submittals shall be made so as to cause no delay in the project, allowing reasonable time
for review and checking by the Engineer. Except as specified otherwise, all submittals shall
be submitted at least ten (10) Business Days before the start of the affected work.
d. Submittals shall be accompanied by all required certifications and other such supporting
materials and in such sequence or in such groups that all related items may be checked
together.
e. When Submittals cannot be adequately reviewed because a submission is incomplete, does
not include all necessary appurtenant submittals, has been submitted out of sequence, is
illegible, or for any other reason, the Submittal will be returned by the Engineer without
action, or will be held until such materials as are necessary are received. Incomplete or
defective submissions as described above shall not be considered to have been submitted.
f. Submittals shall have been reviewed by the Contractor and coordinated with all other related
or affected work before they are submitted for approval. If the submittals indicate variations
from the Contract Documents because of standard shop practice or other reasons, the
Contractor shall make specific mention of such variations in the Contractors letter of
transmittal such that, if acceptable, suitable action may be taken for proper adjustment.
Otherwise, the Contractor will not be relieved of the responsibility of executing the work in
accordance with the Contract Documents, even if the Submittal was approved.
Feb 2012
g. The Engineer shall review the submittals with reasonable promptness. Review and/or
approval of submittals will be general for conformance with the design concept of the project
01300-1
SECTION 01300

and compliance with the information given in the Contract Documents. Approval shall not
be construed as permitting any departure from Contract requirements, as authorization of any
increase in price, as verification of quantities or field conditions, nor as relieving the
Contractor of the responsibility for any error in details, dimensions, or otherwise that may
exist.
h. The Contractor shall be responsible for the detailed accuracy of the submittals. Deviations in
submittals from the requirements of the Contract Documents or the construction standards
shall not be relieved unless the Engineer specifically accepts deviations named in writing by
the Contractor.
i. Unless otherwise specified, submit three copies of all submittals.
j. Accompany submittals with a transmittal letter containing the following information:
1. Date
2. Project title and number
3. Contractors and suppliers name and address
4. The number of each shop drawing, product data and sample submitted.
5. Identification of product or material
6. Relation to adjacent structure or material
7. Field dimensions, clearly identified as such
8. Applicable specification section number
9. Applicable standards, such as ASTM number or VDOT specifications.
10. Identification of deviations from Contract Documents
11. Contractors stamp, initiated or signed, certifying his review of the submittal, verification
of field measurements and compliance with Contract Documents.
4. Construction Schedule
Prior to commencing Work, the Contractor shall submit a Construction Schedule with the following
information:
a. Work breakdown structure to a level of detail appropriate to the work such that the Engineer
may reasonably monitor and determine at any point whether the Contractor is prosecuting the
Work as expected.
b. Task dependencies, durations, early and late starts and finishes.
c. Identification of Critical Path tasks.
Feb 2012
01300-2
SECTION 01300
5. Subcontractors
a. Prior to commencing Work, the Contractor shall submit for approval a list of all
Subcontractors which are proposed to be used on the Project. The list shall include the
following information for each Subcontractor:
1. Name and address of Subcontractor
2. Contact name, title, and phone number
3. Description of the Subcontractors qualifications to perform the anticipated Work.
6. Materials & Supplier of Products
Prior to commencing Work, the Contractor shall submit for approval a list of all Suppliers and Products
which are proposed for installation. The list shall be tabulated by applicable Specification section or
related trades or construction activities.
7. Substitutions
a. The Engineer will consider formal requests for substitution of products in place of those
specified up to fifteen Business Days before the start of work.
b. All proposals for substitutions shall be submitted in writing by the General Contractor or
permit holder and not by individual trades or material suppliers.
c. Include in the following information in any Substitution request:
1. Complete data substantiating compliance of proposed substitution with Contract
Documents.
2. Product identification, including manufacturers name, address and literature outlining
the product description, performance, test data and reference standards.
3. Samples, if applicable.
4. Name and address of similar projects on which product was used and date of installation.
5. Itemized comparison of proposed substitution with product or method specified including
any changes in construction schedule, relation to separate contracts, and accurate cost
data on proposed substitution in comparison with product or method specified.
d. If any proposed Substitution will affect any portion of the Project, adjacent construction,
work of other Contractors or Subcontractors, or use or functionality of the finished Project,
then the necessary changes to or affected functionality of the Project will be considered as an
essential part of the proposed Substitution. All such changes or accommodations necessary
to restore and/or provide the intended functionality of the Project shall be clearly documented
by the Contractor as part of the Submittal.
Feb 2012
e. The County will bear no additional expense as a result of any Substitution.

01300-3
SECTION 01300
f. The Engineer will review proposed substitutions and make his recommendations in writing
within ten working days. The Contractor shall abide by the Engineers recommendations
when proposed substitute materials or items of equipment are not accepted for installation
and shall furnish the specified material or item of equipment in such case.
8. Shop Drawings
a. Submit drawings, prepared by Contractor, subcontractor, supplier or distributor, which
illustrates some portion of the work; showing fabrication, layout, setting or erection details.
b. Identify details by reference to sheet and detail numbers shown on Contract Drawings or the
Construction Standards.
c. Use a minimum sheet size of 8 inches x 11 inches.
d. When submitting specific product data, catalog sheets, or the manufacturers standard
schematic drawings, modify the submissions to delete information which is not applicable to
the project. When required, supplement the standard information to provide additional
information applicable to project.
e. Show dimensions and clearances required.
f. Show performance characteristics and capacities, where applicable.
g. Note clearly on the drawings any deviations from the material or equipment as specified.
h. The Engineer will review the Shop Drawings with reasonable promptness.
9. Samples
a. Where required, provide physical examples to illustrate materials, equipment or
workmanship, and to establish standards by which completed work is to be judged in such
quantities and locations as required by the specifications.
b. Samples shall be submitted in single units, unless specified otherwise.
c. Materials and equipment incorporated into the Work shall match the approved Samples.
10. Resubmissions Requirements
If Submittals are disapproved or require revision, revise the initial submittal and resubmit as specified
for initial submittal. Indicate on re-submittal any changes which have been made other than those
requested by the Engineer.
Feb 2012
01300-4
SECTION 01400
TESTING
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1
Purpose of Section
This section outlines the requirements for testing and verification of work, materials, and any
other miscellaneous items required by the Contract Documents.
1.2
Related Requirements Specified Elsewhere

Section 01300 Submittals
PART II - MATERIALS
PART III - EXECUTION
3.1
General Requirements
A. Materials, supplies, equipment, and work shall be fully tested in accordance with the
Contract Documents. Unless otherwise noted within the specification section, perform
the type and number of tests called for by the standards referenced.
B. Testing shall be done by an independent testing laboratory approved by the Engineer.
C. Certifications of testing and inspections by the testing laboratory, mills, shops, and
factories shall be submitted per Section 01300.
D. The Contractor shall provide the necessary labor and supervision required to support field
testing and inspection by the Engineer at no additional cost to the County. Defects
disclosed by tests shall be rectified at no additional cost to the County.
E. Testing and inspection of the Work shall not relieve the Contractor of his responsibility
for conforming to the requirements of the Contract Documents.
PART IV MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT

4.1.
Testing
1. Unless otherwise specified, testing of materials, supplies, equipment, and work to comply
with these specifications shall be considered incidental to the work, and the Contractor
will not be entitled to further payment. The County may direct additional testing in
excess of the Contract requirements at the Countys expense, unless such testing reveals
non-compliant work, in which case the Contractor shall bear the cost of the testing.
Sept 2013
01400-1
SECTION 01500
TEMPORARY EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL
SECTION 01500 TEMPORARY EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL

PART 1 - GENERAL
1. Description of Work
This work shall consist of the application of temporary measures throughout the life of the project to
control erosion and siltation. Such measures shall include, but are not limited to, the use of berms, dikes,
dams, sediment basins, fiber mats, silt fences, straw bales, washed gravel or crushed stone, mulch,
grasses, slope drains, temporary seeding, and other methods. Temporary erosion and siltation control
measures as described herein, shall be applied to erodible material exposed by any activity associated
with the construction, and consistent with state and local control standards.
2. Related Work Specified Elsewhere
Section 02100- Clearing and Grubbing
Section 02200- Earthwork
Erosion and Sediment Control (Chapter 57 of the Arlington County Code)
4. Applicable References
Virginia Soil and Water Conservation Commission Erosion and Sediment Control Handbook.
5. Submittals
Prior to the start of the work the Contractor shall prepare and submit a plan for applying temporary and
permanent erosion and siltation control measures. The plan shall include, but is not limited to, the
operations of clearing and grubbing, stripping of topsoil, grading, stabilizing cleared areas, dewatering,
and the construction of structures at watercourses. Construction work shall not commence until the
schedule of work and the methods of operations have been reviewed and approved by the Engineer.
Temporary measures shall be coordinated with the construction of permanent drainage facilities and
other contract work to the extent practicable to assure economical, effective, and continuous erosion and
sediment control, and to prevent any damage, clogging, or other negative impacts upon the Work or
other property.
6. Permits
Unless otherwise specified, the Contractor is responsible for obtaining and complying with any and all
applicable State, Federal, and Local permits which are required for construction, including, but not
limited to Virginia Water Protection Permits issued by the Virginia DEQ, General Nationwide Permits
issued by the US Army Corps of Engineers, and Virginia Stormwater Management Program Permits
issued by the Virginia DCR.
Feb 2012
01500-1
SECTION 01500
PART 2 - MATERIALS
Materials shall be at the Contractors option with the approval of the Engineer in accordance with
Arlington County Code, Erosion and Sediment Control Ordinance (Chapter 57).
PART 3 - EXECUTION
7. Installation and Maintenance of Erosion and Sediment Control
a. No grading operations will be allowed until temporary sediment and erosion control
measures have been installed in accordance with the approved plan conforming to the
requirements of Arlington County Erosion and Sediment Control Ordinance.
b. Control measures shall be periodically cleaned of silt and maintained. Immediately after
every rainstorm, all control measures shall be inspected and any deficiencies corrected by the
Contractor.
c. The County reserves the right to order the performance of other temporary measures not
specifically described herein to correct an erosion or siltation condition.
d. Temporary control measures may be removed when the area has been stabilized.
8. Extent of Grading Operations
a. The Contractor shall limit the surface area of earth material exposed by grubbing, stripping
of topsoil and excavation to that which is necessary to perform the next operation within a
given area.
b. Unless specifically authorized by the Engineer, the grubbing of root mat and stumps shall be
confined to the area over which excavation is to be actively prosecuted within 30 days
following the grubbing operations.
c. The stripping of topsoil shall be confined to the area over which excavation is to be actively
prosecuted within 15 days following the stripping operations; and excavation and
embankment construction shall be confined to the minimum area necessary to accommodate
the Contractors equipment and work force engaged in the earth moving work.
d. No disturbed area, including stockpiles, is to remain denuded longer than 30 days without
temporary seeding or otherwise stabilizing the area.
9. Dewatering and Discharges
a. All dewatering operations shall be conducted in a manner that prevents or minimizes the
amount of sediment or other pollutants which discharge to the County storm sewer system,
which includes curb and gutter, or any open watercourse. Any discharge from dewatering
operations shall be properly filtered prior to being discharged. Dewatering activities shall not
create any erosion nor flooding. A dewatering plan must be included as part of the Erosion
and Sediment Control plan with sufficient detail to ensure that the proposed dewatering will
meet all applicable requirements.
Feb 2012
01500-2
SECTION 01500
b. All non-stormwater discharges to the Countys storm sewer system, which includes curb and
gutter, or any open watercourse must comply with the conditions of Section A.1.a.3 of the
Countys VSMP Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System (MS4) Permit. Contaminants,
including but not limited to, volatile organic compounds, petroleum products, metals,
PCBs/Pesticides, shall not be discharged to the Countys storm sewer system without
approval from Arlington County. A separate Virginia Pollutant Discharge Elimination
System (VPDES) permit, issued by DEQ may be required.
c. Contractors shall not dump or dispose of anything in a storm drain, street, stream, or riparian
area that could cause adverse conditions. Contractors shall employ good housekeeping and
pollution prevention measures at work sites at all times. Work areas, including staging or
stockpile areas, shall be kept clean and free of trash and debris to the maximum extent
possible. Construction materials shall be properly stored and secured. Stockpiled materials
shall be kept covered and perimeter controls shall be employed to minimize exposure to
wind, precipitation, and runoff. Equipment and vehicle washing shall not be permitted onsite without proper controls and facilities to collect all sediment and/or pollutants. Spill kits
and appropriate tools for cleanup shall be kept on-site at all times. Spills shall be cleaned
immediately using absorbent materials or other appropriate measures which will prevent any
pollutants from entering a storm drain or open watercourse.
PART 4 - MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT

10. Measurement and Payment
a. Unless otherwise specified, no separate measurement of quantities will be made for this
work. Temporary erosion and sediment control as detailed on the approved plan is considered
to be a subsidiary obligation to the Contract and therefore, there will be no payment made for
this work.
b. No measurement will be made for temporary erosion control required to correct conditions
created due to the Contractors negligence, carelessness or failure to install permanent
controls in accordance with the approved plan, or methods or sequence of such work.
c. No measurement will be made for limiting the area of construction operations as directed by
the Engineer. The cost of shaping the top of earthwork, constructing temporary earth berms,
slope drains, straw bales, etc., considered being a subsidiary obligation to the Contract and
therefore, there will be no payment made for this work.
d. In the event the Contractor repeatedly fails to satisfactorily control erosion and siltation, the
Owner reserves the right to employ outside assistance or to use its own forces to provide the
corrective measures indicated; the cost of such work, plus engineering costs, will be deducted
from monies due to the Contractor for other work.
Feb 2012
01500-3
SECTION 02100
CLEARING AND GRUBBING
SECTION 02100 CLEARING AND GRUBBING

PART 1 - GENERAL
Provide all labor, material and equipment to perform all clearing and grubbing as called for on the
approved plans and as specified herein, or as necessary to prosecute the Work.
Section 01500 Temporary Erosion and Sediment Control
Section 02200- Earthwork
Erosion and Sediment Control Ordinance (Chapter 57 of the Arlington County Code)
Garbage, Refuse and Weeds Code (Chapter 10 of the Arlington County Code)
American Association of Nurserymen (A.A.N.)
International Society of Arboriculture (I.S.A.) National Arborist Association (N.A.N.)
4. Protection of Vegetation
a. Protect existing trees, shrubs and bushes outside the limits of clearing and grubbing by
fencing or barricading as required by the Urban Forester (DPRCR). Protect existing trees
designated to be saved inside the limits of clearing and grubbing by methods approved by the
Urban Forester (DPRCR), which may include tree protection fencing, root pruning, and/or
protective matting.
b. Trees damaged by construction operations shall be evaluated by the Urban Forester
(DPRCR) and replaced, pruned, and/or treated. Pruning or treatment must be performed by
an International Society of Arboriculture (I.S.A) Certified Arborist.
c. Replace trees damaged beyond repair by the construction process with nursery grown stock
meeting American Association of Nurserymen (A.A.N.) Standards. Trees shall be replaced
per the Countys tree replacement guidelines.
5. Protection of Property
a. Protect property pipes, stones and monuments from damage. The Contractor will be
responsible for replacing disturbed markers by a registered surveyor at no expense to the
County.
Feb 2012
02100-1
SECTION 02100
b. Protect street, roads, historical objects, adjacent property, vegetation and other works to
remain throughout the contract.
PART 2 - MATERIALS
PART 3 - EXECUTION
6. Clearing
The area of clearing shall be maintained within the limits shown on the plans. Individual trees, groups of
trees and other vegetations, which are to remain within the areas to be cleared, are to be undisturbed,
standing and not injured. Tree protection boundaries will be established and secured as directed by the
Urban Forester (DPRCR) to protect the root systems as well as above ground trees. The tree protection
area shall not be violated.
7. Grubbing
The area of grubbing shall be maintained within the clearing limits shown on the plans. Remove stumps
and matted roots to a depth of 24 inches below existing ground surface. Refill excavations made by
removal of stumps or roots as specified for backfill in Section 02200.
8. Trimming of Trees
a. Trees may be trimmed to remove branches or roots which interfere with construction when
so approved by the Engineer and Urban Forester (DPRCR). All trimming and pruning shall
conform to specifications and standards of practice of the National Arborist Association.
b. Do not unnecessarily cut tree roots extending into grading limits. When roots are exposed by
the work, cut them back cleanly with hand pruning shears, lopping shears or hand saws, and
backfill with approved topsoil immediately. Backfill around tree roots immediately after
completion of construction in vicinity of the trees. Backfill around trees and roots shall be
compacted to no more than 80% unless otherwise directed by the Engineer.
9. Salvage
a. Unless otherwise indicated on the plans, remove only those trees which directly interfere
with the construction of the project. Trees designated by the Engineer to be salvaged shall be
either mechanically dug with a tree spade or hand dug, balled and burlapped with root ball
sizes as specified by the American Association of Nurserymen.
b. Material which is to be salvaged, as a result of clearing operations, shall include live plants
suitable for replanting. Shrubbery is to be transplanted as trees using A.A.N. Standards. If
required, temporarily replant the shrub and at the completion of construction replace
according to A.A.N. Standards.
c. Place any desirable topsoil in well-drained stockpiles, not to exceed 7 feet in height, and
protect per Section 01500
Feb 2012
02100-2
SECTION 02100
10. Disposal
a. Dispose of trees and shrubs in accordance with the Garbage, Refuse and Weeds Ordinance of
the Arlington County Code. When approved by the Engineer, material may be dumped
within the Contract area where directed.
b. Do not burn materials on the site. The County Fire Marshal may consider granting a waiver
from open burning restrictions in cases where the State Air Pollution Control Board has
granted a waiver to the Contractor or permit holder. The responsibility for obtaining all
waivers shall be the Contractors or permit holders.
c. Remove material from the site as it accumulates. Do not allow waste material to accumulate
for more than 48 hours.

No separate measurement of quantities will be made for this work. Clearing and grubbing is considered
to be a subsidiary obligation of the contract and, therefore, there will be no payment made for this work.
Feb 2012
02100-3
SECTION 02200
EARTHWORK
SECTION 02200 EARTHWORK

PART 1 - GENERAL
Provide all labor, material and equipment to perform all excavation, transportation, handling, disposal,
placement, shaping, compaction, and other tasks pertaining to earthwork for the structures, pipelines,
roadways, and other work as called for on the approved plans and as specified herein.
Section 01500 Temporary Erosion & Sediment Control
Section 02100 - Clearing and Grubbing
Section 02202 - Rock Excavation
Section 02400 - Sheeting, Shoring and Bracing
Section 02650 - Restoration of Roadway
a. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)
b. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)
c. Occupational Safety and Health Act, State & Federal (OSHA)
d. Underground Utility Protection Ordinance (Chapter 55 of the Arlington County Code)
e. Erosion and Sediment Control Ordinance (Chapter 57 of the Arlington County Code)
f. Virginia Department of Transportation, Road and Bridge Specifications (VDOT)
4. Underground Utilities
The location of existing utilities has been indicated on the drawings based on the best information
available. The completeness or accuracy of the information is not guaranteed. Contractor shall notify
Miss Utility in accordance with the provisions stipulated in the Underground Utility Protection
Ordinance (Chapter 55), of the Arlington County Code.
5. Overhead Utilities
The Contractor shall identify and protect all existing overhead utility poles and facilities in the vicinity
of the Work. The Contractor will be solely responsible for all necessary notification and coordination
Feb 2012
02200-1
SECTION 02200
EARTHWORK
with the utility owner(s). There will be no payment made for necessary bracing, sheeting, shoring, or
other work required to protect and maintain existing utility poles or overhead utilities.
6. Existing Foundations
When foundations are located such that excavation may endanger or interfere with an existing structure
or utility, the Contractor shall take all measures necessary to protect the existing utilities or structures.
There will be no payment made for these measures.
7. Stability of Excavations
The Contractor shall be solely responsible for the stability of excavations and for meeting all State and
Federal OSHA requirements. Provide all sheathing, lagging, bracing, and other support required to
retain the stability of excavations.
8. Care and Restoration of Pavement and Property
When excavations are to be made in paved surfaces, the Contractor shall sawcut or use of a similar tool
so as to provide a clean, uniform edge with a minimum of disturbance to remaining pavement.
Pavement and other property outside of the defined Limits of Disturbance shall be preserved in the
condition existent prior to construction. Damage or other impacts upon pavement or property outside
the Limits of Disturbance shall be restored immediately at the Contractors expense.
9. Construction Tolerance
Compact, shape, slope, and dress to yield the grades and slopes illustrated on the approved plans. In
backfilled or other non-paved areas, grades shall be within 0.10 foot of the design grade. Slopes shall
not be steeper than 2(H):1(V) and shall not deviate from a theoretical plane surface by more than 0.5
feet.
PART 2 - MATERIALS
10. Backfill
Backfill shall be free of vegetation, masses of roots, and stones over 3-inches in any dimension, frozen
material, cinders, ashes, refuse, or porous matter. Organic matter shall not exceed minor quantities and
shall be well distributed. In addition, Backfill shall be of such a nature and in such condition that it can
be compacted to a dense and stable fill.
11. Topsoil
a. Topsoil furnished by the Contractor shall consist of a natural friable surface soil without
admixtures of subsoil, refuse, or foreign materials. It shall be reasonably free from roots,
hard clay, coarse gravel, stones larger than 2 inches in any dimension, noxious weeds
(including quackgrass rhizomes and the nut-like tubers of nutsedge), tall grass, brush, sticks,
stubble, or other materials which would be detrimental to the proper development of
vegetative growth.
Feb 2012
02200-2
SECTION 02200
EARTHWORK
b. Topsoil shall contain not less than 3% nor more than 10% organic matter by weight.
c. The Contractor shall Submit per Section 01300 to the Project Officer a soil analysis
describing the soil composition including pH factor and percentage of organic content prior
to placing any Topsoil.
12. Select Borrow
Select Borrow shall conform to VDOT Section 207 Select Material, Type I.
13. Inspection of Materials
The Project Officer shall determine the feasibility or suitability of soils based upon testing provided by
the Contractor and any other relevant information. The Project Officers decision shall be final.
PART 3 - EXECUTION
14. Location & Protection of Existing Structures & Utilities
a. Locate all utility pipes, conduits and facilities well ahead of the excavation process. Plainly
mark all such locations and comply with the Underground Utility Protection Ordinance
(Chapter 55), of the Arlington County Code.
b. Where the Contractor has identified or anticipates existing utilities, structures, or artifacts,
excavate using hand tools or other labor intensive activity as necessary to protect the
facilities. No extra compensation or time will be allowed for this activity
c. In case of damage caused by the Work, notify the owner or appropriate agency or party and
affect repair in a manner resulting in a condition at least equal to the condition prior to
construction. No extra compensation or time will be allowed for repair of damages.
15. Trench Excavation
a. Carry out the excavation, dewatering, sheeting, and bracing in such manner as to eliminate
any possibility of undermining or disturbing the foundations of any existing structure, utility,
facility, or any work previously completed.
b. Excavate pipe trenches to the necessary depth as shown on the drawings, holding the width
below top of pipe as shown in the Standard Details.
c. The Contractor shall comply with all OSHA and/or other applicable regulations for
excavation.
d. Excavate trenches to provide a uniform and continuous bearing and support for the pipe and
appurtenant structures on solid and undisturbed ground and at the specified grade at every
point.
e. Correct any part of the trench bottom excavated below the specified grade with approved
materials and thoroughly compact. Shape the bottom of all pipeline trenches to fit the lower
Feb 2012
02200-3
SECTION 02200
EARTHWORK
part of the pipe exterior for a width of a least 60% of the pipe breadth. Shape the excavation
and/or bedding for pipe bells, joints, and fittings. Care shall be taken that stones and lumps
shall not become nested.
f. Should an unacceptable bedding for the proposed pipe or structure be encountered, notify the
Engineer. The Engineer may direct additional excavation below the bottom of the proposed
pipe or structure and direct the contractor to provide an alternate bedding or foundation.
Additional excavation due to the fault or negligence of the Contractor or without prior
approval from the Engineer shall be remedied at the expense of the Contractor.
16. Sheeting, Shoring, and Bracing
Provide sheeting, shoring and bracing in accordance with Section 02400.
17. Storage, Handling, and Disposal of Excavated Materials
a. Carefully remove loam and topsoil to be incorporated in the finished work and store separate
from the other excavated material. Failure to isolate loam and topsoil from the other
excavations shall require that said soils not be used as topsoil.
b. Excavation shall include the disposal of material deemed unsuitable by the Project Officer
for reuse in the Work. The Contractor shall stockpile, treat, and/or otherwise manipulate
suitable materials which may be incorporated into the project at a later date or different
location. The Contractor is responsible for protecting any stockpiled material from
contamination by unsuitable material and from degradation by any other means. Failure by
the Contractor to adequately handle and protect excavated material will result in the
Contractor being directed to use Select Borrow or other approved material at no expense to
the County. Unless otherwise specified, the Contractor will be solely responsible for
securing the necessary area for stockpiling, treating, protecting, and related activities.
c. Do not mix pavement with other excavated material. Dispose of excavated pavement away
from the work site immediately. All costs associated with removing, handling, transporting,
disposing, etc. of existing pavement, curb and gutter, sidewalks, driveway aprons, etc. is
considered to be incidental to Excavation and no additional compensation will be considered
for such activities.
d. All materials deemed unsuitable for use in the Work by the Project Officer shall be disposed
of by the Contractor at his own expense. Storing, transporting, loading, handling, treating,
and other associated costs are considered to be incidental to the Work and no additional
compensation will be considered for such activities.
e. The County shall take preference over others in claiming excavated material. The Contractor
shall consult the Engineer before disposing of such materials.
f. If space is available at the Countys Trades Center, the Contractor may be directed to dispose
of clean excavated asphalt and/or unreinforced concrete pavement there, at no cost to the
Contractor or the County. If space is not available at the Trades Center, the Contractor will
be responsible for alternate disposal arrangements. No additional compensation will be made
Feb 2012
02200-4
SECTION 02200
EARTHWORK
if the Trades Center does not have adequate space to accommodate materials from the
project.
18. Dewatering
At all times during construction provide, place and maintain ample means and devices with which to
remove promptly all water entering trenches and other excavations. Keep excavations dry until the
structures, pipes, and appurtenances to be built therein have been completed and backfilled. Dispose of
all water pumped or drained from the work without impact to the Work, traffic, or injury to public or
private property, and in compliance with all Local, State, and Federal regulations.
19. Backfilling General
a. If the Project Officer determines that sufficient approved material from excavation on the
job-site is not available for backfill, the Contractor shall secure material from areas outside
the job-site to complete the backfill.
b. All backfill materials shall contain sufficient moisture for proper compaction.
c. Except in proposed landscape areas, or where otherwise specified, each layer of material
shall be compacted to a dry density not less than 95 percent of the maximum determined by
the Modified Proctor Compaction Test. Upon completion of backfilling in any area under
the contract, the Owner may make tests to determine the degree of compaction of the backfill
material. If the results of test indicate densities less than specified, the Contractor shall, at his
own expense, remedy the condition as directed, in such portions of the trenches as may be
required.
d. Backfill all excavations as rapidly as practicable after the completion of each section of the
work. All unauthorized excavations made by the Contractor shall be immediately backfilled
at the Contractors expense. Complete all backfilling to the dimensions and levels shown on
the drawings.
e. The placement of material around structures shall be carried out symmetrically around the
structure in horizontal lifts not to exceed six inches of loose material. The Contractor shall
protect, and be responsible for any damages to adjacent structures or utilities.
f. Start backfilling around concrete structures only after the concrete has reached sufficient
strength to withstand the pressure exerted by the material and compacting equipment and
after carrying out and satisfactorily completing the tests specified in Section 03100, Concrete
Formwork, Reinforcement and Materials.
g. At points which cannot be reached by mobile mechanical equipment, use suitable powerdriven tampers to achieve the same degree of compaction.
h. No material shall be placed or compacted when it is wet or frozen or when the sub grade or
previously placed material is wet or frozen.
Feb 2012
02200-5
SECTION 02200
EARTHWORK
20. Backfill for Pipelines

a. The sub grade shall be properly shaped before any material is placed and compacted. Care
shall be taken that stones and lumps shall not become nested.
b. Place backfill material in six-inch layers to a point at least two feet above the pipe crown.
Thoroughly compact each layer for the full trench width and under, around, and over the
pipe, using hand-operated mechanical tampers exerting a pressure of not less than 250 foot
pounds per square foot of tamping force. The contractor will be responsible for pipe damage
as a result of excessive tamping force.
c. Remainder of trench, more than two feet above pipe crown, may be backfilled by machinery
in one-foot layers, thoroughly compacted.
21. Final Grading & Topsoil
a. Prior to placement of topsoil, the subgrade shall be disced or rototilled to a minimum depth
of 2 inches.
b. Topsoil shall be uniformly distributed in a 4-8 inch layer and lightly compacted to a
thickness of 4 inches (or as indicated on the plans) using a cultipacker, roller, or other
approved equipment weighing 100-160 pounds per linear foot of roller.
c. Topsoil shall not be placed when either the topsoil or the subgrade is frozen, excessively wet,
extremely dry, or in a condition otherwise detrimental to proper grading.
d. Final grading shall not permit ponding of water.
22. Tests and Testing
a. The optimum moisture content and the maximum density of each type of material used for
structural fill and backfill shall be determined by Standard Test Methods for Moisture
Density Relations of Soils and Oil- Aggregate Mixtures Using 5.5-lb. Rammer and 12-inch
Drop (ASTM D698) or (AASHTO T-99).
b. The field moisture content of materials being compacted shall be determined by Laboratory
Determination of Moisture Content of Soil, (ASTM D2216). The field density of compacted
material shall be determined by either Standard Test Method for Density of Soil in Place by
Sand Cone Method, (ASTM D1556) or- Standard Test Method for Density of Soil in Place
by the Rubber Balloon Method, (ASTM D2167).
c. Perform sufficient field density and field moisture content tests on each lift of material to
ensure the Engineer that the requirements of this Section of the Specifications are compiled
with.
d. State when and where the tests are to be made so that the Engineer may observe the testing.
Submit certified reports verifying test results. The Engineer may order more testing should he
feel the above procedures to give inadequate information, or if he feels the results of such
testing to be questionable.
Feb 2012
02200-6
SECTION 02200
EARTHWORK
23. Maintenance of Backfilled Excavations

a. The Contractor shall maintain the backfilled area in proper condition for a period of one year
after final acceptance of the project. All defects shall be promptly corrected. If the Contractor
fails to do so within a reasonable time after the receipt of written notice from the Engineer,
the County may correct any dangerous condition at the Contractors expense.
b. The Contractor shall be responsible for any injury or damage that may result from improper
maintenance of trenches at any time previous to the end of the aforementioned guarantee
period.
24. Fill or Embankments
a. Fill or embankment above existing grade shall consist of the placing, shaping, and
compaction of approved Backfill material as illustrated on the approved plans.
b. Concrete foundations, slabs, rocks, boulders, and similar material removed during excavation
may be utilized in embankments when said material will be located five feet or more below
the proposed subgrade surface. When such materials are used, they shall be fractured into
pieces such that no dimension exceeds 18 inches in any dimension or plane. The Contractor
shall take care to ensure that no voids develop, and will be held responsible for any surface
settlement resulting there from.
c. The embankment material shall be uniformly compacted throughout in lifts of no more than
12 inches, except in the case of rock, where lifts of up to 2 feet may be used. Except as
otherwise allowed in the paragraph above, the embankment material shall conform to the
requirements of Backfill. Each layer shall be compacted at optimum moisture content and
the embankment shall have the required maximum density of ninety five percent (95%) as
compared to the density of the same material when tested in accordance with AASHTO T99.
d. Do not place embankment upon frozen ground or areas covered with snow or ice or saturated
soils.
e. The area upon which embankments are to be placed shall be denuded of vegetation per
Section 02100.
f. Compact the ground upon which the embankment will be constructed to a depth of 8 inches
prior to placing any fill material.
g. Embankments to be constructed over swampy areas may be deposited by end dumping the
original course. This course may exceed 8, but shall be the minimum depth required to
support the equipment and shall be determined by the Engineer. The use of compaction
equipment will not be required on the original course.
Feb 2012
02200-7
SECTION 02200
EARTHWORK

25. Excavation
When explicitly included as a pay item, Excavation will be measured by the cubic yard as illustrated on
the approved plans, or as approved by the Project Officer. Excavation in excess of that shown on the
approved plans will not be compensated, unless specifically approved in advance by the Project Officer.
Payment will include all labor, materials, and equipment and will include excavation, handling, storage
and disposal of materials, backfilling, compaction, testing, and all other activities necessary to comply
with these Specifications.
26. Fill
When explicitly included as a pay item, Fill will be measured by the cubic yard in place as illustrated on
the approved plans, or as approved by the project Officer, and will include all materials, equipment, and
labor to construct the fills or embankments as illustrated on the construction drawings. Unless otherwise
specified, Backfilling of excavations will not be compensated as Fill. Payment will include all clearing
and grubbing, preparation, acquisition, transporting, storing, and handling of material, placement,
shaping, compaction, and other activities necessary to comply with these Specifications.
27. Over excavation
When included as a pay item or Stipulated Price Item, and authorized by the Project Officer, Over
Excavation conducted as a result of obstructions or unsuitable bedding for pipes or structures shall be
measured in cubic yards excavated in excess of the contract documents. Payment shall be made for
cubic yards and will include excavation, handling, storage and disposal of materials, backfilling,
compaction, testing, and all other activities necessary to comply with these Specifications. When not
included as a pay item or Stipulated Price Item, Over Excavation will be paid as Excavation. No
payment shall be made for any Over Excavation unless ordered in writing by the Engineer prior to
commencement of the operations.
28. Select Borrow
When included as a pay item or Stipulated Price Item, and authorized by the Project Officer, Select
Borrow shall be measured in cubic yards in place. Payment will include acquisition of materials,
transport, preparation, handling, storage, placement, compaction, testing, and other activities necessary
to comply with these Specifications
29. Protection of Existing Utilities, Structures, and Property
Protection of existing utilities (above and below ground), structures, and other property is considered a
subsidiary obligation of the Work. There will be no compensation or other consideration for the
protection, repair, replacement, or restoration of any such facilities. In the event of unknown and
unidentified underground utilities or other underground structures that must be protected to complete the
Work, the Contractor shall immediately notify the Engineer. The Contractor shall identify appropriate
methods to protect the unidentified facilities, and any compensation deemed due, and shall obtain
approval from the Engineer prior to undertaking any action.
Feb 2012
02200-8
SECTION 02200
EARTHWORK
30. Testing
Testing will be considered subsidiary to the Work and no compensation will be approved. If the Project
Officer directs testing in excess of that required by the Contract Documents, the Contractor shall be
entitled to compensation unless such testing reveals noncompliant work
Feb 2012
02200-9
SECTION 02202
ROCK EXCAVATION
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1
Description of Work
Provide all labor, materials, tools and equipment as required to excavate and dispose of rock
as specified herein.
1.2
Related Work Specified Elsewhere
Section 02200 - Earthwork for Structures and

Pipelines Section 02201 - Earthwork for Roadways
1.3
Applicable Specifications
Underground Utility Protection Ordinance (Chapter 55 of the Arlington County Code)
1.4
Submittals
Submit the blasting plan to the Engineer for review and acceptance. Keep and submit to the
Engineer an accurate record of each blast. The record shall show the general location of the
blast, the depth and number of drill holes, the kind and quantity of explosive used, and other
data required for a complete record.
1.5
Definition:
Rock shall be defined as:
1.
2.
1.6
Boulders or concrete material, excluding curb and gutter and sidewalk,

exceeding 1/2 cubic yard in volume.
Solid ledge rock conglomerate deposits and non-stratified masses so firmly
cemented as to require drilling and blasting; wedging; and/or barring for its
removal.
Permits and Regulations

A.
Obtain all permits required for the transportation, handling, storage and use of
explosives and drilling equipment. Blasting permits shall be obtained from
the Arlington County Fire Marshal.
B.
Observe the Underground Utility Protection Ordinance of Arlington County as

well as state and federal laws and ordinances relating to explosives. Blasters
shall have licenses available for examination at all times on the work site.
05/2005
02202-1
SECTION 02202
ROCK EXCAVATION
PART 2 - MATERIALS
Explosives shall be commercial grade. Explosives, equipment and appurtenant items are the
Contractor's option.
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.1
General
Excavate rock to the lines and grades indicated on the construction standards. Excavate to 6
inches below pipe or precast structure bottom and to the bottom of poured-in-place concrete
structures.
3.2
Explosives
When the use of explosives is necessary, exercise the utmost care not to endanger life or
property. Be responsible for damage resulting from the use of explosives. The Engineer shall
not be responsible for the blasting plan.
3.3
3.4
Blasting
A.
Notify the Engineer at least 48 hours in advance of blasting operations.
B.
Conduct all operations involving explosives using experienced personnel only.
C.
Blast only with such quantities and strengths of explosives and in such manner
as will break the rock approximately to the intended lines and grades.
D.
Avoid excessive cracking of the rock upon or against which any structure will
be built. Prevent damage to existing pipes or other structures and property
above or below ground.
E.
Cover areas to be blasted with mats, logs or other material to stop flying
matter during explosions. Give sufficient warning to all persons in the vicinity
of the work before a charge is exploded. Employ flagmen to stop or direct
traffic as required.
Excess Rock Excavation
If rock is excavated beyond the limits of excavation indicated on the standard and is not
authorized in writing by the Engineer, the excess excavation, whether resulting from over
breakage or other causes, shall be defined as excess rock excavation and backfilled, by and at
the expense of the Contractor, as specified below:
1.
05/2005
In pipe trenches, excess excavation below the elevation of the bottom of the
pipe bedding, cradle or encasement shall be filled with material of the same
02202-2
SECTION 02202
ROCK EXCAVATION
type, placed and compacted in the same manner, as specified for the bedding,
cradle, or encasement.
3.5
2.
In excavations for structures, excess rock excavation beneath foundations shall

be filled with Class A3 concrete. Other excess rock excavations shall be filled
with structural fill as specified in Section 02200 with the approval of the
Engineer.
3.
In excavations for roadways, excess rock excavation shall be filled with

material as specified for the sub grade.
Shattered Rock
If rock below normal depth is shattered due to drilling or blasting operations and such
shattered rock is unfit for foundations, the shattered rock shall be removed and the excavation
shall be backfilled as described above in excess rock excavation. All such removal and
backfilling shall be classified as excess rock excavation and shall be at no additional expense
to the County.
4.1
The measurement for rock excavation for structures and pipelines shall be the vertical
depth up to 6 inches below pipe and precast structures and to the bottom of cast-inplace structures. The pay width for rock shall be as shown in the pipe trench standards
for pipe and shall be the outside dimension plus 12 inches for structures. The pay
width and depth shall be fixed regardless of the actual dimensions of rock excavation.
Payment shall be made for the cubic yards excavated and shall include the pipe or
precast structure bedding due to over excavation. Any additional testing required,
including seismograph, other than that shown on approved plans shall be done at no
cost to the County.
4.2
The measurement for rock excavation for roadways shall be to the bottom of the sub
grade and to the lines and grades as shown on the approved plans. Payment shall be
made for the cubic yards excavated.
05/2005
02202-3
SECTION 02210
RIPRAP
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1
Description of Work
Provide all labor, material, equipment and incidentals to furnish and place the riprap as called
for on the approved plans and as specified herein.
1.2
Section 03100 - Concrete Formwork, Reinforcement and Materials Section 04100 - Mortar
and Grout
1.3
Virginia Department of Transportation, Road and Bridge Specifications (VDOT)
PART 2 - MATERIALS
2.1
General
A.
Stone for riprap and bedding shall be as specified in VDOT Section 205 and
shall be sound, durable and free from seams, cracks and other structural defects
or imperfections tending to destroy its resistance to weathering.
B.
Riprap bedding shall be reasonably well graded crush stone within the
following limits:
Sieve Size
3-inch
1-1/2-inch
3/4-inch
No. 4
No. 16
No. 50
C.
2.2
Total Percent Passing

100
75-95
50-85
25-55
10-25
2-10
Grade A, B, or C sand may be used in mortared or grouted riprap.
Dry Riprap
A. Dry riprap, Class I, shall meet VDOT Section 414.03(a).

B. Dry riprap, Class II, shall meet VDOT Section 414.03(a).
C. Dry riprap, Class III, shall meet VDOT Section 414.03(a).
05/2005
02210-1
SECTION 02210
2.3
RIPRAP
Mortared Riprap
Stone for this purpose shall as far as practicable, be selected as to size and shape in order to
secure fairly large, flat-surfaced stone which will produce a nearly true and even surface with a
minimum of voids. Place the stone upon a slope not steeper than the natural angle of repose of
the fill material. Fifty percent of the mass shall be broad flat stones, 2 cubic feet or more in
volume, laid with the flat surface uppermost and parallel to the slope. Mortar mix shall
conform to the requirements of Section 04100.
2.4
Grouted Riprap
Grout for grouted riprap shall consist of one part of Portland cement and three parts of sand,
thoroughly mixed with water to produce grout having a thick, creamy consistency. The stones
shall be of the same sizes and placed in the same manner as specified for dry riprap, Class 1.
2.5
Stone Riprap
Stone riprap for pier and abutment protection shall range in size up to derrick stone and shall
be graded from coarse to fine in such a manner as to provide a minimum of voids.
2.6
Concrete Slab Riprap
The concrete slabs for riprap shall consist of Class A concrete, cast-in-place 6 inches thick,
unless otherwise noted on the approved plans. The slabs shall be of two types: plain or
reinforced concrete. If reinforcement is required, it shall be furnished as shown on the
approved plans.
2.7
Dumped Riprap
A.
Type (1) Core Riprap: Core riprap shall conform to the general requirements of
this section and shall be reasonably well graded. It shall be composed of
compact, angular pieces of derrick stone weighing no less than 500 pounds and
no more than 4,000 pounds each, averaging 2,000 pounds, except that
approximately ten percent by weight may consist of pieces weighing from 10 to
250 pounds each. Neither the width nor thickness of any piece of riprap shall be
less than one-third of its length.
B.
Type (2), Heavy Riprap: Heavy riprap shall conform to the general
requirements of this section and shall be reasonably well graded. It shall be
composed of compact, angular pieces of derrick stone weighing no less than
three tons and no more than ten tons each, averaging four tons. Neither the
width nor thickness on any piece of riprap shall be less than one-third of its
length.
05/2005
02210-2
SECTION 02210
RIPRAP
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.1
Riprap Bedding
Riprap bedding of the thickness indicated on the plans shall be placed on the embankment to
form a backing for the riprap. Where approved by the Engineer a construction fabric or
matting may be substituted for backing, as shown on the approved plans. Spread riprap
bedding uniformly on the prepared base, in a satisfactory manner, to the lines indicated on the
approved plans or as directed. Placing of material by methods which will tend to segregate
particle sizes within the bedding base during placing of bedding shall be repaired before
proceeding with the work. Compaction of the bedding material will not be required, but it shall
be finished to present a reasonably even surface free from mounds or depressions.
3.2
3.3
Dry Riprap
a.
Place the stones upon a slope not steeper than the natural angle of repose of the
fill material. Lay with joints as close as practicable and lay the courses from
the bottom of the bank upward, the larger stones being placed in the lower
courses. Fill the open joints with spall.
b.
For Class 2 and Class 3 riprap, use stones having one broad flat surface when
possible, and lay the flat surface on a horizontal earth bed prepared for it and so
placed as to overlap the underlying course, the intent being to secure a lapped
or shingled surface which will shed a maximum amount of water. Fifty
percent of the mass shall be of stones having a volume of two cubic feet or
more. These stones shall be placed first and roughly arranged in close contact.
Then fill the spaces between the larger stones with stone of suitable size so
placed as to leave the surface evenly stepped, conforming to the contour
required, and capable of shedding water to the maximum degree practically
attainable.
Mortared Riprap
Place these stones first and roughly arranged in close contact, the largest stones being placed
near the base of the slope. Fill the spaces between larger stones with stones of suitable size,
leaving the surface reasonably smooth and tight and conforming to the contour required. In
general, lay the stone with a degree of care that will ensure for plane surfaces a maximum
variation from a true plane of not more than 1-1/2 inches in four feet. Warped and curved
surfaces shall have the same general degree of accuracy as specified for plane surfaces.
As each of the larger stones is placed, surround it by fresh mortar and shove adjacent stones
into contact. After the larger stones are in place, fill all the spaces or openings between them
with mortar, and place the smaller stones by shoving them into position, forcing excess mortar
to the surface, ensuring that each stone is carefully and firmly bedded laterally.
After the work has been completed as described, all excess mortar forced up shall be spread
uniformly to completely fill the surface voids. Point all surface joints roughly with flush joints
or with shallow, smooth-raked joints.
05/2005
02210-3
SECTION 02210
3.4
RIPRAP
Grouted Riprap
Care is to be taken during placing to keep earth or sand from filling the spaces between the
stones. After the stones are in place, completely fill the spaces between them with grout from
bottom to top and sweep the surface with a stiff broom. Do not grout riprap in freezing
weather.
In hot, dry weather, protect the work from the sun and keep moist for at least three days after
grouting by the use of saturated burlap.
3.5
Stone Riprap for Foundations
Deposit in an approved manner at locations shown on the approved plans or where designated
by the Engineer.
3.6
Except as modified herein, construction of the slabs shall conform to specification for
Concrete Formwork, Reinforcement and Materials - Section 03100.
The concrete shall be of such consistency that it can be placed without the use of top forms.
Dig a trench of the dimensions shown on the approved plans at the toe of the slope and dress
the slope to the lines and grades specified.
Place the riprap in blocks of dimensions as shown on the plans, alternate blocks being poured
and the remaining panels filled in later. Unless otherwise shown, the blocks shall be laid in
horizontal courses and successive courses shall break joints with preceding ones. The joint
details shall be as shown on the approved plans, but if not shown, the horizontal joints shall be
normal to the slope and all joints shall be close joints without filler.
3.7
Dumped Riprap
A.
The slopes above mean high water shall be finished to a reasonably smooth and
compact surface within an allowable tolerance of two inches from the surface
lines, cross-sections and elevations indicated on the plans. Tolerances for
underwater portions shall be six inches. The degree of finish for graded slopes
of the embankment shall be that obtainable from either blade grader or scraper
operations, as the Contractor may elect. Immediately prior to placing riprap
bedding in any area, the prepared base shall be inspected by the Engineer and
no material shall be placed thereon until that area has been approved.
B.
Place dumped riprap on the embankment as soon as practicable after the riprap
bedding has been finished. Place stone for dumped riprap on the bedding
material in such a manner as to produce a reasonably well graded mass of rock
with a practicable percentage of voids and construct to the lines and grades
shown on the approved plans, or as directed. Riprap shall be to its full course
thickness in one operation and in such a manner as to avoid displacing the
underlying material. Do not place dumped riprap in layers. The larger stones
05/2005
02210-4
SECTION 02210
RIPRAP
shall be reasonably well distributed. The finished riprap shall be free from
pockets of small stones and clusters of larger stones. Hand-placing to a limited
extent may be required, but only to an extent necessary to secure the results
specified and as required to form reasonably uniform slopes. A tolerance of
plus-six inches or minus-four inches from the lines and grades shown on the
plans will be allowed in the finished surface, but the extremes of such tolerance
shall not be continuous over an area greater than 200 square feet.
C.
The desired distribution of the various sizes of stones throughout the mass may
be obtained, at the option of the Contractor, either by selective loading at the
quarry or other source, by controlled dumping of successive loads during final
placing or by a combination of these methods. Do not place riprap by dumping
into chutes or other similar methods likely to cause segregation of the various
sizes. The Contractor shall maintain the riprap protection until accepted and any
material displaced by any cause shall be replaced at his expense to the lines and
grades shown on the plans.

4.1
Riprap Bedding
Riprap bedding shall be considered a subsidiary requirement for the placement of dry riprap
and dumped riprap. Payment for riprap bedding shall be included in the unit price bid for dry
riprap or dumped riprap.
4.2
Dry Riprap
Dry riprap shall be measured in square yards actually placed, by class, and payment shall
include the riprap bedding in-place, and shall be at the unit price stated in the bid proposal.
4.3
Mortared Riprap
Mortared riprap shall be measured in square yards actually placed. Payment shall be at the
unit price stated in the bid proposal.
4.4
Grouted Riprap
Grouted riprap shall be measured in square yards actually placed. Payment shall be at the unit
price stated in the bid proposal.
4.5
Stone Riprap
Stone riprap shall be measured in units of volume or weight. Payment shall be at the unit price
stated in the bid proposal.
4.6
05/2005
02210-5
SECTION 02210
RIPRAP
Concrete slab riprap shall be measured in units of square yards actually placed. Payment shall
be at the unit price stated in the bid proposal.
4.7
Dumped Riprap
Dumped riprap shall be measured in tons as evidenced by railroad bills of lading or truck
delivery tickets. Payment shall be at the unit price stated in the bid proposal.
05/2005
02210-6
SECTION 02211
GABIONS
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1
Description of Work
Provide all labor, material and equipment to perform all work pertaining to the
fabrication, construction, and installation of gabions in accordance with these
specifications and the lines, grades and dimensions shown on the approved plans.
1.2
Section 02200 - Earthwork for Structures and Pipelines
1.3
PART 2 - MATERIALS
2.1
Gabion Units
Wire mesh used to form gabion baskets shall conform to Section 228 of the VDOT
Specifications. Mesh edge wire and selvedge reinforcing wire shall be not less than 0.150 inch
(9 gauge) and lacing/tie wire for binding gabion units together, not less than 0.087 inch for
galvanized gabion units. When PVC coated gabions are specified on the plans, minimum edge
wire and selvedge wire shall be 0.132 inch and lace wire 0.087 inch.
2.2
Stone
Stone shall conform to Section 204.02 of the VDOT Specifications.
2.3
Filter Material
Filter material shall be Miraf 140, Typar 3401 or equal.
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.1
Excavation for gabions shall be performed in accordance with Section 02200. Gabions
shall be placed on a smooth foundation. Final line and grade shall be approved by the
Engineer.
05/2005
02211-1
SECTION 02211
3.2
GABIONS
The assembly, placement and filling of the gabion units shall be as specified in Section
610.02 of VDOT Specifications.

Gabion structures shall be measured in cubic yards based on the nominal dimensions of the
baskets (units) placed. Payment shall be at the unit price stated in the Bid Proposal and shall
include slope preparation, excavation, erosion and sediment control, filter material, backfill
where required and all other work necessary for a complete installation in place.
05/2005
02211-2
SECTION 02300
PILE FOUNDATIONS - TIMBER
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1
Description of Work
Provide all labor, material and equipment to furnish and construct pile foundations as called
for
on the approved plans and specified herein.
The work includes pile foundations and all other incidental construction.
1.2

Section 02110 - Demolition
Section 06100 - Structural Timber and Lumber
Section 09800 - Wood Preservatives
1.3
A.
B.
1.4
Applicable References
A.
B.
C.
1.5
American Association of State Highways and Transportation Officials

(AASHTO)
American Wood Preserver's Association (AWPA)
Erosion and Sediment Control Ordinance (Chapter 57 of the Arlington County

Code)
National Forest Products Association (NFPA)
Virginia Department of Transportation, Road and Bridge Specification (VDOT)
Product Handling
Piling shall be delivered, stored and handled carefully to prevent physical damage such as
excessive kinks, camber or twist that would prevent proper installation.
PART 2 - MATERIALS
2.1
General
Timber piles shall conform to the applicable requirements of AASHTO M168. When the piles
are to be treated, the treatment shall be as specified in Section 09800 of these specifications
title: Wood Preservatives.
Timber piles which will be below water level at all times may be of any species of wood which
will satisfactorily withstand driving.
05/2005
02300-1
SECTION 02300
In untreated piling for use in exposed work, the diameter of the heartwood shall be not less
than 80 percent of the required diameter of the pile.
All wood piling shall be cut from sound and solid trees, preferably during the winter season.
They shall contain no unsound knots. Sound knots will be permitted, provided the diameter of
the knot does not exceed four (4) inches or one-third (1/3) of the diameter of the stick at the
point where it occurs. Any defect or combination of defects, which will impair the strength of
the pile more than the maximum allowable knot, shall not be permitted. The butts shall be
sawed square and the tips shall be sawed square or tapered to a point not less than four (4)
inches in diameter as directed by the Engineer.
Shoes for timber piles shall be of steel or cast iron and of a shape which will allow a secure
connection to the pile and will withstand driving.
2.2
Timber Piles
Piles shall be cut above the ground swell and shall taper from butt to tip. A line drawn from
the center of the tip to the center of the butt shall not fall outside of the center of the pile at any
point more than one (1) percent of the length of the pile. In short bends, the distance from the
center of the pile to a line stretched from the center of the pile above the bend to the center of
the pile below the bend shall not exceed four (4) percent of the length of the bend or two and
one-half (2-1/2) inches. All knots shall be trimmed close to the body of the pile.
Round piles shall have a minimum diameter at the tip, measured under the bark, as follows:
Tip Diameter
Length of Pile
Less than 40 feet
8 inches
40 to 60 feet
7 inches
Over 60 feet
6 inches
The minimum diameter of piles at a section four (4) feet from the butt, measured under the
bark, shall be as follows:
Length of Pile
20 feet & under

20 to 30 feet
30 to 40 feet
Over 40 feet
Diameter
So. Yellow Pine, Douglas
Fir, or Species of So.
Cypress
11 inches
12 inches
12 inches
13 inches
All Other
11 inches
12 inches
13 inches
14 inches
The diameter of the piles at the butt shall not exceed twenty (20) inches. Square piles shall
have the dimensions shown on the plans.
05/2005
02300-2
SECTION 02300
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.1
Inspection
Timber piles shall be branded, prior to shipment, with the supplier's brand, year of treatment,
species of timber and preservative treatment, retentions and class and length. The brand
symbols shall conform to the American Wood Preserver's Association Standard M6.
3.2
Installation
Unless otherwise specified, all piles shall be peeled by removing all of the rough bark and at
least eighty (80) percent of the inner bark. No strip of inner bark remaining on the stick shall
be over three-fourths (3/4) inch wide or over eight (8) inches long, and there shall be at least
one (1) inch of clean wood surface between any two (2) such strips. Not less than eighty (80)
percent of the surface on any circumference shall be clean wood.
The timber pile foundations shall be installed properly in the sizes and to the alignment, batter
and bearing as shown on the approved plans.
Driving heads, mandrels or other devices shall be provided so that the piling will be driven
without injury.
The piling heads shall be square and a driving cap provided to hold the axis of the pile in line
with the axis of the hammer.
Timber bearing piles will be measured by the number of linear feet from points of tips to heads
of the piles remaining in place on the completed project. Payment shall be at the unit price
stated in the Bid Proposal and shall include splicing, pointing tips; the furnishing, fitting and
attaching of metal shoes or points painting, and for furnishing all other labor, tools, equipment
and incidentals necessary to complete the work.
05/2005
02300-3
SECTION 02350
COFFERDAMS
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1
Description of Work
Provide all labor, material, equipment and incidentals to furnish and place the cofferdams as
called for on the approved plans and specified herein.
The work includes using cofferdams to allow the construction of substructures in open
excavation.
1.2

Section 02300 - Pile Foundations - Timbers
Section 02400 - Sheeting, Shoring and Bracing
Section 03100 - Concrete Formwork, Reinforcement and Materials
1.3
The Contractor shall obtain all permits required by the State Water Control Board, and the
United States Army Corps of Engineers.
1.4
1.5
A.

Code)
B.
Virginia Department of Transportation, Road and Bridge Specifications

(VDOT)
Submittals
The Contractor shall submit, upon request, drawings showing his proposed method of
cofferdam construction and other details left to his option or not fully shown on the plans.
PART 2 - MATERIALS
Materials shall be at the Contractor's option with the approval of the Engineer.
PART 3 - EXECUTION
Cofferdams for foundation construction shall be as watertight as practicable and carried to a
depth which will allow them to function properly without displacement. In general, the interior
dimensions of cofferdams and cribs shall be such as to give sufficient clearance for the
05/2005
02350-1
SECTION 02350
COFFERDAMS
construction of forms, the inspection of their exteriors, and to permit pumping from outside of
the forms. Cofferdams which are tilted or moved laterally during the process of sinking shall
be corrected so as to provide the necessary clearance.
When conditions are encountered which render it impracticable to dewater the foundation, the
Contractor may be required to construct a concrete foundation seal of such dimensions as may
be necessary and the balance of the masonry shall be placed in the dry. When a foundation seal
is placed under water, the cofferdam, if it is to remain in place, shall be vented or ported at low
water level.
Cofferdams shall be constructed so as to protect fresh concrete against damage from a sudden
rising of the stream and to prevent damage to the foundation by erosion. Timber or bracing
shall not be left in cofferdams in such a way as to extend into the substructure masonry, unless
specifically authorized by the Engineer.
Excavation shall not be made outside of cofferdams, except as necessary to permit the
constructing of same. The natural stream bed adjacent to the structure shall not be disturbed
without permission of the Engineer. If any excavation or dredging is made before the
cofferdams are sunk or in place, the contractor shall, without extra compensation after the
foundation base is in place, backfill all such excavation to the original ground surface or
stream bed with approved material. Material deposited within the stream area from foundation
or other excavation or from the filling of cofferdams shall be removed and the stream area
freed from all obstructions caused by the Contractor's operations. The Contractor shall
exercise every reasonable precaution throughout the duration of the project to prevent erosion
of the soil and the pollution and siltation of rivers, streams and impoundments.
The Contractor shall prepare and submit a plan indicating the precautions to be followed to
prevent the aforementioned conditions. Such plan shall be approved prior to beginning work.
The plan shall include, but is not limited to, the specific location of all temporary structures or
other obstructions which will constrict the stream flow; a description of construction activities
which will contribute to the construction of the existing stream flow; the dimensions and
number of all temporary structures and constructions that are to be placed in the stream at any
one time; and a dimensional elevation view of the stream and proposed temporary structures
and constrictions.
The Contractor shall prevent stream constriction which would reduce stream flows below the
minimum, as defined by the State Water Control Board, during construction operations.
Unless otherwise provided, cofferdams or cribs with all sheeting and bracing shall be removed
after the completion of the substructure, care being taken not to disturb or otherwise injure the
finished masonry.

Cofferdams shall be measured in vertical linear feet. Payment shall be at the contract unit
price stated on the Bid Proposal and shall include all materials, labor and equipment for
clearing and grubbing, excavation, placement, removal and backfill.
05/2005
02350-2
SECTION 02400
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1
SHEETING, SHORING, & BRACING
Description of Work
Provide all labor, material, equipment, and incidentals to furnish and place the sheeting, shoring or
bracing for the protection of the work, and public or private property, and for the safety of personnel
as called for on the approved plans, as specified herein, or as required by field conditions and/or
regulations.
1.2

Section 02200 - Earthwork
Section 02300 - Pile Foundations - Timber
Section 02350 - Cofferdams
1.3
A.
B.
C.
1.4
American Association of State Highways and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)
Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)
A.
B.
PART 2 - MATERIALS
Materials shall be of metal, wood or other material acceptable to the Engineer. Sheet steel piling shall
conform to ASTM A-328. Structural timber and timber piles shall conform to AASHTO M-168.
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.1
General
A. Be fully responsible for the design and supervision of installation and removal of all sheeting,
shoring and bracing required to support the excavation. Submit the design and proposed
installation procedure to the Engineer for approval prior to any excavation. Approval by the
Engineer will not relieve the Contractor of the responsibility for the adequacy of the shoring,
and if at any time during the progress of the work it is determined by the Engineer that such
design and installation is inadequate, the Contractor shall at his expense, furnish, install or
make such changes in the plan or installation as may be necessary to perform the work in a
manner satisfactory to the Engineer and in conformance with all applicable Local, State, and
Federal regulations.
Sept 2013
02500-1
SECTION 02400
SHEETING, SHORING, & BRACING
B. The sheeting, shoring or bracing installation shall provide for the depth and width of the
excavation and the characteristics and water content of the soil. Also, weather conditions, the
proximity of other structures, the vibration from construction equipment and/or vehicular
traffic and spoil placement or other surcharge loads shall all be taken into account.
3.2
Installation
A. Furnish, put in place, and maintain such sheeting, bracing and shoring required to support the
sides of the excavation and to prevent any movement of earth which could in any way injure
persons, endanger adjacent structures and utilities, or delay the work.
B. Whenever possible, drive sheeting ahead of the excavation to avoid loss of material from
behind the sheeting. If it is necessary to excavate below the sheeting, care shall be taken to
avoid trimming behind the face along which the sheeting will be driven. Prevent voids outside
of the sheeting. If voids are formed, fill immediately with appropriate material and compact.
C. In areas not shown on the approved plans, where it is required to leave sheeting, shoring and
bracing in place to prevent injury to proximate structures, utilities and property, or the
installation, the approval of the Engineer, in writing, shall be required for payment. Cut off
sheeting and bracing at the elevations specified by the Engineer.
3.3
Removal
Remove sheeting, shoring and bracing during the backfill operations. Provide additional backfill
compaction around the area of the pipe or structure to fill voids left behind the sheeting and shoring as
it is removed. Avoid the production of loads which will increase the safe backfill load on the pipe or
structure.
4.1
Sheeting, Shoring and Bracing
A. Timber sheet piling, shoring and bracing, left in place as shown on the approved plans, or
approved by the Engineer, in writing, shall be measured in 1,000-feet-board measure (MFBM)
for the materials actually left in place. Payment shall be at the unit price stated in the Bid
Proposal and shall include all materials, labor, tools, equipment and incidental work necessary
for the installation.
B. Steel sheet piling, left in place as shown on the approved plans or approved by the Engineer,
in writing, shall be measured in square feet (SF) for the materials actually left in place.
Payment shall be at the unit price stated in the Bid Proposal and shall include all materials,
labor, tools, equipment and incidental work necessary for the installation.
C. Sheeting, shoring and bracing removed from the installation shall be considered a subsidiary
obligation of the work to which it pertains. Payment for such sheeting, shoring and bracing
shall be included in the unit and lump sum prices of the work to which it pertains.
Sept 2013
02500-2
SECTION 02500
GRAVITY SEWERS AND APPURTENANCES
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1
Description of Work
Provide all labor, materials, and equipment to furnish and install gravity sewer pipe, structures, and
appurtenances as specified herein and in related specifications.
1.2

Section 02505 Storm Sewers
Section 02510 - Sanitary Sewers
Section 02515 Televised Inspection of Sewers
Section 02950 - Tunneling
Section 02951 - Boring and Jacking
Section 03400 - Precast Concrete
Section 04200 - Masonry Units
Section 05500 Structural Steel
1.3
A. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

B. American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
C. Virginia Department of Transportation, Road and Bridge Specifications (VDOT)
1.4
Applicable Reference
1. Arlington County Plumbing Code (Chapter 18 of the Arlington County Code)
2. Arlington County Utilities Code (Chapter 26 of the Arlington County Code)
3. Erosion and Sediment Control Ordinance (Chapter 57 of the Arlington County Code)
4. Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation Erosion and Sediment Control Handbook
5. Virginia Department of Health (VDH) and State Water Control Board Sewerage Regulations
(VR 355-17-000) [Section 62.1-44.19(8) of the Virginia Code].
1.5
Submittals
Submit full descriptions and details of all pipe, valves, hydrants, and other appurtenances proposed
for the project Per Section 01300 Submittals.
1.6
Quality Assurance
1. The Contractor shall be responsible for providing evidence that all materials used in the work
meet all applicable standards and certifications. Such evidence shall comply with the
requirements of Section 01300.
2. The Contractor shall provide ample space and other accommodations to enable the Engineer to
inspect all pipe, structures, and other materials upon delivery to the site and prior to utilizing the
Sept 2013
02500-1
SECTION 02500
pipe, structures and materials in the Work. The Contractor shall ensure that materials are
stockpiled or otherwise stored such that the Engineer has access to all aspects and components.
3. The Contractor shall conduct a television inspection of all installed sewer installations in
accordance with Section 02515 (CCTV Sewer Inspections) prior to final acceptance.
1.7
Easements
1. Sewers shall be installed within the ROW whenever possible.
2. Where the following clearances cannot be maintained within the ROW, permanent easements
shall be secured to allow for maintenance and operations.
a. 10 feet each side of the centerline (20 feet total) for sewers 15 inches and smaller and
less than 10 feet in depth.
b. 10 feet from the outside edge of the pipe for sewers greater than 15 inches or deeper
than 10 feet in depth.
PART 2 - MATERIALS
Reinforced Concrete Pipe (RCP)
1. RCP shall conform to ASTM C-76, Class III or greater.
appurtenances will not be accepted.
Asbestos containing pipe or
2. RCP pipe shall be in lengths of at least 8 feet and shall be manufactured with bell and spigot
ends with rubber gasket joints conforming to ASTM C443.
Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe
1. PVC pipe and fittings 15 and less shall comply with ASTM D3034.
2. PVC pipe and fittings larger than 15 shall comply with ASTM F679, T-1.
3. PVC pipe shall be in lengths of at least 12 feet, and be manufactured with integrated bell gasket
joints. Joints shall comply with ASTM D3212 and gaskets shall comply with ASTM F477.
4. PVC pipe shall be less than 6 months old at the time of installation.
Precast Concrete Manholes
1. Precast manhole bases, risers, and cones shall conform to the requirements of ASTM C-478.
Cones shall be eccentric. Manholes shall have a minimum internal diameter of 48 inches.
2. All sections shall be of male and female end type with a preformed groove provided in the male
end for a round rubber gasket ring complying with ASTM C361 or C443. The gasket assembly
alone shall provide adequate sealing to meet internal and/or external pressure requirements.
3. Precast manhole sections shall be clearly marked with the following information as applicable:
ASTM designation, standard detail or drawing number, station location and designation, date of
manufacture and name of manufacturer.
4. Precast manholes shall be manufactured by Americast, or approved equal.
Concrete
Sept 2013
02500-2
SECTION 02500
Concrete used in manhole or structure construction shall be type A3 and conform to the requirements of
Section 03100 Concrete Formwork, Reinforcement, and Materials.
Brick
Brick used in manhole bench and collar construction shall conform to the requirements of Section
04200 - Masonry Units.
Mortar
Mortar used in manhole construction shall be one part of Portland cement conforming to ASTM C150,
Type II, and two parts of sand conforming to ASTM C144, with enough water added to produce mortar
of the proper consistency for the type of joint.
Manhole Frames and Covers
1. Manhole frames and covers shall be constructed of gray or ductile iron conforming to ASTM
A48 and A536.
2. Frames and covers shall have machined bearing surfaces to prevent rocking and rattling under
traffic.
3. Manhole covers shall be as shown on the Construction Standards and as indicated on the
Contract Drawings. Frames and covers shall be manufactured by Dewey Brothers Inc., or
equal.
Manhole Steps
1. Manhole steps shall be a composite of a No. 3 grade 60 deformed steel bar encased in a
copolymer polypropylene plastic of the press-fit design or rubber.
2. Steps shall be PSI-PF as manufactured by M.A. Industries or Wedge-Lok as manufactured by
Delta Pipe Products, or approved equal.
Manhole Neck Adjustments
1. Adjustments to manhole necks shall be limited to 2 inches of concrete.
2. Concrete adjustment rings shall be used for adjustments in excess of 2 inches, but not to
exceed 12 inches. Non-shrink grout shall be used between adjustment rings.
Quick-Setting Grout
Quick-setting non-shrink grout shall conform to the requirements of VDOT.
Speedcrete, or approved equal.
Use Octocrete,
Miscellaneous Metals
Structural steel, grating and miscellaneous metal shall conform to the requirements of Section 05500 Structural Steel and Miscellaneous Metal.
PART 3 - EXECUTION
1. General
Sept 2013
02500-3
SECTION 02500
1. No sewer facilities shall be constructed without approved plans, shop drawings, and construction
cut sheets.
2. Sewer size, material, direction, and grade shall remain constant between manholes or structures.
3. Bring any conflicts during the installation of piping to the attention of the Engineer.
4. If any active sewers must be removed from service for any period of time, the Contractor shall
submit for approval per Section 01300 a plan for diverting flow or otherwise maintaining service
and capacity of the existing pipe(s) while out of service.
2. Laying Pipe
A. PVC sewer shall not be installed with less than 3 feet of cover from the top of pipe to finished
grade.
B. PVC pipe installed with less than 14 feet of cover shall be SDR 35 (pipe stiffness of 46 psi) or
stronger. PVC installed with 14 or more feet of cover shall be SDR 26 (pipe stiffness of 115
psi) or stronger. PVC shall not be installed at depths greater than 20 without special design
analysis.
C. RCP sewer shall not be installed with less than 18 inches of cover from the top of the pipe to
finished grade. Refer to the table below for minimum Class requirements based upon height of
cover from the top of the pipe to finished grade and pipe diameter:
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
12
IV
III
III
III
III
III
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
V
V
V
V
15
III
III
III
III
III
III
III
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
18
III
III
III
III
III
III
III
III
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
24
III
III
III
III
III
III
III
III
III
III
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
30
III
III
III
III
III
III
III
III
III
III
III
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
36
III
III
III
III
III
III
III
III
III
III
III
III
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
42
III
III
III
III
III
III
III
III
III
III
III
III
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
48
III
III
III
III
III
III
III
III
III
III
III
III
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
60
III
III
III
III
III
III
III
III
III
III
III
III
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
72
III
III
III
III
III
III
III
III
III
III
III
III
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
84
III
III
III
III
III
III
III
III
III
III
III
III
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
3. Laying Pipe
A. Install PVC pipe in accordance with ASTM D2321. Install RCP pipe in accordance with ASTM
C1479.
B. Use the proper tools for the safe handling and laying of pipe. Unload pipe by hand, skidways or
hoists in such a manner so that material is not dropped or damaged. Distribute pipe at site of
installation near area where it is to be laid. Protect machined ends of pipe from damage and keep
pipe free from dirt and debris.
Sept 2013
02500-4
SECTION 02500
C. Lay pipe to a true uniform line and grade from elevations indicated on the drawings with
continuous bearing of barrel and bells on cradle or bedding material. Excavate bedding material
at bells to ensure continuous and direct bearing of all portions of the pipe and bell on bedding
materials.
D. Utilize adequate bedding material to provide a continuous and firm bearing profile for the pipe.
Pay particular attention to sufficient compaction of the bedding and haunches area below the
pipe springline.
E. Lay pipe upgrade whenever possible and with the bell end pointing in the direction of work
progress.
F. Use full manufactured lengths of pipe whenever possible. Do not use short lengths of pipe with
couplings unless approved by the Engineer.
G. Plug or grout lift holes left in the pipe prior to backfilling operations.
H. As the work progresses, clear the interior of the pipe of all dirt and superfluous materials of every
description.
I. Keep trenches and excavations free of water during construction and until final inspection. Do
not lay pipe in water or in a frozen bedding condition. Prevent flotation and re-lay pipe that has
floated.
4. Manholes, Catch Basins, and Other Structures
A. All structures shall be constructed to be watertight under the anticipated loads and site
conditions.
B. Structures shall be centered along the axis of the pipes intersecting the structure, unless otherwise
specified. Structures shall not be placed overtop of any other utilities.
C. Cast-in-place concrete for structures shall be placed monolithically, or as shown on the plans.
Concrete may be allowed to drop freely up to five feet in height; where greater drops are
required, a tremie or other device approved by the engineer shall be used.
D. Construct flow channels in the bottom of structures. Cast in place channels shall be a minimum
of 4 inches thick 3000 psi concrete. Provide a positive means of bonding the channel to the
manhole base of the structure. Flow channels shall provide a smooth transition from inlet pipe(s)
to outlet pipe(s) to minimize turbulence. Benches shall be sloped towards the channel to prevent
the accumulation of debris.
E. Steps shall be provided in any structure greater than 4 in depth. Steps shall be installed in
accordance with Standard Drawing M-2.0.
F. The crown of inlet pipes shall not be lower than the crown of outlet pipes.
G. Cut all pipes flush with the inside walls of the structures. Sanitary structures shall use a flexible
rubber gasket designed specifically for the materials and the anticipated service conditions to
ensure a watertight and flexible joint.
H. Adjust frame and cover to match finished grade using concrete adjusting ring(s).
5. Abandonment of Sewers
A. Sewers to be abandoned may be excavated and removed or abandoned in place as detailed
below.
B. Structures to be abandoned in place shall be excavated and removed to a minimum depth of 2
below finished grade. The remainder of the structure shall be filled with flowable fill, 21A
Sept 2013
02500-5
SECTION 02500
aggregate, or sand. #57 aggregate may be used if all openings of the structure are completely
covered with filter fabric to prevent migration of adjacent fines.
C. Sewers to be abandoned in place shall be capped at all open ends and completely filled with
flowable fill.
6. As Built Plans
A. Prior to Final Release & Payment, the Contractor shall submit one set of As-Built drawings per
Section 01300 and meeting industry standards for clarity, detail, and precision. As Builts shall
include a certification from the Contractor that the plans as drawn indicate actual construction.
B. The As-Builts shall include, at a minimum:
a. Invert Elevations
b. Manhole top elevations
c. Percent of grade between manholes
d. Horizontal distance between manholes
e. Any material changes
f. Location of connection to existing system measured from nearest structure
g. Location of pipe connections, including service lines, measured from nearest manhole
h. Actual location, depth or elevation, and type and size of all utility crossing.
4.1
Sewer
Sewer pipe for the various materials, classes, and sizes shown on the plans shall be measured in linear
feet along the center line of the pipe and shall be measured from inside wall of structure to inside wall
of structures. Payment shall include the furnishing of all pipe and fittings, all necessary tests,
excavation, removal and disposal of existing pipes, removal and disposal of unsuitable or surplus
material, placement of bedding and backfill as shown in Standard M-3.0, restoration, and all work
incidental to providing a complete sewer installation.
4.2
Manholes
Manholes for the various internal diameters shall be measured by the vertical foot from the invert of the
outlet pipe to the top of the manhole cover. Payment shall include excavation, backfill, bedding,
foundation, base and components, channels, sleeves, frame and cover, intermediate landings, steps,
restoration and all other work necessary for a complete installation.
4.3
Adjust Existing Manholes to New Grade
Adjusting existing manhole tops to meet new grades, for the various types of adjustments listed in the
Standard details, shall be measured as each. Payment shall include all materials, labor, and incidentals
necessary for complete adjustment.
4.4
Excavation Below Grade and Additional Bedding
Over excavation, additional bedding and associated work shall be measured and paid in accordance
with Section 02200.
Sept 2013
02500-6
SECTION 02505
STORM SEWERS AND APPURTENANCES
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1
Description of Work
Provide all plant, labor, supervision, materials and equipment to furnish and lay all storm
sewer pipe and appurtenances to the lines and depths called for on the approved plans and as
specified in Section 02500 Gravity Sewers and Appurtenances.
1.2

Section 02500 Gravity Sewers and Appurtenances
Section 02510 - Sanitary Sewers
1.3
A. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

B. American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
C. Virginia Department of Transportation, Road and Bridge Specifications (VDOT)
1.4
1. Arlington County Plumbing Code (Chapter 18 of the Arlington County Code)
2. Erosion and Sediment Control Ordinance (Chapter 57 of the Arlington County
Code)
3. Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation Erosion and Sediment Control
Handbook
PART 2 - MATERIALS
2.1
Precast Concrete Blocks
Precast concrete blocks shall conform to ASTM C-139.

PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.1
General
A. Storm sewers shall be RCP as specified in Section 02500 Gravity Sewers. Other
materials may be approved on a case by case basis.
Sept 2013
02505-1
SECTION 02505
B. Maintain a minimum 5-feet horizontal distance between storm sewer and all other
utilities.
C. The minimum vertical clearance between storm sewer and other utilities shall be 1.0
foot, unless provisions to prevent damage to the underlying utility are detailed for
approval by DPW.
3.2
Catch Basins and Structures

A. Joints for masonry structures shall be completely filled and shall be smooth and free
of surplus mortar on the inside of the structure.
B. Structures shall be parged on the inside using portland cement mortar 1/2 thick.
C. Concrete blocks shall be 12 in length. For structures less than 6 in depth, 6 thick
concrete blocks may be used. For depths from 6 to 12, 8 thick blocks shall be
used. For depths greater than 12, 12 thick blocks shall be used.
D. When possible on storm drainage inlets, manhole covers shall be positioned over the
outgoing pipe.
E. Whenever grate inlets are used, they shall be bicycle friendly and placed such that
the inlet openings run perpendicular to any anticipated traffic flow.
F. Shape inverts per drawing D-2.1.
G. Angle iron and frame and cover shall be painted with black asphaltic paint.
H. A construction joint shall be provided in the gutter at the outside edges of each catch
basin. The gutter between the outside edges of a catch basin shall be considered part
of the catch basin and this work shall be included in the payment for catch basins.
3.3
Design Requirements
Storm sewers shall be designed as described in the VDOT Drainage manual, with the
exceptions defined below:
A. The 10-year storm shall be the basis of design except for conditions in which severe
threat to property or life would result from system failure, in which case the 100year storm should be the design basis.
B. Storm sewer inlets on residential streets shall be located to prevent stormwater from
overtopping the curb during the design storm. The design shall account for a 1
freeboard between the top of curb and gutter flow depth. Gutter flow spread shall
not be permitted to overtop the crown of the roadway. On streets other than
residential, storm sewer inlets shall be placed in accordance with the requirements of
the VDOT Drainage Manual.
3.4
Valley Gutters
Sept 2013
02505-2
SECTION 02505
A. Concrete valley gutters may be utilized where placement of drainage inlets would
not be feasible due to lack of drainage infrastructure and/or conflicts with other
infrastructure.
B. Valley gutters should be used only on residential streets. For streets with greater
than 1500 vehicles per day, valley gutters shall only cross stop controlled legs of an
intersection.
C. Valley gutters shall be constructed of Class A3 concrete, 9 thick, placed on a 6
base of crushed aggregate, with welded wire fabric as shown in VDOT Road and
Bridge Standard PR-2, and per detail R-2.9.
D. Valley gutters shall be capable of carrying the design storm runoff entirely within
the concrete conveyance area.
3.5
Private Connections
A. Storm Sewer Connections are privately owned and maintained from the storm
sewer main up to and including the property served. Pipe and fitting for storm
sewer service connections shall conform to the requirements of the Arlington
County Plumbing Code and Plumbing Code adopted by the State of Virginia.
B. Connections directly to pipes shall not be allowed without specific approval by
the DES Engineering Bureau and issuance of appropriate permits. Where
specifically permitted by DES, connections to existing pipes shall be made using
saddles or fittings designed specifically for use on the pipe material which it is
proposed to be used upon. Concrete saddles shall not be permitted.
C. For connections to pipes 24 and smaller, the saddle shall be a strap-style
saddle, with straps extending around the entire circumference of the pipe.
Connections to pipes larger than 24 shall use saddles or fittings specifically
designed and manufactured for such connection, with appropriate anchors.
When anchors are set into concrete pipes, expansion anchors shall not be
permitted. Such fittings or saddles shall eliminate any encroachment of the
pump discharge pipe into the flow line of the existing pipe when flowing full.
Saddles shall provide flexural relief for the pump discharge line without
transmitting any stress onto the storm sewer pipe.
D. No mechanical discharge of groundwater, stormwater, or other collected water
onto the public right of way shall be permitted. Gravity drainage from roofs or
area drains through the curb will be permitted.
E. Connections to existing storm sewer mains shall be at manholes or inlets. The
connection shall be made by core-drilling the structure and using a manhole
adaptor appropriate for the pipe and structure materials. Connections at brick or
masonry structures shall be made by carefully chiseling or removing single
bricks or blocks such that the clearance between the connection pipe and any
portion of the manhole is minimized.
Sept 2013
02505-3
SECTION 02505
Payment shall be as described in Section 02500 Gravity Sewers, except the items listed
below.
4.1
Catch Basins and Yard Inlets
Catch basins, and yard inlets, shall be measured as each. Payment shall include
excavation, bedding, backfill, concrete base and invert, walls, top, frame and cover,
gutter or apron, steps, restoration, and all other work necessary for a complete
installation.
4.2
Catch Basins or Other Structures Converted to Manholes
Catch basins, or other structures converted to manholes shall be measured as each.

Payment shall include demolition, excavation, backfill, modification work necessary to
convert the structure, steps if required by Standards, restoration, and all other work
necessary for a complete installation.
Sept 2013
02505-4
SECTION 02510
SANITARY SEWERS AND APPURTENANCES
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1
Description of Work
Provide all plant, labor, supervision, materials and equipment to furnish and lay all
sanitary sewer pipe and appurtenances to the lines and depths called for on the approved
plans and as specified in Section 02500 Gravity Sewers and Appurtenances.
1.2

Section 02505 - StormSewers
1.3
A. American National Standards Institute ( ANSI)

B. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)
C. American Water Works Association (AWWA)
1.4
A. Arlington County Plumbing Code (Chapter 18 of the Arlington County Code)

B. Arlington County Utilities Code (Chapter 26 of the Arlington County Code)
C. Plumbing Code adopted by the State of Virginia
D. Erosion and Sediment Control Ordinance (Chapter 57 of the Arlington County
Code)
E. Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation Erosion & Sediment Control
Handbook
F. Virginia Department of Health (VDH) and State Water Control Board Sewerage
Regulations (VR 355-17-000) [Section 62.1-44.19(8) of the Virginia Code].
1.5
Submittals
Sept 2013
02510-1
SECTION 02510
Submit full descriptions and details of all materials, and appurtenances proposed for the
project Per Section 01300 Submittals
1.6
Quality Assurance
A. Sanitary Sewer Field Tests
Conduct field tests as specified in paragraph 3.6.
B. Force Main Field Tests
Hydrostatic testing of force mains shall conform to the hydrostatic testing
specifications of Section 02550, except that the entire force main may be
pressure tested at one time.
1.7
Definitions
A.
Terminal Sewer Any sewer which has no other common sewers
discharging into it.
PART 2 - MATERIALS
2.1
Polyvinyl Chloride pipe (PVC)
PVC pipe shall be as specified in Section 02500 Gravity Sewers and Appurtenances.
2.2
Concrete Pipe
Concrete pipe smaller than 12-inch shall not be used as sanitary sewer pipe. Concrete
pipe shall be as specified in Section 02500 Gravity Sewers and Appurtenances.
2.3
Ductile Iron Pipe (DIP)
Ductile iron pipe shall conform to AWWA C-151 (ANSI A21.51), minimum class 52.
Pipe lining shall be corrosion resistant to sewer gas, sewpercoat, protecto 401 or
approved equal and shall have mechanical or push-on joints utilizing rubber gasket rings
conforming to AWWA C-111 (ANSI A21.11). Fittings shall be ductile-iron, mechanical
joint conforming to AWWA C-110 (ANSI A21.10) with double cement lining. Force
mains shall be minimum class 52 ductile iron pipe.
2.4
Vitrified Clay Pipe
Vitrified clay pipe shall not be used as sanitary sewer pipe.

2.5
Asbestos-Cement Pipe
Asbestos-cement pipe shall not be used as sanitary sewer pipe.

2.6
Manhole Covers
Sept 2013
02510-2
SECTION 02510
Manhole covers shall be watertight, and as specified in Section 02500 Gravity Sewers
and Appurtenances
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.1
Design Basis
A.
Per Capita Flow

New sanitary sewer systems shall be designed on the basis of an average
daily per capita flow as follows:
Establishment
Single Family
Multi-Family
Apartment
Hotel
Manufacturing
Transportation
Trade
Office
Restaurant
Service
Intensive Service
Other
School
Church
Average Daily Usage

225 gallons per day (gpd)/unit
205 gpd/unit
160 gpd/unit
80 gpd/room
0.03 gpd/sq. ft. GFA
0.09gpd/sq. ft. GFA
1000 gpd/church
Note: GFA = Gross Floor Area

B. Peak Flow
1
2
3
4
3.2
Sanitary Sewers shall be designed to accommodate Peak Flow as

determined by multiplying a Peak Flow Factor by the calculated Average
Daily Usage.
For Terminal Sewers, or any sewers which collect only Terminal Sewers,
the Peak Flow Factor shall be 4.0
For all other sewers, the Peak Flow Factor shall be 3.0
Force Mains shall be designed to accommodate a Peak Flow Factor of ___
Sanitary Sewer Design Criteria
Sanitary sewers shall be designed and installed in accordance with Arlington County
Standard Details and Specifications, the Virginia Department of Health and State Water
Sept 2013
02510-3
SECTION 02510
Control Board Sewerage Regulations, Water Pollution Federation Standards, the Uniform
Statewide Building Code of Virginia, and the following design criteria:
A.
All data regarding size of building, type of occupancy, number of occupants and
estimated peak water demands as applicable for all buildings within the proposed
development shall be furnished to DES to substantiate sanitary sewer main sizes.
The final size of all sanitary sewer mains and appurtenances shall be determined
by DES.
B.
Sanitary sewer mains shall be a minimum 8-inches in diameter and shall be

installed in straight alignment and grade between manholes. Minimum sewer
slopes should be 0.5%. Minimum slopes for terminal sewer segments and sewers
serving less than 10 households or their equivalent should be 1.0%. Slopes less
than those mentioned above shall only be considered for approval by DES in
extreme cases with justification provided by the Engineer. Absolute minimum
allowable slopes for various sized pipes shall conform to Virginia Department of
Health Sewerage Regulation VR 355-17-106.05(c) for non-settled sewage.
Maximum sewer slopes shall be 15%. Slopes shall be determined between
centers of manholes.
C.
Sanitary sewers shall be installed at depths sufficient to serve existing and

proposed basements. Minimum cover over sewers shall be 6 feet in streets and
areas subject to vehicular traffic and shall be 4 feet in other areas.
D.
Stream and estuary crossings shall have a 3 foot minimum cover if possible and
sewer pipe shall be ductile iron encased in concrete from manhole to manhole.
The pipe and joints shall be tested in place and shall exhibit zero infiltration.
Sewers located adjacent to streams shall be located outside of the stream bed
whenever possible and should be sufficiently removed there from to provide for
possible future channel widening.
E.
Gravity sewer size shall remain constant between manholes. Where a smaller
sewer enters a larger one, the relative elevations of the inverts of the sewers shall
be arranged to maintain approximately the same energy gradient.
F.
When pipe velocities greater than 15 feet per second are expected, special
provisions shall be made to protect pipes and structures against internal erosion
due to high velocity and corrosive gases. The pipe shall conform to applicable
ASTM, AWWA, ANSI, or other appropriate standards or specifications which
provide protection against internal erosion.
G.
Sanitary sewers shall be installed within street right of way and shall follow the
street centerline wherever possible. The sewer shall extend a minimum of 10 feet
along the property frontage of the last house being served. Sewers shall not be
located longitudinally under walks. Sewers may be installed within recorded
Sept 2013
02510-4
SECTION 02510
easements as specified in Section 02500 Gravityu Sewers and Appurtenances

when locations in public right of way are not possible.
H.
The minimum clear horizontal separation between sanitary sewer mains or sewer
manholes and water mains shall be 10 feet. When local conditions prevent a
minimum separation of 10 feet, a closer separation may be allowed provided that:
1.
The top (crown) of the sanitary sewer main shall be a minimum of 18

inches below the bottom (invert) of the water main. The sewer main and
water main shall be kept in separate trenches. Where minimum vertical
separation cannot be obtained, the sanitary sewer shall be constructed of
ductile iron pipe and pressure tested in place without leakage prior to
backfilling.
I.
Sewer mains crossing under water mains shall be laid to provide a minimum
vertical separation of 18 inches between the top of the sewer and bottom of the
water main. If local conditions prevent this, the water main shall be relocated to
provide the separation directed by the Engineer, or the sewer shall be constructed
of ductile iron pipe, pressure tested in place without leakage before backfill, and
with no joint of the sewer closer than 8 feet of the water main.
J.
Sanitary sewer mains crossing over water mains shall maintain a minimum
vertical separation of 18 inches between the top of the water main and the bottom
of the sewer. The sanitary sewer shall be constructed of ductile iron pipe, pressure
tested in place without leakage before backfill. Provide adequate structural
support for the sewer to prevent joint deflection or settlement on or breakage of
the water main (refer to Standard Drawing M-7.0).
K.
The minimum clear horizontal separation between sanitary sewer and utilities
other than water main shall be 5 feet.
L.
The minimum vertical clearance between sanitary sewer and utilities other than
water main shall be 1.0 foot, unless provisions to prevent damage to the
underlying utility are detailed for approval by DES.
M.
Individual building or house sewer services 5 inches and smaller shall be

connected to the sanitary sewer main in accordance with the Arlington County
Plumbing Code. Sanitary sewer services 6 inches and larger and sewer services
serving more than one building, townhouse or similar structure shall be connected
to a manhole on the sanitary sewer main as directed by DES. Existing manholes
receiving new sewer services must be approved by DES and shall be
reconstructed or replaced as directed by DES to meet current Standards. No
sanitary sewer service taps shall be made in trunk sewers 15 inches and larger
without special approval from DES.
Sept 2013
02510-5
SECTION 02510
N.
Ventilation of gravity sewer systems shall be provided where continuous

watertight sections (including manholes with watertight covers) greater than 1,000
feet in length are incurred [conforms to Virginia Department of Health Sewerage
Regulation VR 355-17106.07(G)].
O.
Sanitary sewer lines constructed in fill areas shall be continuous ductile iron (CL50) run from manhole to manhole. Fill material beneath the pipe shall be select
material compacted to 95 percent density at optimum moisture (ASTM Proctor
Test). Refer to 3.4C for manholes in fill areas.
3.5
Sewer Service Connections
Sewer service connections to the sanitary sewer main shall be made only by a licensed
plumber and in accordance with the Plumbing Code adopted by the State of Virginia and
the Arlington County Plumbing Code. No sewer service connections shall be made
within 2 feet of any joint in the sanitary main or within 5 feet along the pipe leading from
a terminal manhole. The minimum allowable distance between sewer service connections
at the sewer main shall be 3 feet. No house service lateral shall be connected to an
existing manhole without the special approval of DES.
3.6
Sanitary Sewer Acceptance Tests
A.
General: Acceptance tests shall not be made until all sanitary sewer pipes,
manholes and required building spurs have been installed, and the pipe trenches
are backfilled to the finished grade and compacted. Prior to backfilling sanitary
sewer sections, the Contractor may perform preliminary tests at his own discretion
without the presence of the Engineer. The Contractor shall schedule the final
acceptance tests with the Engineer at least 48 hours in advance. Final acceptance
tests shall be performed in the presence of the Engineer or his duly authorized
representative. All material, equipment and labor required shall be provided by
the Contractor. Sewer pipes shall be tested from manhole to manhole or from
manhole to terminus. Sections passing the acceptance tests shall continue to be
maintained by the Contractor until a satisfactory final inspection of the entire
sewer system is completed.
B.
Low Pressure Air Tests: Sanitary sewer sections of one diameter only and above
the ground water table shall be tested using low air pressures after completion of
backfill and before hookup of house connections. Temporarily cap and securely
brace all laterals for the test. Inspect sewers and manholes prior to testing and
remove all soil and debris by thoroughly flushing the lines. Dispose of soil and
debris without using the existing sewer system. Provide and securely brace test
plugs at each manhole. After all personnel are removed from manholes, add air
slowly to the portion of the pipe being tested until internal air pressure is held at a
test pressure of 4.0 pounds per square inch (psi) for a minimum of two minutes.
Pressure gauges used in the air test procedure shall be calibrated in divisions of
0.10 psi.
Sept 2013
02510-6
SECTION 02510
If, in the Engineer's opinion, there is any indication of leakage at the test plug,
relieve the internal pressure before taking steps to eliminate the leak. After the
two-minute holding period at 4.0 psi, disconnect hose and compressor from the
pipe section being tested. If pressure decreases to 3.5 psi, observe and record the
time required for the pressure to drop 1.0 psi from 3.5 to 2.5 psi. Pipes failing to
maintain minimum acceptable holding times in accordance with the most current
version of ASTM-C828 will not be accepted.
C.
Mandrel Testing: All PVC sewer lines shall require Mandrel testing in addition to
air test acceptance to determine if they are within the allowable deflection
tolerance. The Contractor shall perform the deflection test by utilizing an
approved go/no go multi-arm mandrel which meets ASTM D-3034 dimensions
for 7.5 percent deflection limit.
D.
Manhole Testing: Manholes shall be tested using one of the methods listed
below. Manholes may be tested for leakage at the same time that gravity sewer
lines are being tested for leakage. Manhole inverts shall be completed before
testing is performed.
a. Vacuum testing shall include vacuum pump, certified vacuum gauge with
a range of 0 to 30 inch mercury (Hg.), sealing element with manhole
support brace and air pressure to monitor the inflatable sealing ring.
Evacuate the manhole to 10 inches Hg. for the specified test period using
the chart provided. If the vacuum drops less than one inch mercury within
the test time the manhole is considered acceptable.
b. When exfiltration testing is used, the allowable leakage shall not exceed
one-half gallon per hour. This equates to 0.25 or -inch per four hour test
period. The inflatable plugs or stoppers shall be positioned in the lines far
enough from the manhole to ensure testing of those portions of the lines
not air tested. The manhole shall then be filled with water to the top of the
manhole rim. A 24-hour soak shall be allowed prior to testing. After test
completion the water shall be pumped from the manholes and disposed of
properly.
c. Under no circumstances shall water be allowed to enter the existing
sanitary sewer system. If water drop in manhole exceeds the allowable
leakage during the test period the Contractor shall make repairs or
replacement at no cost to the County and retest as specified above.
E.
In addition to passing air test requirements, sanitary sewer sections below the
ground water table shall be tested using the following infiltration test procedure.
The Contractor shall provide all material, labor and equipment for the infiltration
tests.
Sept 2013
02510-7
SECTION 02510
a. Plug upper section of pipe system after flushing and cleaning section in
conformance with paragraph B above. Place a weir in the downstream
invert of pipe in a plumb and level position. Read the infiltration after an
elapsed time of 30 minutes with the line of sight level to the weir line.
Flow rates shall not exceed 100 gal./day/inch of diameter/mile. Readings
that exceed 100 gal./day but are below 1,500 gal./day shall be remeasured
using a weir with spout such as the Pomon-o-Weir or equivalent.
F.
Sewer sections containing a large amount of lateral volume or sewer sections

partially submerged, shall be air-tested using the appropriate criteria stipulated in
ASTM Designation C-828 to ensure accuracy of the test procedure.
VACUUM TEST TABLE

Specified test period for vacuum to
Drop less than one-inch mercury
Manhole Depth
In Feet
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
5-Foot Inside
Diameter
(seconds)
4-Foot Inside
Diameter
(seconds)
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
59
64
69
74
6-Foot Inside
Diameter (seconds)
26
33
39
46
52
59
65
72
78
85
91
98
33
41
49
57
65
73
81
89
97
105
113
121
AIR TEST TABLE

Based on Equations from ASTM C828
SPECIFICATION TIME (min:sec) REQUIRED FOR PRESSURE DROP
FROM 3-1/2 to 2-1/2 PSIG WHEN TESTING ONE PIPE DIAMETER ONLY
PIPE DIAMETER, INCHES
PIPE
LENGTH
,
(FEET)
Sept 2013
10
02510-8
12
15
18
21
24
SECTION 02510
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
0:04
0:09
0:13
0:18
0:22
0:26
0:31
0:35
0:10
0:20
0:30
0:40
0:50
0:59
1:09
1:19
0:18
0:35
0:53
1:10
1:28
1:46
2:03
2:21
0:28
0:55
1:23
1:50
2:18
2:45
3:13
3:40
0:40
1:19
1:59
2:38
3:18
3:58
4:37
5:17
225
250
275
300
350
400
0:40
0:44
0:48
0:53
1:02
1:10
1:29
1:39
1:49
1:59
2:19
2:38
2:38
2:56
3:14
3:31
3:47
4:08
4:35
4:43
5:40
450
500
1:19
1:28
2:50
2:50
3:47
4:42
5:40
1:02
2:04
3:06
4:08
5:09
6:11
7:05
1:29
2:58
4:27
5:56
7:26
8:30
2:01
4:03
6:04
8:05
9:55
2:38
5:17
7:55
10:34
1:20
7:05
8:30
9:55
11:20

4.2
Sewer Service Connections
Sewer service connections shall be measured in linear feet along the center line of the
main sewer, from the center line of main sewer to the end of the cap of where tied into
the existing line. Payment for house connections shall include the plumbing permit,
sewage excavation, backfill, tapping main sewer, pipe, fittings, and all cap work
incidental to a complete and operable house connection.
4.3
Sanitary Sewer Force Mains
Measurement and payment shall be as per Section 02500, and shall also include thrust
blocks, anchorage, and any other restraint required.
4.6
Drop Connections
Drop connections for the various sizes and depths shown on the bid proposal shall be
measured as each. Payment shall be at the unit price stated in the bid proposal and shall
include all materials, labor and incidentals necessary for a complete and operable
installation.
Sept 2013
02510-9
SECTION 02515
TELEVISED INSPECTION OF SEWERS
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1
Description of Work
Provide all labor, materials, equipment to inspect sewer pipes using closed circuit television technology
as specified herein.
1.2

Section 02505 Storm Sewers
Section 02510 - Sanitary Sewers & Appurtenances
1.3
A. National Association of Sewer Service Companies (NASSCO)

1.4
Submittals
Provide copies of the inspection and electronic reports complying to NASSCO Pipeline Assessment and
Certification Program (PACP) standards for all segments of sewer and manholes inspected.
1.5
Quality Assurance
A. The vendor performing the Television Inspections shall hold a valid NASSCO PACP
certification.
PART 2 - MATERIALS
2.1
Equipment
The television camera used for the inspection shall be one specifically designed and constructed for such
inspection. Lighting for the camera shall be suitable to allow a clear picture of the entire periphery of the
pipe. The camera shall be operative in 100% humidity conditions. The camera, television monitor, and other
components of the video system shall be capable of producing picture quality to the satisfaction of the Project
Officer. The Equipment shall provide a means of accurately measuring distance from manhole or other
structure to an accuracy of no less than 6 inches.
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.1
General
A. After cleaning, all sewer sections shall be visually inspected by means of closed-circuit television.
The inspection will be done one segment at a time from manhole to manhole and the flow in the
section being inspected will be suitably controlled. All CCTV inspections and documentation shall
be performed in accordance with NASSCO PACP standards including the specific date and time of
inspection.
B. The camera shall be moved through the line in either direction at a moderate rate, stopping when
necessary to permit proper documentation of the sewers condition and any connections. In no case
will the television camera be pulled at a speed greater than 30 feet per minute. Manual winches,
power winches, TV cable, and powered rewinds or other devices that do not obstruct the camera view
or interfere with proper documentation of the sewer conditions shall be used to move the camera
through the sewer line. If, during the inspection operation, the television camera will not pass through
the entire sewer segment between manholes, the Contractor shall set up his equipment so that the
inspection can be performed from the opposite manhole. If, again, the camera fails to pass through
07/2013
02515-1
SECTION 02515
TELEVISED INSPECTION OF SEWERS
the entire sewer segment, the inspection shall be considered complete and noted as Survey
Abandoned with the specific reason.
C. When manually operated winches are used to pull the television camera through the line, telephones
or other suitable means of communication shall be set up between the two manholes of the section
being inspected to insure good communications between members of the crew.
D. The Contractor shall stop the camera and visually inspect all entering pipe connections and
other features of interest.
3.2
Documentation
A. All documentation shall clearly reference the adjacent structure numbers for each segment of pipe
inspected.
B. Electronic media location records shall be kept by the Contractor and will clearly show the location,
by distance in 1/10 of a foot or nearest mm, from the manhole wall, in relation to an adjacent manhole
of each infiltration point observed during inspection. In addition, other points of significance such as
locations of building sewers, unusual conditions, roots, storm sewer connections, cracks, fractures,
broken pipe, presence of scale and corrosion, and other discernible features, as defined in the PACP
defect codes, will be recorded on electronic media and a copy of such records will be supplied to the
Owner.
C. Digital photographs of the pipe condition and all defects shall be taken by the Contractor.
Photographs shall be located by distance, in increments of 1/10 of a foot, from the adjacent
manhole or structure wall.
D. Electronic media recordings shall be in a format and media which is acceptable to the Project
Officer.
4.1
Television Inspection
Where specifically included as a payment item, payment shall include the labor, materials, equipment,
operations, maintenance of traffic, operational modifications to the existing system, and any other work
incidental to Television Inspections. If not included as a specific pay item, Television Inspection should
be considered a subsidiary obligation to installation of any new sewer.
07/2013
02515-2
SECTION 02550
WATER MAINS & APPURTENANCES
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1
Description of Work
Provide all plant, labor, supervision, materials and equipment to install all water pipe and
appurtenances to the lines and depths as called for on the approved plans and as described
herein for a complete and operable water distribution system.
1.2

1.3
Applicable Codes, Standards, and Specifications

A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
G.
1.4
A.
B.
1.5
American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).
American Water Works Association (AWWA).
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)
Arlington County Fire Protection Code (Chapter 8 of the Arlington County
Code)
Arlington County Plumbing Code (Chapter 18 of the Arlington County
Code).
Arlington County Utilities Code (Chapter 26 of the Arlington County
Code).
Plumbing Code adopted by the State of Virginia
Erosion and Sediment Control Ordinance (Chapter 57 of the Arlington

County Code).
Virginia Department of Health (VDH) Waterworks Regulations (12 VAC
5-590)
Submittals
Submit full descriptions and details of all pipe, valves, hydrants, and other appurtenances
proposed for the project Per Section 01300 Submittals.
Sept 2013
02550-1
SECTION 02550
1.6
Quality Assurance
A.
The manufacturer shall provide facilities or a certified laboratory for

conducting load bearing and other tests required by the referenced
specifications such as the ASTM.
B.
The Engineer will inspect pipe, fittings and joint material upon delivery to
the site. The Contractor shall provide ample space between rows of
stockpiled pipe to facilitate adequate inspections.
PART 2 - MATERIALS
2.1
2.2
General
A.
All materials shall be suitable for 150 pounds per square inch (psi) working
pressure unless otherwise indicated.
B.
Pipe of the same size and material shall be furnished by the same
manufacturer. Each pipe length and fitting shall be clearly marked with the
manufacturer's name, trademark and class of pipe.
C.
Materials shall be recently manufactured and unused. Only previously

approved manufacturers items may be furnished.
Iron Pipe
A.
Iron pipe shall be ductile iron conforming to AWWA C151 (ANSI A21.51),
class 53 minimum for 6-inch pipe and class 52 minimum for 8-inch and
larger pipe. Pipe shall be single cement lined conforming to AWWA C104
(ANSI A21.4) and shall have mechanical or push-on joints utilizing rubber
gasket rings, conforming to AWWA C111 (ANSI A21.11). Coatings shall
be bituminous 1.0 mil. thick.
B.
Fittings shall be mechanical joint ductile iron conforming to AWWA

C110 (ANSI A21.10), with a minimum pressure rating of 250 psi, or
ductile iron compact grade conforming to AWWA C-153 (ANSI 21.53)
with a minimum pressure rating of 350 psi. Fittings shall be cement lined
conforming to ANSI A21.4.
C.
Polyethylene encasement with a minimum thickness of 8-mils shall be

applied to all underground ductile pipe installations and shall comply with
the installation and material requirements of AWWA C-105 and ANSI
A21.5. All pipes, fittings, valves, hydrants and branch connections shall be
Sept 2013
02550-2
SECTION 02550
encased as shown on approved plans. All holes and openings of any size
shall be repaired in accordance with the manufacturers recommendations.
2.3
2.4
Tie Rods and Accessories for Anchorage and Mechanical Joint Restraints
A.
Tie rods, tie bolts and accessories shall be manufactured of Cor-Ten

corrosion resistant steel, ASTM-A242, Super Star series of Star National
Products or approved equal.
B.
Mechanical joint restraints shall be used with all water main

appurtenances as directed or as approved by the engineer. Mechanical
joint restraint shall be incorporated in the design of the follower gland and
shall include a restraining mechanism which, when actuated imparts
multiple wedging action against the pipe, increasing its resistance as the
pressure increases. Restraining devices shall be manufactured of ductile
iron. Torque limiting twist off nuts shall be used to insure proper
installation of the restraining device. The minimum working pressure shall
be at least 250 psi and shall be manufactured by EBAA iron, inc.,
MEGALUG or approved equal.
Gate Valves
A.
Gate valves, 4-inch through 12-inch, for buried installation shall be ductile
or grey cast iron, resilient wedge type, O-ring sealed, non-rising stem, fitted
with a 2-inch operating nut opening left, with mechanical joint and/or
flanged ends, as indicated on the drawings. Valves shall conform to
AWWA C-509 (grey iron) or C-515 (ductile iron) requirements. Provide
buried valves with valve boxes. Provide extension stems extended within
two feet of finished grade if required for valve depth. Valves shall be
American Flow Control Series 2500-1, Mueller A-22360, U.S. Pipe USPO
valve, Kennedy KS, or approved equal.
B.
Gate valves 14" and larger shall be iron body with fusion epoxy coating
conforming to AWWA C 550 bronze mounted, double disc, resilient
wedge, O-ring sealed, non-rising stem, fitted with a 2" operating nut
opening left, with mechanical joint and/or flanged ends as indicated on the
drawings. 14" gate valves may be installed in vaults or buried with valve
boxes and extension stems placed within two feet of finished grade if
required for valve depth. Gate valves 16" and larger shall be installed in
vaults with or without NRS bypass valve as indicated on the drawings.
Valves shall conform to AWWA C-500 requirements and shall be Mueller
Co. 2360 series or approved equal.
Sept 2013
02550-3
SECTION 02550
2.5
C.
Gate valves 3" to 8" for water meter and/or fire line vault or interior
installation shall be iron body, bronze mounted, resilient wedge , bolted
bonnet, 250 psig maximum working pressure class 125 psi, outside screw
and yoke, rising stem with hand wheel, opening left, with flanged ends.
Valves shall be Mueller Co. 2360 series or approved equal.
D.
Gate valves 2" and smaller shall be bronze body, solid disc, union bonnet,
class 150 psi minimum, non-rising stem with hand wheel, opening left,
with inside threaded ends. Valves shall be Stockham Model B-128 ,
Crane Model No. 426, or approved equal.
Butterfly Valves, Check Valves and Cone Valves
Butterfly, check, and cone valves shall be as directed by the Engineer on a special project
basis.
2.7
2.8
Fire Hydrants
A.
Fire hydrants shall be dry top, dry barrel compression type, with a valve
opening of 5-1/4inches, double 0-ring seals and safety flange, and shall
conform to AWWA C502 requirements.
B.
Hydrants shall be provided with two 2-1/2 inch hose outlets and one 4-inch
pumper outlet with threading conforming to NFPA No. Standard 1963,
Standard for Fire Hose Connections, requirements for American National
Fire Hose Connection Screw Threads (NH), 6-inch mechanical joint inlet
connection, National Standard 1-1/2 inch pentagon operating nut and outlet
cap nuts, chains on outlet caps, and harnessed lugs. Hydrants shall open left
and counterclockwise. Fire hydrants shall be painted with an exterior type
industrial coating enamel. The upper barrel including bonnet and hose
nozzle caps shall be painted "National Standard Yellow" using Duron
Duraclad 12-10611 or approved equal. Hydrants shall be Mueller Super
Centurion 250, American AVK or approved equal.
Valve Boxes
Valve boxes shall be of the two-piece, sliding type 5-1/4-inch shaft, cast iron kind. Valve
box shall read Water Valve boxes shall be as manufactured by Bingham and Taylor
Company, Capitol Foundry, or Tyler Company and conform to their standard dimensions.
2.9
Copper Pipe
Sept 2013
02550-4
SECTION 02550
Copper pipe shall be seamless water tube, AWWA type K conforming to ASTM
designation B88 requirements. Fittings shall be underground copper service flared type.
2.10
Water Meters and Services by Arlington County
Water meters, including taps, pipe fittings, meter box and accessories from the water
main through the meter, will normally be furnished and installed by the Arlington County
Department of Environmental Services (DES) after payment of the appropriate fee. The
connection from the back side of the meter installation to the building shall be installed
by the owners plumber.
2.11
Water Meters and Services by Contractor

A.
The Department of Environmental Services shall approve all water meter

locations. Water meters shall be located in the utility strip or just behind
the curb within public right-of-way or recorded easements and a minimum
of 5 feet horizontally clear from other utilities, structures, or trees.
B.
The Contractor shall assume complete responsibility for the installation,

adjustments and any damage that may occur until final acceptance of the
project.
C.
New water mains shall pass all acceptance testing procedures before the
installation of water service connections.
D.
All services shall be installed by wet tap only. Service taps shall be located
at the 10:00 and 2:00 position on the water main. Maintain a minimum of
12 inches between taps. Direct taps are allowed for inch and 1 inch
connections. Use approved saddles for 1 inch and 2 inch connections.
E.
Water service lines shall have a minimum of three feet of cover and shall
be approved by the engineer, from the main to the meter prior to
backfilling. Meter settings for 1-inch to 2 inch services shall be a
minimum of 18-inches and a maximum of 24-inches below the meter box
cover. Meter box covers shall be painted black with an exterior type of
rust resistant enamel.
F.
Meter boxes, meter box covers, corporation stops, angle valves, yoke ells,
yoke bars and all other appurtenances (except the water meter) necessary
for a complete installation shall be provided in accordance with the
approved plans, specifications and requirements of DES. Meter box
covers shall be furnished by Bingham and Taylor, Capitol Foundry, or
approved equal.
Sept 2013
02550-5
SECTION 02550
2.12
Air Release Valves
Air release valves shall be constructed of cast iron body and cover conforming to ASTM
A126.GR.B requirements. The float shall be stainless steel conforming to ASTM A240
requirements. Air release valves shall be manufactured by Apco, Crispin or approved
equal.
2.13
Tapping Sleeves and Valves
Tapping sleeves and valves shall conform to the applicable requirements specified herein
for installation on the existing type of pipe described below.
A.
Iron Pipe: The tapping sleeve shall have an iron body, mechanical joint, with
gaskets, suitable for installation on the existing iron pipe. The tapping sleeve shall
be as manufactured by Mueller Company No. H-615 or approved equal. Tapping
valves shall conform to the applicable requirements specified herein for gate
valves. All stainless steel tapping sleeves shall be type 304 stainless steel with
stainless steel flange and full circumferential seal as manufactured by JCM style
432 and Ford style FAST or approved equal.
B.
Concrete Pipe: The tapping sleeve shall be in accordance with AWWA Manual M9. The sleeves shall have a separate gland which permits installation of the sleeve
prior to the cutting of the prestress wires. The gland shall have a fusion epoxy
coated (per AWWA C-213-79) waterway, and a broad gasket set in a retaining
groove of a draw flange to eliminate flexing. The gland shall be equipped with
load bearing set screws to protect the cylinder. Sleeves shall be furnished with
grouting seals and grout horns to facilitate filling the space between the sleeve and
the pipe. Tapping sleeves shall be JCM 415 or approved equal.
2.14
Inserting Valves
Inserting valves shall be EZ Valve as manufatured by Advanced Valve Technolgies,

LLC, InsertValve or approved equal
2.15 Service Clamps
Service clamps shall have cadmium zinc plated be double steel straps and ductile iron
body with corporation stop thread of appropriate size, neoprene gasket cemented in place,
cadmium zinc plated nuts and straps and shall be the diameter required. Clamps shall be
as manufactured by Ford, Mueller, Romac Industries, Smith Blair, JCM Industries or
approved equal.
2.16
Manhole Frames and Covers
Sept 2013
02550-6
SECTION 02550
Manhole frames and covers shall conform to the requirements of Section 02500 Gravity
Sewers, or as specified on the plans.
2.17
Manhole Steps
Manhole steps shall conform to the requirements of Section 02500 Gravity Sewers
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.1
Water Main Design Criteria
Water mains shall be designed and installed to conform to Arlington County Standards and
Specifications, the Virginia Department of Health Waterworks Regulations, American
Water Works Association Standards and the following design criteria:
A.
If required by DES, detailed design calculations shall be submitted to substantiate
line sizes and to demonstrate that the minimum pressure of 20 psi, as stated in
Section 12.10 of the Virginia Department of Health Waterworks Regulations, will
be met for average daily demands, peak hourly demands, and maximum daily
demand plus fire flow. The final size of all water mains and appurtenances shall
be determined by DES.
B.
The hydraulic conditions at the points of proposed connection of the existing

Arlington County water system shall be defined. DES will provide the hydraulic
conditions at the node closest to the point of connection (i.e., fire flow test
results). The designer of the proposed water system shall model the water system
network starting from the node of the water system for which Arlington County
has supplied the starting hydraulic conditions. Requests for computer modeling or
fire flow test information shall be addressed to DES. The request for computer
modeling shall include a sketch plan indicating the location of proposed
development, size of building, type of occupancy, number of occupants, estimated
average daily demand, maximum daily demand, peak hourly demand and fire
flow demand based on the Arlington County Fire Prevention Code requirements
for all buildings within the proposed development. Required fire flow calculations
shall be provided on the cover sheet of the approved plans.
C.
Water mains shall be 8-inch diameter minimum (unless otherwise approved by

DES) and shall be looped wherever possible. Dead end mains shall not exceed 600
feet without approval from DES and shall have blow-offs or fire hydrants for
flushing. No flushing device shall be directly connected to any sewer.
D.
Water mains shall be located in street right of way and 7 feet off of face of curb
wherever possible. The water main shall extend the full frontage of the property
being served unless directed otherwise by DES. Water mains shall not be located
longitudinally under walks. Water mains, water meters, fire hydrants and blow offs
Sept 2013
02550-7
SECTION 02550
shall be publicly maintained and as such shall be installed within recorded

easements on private property when locations in public right of way are not
possible. Such easements, measuring 20 feet in width, shall be recorded prior to
final approval and issuance of building permits.
E.
Water mains shall have a minimum cover of 4 feet measured from the top of pipe
to the proposed finished grade directly above the waterline; however, 3 feet
minimum cover may be used for short distances to avoid utility conflicts and
excessive depth of water main. Mains shall be laid on continuous grades to avoid
sags or crests in the line.
F.
The minimum clear horizontal separation between water mains and sewer mains or
sewer manholes shall be 10 feet (conforms to VDH Waterworks Regulation 12
VAC 5-590-1150). When local conditions prevent a minimum horizontal
separation of 10 feet between water mains and sewer mains or sewer manholes, a
closer separation may be allowed provided that:
1.
Sewer manholes shall be of watertight construction and tested in place.
2.
The bottom (invert) of the water main shall be a minimum of 18 inches

above the top (crown) of the sewer. The water main and sewer pipes shall
be kept in separate trenches. Where minimum vertical separation cannot be
obtained, the sewer shall be constructed of ductile iron pipe and pressure
tested in place without leakage prior to backfilling.
G.
No water mains shall pass through or come in contact with any part of a sewer
manhole.
H.
Water mains crossing over sewers shall be laid to provide a minimum vertical
separation of 18 inches between the top of the sewer and the bottom of the water
main. If local conditions prevent this, the water main shall be relocated to provide
the separation directed by the Engineer, or the sewer shall be constructed of ductile
iron pipe pressure tested in place without leakage before backfilling and with no
joint of the sewer closer than 8 feet of the water main.
I.
Water mains crossing under sanitary sewers shall be protected by the following
provisions:
1.
A minimum vertical separation of 18 inches between the top of the water
main and the bottom of the sewer.
2.
Sept 2013
Sewer shall be constructed of ductile iron pipe, pressure tested in place

without leakage before backfilling.
02550-8
SECTION 02550
3.
Adequate structural support for the sewer to prevent excessive joint

deflection and the settling on and breakage of the water main. Refer to
Standard Drawing M-7.0.
4.
One length of the water pipe shall be centered at the point of crossing so
that the joints are equidistant and as far as possible from the sewer.
J.
Water mains crossing over surface waters shall be adequately supported, protected
from freeze damage, accessible for repair or replacement, and above the 100-year
flood elevation.
K.
Water mains crossing under surface waters shall be protected by the following
provisions:
1.
The pipe shall be of special construction, having flexible watertight joints.
L.
M.
N.
2.
Valves shall be provided at both ends of the water crossing so that the
section can be isolated for tests or repair; the valves shall be easily
accessible and not subject to flooding.
3.
Sample taps shall be available at each end of the crossing at a reasonable

distance from each side of the crossing and not subject to flooding.
4.
Permanent taps shall be made for testing and locating leaks.
The minimum clear horizontal separation between water main and utilities other
than sanitary sewer shall be 5 feet (see 3.1.F for separation between water main and
sanitary sewer).
The minimum vertical clearance between water main and utilities other than
sanitary sewer shall be 1.0 foot, unless provisions to prevent damage to the
underlying utility are detailed for approval by DES.
The minimum horizontal separation between water main and buildings or other
structures shall be provided as follows:
1.
Ten feet for water mains less than 16 inches and 10 feet or less in depth.
2.
O.
Fifteen feet for water mains 16 inches and larger or all mains in excess of 10
feet in depth.
Valves shall be provided on all mains at major intersections and on branch mains
at minor intersections. Four valves are required at crosses and three at tees unless
otherwise approved by DES. Line valve spacing shall be 500 feet maximum for
water mains 12 inches and smaller and as determined by DES for mains larger
Sept 2013
02550-9
SECTION 02550
than 12 inches. Valve boxes shall be set and adjusted flush with the roadway
surface. Where valves boxes are located in off street areas they shall be set flush
in a 2 x 2 x 6 concrete pad.
P.
Automatic air release valves shall be installed on water mains according to the
following provisions (conforming to VDH Waterworks Regulation 12 VAC 5-5901160):
1.
Air release valves shall be located at "strategic" high points as directed or
approved by DES.
2.
Refer to the standard drawings for air release valve settings.
3.
Air release valve and piping shall be two inches unless directed or
approved otherwise by DES.
4.
Air release valves shall not be located in areas subject to flooding or high
water table. In cases where such locations cannot be avoided, sump pumps
and special vent piping shall be required as directed by DES.
5.
Tapping saddles shall be used.
6.
Chambers containing air release valves shall not be connected directly to

any storm drain or sanitary sewer, nor shall air release valves be connected
directly to any sewer. Chambers shall be drained to the surface of the
ground where they are not subject to flooding by surface water or to
absorption pits located above the seasonal groundwater table elevation.
Sump pumps may be used where other means are not practical.
Q.
Water meters shall be located in the utility strip or just behind the curb and a
minimum of 5 feet clear of driveways and other vehicular traffic areas. A clear
space 5 feet by 5 feet shall be permanently provided for 2 inch and smaller water
meters. A clear space 20 feet by 15 feet and 10 feet deep shall be permanently
provided behind the curb for 3- and 4-inch water meter vault installations. A clear
space 25 feet by 20 feet and 10 feet deep shall be provided for 6-and 8-inch meter
vault installations. Water meters sizes greater than 8-inches shall be approved by
DES.
R.
No water service taps shall be made without special approval from DES in
transmission mains 16 inches and larger.
S.
Backflow prevention devices shall be installed at each service connection to a

consumer's water system when specified by the Arlington County Department of
Community Planning, Housing & Development (DCPHD) - Inspection Services
Sept 2013
02550-10
SECTION 02550
Division that a potential health, pollution or system hazard to the waterworks

exists. Refer to the Arlington County Cross Connection and Backflow Prevention
Control Ordinance for more information.
T.
All plans and specifications for construction of proposed water distribution

facilities must be approved by DES. No water distribution facility shall be
constructed without approved plans, shop drawings and construction cut sheets.
U.
All existing segments of water main to be cut and capped shall be strapped or
thrust blocked as directed by DES.
V.
Blow offs for water mains shall be provided at all strategic low points and all
terminal points. Fire hydrants may be used in lieu of blow offs as directed by DES.
Blow offs shall be installed in meter boxes and located behind the curb line and
clear of driveways and other vehicular traffic areas (refer to Standard Drawing W4.0).
3.2
Fire Protection Requirements
Waterworks systems shall be designed to deliver a minimum residual pressure of 20 psi

with fire flow requirements and maximum daily demands applied to the system.
Applicable fire flow shall be selected based on the requirements of Appendix B of the
Arlington County Fire Prevention Code. The required fire flow may be reduced by up to
75% for buildings protected throughout with automatic sprinkler systems complying with
the requirements of the Virginia Uniform Statewide Building Code, but in no case shall the
flow be less than:
(1)
One and Two family dwellings - minimum exposure distances of:
less than 10'
1,500 2,000 gallons per minute (gpm)
10' - 30'
1,000 1,500 gpm
greater than 30'
1,000 gpm
(2)
B.
Other than One and Two-family dwellings: 1,500 gpm
Fire Hydrants
1.
Fire hydrants shall be located behind the curb line in accessible areas.
Maximum spacing shall be 500 feet in residential areas and 300 feet in
commercial and high density areas.
2.
Sept 2013
Building siamese fire line connections shall be located within 75 feet of fire
hydrants or as approved by the Arlington County DCPHD - Inspection
Services Division.
02550-11
SECTION 02550
3.
Actual fire hydrant locations are subject to approval by the Arlington

County Fire Marshal and DES.
4.
Fire hydrants shall not be installed on lines less than 8 inches in diameter
or on lines not adequately sized to carry fire flows. Installation of fire
hydrants on 6 inch water mains may be approved in special case
determined by DES.
5.
Connect hydrants to the water main with a minimum 6-inch ductile iron
branch controlled by an independent gate valve. Hydrants shall stand
vertically plumb with the center of the 4-inch pumper nozzle a minimum of
18 inches above the top of curb on streets with curb and gutter or a
minimum of 18 inches above the elevation of the edge of the shoulder on
streets without curb and gutter. Provide vertical offsets or bends as required
to set hydrants at proper grade. The maximum bury depth shall be 6 feet.
6.
No plantings or erection of other obstructions shall be made within 5 feet of

any fire hydrant.
7.
All hydrants, fire line valves and fittings shall be strapped or thrust blocked
as approved by DES (refer to Standard Drawing W-7.0).
8.
Drainage fill shall be provided to prevent the ponding of water around

hydrants.
9.
Fire hydrants shall be installed five feet from the point of curvature of curb
returns or at the property line between properties in subdivisions or other
areas where fire hydrants are installed between intersections.
10.
Fire hydrants shall be drained to dry wells provided exclusively for this
purpose.
11.
Fire hydrants shall not be located in areas subject to high groundwater,

flooding, contaminant or pollutant spills, or in areas where surface water
ponds. If there exist no alternative location, weepholes on the hydrant shall
be plugged and the hydrant shall be marked for seasonal dewatering or the
weephole drainage shall be piped to daylight with the pipe end screened.
12.
Fire hydrants shall be placed so that the top operating nut is a minimum of
18 inches and a maximum of 2 feet back from the face of curb unless
otherwise directed by the Arlington County Fire Marshal or DES.
Sept 2013
02550-12
SECTION 02550
13.
3.3
Fire hydrants shall be installed within recorded easements on private

property when locations in public right of way are not possible.
Minimum Requirement for As-Built Plan
Prior to acceptance of water mains and appurtenances, the Contractor shall submit to
Arlington County DES, a set of mylar tracings and CD indicating the as-built conditions.
Such submittals shall be made prior to Request for Final Payment. The As-Built record
drawings shall include the following:
3.4
i)
Changes in valve and fire hydrant locations.
ii)
Horizontal line changes and/or location of water main appurtenances

changes.
iii)
Any changes in water main profiles greater than 6-inches.
iv)
Actual materials, limits of mechanical joint restraints and location of

reaction blocking used on the project.
v)
Water main to meter distances and locations of all water service meters
and water service lines.
vi)
Show actual location, depth or elevation, type and size of all utility
crossings.
vii)
Provide a minimum of two (2) swing ties to all valve boxes and permanent
blowoffs from fixed permanent objects visible above snow cover such as
fire hydrants, utility poles or building corners. Swing ties shall cross as
near to ninety degrees as practical for each valve box and blowoff located.
viii)
Statement from the Contractor that the As-Built construction record

drawings are in substantial conformance with the associated design
drawings unless otherwise noted on the as-built plans.
Construction Standards
A.
Laying Pipe
1.
Use proper and suitable tools for the safe handling and laying of
pipes and fittings. Prevent fitting linings and coatings from being
Sept 2013
02550-13
SECTION 02550

damaged; damaged pipe shall be replaced or repaired to the
satisfaction of the Engineer.
Sept 2013
2.
Unless indicated otherwise, the depth of trench shall be sufficient to

provide a minimum cover over the top of the pipe of 4.0 feet from
the existing or proposed ground surface and to avoid interference of
the pipeline with other utilities. Install pipe on continuous grades,
as indicated on plans, to avoid sags or crests in the line.
3.
The cutting of pipe for inserting valves, fittings, or closure pieces

shall be done in a neat and workmanlike manner, without damage to
the pipe, so as to leave a smooth end at right angles to the axis of the
pipe. Outside edge of cut pipe shall be beveled and smoothed to
avoid damage to the gasket. Avoid damage to the lining. Do not
flame cut cast iron pipe with oxyacetylene torch.
4.
Thoroughly clean pipes and fittings before they are laid.
5.
Carefully lower pipe fittings into trench. Butt ends of pipe against
each other in such a manner that there shall be no shoulder or
unevenness on the inside of the pipe.
6.
Ensure that pipe is well bedded on a solid foundation as shown in

the standard details. Correct any defects due to settlement.
Excavate bell holes sufficiently large to ensure making proper
joints. Exercise precautions to include the furnishing and placing of
aggregate to prevent any pipe from resting directly on rock. Rock
found in trench shall be removed to provide a clearance of at least
six inches below and on each side of all pipe, valves and fittings and
shall be replaced with select fill.
7.
Iron pipe shall be jointed in full accordance with AWWA Standard

C600, the manufacturer's recommendations and the following
requirements:
a.
Push-on joints shall be thoroughly cleaned. Brush-coat
gasket retaining groove with approved gasket lubricant and
insert the rubber gasket in the bell socket. Apply a thin film
of approved gasket lubricant to the exposed gasket surface.
Clean and center the spigot end of the pipe into the socket
complete the joint by forcing the spigot end to the bottom of
the socket.
02550-14
SECTION 02550

b.
B.
8.
At the close of work each day, close end of the pipeline with an
expansion stopper so that no dirt or other foreign substance may
enter the line. Keep this stopper in place until pipe laying is
resumed.
9.
Remove and replace all defective materials at no additional cost to

the County.
Connections to Existing Mains

1.
Notify the Engineer two (2) working days prior to scheduling work
on existing water mains (notify Engineer on Thursday before
proposed Monday work). No connections shall be scheduled for the
day before weekends and holidays. Connect new water mains to the
existing mains as shown on the drawings. Verify the location, type
of pipe and size of the existing main well in advance of any work on
the connection. The Contractor shall give DES at least five (5) days
notice of the need to shut down existing water mains so that DES
may give advanced notice to the affected customers. Shutdowns in
service, where permitted, and operation of any valves on the
existing system shall be done only by DES. To minimize shutdown
time, connections to water lines shall be made by the Contractor
only after complete preparations for such work have been done to
the satisfaction of the Engineer.
2.
C.
Sept 2013
Mechanical joints shall be thoroughly cleaned. Lubricate the

gasket and spigot. Place the gland on the spigot end,
followed by the gasket, and the pipe end seated and centered
in the socket. The gasket shall then be seated in the sockets,
gland moved into position and bolts and nuts loosely
assembled by hand. Tighten with a wrench.
Reaction backing at connections to existing mains shall be made

with high early strength concrete. In the event that line pressure
must be restored less than 48 hours after the placement of reaction
backing at these connections, provide temporary deadman and/or
similar devices as required to maintain stability of the water mains.
Installing Valves and Fittings

1.
Install valves, fittings, and caps to pipe in the manner herein before
specified for laying pipe. Provide valve boxes for each buried gate
valve. Boxes shall not transmit shock or stress to the valve. Center
and plumb boxes over the operating nut of the valve, with the box
cover flush. Valves shall be strapped to adjacent fittings unless
directed otherwise.
02550-15
SECTION 02550
2.
D.
Inserting valves and tapping sleeves and valves shall be installed in

accordance with the valve manufacturer's recommendations. Test
pits shall be dug by the Contractor to determine type and size of
existing pipe and suitability of tapping location on the pipe.
Thrust Restraint
Provide caps, tees, bends and inserting valves in water mains with reaction
backing and other joint restraints such as "MEGALUG", manufactured by
EBAA Iron, Inc., or approved equal, except where tie rods are specified or
indicated. Reaction backing shall consist of concrete thrust blocks as
shown on the Standard Details. Valves for connections to future lines, fire
hydrants and related valves, and other fittings or valves so indicated shall
be anchored by steel rods protected by two coats of acid-resisting asphalt
paint.
The use of reaction backing may be waived in the sole discretion of DES
if the designer provides calculations to indicate an adequate number of
joints are restrained in proximity to caps, tees, bends and inserting valves.
The limits of restraints shall be indicated clearly on the approved plans.
E.
Sept 2013
Water Service Connections

1.
Water meters, including taps, pipe fittings, meter box, and
accessories from the water main through the meter, will normally
be furnished by, and installed by, Arlington County after payment
of the appropriate fee. Connections from the meter installation to
the building shall be installed by the Contractor.
2.
The Department of Environmental Services shall approve all water

meter locations. Water meters shall be located in the utility strip or
just behind the curb within public right-of-way or recorded
easements and a minimum of 5 feet horizontally clear from other
utilities, structures, or trees.
3.
The Contractor shall assume complete responsibility for the

installation, adjustments and any damage that may occur until final
acceptance of the project.
4.
New water mains shall pass all acceptance testing procedures

before the installation of water service connections.
5.
All services shall be installed by wet tap only. Service taps shall be
located at the 10:00 and 2:00 position on the water main. Maintain
02550-16
SECTION 02550

a minimum of 12 inches between taps. Direct taps are allowed for
inch and 1 inch connections. Use approved saddles for 1 inch
and 2 inch connections.
F.
Sept 2013
6.
Water service lines shall have a minimum of three feet of cover

and shall be approved by the engineer, from the main to the meter
prior to backfilling. Meter settings for 1-inch to 2 inch services
shall be a minimum of 18-inches and a maximum of 24-inches
below the meter box cover. Meter box covers shall be painted
black with an exterior type of rust resistant enamel.
7.
Where specified that Contractor shall install the water service,

meter boxes, meter box covers, corporation stops, angle valves,
yoke ells, yoke bars and all other appurtenances (except the water
meter) necessary for a complete installation shall be provided in
accordance with the approved plans, specifications and
requirements of DES. Meter box covers shall be furnished by
Bingham and Taylor, Capitol Foundry, or approved equal.
Abandoning Existing Water Mains

1.
Drain and abandon existing water mains not required in the
completed system. Abandoned mains and appurtenances that
conflict with proposed construction shall be removed as required.
Abandoned mains not removed shall be capped or bulk headed at all
open ends.
2.
Valves to be abandoned shall be removed along with the valve box,

or if abandoned in place, the valve box shall be removed and the
resulting void shall be stabilized via use of flowable fill or other
approved means to avoid any future settlement.
3.
Cut and cap the existing water mains to remain in service at the
locations indicated on the drawings, and provide with thrust block.
Keep the length of pipe removed to the minimum necessary for
installing the cap and concrete blocking. A cap shall be placed over
the end of the pipe to be abandoned. The concrete thrust block shall
be placed to bear against undisturbed ground. After this work has
been completed, the capped line shall not be recharged unless so
directed by the Engineer.
4.
Existing fire hydrants not required in the completed system shall be

carefully removed, cleaned and transported to the County storage
yard. Cap and anchor hydrant lead as close as possible to its control
02550-17
SECTION 02550

valve with concrete thrust block and tie rods if main is to remain in
service.
4.
G.
Existing water services shall be discontinued by DES unless a

written request is provided to DES for the temporary use of the
service during construction. Water meter boxes and vaults shall be
removed by the Contractor. Water meters will be removed by DES
as required. No credit or allowance will be given for discontinued
water services.
Disinfection of Water Mains

1.
When each pipe length has been placed and shut off, disinfect each
section of the water main. Provide all labor, materials and
equipment to perform the disinfection operations in compliance with
all state and local regulations. Disinfection shall conform to
AWWA C601 requirements.
2.
Water for disinfection, flushing and testing will be furnished to the

Contractor from the existing water system at no charge to the
Contractor. Schedule water usage with the Engineer to result in a
minimum interference to water service throughout the existing water
system. Temporary connections to the existing water system shall
be provided and removed by the Contractor and shall include
approved means to prevent backflow and possible contamination of
the existing water system. Temporary taps for removing air and
flushing the main shall be provided by the Contractor as necessary.
3.
Disinfection of the water main shall be accomplished in the

following manner:
a.
Preliminary Flushing of Mains: All mains shall be flushed
prior to disinfection except when the tablet method of
disinfection is used. The mains shall be flushed at a
minimum velocity of 2.5 feet per second and all points in the
main shall receive a minimum of five (5) consecutive
minutes of flushing at this velocity, until the water runs
clear.
b.
Sept 2013
Form of Chlorine to be Used: Liquid chlorine, calcium

hypochlorite or sodium hypochlorite may be used for
disinfection. Liquid chlorine shall be used only when
approved by the Engineer. Calcium hypochlorite and
sodium hypochlorite shall be added to water to form a
chlorine water solution before being used.
02550-18
SECTION 02550

c.
H.
Sept 2013
Methods of Application: The chlorine shall be applied by

continuous feed method or by the tablet method only (slug
method shall not be used). The application shall be
performed as follows:
a)
Continuous Feed Method: Potable water shall be

introduced into the pipe line at a constant flow rate.
Chlorine shall be added at a constant rate to this flow
so that the chlorine concentration in the water in the
pipe is at least 50 mg/L. The chlorinated water shall
remain in the pipe at least 24 hours, after which, the
chlorine concentration in the water shall be at least
10 mg/L.
b)
Tablet Method: Tablet method shall not be used if

trench water or foreign material has entered the main
or if the water is below 5oC (41oF). Tablets are
placed in each section of pipe and also in hydrant
branches and other appurtenances. A sufficient
number of tablets shall be used to ensure that a
chlorine concentration in the water in the pipe is at
least 25 mg/L. The tablets shall be attached by an
adhesive to the top of the pipe sections and crushed
or rubbed in all appurtenances. The adhesive shall be
acceptable to the Virginia Department of Health
(VDH). When installation has been completed, the
main shall be filled with water at a velocity of less
than one foot per second. The water shall then remain
in contact with the pipe for at least 24 hours.
d.
Contact Period: The chlorinated water shall be retained in

the main for at least 24 hours during which time all valves
and hydrants, in the section treated, shall be operated in
order to disinfect the appurtenances. The tests for chlorine
residual shall be made by the Contractor in the presence of
the Engineer. The Contractor shall install corporation cocks
and copper tubing for the tests at the locations indicated by
the Engineer.
e.
Flushing and Discharge: The Contractor shall be solely

responsible for the disposal of all chlorinated water in
accordance with these Specifications and with all applicable
Local, State, and Federal regulations and permits.
Hydrostatic Testing
02550-19
SECTION 02550
1.
Pressure tests shall conform with Section 4 of AWWA Standard

C600.
2.
The water mains shall be tested for leakage by the Contractor at his
own expense in the presence of the Engineer. All tests will be
conducted in a manner to minimize any interference with the
Contractor's work or progress. A maximum of 2,000 linear feet of
water main may be tested at one time.
3.
The Contractor shall notify the Engineer when the work is ready for
hydrostatic testing and tests shall be taken soon thereafter as
practicable under the direction of the Engineer. Personnel for
reading meters, gauges or other measuring devices will be furnished
by the Engineer, but all other labor, equipment, water and materials,
excluding meters and gauges, shall be furnished by the Contractor.
4.
The water mains, including all appurtenances, shall be tested as a

whole or in sections, valved or bulkhead at the ends. Test piping
under a hydrostatic pressure of 200 psig unless shown otherwise on
the approved plans. Testing shall not be conducted against existing
valves. Apply pressure to the piping after it has been purged of air.
Maintain water pressure for a minimum of two hours. The test
pressure shall not vary by more than 5 psi during the test. Testing
procedures shall be in accordance with AWWA Standard C600 with
the exception that in no case shall the measured leakage exceed 10
gallons/ inch of diameter/mile/day.
I.
Final Flushing
All water mains shall be flushed after the acceptance of the hydrostatic test
and before bacteriologic testing. The water mains shall be flushed at the
highest flow possible through hydrants and/or blow-offs. The operation of
any valves on the existing water system shall be done only by DES. Water
discharged to the environment, storm, or sanitary sewer system shall be
done in accordance with these specifications and all applicable regulations.
J.
Bacteriologic Test
1.
After chlorination, hydrostatic testing and final flushing, and before
the water main is placed in service, samples shall be collected from
the main and tested for enteric bacterial contamination and shall
show the absence of coliform organisms. At least two (2) sets of
consecutive satisfactory bacteriological samples 24 hours apart shall
be obtained from the distribution system before the system can be
placed into service. Samples shall be collected at all accessible
locations not exceeding 2,000 feet apart in the line downstream
Sept 2013
02550-20
SECTION 02550

from where the pipe was filled with water. Samples shall be taken
through the use of sample tap consisting of a corporation cock and
copper tube or through other accessible appurtenances on the main.
Samples shall be collected by a representative of the testing
laboratory.
2.
All bacteriological sampling and testing shall be conducted by a

state certified laboratory. If the initial disinfection fails to produce
satisfactory samples, disinfection shall be repeated until satisfactory
samples have been obtained. After each group of samples is taken,
the Contractor shall submit in writing to the Engineer a copy of the
report stating the results of the tests.
K.
Repairs: Cleaning, disinfecting, flushing, testing, or similar operational

actions shall be in accordance with the most current standards issued by
AWWA (AWWA C-601).
L.
Discharge of chlorinated water

1.
The contractor shall be responsible to handle, discharge, and
dispose chlorinated water in compliance with all regulations,
including the Countys Municipal Separate Storm and Sanitary
Sewer (MS4) Permit.
2.
No potable water shall be discharged to the environment or the
storm sewer system until complete dechlorination has been
achieved.
3.
Contractor shall be responsible to identify, implement, and monitor
appropriate dechlorination methods which comply with all
applicable regulations.
4.
Contractor shall conduct testing on-site to confirm that chlorine
has been removed from any water discharged to the environment
or storm sewer.
5.
Contractor shall take care to ensure that any discharge of
dechlorinated water to the storm sewer or environment does not
create any adverse impacts to the environment or infrastructure,
such as erosion, or water volumes, temperatures, or velocities
which adversely affect existing aquatic or terrestrial life in the
receiving bodies.
6.
Superchlorinated water which has been used to disinfect the
system, or any water which exceeds the generally prevailing
chlorine concentration in the system (measured as less than 4
mg/L), shall be discharged to the sanitary sewer system after
submittal and approval of a discharge plan. The discharge plan
shall be submitted in accordance with Section 01300, and shall
document at a minimum:
Sept 2013
02550-21
SECTION 02550
7.
8.
9.
10.

a. the receiving sanitary sewer manhole,
b. the anticipated rate and duration of discharge,
c. plans to prevent any hydraulic connection between wastewater
and the water distribution system (backflow prevention or an
adequate air-gap),
d. listing of methods and equipment to be used,
e. accommodations to maintain vehicular and pedestrian traffic
during the operation.
Discharge of water to the sanitary sewer shall not exceed 200
gallons per minute.
Discharge of water to the sanitary sewer shall not occur without
the Engineer present, and shall be conducted only after careful
disinfection of all components connected to the water system.
At all times during discharge of water to the sanitary sewer system,
the Contractor shall have personnel monitoring the discharge into
the sewer to ensure there is no cross-connection and that there are
no adverse impacts upon the water or sanitary sewer system.
If an adequate sanitary sewer facility is not available, the discharge
plan may require use of a tanker truck to collect and dispose of the
water in a sanitary sewer.

4.1
Water Mains
Water mains for the various type, classes and sizes shown on the bid proposal shall be
measured in linear feet along the pipe center line, regardless of depth, and shall include the
length of fittings and valves. Payment shall include excavation, standard bedding, backfill,
pipe, thrust restraint, fittings, laying of pipe, disinfection, flushing, erosion and sediment
control, support of existing utilities, certification, testing, dewatering, restoration, trench
maintenance, abandoning and/or removing existing mains and appurtenances as required
and all other work incidental to providing a complete water main installation.
4.2
Valves
Valves shall be measured as each, by size and type. Payment shall include excavation,
bedding, backfill, disinfection, certification, extension stems, thrust restraint, valve box
and paved collar as required.
4.3
Fire Hydrants
Sept 2013
02550-22
SECTION 02550
Fire hydrants shall be measured as each. Payment shall include the hydrant and elbow,
excavation, bedding, drainage gravel, thrust protection, backfill, disinfection, and
certification.
4.4
Existing Fire Hydrants Removed
Existing fire hydrants removed shall be measured as each. Payment shall include
excavation, sheeting, shoring, backfilling, dewatering, removing, cleaning, capping
hydrant branch, concrete thrust block and tie rods, joint restraint and testing of the cap.
4.5
Blow offs
Blow offs shall be measured as each by size. Payment shall include excavation, bedding,
pipe, fittings, gate valve, adaptor, cap, meter box, frame and cover, service clamp,
corporation stop, backfill, and other incidental work to complete the installation.
4.6
Connections to Existing Water Mains
Connections of new water mains to existing water mains (except connections made with
tapping sleeves and valves) shall be measured as each. Payment shall include test pits,
excavation, backfill, sleeves, dewatering, cutting, thrust restraint, and other work required
to make the connection.
4.7
Tapping Sleeves and Valves
Tapping sleeves and valves shall be measured as each, by size. Payment shall include test
pits, excavation, bedding, tapping, sleeve, valve, valve box, thrust restraint and backfill.
4.8
Inserting Valves
Inserting valves shall be measured as each, by size. Payment shall include test pits,
excavation, bedding, thrust restraint, installation, valve, valve box and backfill.
4.9
Air Release Valves
Air release valves shall be measured as each. Payment shall include the entire setting,
excavation, tapping, bedding, nipples, piping, fittings, corporation cock, gate valves, air
release valve, manhole, manhole steps, frame and cover, and backfill.
4.10
Cutting and Capping Water Main to Remain in Service
Sept 2013
02550-23
SECTION 02550
Cutting and capping the water main to remain in service shall be measured as each, by
size. Payment shall include excavation, cutting, capping, disinfection, restraints, and
backfill.
4.11
Water Service Connections
Water Service Connections shall be measured as each, by size. Payment shall include
excavation, provision of all materials and backfill. The County shall provide the water
meter at
no cost for service relocations.
4.12
Restoration in Paved Areas
Payment for restoration in paved area shall normally be made separately unless indicated
otherwise on the approved plans or special provisions.
Sept 2013
02550-24
SECTION 02600
BITUMINOUS ROADWAY PAVEMENTS
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1
1.2
Description of Work
A.
Provide all plant, labor, material and equipment to furnish and construct
bituminous concrete pavements in reasonably close conformity with the lines,
grades, thicknesses and typical cross sections shown on the construction
standards and as called for on the approved plans and specified herein.
B.
The specifications referenced for each material shall fully apply and no
deviations from said specification limits or quality will be permitted unless
specifically stated otherwise in this Section. The failure of any component of a
product to comply with the referenced specifications shall constitute failure of
the whole product.

Section 02201 - Earthwork for Roadways
Section 02601 - Bituminous Hiking, Biking and Jogging Trails
Section 02650 - Restoration of Roadway
Section 09900 - Protected Coatings (traffic marking material)
1.3

1.4
Release
The Contractor shall obtain a release from the Engineer prior to commencing paving
operations.
1.5
A.
B.

(AASHTO)
PART 2 MATERIALS
2.1
Subbase
The subbase materials shall be in conformance with VDOT Section 208, gradation 21A,
except as specified on approved construction plans.
2.2
Base Course
05/2005
02600-1
SECTION 02600
The base course shall be bituminous concrete consisting of course and fine aggregate
combined with asphalt cement, resulting in a mixture of Type BM-2 in conformance with
Section 211 of the VDOT Specifications.
2.3
Surface Course
The surface course shall be bituminous concrete consisting of crushed stone, crushed slag, or
crushed gravel and the fine aggregate, slag or stone screenings, or combination thereof,
combined with asphalt, cement, resulting in a mixture of Type SM-2A in conformance with
Section 211 of VDOT Specifications.
The use of fine or coarse aggregate which tend to polish under traffic will not be permitted in
the top layer of surface courses except in driveways, entrances, scratch courses and other areas
permitted elsewhere in these specifications.
2.4
Tack Coats
Tack coat shall be asphalt cement of viscosity grade CMS-2 or CRS-2 in conformance with
Section 310 of VDOT Specifications.
2.5
Traffic Marking
Traffic marking will be provided by the County.
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.1
Furnish for test and analysis by an independent testing Agency, representative samples
of the materials to be used in the work. Samples and testing shall be in accordance
with VDOT Specification 211.06.
3.2
Grades shall be established by the Contractor. Thoroughly prepare and compact the
sub grade as specified in Section 02201 - Earthwork for Roadways. Do not prime the
sub grade.
3.3
Lay the subbase to the compacted thickness as shown on the Construction Standards
and defined on the Contract Drawings in conformance with Section 308 of VDOT
Specifications.
3.4
Lay the asphalt pavement to the compacted thickness as shown on the Construction
Standards and defined on the Contract Drawings in conformance with Section 315 of
VDOT Specifications.
3.5
Place the tack coat in conformance with Section 310 of VDOT Specifications.
3.6
The surface tolerance of the completed work shall be as specified in Section 315.07(a)
of VDOT Specifications.
05/2005
02600-2
SECTION 02600
3.7
Maintain pavement placed under this Contract in a safe and satisfactory condition, and
repair depressions and holes with material equal to that specified.
4.1
Bituminous pavement shall be measured to the street width shown on the approved
plans regardless of the actual dimension constructed times its actual length and shall be
based on 120 pounds per sq. yd. per inch depth. Payment shall be in tons of bituminous
concrete per category of street payment installed and shall include the necessary
preparation of the sub grade surface, tack coats and bituminous concrete materials.
4.2
Subbase shall be measured to the width and depths shown on the approved plans
regardless of the actual dimensions constructed. Payment shall be in cubic yards of
material installed.
05/2005
02600-3
BITUMINOUS HIKING,
BIKING AND JOGGING TRAILS
SECTION 02601
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1
Description of Work
A. Provide all plant, labor, material and equipment to furnish and construct the bituminous
hiking, biking and jogging trails in reasonably close conformity with the lines, grades,
thicknesses and typical cross sections shown on the construction standards and as
called for on the approved plans and specified herein.
B. The specifications referenced for each material shall fully apply and no deviations from
said specification limits or quality will be permitted unless specifically stated otherwise
in this Section. The failure of any component of a product to comply with the
referenced specifications shall constitute failure of the whole product.
1.2

Section 02600 - Bituminous Roadway Pavements
1.3
1.4
A.
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)
B.
PART 2 - MATERIALS
2.1
Aggregate Base
The aggregate base shall be 6 inches of crusher run aggregate of size 25 or 26 and in
conformance with Section 205 of the VDOT Specifications, or 6 inches of course aggregate of
size 57 or 68 in conformance with Section 203 of the VDOT Specifications.
2.2
Surface Course
The surface course shall be 4-inch in thickness and type SM-2A as specified for the surface
course in Section 02600.
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.1
Place and compact bituminous concrete walks in conformance with Section 315.04 of
the VDOT Specifications.
05/2005
02601-1
BITUMINOUS HIKING,
BIKING AND JOGGING TRAILS
SECTION 02601
PART 4 - MEASUREMENT AND PAVEMENT

4.1
Bituminous concrete pavement shall be based on 120 pounds per sq. yd. per inch of
depth and shall be measured to the width shown on the approved plans regardless of
the actual dimension constructed. Payment shall be in tons of bituminous concrete
installed.
4.2
Aggregate base shall be measured to the width shown on the approved plans regardless
of the actual dimensions constructed. Payment shall be in cubic yards of material
installed.
05/2005
02601-2
SECTION 02611
CONCRETE WALKS AND

CONCRETE DRIVEWAY ENTRANCE
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1
Description of Work
Provide all labor, plant, materials and equipment to lay all concrete walks and driveway
entrance as detailed in the Construction Standards and as called for on the approved plans.
1.2
1.3
A.
B.

(VDOT)
PART 2 - MATERIALS
2.1
Aggregate Base
The aggregate base shall be aggregate conforming to VDOT Section 205 gradation 25 or 26 or
course aggregate of size 68 in conformance with Section 203 of the VDOT Specifications.
2.2
Concrete
Concrete shall be Portland Cement air-entrained Class A3 in conformance with Section 03100.
2.3
Joint Filler
Joint filler shall be 1/2-inch preformed asphalt expansion joint material conforming to ASTM
D994 or ASTM D1751.
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.1
Concrete testing shall be conducted in conformance with Section 03100.
3.2
Grades shall be established by the Contractor. Thoroughly prepare and compact the
sub grade as specified in Section 02201.
3.3
Place the aggregate base in conformance with Section 309 of the VDOT Specifications.
05/2005
02611-1
CONCRETE WALKS AND

SECTION 02611
3.4
Joints shall be constructed at intervals of 40 feet, except for closures, but a slab shall
not be less than 6 feet in length. Separate slabs by transverse premolded expansion
joint filler for the full width of the slab, extending from the bottom of the slab to within
one-quarter (1/4) inch of its top surface. Divide the slab between expansion joints into
blocks 5-feet in length by scoring transversely. Where slabs are more than 7-feet in
width, they shall be scored longitudinally to secure uniform blocks approximately
square. Extend traverse and longitudinal scoring to at least 1/3 of the depth of the
concrete slab. Scoring of transverse and longitudinal joints may be done with trowels,
finishing and edging tools or by other means approved by the Engineer.
3.5
Where sidewalks are constructed adjacent to permanent structures or other rigid

construction on one side and curb on the other, extend an expansion joint of premolded
material only along back at curb and place for the full depth of the slab. Place a
premolded expansion joint between the sidewalk and adjacent curb at all crosswalks
both public and private. Fasten premolded expansion joint filler to prevent
displacement.
3.6
Where sidewalk is constructed in conjunction with adjacent curb, the expansion joints
in the curb and sidewalk shall coincide. Where such construction is adjacent to
existing curb, the expansion joints shall, if practicable, coincide. Prior to placing
concrete around any permanent structure, place premolded expansion joint material
around such structure for the full depth of the sidewalk.
3.7
Where existing structures, such as light standards, poles, fire hydrants, etc., are within
the limits of the sidewalk area, place premolded expansion joint around the structure
for the full depth of the concrete.
3.8
Place sidewalk stress columns 6 inches in diameter and a minimum depth of 12 inches
below the bottom of the sidewalk at locations shown in Construction Standards unless
otherwise specified by the Engineer. The holes for the columns may be dug with a post
hole digger or other approved means. The concrete must be the same type used in the
sidewalk and placed at the same time. No separate payment will be made for
excavation or concrete used in these columns, but shall be included in the price bid for
the sidewalk.
3.9
Provide concrete forms, and pour the concrete in conformance with Section 504 of the
3.10
Finish concrete walks and driveways as specified in Section 404.19 of the VDOT
Specifications.
3.11
The surface tolerance of the completed work shall be as specified in Section 316 of the

4.1
Concrete sidewalks shall be measured to the width shown on the plans, regardless of
the actual dimension constructed, unless otherwise approved by the Engineer, times its
05/2005
02611-2
CONCRETE WALKS AND

SECTION 02611
actual length. Payment shall be in square yards for each type of concrete walk, and
shall include the cost of stress columns.
4.2
4.3
4.4
Concrete driveway entrances shall be measured by the square yard of driveway

entrance placed to the limits shown on approved drawings and indicated by the
Engineer. Payment shall be in square yards for each type of driveway entrance.
Aggregate base shall be measured to the width and depth shown on the approved plans
regardless of the actual dimensions constructed, unless otherwise approved by the
Engineer. Payment shall be in cubic yards of material constructed.
Excavation shall be measured in cubic yards in its original condition based on the cut
sheets and typical section. Payment shall be in cubic yards as described in Section
02201.
05/2005
02611-3
SECTION 02612
INTERLOCKING CONCRETE AND BRICK PAVERS
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1
Description of Work
Provide all labor, plant, material and equipment to lay interlocking concrete or brick pavers to
line and grade as detailed in the Construction Standards and as called for on the approved
plans.
1.2
Relate Work Specified Elsewhere

Section 02611 - Concrete Walks and Concrete Driveway Entrances
Section 02613 - Paver Crosswalk
Section 04100 - Mortar and Grout
1.3
A.
B.
C.
D.
1.4
Quality Assurance
A.
1.5
Installation shall be performed by an installer with at least one year experience

in placing interlocking concrete and brick pavers.
Submittals
A.
B.
C.
D.
1.6
American Association of State Highways and Transportation Officials

(AASHTO)
(VDOT)
Concrete Paver Institute (CPI), a division of the National Concrete Masonry
Association (NCMA)
Submit shop or product drawings and product data.

Submit samples of paver units to indicate color and shape selection.
Submit sieve analysis for grading of bedding and joint sand.
Submit test results for compliance of paver unit requirements to ASTM C936
from an independent testing laboratory.
Environmental Conditions
A.
B.
05/2005
Do not install sand or pavers during rain or snowfall.

Do not use frozen sand.
02612-1
SECTION 02612
PART 2 - MATERIALS
2.1
2.2
Interlocking concrete pavers shall be manufactured for compliance of paving unit

requirements to ASTM C936, as indicated below. Concrete pavers shall be 6
centimeters thick for sidewalk application and 8 centimeters thick for driveways.
A.
Minimum average compressive strength of 8000 psi (55 MPa).
B.
Maximum absorption of 5% when tested in accordance with ASTM C140.
C.
Resistance of 50 freeze-thaw cycles, when tested in accordance with ASTM

C67.
Bedding and joint sand shall be clean, non-plastic, free from deleterious or foreign
matter. The sand shall be natural or manufactured from crushed rock. Grading of
samples shall be done according to ASTM C136. The particles shall be sharp and
conform to the grading requirements of ASTM C33 as shown in Table below.
Table 1
Grading requirements for Bedding and Joint sand
Sieve Size
3/8 in. (9.50mm)
No. 4 (4.75mm)
No. 8 (2.36mm)
No. 16 (1.18mm)
No. 30 (600 um)
No. 50 (300 um)
No. 100 (150 um)
Percent Passing
100
95 to 100
80 to 100
50 to 85
25 to 60
10 to 30
2 to 10
2.3
Brick pavers shall be manufactured according to ASTM C-902. Mortar for brick
pavers and setting base shall be Type M as specified in Section 04100.
2.4
Aggregate used for compacted base shall be well graded crushed limestone or crushed
stone specified as VDOT grade 21A, 25 or 26.
2.5
PVC edge restraint shall be Pave Tech edging with 12-inch x 3/8-inch diameter
galvanized steel pins @ 1' on center or approved equal.
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.1
Base requirements shall be a minimum of 6-inch of compacted aggregate for sidewalks

when interlocking concrete pavers are used or 4-inch concrete base for brick pavers
and 6-inch concrete slab for residential driveway and 9-inch for commercial driveway
conditions.
05/2005
02612-2
SECTION 02612
3.2
3.3
Aggregate base materials shall be compacted to a density of 95 percent of Modified

Proctor ensity with a tolerance of +1/4-inch to the following grades.
6 cm concrete pavers - 3 1/2-inch below finish grade of pavers
8 cm concrete pavers - 4 1/4-inch below finish grade of pavers
brick pavers - N/A
The sand leveling course for concrete pavers shall be screeded loose to a thickness of
1-inch to 1-1/2-inch. The exact thickness shall be determined at the job site. Care shall
be taken to ensure the leveling base is loose and is not disturbed.
3.4
The leveling base shall be treated with a soil stabilizer to prohibit the growth of grass.
3.5
The concrete pavers shall be installed hand tight being careful not to disturb the laying
bed. The use of string line may be required to keep straight lines. A motor-driven
masonry saw shall be used to cut edges where straight pavers can not be used. Hammer
cutting is not acceptable. No cut segment shall be smaller than one third of a paver unit
measured in any direction.
3.6
Concrete pavers shall then be vibrated into leveling base with a vibratory plate capable
of 3,500 to 5,000 pound compaction force. This must be done prior to any rain.
3.7
Joints shall be filled after vibration using dry sand. Brush and vibrate sand into joints
until they are completely filled, then remove surplus sand.
3.8
All work to within three feet of the laying face must be left fully compacted with sandfilled joints at the completion of each day. Cover the remaining uncompacted edge of
the laying face and sand with waterproof covering.
3.9
Brick pavers shall be laid into a mortar setting bed and leveled. All joints shall be
filled completely with mortar.
3.10
The color of the concrete or brick pavers shall be as indicated on approved plans.
Pavers shall be selected from four or more cubes to blend color and texture variations.
The laying pattern shall be herringbone unless specified otherwise.
3.11
Do not finish concrete base as provided for in Section 02611.
3.12
Edge restraints shall be 1/4-inch below the top of the edge pavers to minimize the
potential for tripping and to allow for minor settlement of the pavers and to assure
drainage of pavement runoff.
3.13
The final surface elevations shall not deviate more than 3/8-inch under a 10 foot long
straight edge.
3.14
The surface elevation of pavers shall be 1/8 to 1/4 inch above adjacent drainage inlets,
concrete collars or channels.
05/2005
02612-3
SECTION 02612

4.1
4.2
Interlocking concrete and brick pavers for sidewalk application shall be measured to
the width shown on the plans, regardless of the actual dimension constructed, unless
otherwise approved by the Engineer, times its actual length. Payment shall be in
square yards for each type of masonry walk installed, complete in place and shall
include the necessary preparation of the sub grade surface, aggregate base, sand
leveling base, filter fabric and edge restraints, if required.
Excavation shall be measured in cubic yards in its original condition based on the cut
sheets and typical sections. Payment shall be in cubic yards as described in Section
02201.
05/2005
02612-4
SECTION 02613
PAVER CROSSWALK
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1
Description of Work
Provide all labor, materials, equipment and services necessary to complete the crosswalk as
shown on the drawings and specified herein.
1.2

Section 02611 - Concrete Walks & Concrete Driveway Entrance
Section 02612 - Interlocking Concrete and Brick Pavers
Section 03100 - Concrete, Formwork, Reinforcement and Materials
1.3
1.4
A.
B.

(VDOT)
C.
Concrete Paver Institute (CPI), a division of the National Concrete Masonry

Association (NCMA)
Submittals
A.
Samples: Submit the following samples:
1.
Five concrete units of masonry showing full range of color and texture.
B.
Certificates of Conformance: Submit certificates from the manufacturer

attesting that the concrete pavers meet the requirements specified.
1.
Concrete Pavers
2.
Mortar Coloring
3.
1.5 Quality Assurance
A.
05/2005
Handling and Storage

1.
Handle, sort, and protect masonry units in a manner to avoid chipping,
breakage or contact with the soil. Keep ties, and joint reinforcement free
of rust. Steel reinforcing bars shall be free of loose scale and rust.
Reject rusted steel reinforcing, ties and joint reinforcement. Deliver
cement in unbroken bags, barrels, or other sealed containers, plainly
marked and labeled with the manufacturer's names and brands. Store
cementitious materials in dry, weather tight sheds or enclosures or under
watertight tarpaulins. Sort and handle cement in a manner which will
prevent the inclusion of foreign materials and damage by water or
dampness.
02613-1
SECTION 02613
B.
PAVER CROSSWALK
Environmental Conditions
1.
Hot Weather Installation: Protect masonry when the ambient air
temperature is more than 99 degrees F in the shade, and the relative
humidity is less than 50 percent from direct exposure to wind and sun
for 48 hours after installation.
2.
Cold Weather Construction: Do not lay masonry when the air
temperature is below 40 degrees F and falling, or when it appears that
air temperature will drop to 40 degrees F or below before the mortar has
set. Work will not be permitted with or on frozen materials.
3.
Do not install sand or pavers during heavy rain.
PART 2 - MATERIALS
2.1
Mortar
A.
General Requirements: Consult paver installers locally to determine the best
suited for the project. Hard, naturally occurring sands with symmetrical
particles are recommended for pavements subject to vehicular traffic.
B.
Grading: Bedding and joint sands shall be graded per ASTM-C33 shown in
Table 1.
below.
Table 1
Grading requirements for Bedding and/or Joint sand
Sieve Size
Percent Passing
3/8 in. (9.50mm)
100
No. 4 (4.75mm )
95 to 100
No. 8 (2.36mm)
80 to 100
No. 16 (1.18mm)
50 to 85
No. 30 (600 um)
25 to 60
No. 50 (300 um)
10 to 30
No. 100 (150 um)
2 to 10
C.
Bedding and joint sand shall be natural or manufactured from crushed rock, and
shall be clean, non-plastic, free from deleterious or foreign matter. Particles
shall be neither flat nor elongated.
D.
Limestone screenings and stone dust are not acceptable.
05/2005
02613-2
SECTION 02613
E.
2.2
PAVER CROSSWALK
Sieve analysis on samples shall be graded per ASTI-C236.
Concrete Pavers
Concrete pavers shall be 8 centimeters thick for crosswalk application and shall be as specified
in Section 02612. The color and laying pattern shall match the adjacent sidewalk as indicated
on the drawings.
2.3
Concrete Base Slab
The concrete base slab, slab reinforcing and expansion joints shall be as specified in Section
03100 of these specifications.
2.4
Aggregate Subbase
The aggregate subbase shall be gradation 21A conforming to VDOT Specifications, Section
208.
2.5
Geotextile
Shall be woven of polyester or polypropylene fibers, with a permeability rating 10 times

greater than that of soil on which paving is founded and an apparent opening size (AOS), small
enough to prevent passage of fines from setting bed into soil sub grade or graded aggregate
base.
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.1
Examine the areas and conditions where masonry is to be installed and notify the
Engineer of conditions detrimental to the proper and timely completion of the work.
Do not proceed with the work until unsatisfactory conditions have been corrected by
the Contractor in a manner acceptable to the Engineer.
3.2
Lay the aggregate subbase to the compacted thickness shown on the drawings and in
conformance with Section 308 of the VDOT Specifications.
3.3
The concrete base slab shall be installed in accordance with the drawings, details and
Section 03100 of these specifications.
3.4
All paving adjoining the crosswalk shall be complete before the sand setting bed is
laid. This includes all patching of existing adjoining pavement. Steel rollers used to
compact the pavement shall not run over the pavers.
3.5
All pavers shall be free of foreign materials before installation. Do not use concrete
pavers with excessive chips, cracks, voids stains or other defects that might be visible
in the finished work. allowed on the bottom of the pavers.
05/2005
02613-3
SECTION 02613
3.6
PAVER CROSSWALK
The base concrete slab shall be cleaned of all asphaltic concrete components, dust, oil,
or any other material. The finished surface of the base to receive the bedding sand
shall be uniform and even, and shall not deviate by more than +0 and -1/2 inch (13mm)
over 10' (3m) when measured in any direction.
3.7
Place sand for setting bed and screed to thickness of 1 inch to 1 1/2 inch (25 to 40 mm),
taking care that moisture content remains constant and the density if loose and constant until
all pavers are set and compacted.
3.8
3.9
Lay setting bed so that elevation of top surface of pavers shall be 1/8 inch (3mm) min to
1/4 inch (6mm) max. above adjacent drainage inlets, concrete collars, channels, or other
pavements after compaction.
Lay unit pavers in joint pattern shown on the drawings.
3.10
Set concrete pavers with a minimum joint width of 1/16 inch (1.5mm) and a maximum
of 3/16 inch (5mm), being careful no to disturb leveling base. If pavers have spacer
bars, place pavers hand tight against spacer bars. Concrete pavers with spacer bars on
sides of each unit are recommended when installation is performed with mechanical
equipment. Use string lines to deep straight lines. Select units from 4 or more cubes to
blend color and texture variations. Fill gaps at edge restraints that exceed 3/8 inch
(10mm) with pieces cut to fit from full size unit pavers.
3.11
Vibrate concrete parers into leveling course with a low amplitude plate vibrator capable
of a 3,000 to 5,000 pound (13 to 22 KN) compaction force.
3.12
Vibrate after edge pavers are installed, and there is a completed, restrained surface: or
before surface is exposed to rain. Vibrate installed concrete pavers within 3 feet (1m)
of the laying face and cover with sand BEFORE ENDING EACH DAY'S WORK.
3.13
Spread dry sand and fill joints immediately after vibrating pavers into leveling course.
Brush and vibrate sand into joints until they are completely filled, then remove surplus
sand.
3.14
Do not allow traffic on installed concrete pacers until sand has been vibrated into
joints.
3.15
Final surface elevations shall not deviate more than 3/8 inch (10 mm) under a 10 foot
(3m) long straightedge.

Paver crosswalks shall be measured to the width shown on the plans, regardless of the actual
dimension constructed times its actual length. Payment shall be in square yards for the type
paver crosswalk installed, including the necessary preparation of sub grade, restoration of
adjacent pavement, excavation, aggregate subbase, concrete base and incidentals necessary for
a complete installation.
05/2005
02613-4
SECTION 02650
RESTORATION OF ROADWAY
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1
Description of Work
Provide the necessary plant, labor, materials and equipment to restore and maintain the various
street and driveway surfaces of all types, pavement and driveway bases, curbs, curb and gutter,
and sidewalks disturbed, damaged or demolished during the performance of the work.
1.2

Section 02600 - Bituminous Roadway Pavements
Section 02601 - Bituminous Hiking, Biking and Jogging Trails
Section 02611 - Concrete Walks and Concrete Driveway Entrance
Section 02750 - Curb and Gutters
1.2
A.
B.
(VDOT)
1.4
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)

1.5
Permits
Before performing any work, secure the necessary permits to work within the County or State
right of way and easements when surface materials will be disturbed or demolished.
PART 2 - MATERIALS
2.1
The quality of materials used in the restoration of existing pavements and driveways
shall produce a street surface equal to or better than the condition before the work
began.
2.2
Concrete shall be Class A3 air-entrained Portland cement type as specified in Section
03100.
2.3
The base and surface courses shall be BM-2 and SM-2A respectively as specified in
Section 02600.
05/2005
02650-1
SECTION 02650
2.4
Crusher run aggregate shall be size 25 in conformance with Section 206 of the VDOT
Specifications.
2.5
Joint filler shall be 1/2-inch preformed asphalt expansion joint material conforming at
ASTM 1751.
Asphalt for a temporary patch shall be BM-2 as specified in Section 02600.
2.6
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.1
Where trenches have been opened in any roadway or street that is a part of the State of
Virginia highway system, restore surfaces in accordance with the requirements of
VDOT. All other restoration shall be done in accordance with the Contract Drawings,
these specifications, and the Construction Standards.
3.2
Excavation in the pavement area shall require that pavement surfaces be saw-cut to
provide a straight and smooth edge. Cut out pavement 24-inches wider than the trench
width or excavation opening as shown on Construction Standard M-6.0.
3.3
Upon completion of installation of utility and backfill, fill the top 18-inches of the
trench with crusher run and temporary asphalt patch until such time that the permanent
pavement patch will be constructed.
3.4
Complete the pavement restoration for the various types of streets in conformance with
Construction Standard M-6.0 and Section 02600.
3.5
Concrete curb and gutter, and sidewalks, shall be restored as required to match existing
construction. Replace damaged sections with complete new sections or squares;
patching of damaged sections will not be permitted.
3.6
Maintain restored sections and surfaces as part of the Contract requirements for a
period of one year following the date of final acceptance.
3.7
When a manhole top requires adjustment to an elevation one inch or more above the
existing pavement grade and is exposed to traffic before final paving is completed, a
temporary ramp shall be constructed by feathering bituminous concrete for 360 degrees
around the manhole.
A taper slope of not less than two feet per one inch shall be used. During the paving
operation but prior to the placement of the topping course the bituminous concrete
taper shall be removed from around the manhole to a minimum depth of one inch
below the top of manhole.

4.1
Pavement restoration shall be measured in square yards of the surface area restored
based on the payment width, regardless of actual dimension constructed times its actual
05/2005
02650-2
SECTION 02650
length. Payment shall be in square yards per category of street pavement restored and
shall include the necessary preparation of the sub grade surface, tack coats, bituminous
concrete materials, and the crusher run backfill required in paragraph 3.3.
4.2
Concrete curb and gutter shall be measured in linear feet of actual replacement.
Payment shall be in linear feet of curb and gutter at the price bid.
4.3
Concrete sidewalk restoration shall be measured in square yards to restore to original

width. Payment shall be in square yards for each type of concrete walk, plain concrete
or concrete with brick, and shall include the cost of stress columns.
4.4
There shall be no payment for temporary asphalt patch.
05/2005
02650-3
SECTION 02750
CURB AND GUTTERS
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1
Description of Work
Provide all plant, labor, materials and equipment to install the concrete curbs and combination
concrete curb and gutters as called for on the approved plans, as detailed on the Construction
Standards, and as specified herein.
1.2

1.3
Applicable Specification
A.
(AASHTO)
B.
C.

(VDOT)
PART 2 - MATERIALS
2.1
Concrete
Concrete shall be Portland cement class A3 in conformance with Section 03100.

2.2
Joint Filler
Joint filler shall be 1/2-inch performed asphalt expansion joint material conforming to ASTM
D994 or ASTM D1751.
2.3
Subbase
The subbase materials shall be in conformance with VDOT Section 208, gradation size 21A.
PART 3 - EXCAVATION
3.1
Construct the sub grade to the required elevation below the finished surface of the
gutter in accordance with dimensions and design as shown on Construction Standards.
Remove all soft and unsuitable material and replace with subbase material, which shall
be compacted to 95% density in accordance with AASHTO T-99 and finished to a
smooth surface. Moisten the subbase prior to placing the concrete.
3.2
Construct forms of wood or metal conforming to VDOT Section 403.03.
05/2005
02750-1
SECTION 02750
CURB AND GUTTERS
3.3
Prior to placing concrete, check the line and grade for accuracy and fasten the face
forms of the curb to the gutter forms. Spade the concrete and tamp sufficiently to bring
the mortar to the surface, after which finish with a magnesium float. Construction shall
be in sections of uniform lengths, providing transverse joints at approximately 10-feet
intervals and when the time elapsing between placements exceeds 45 minutes. No
section shall be less than 6 feet in length. Separate sections by plate steel templates set
perpendicular to the grade and center line of the unit specified. The templates shall be
1/8-inch in thickness and shall have a width and depth equal to the unit cross-section.
Leave these templates in place until the concrete has set sufficiently to hold its shape.
3.4
Form expansion joints at intervals of 100 feet or less. When the curb and gutter is
constructed adjacent to rigid pavements, the location and width of expansion joints
shall coincide with those in the pavement, where practicable. Where stationary
structures, such as catch basins and drop inlets, are within the limits of the curb and
gutter, place an expansion joint between the structure and the curb and gutter. Place
expansion joints at all returns.
3.5
Screed the face and top of curb and surface of gutter smooth and round the edges to a
radius as shown on the Construction Standards.
3.6
As soon as the concrete has attained sufficient set, remove the face forms of the curb.
The exposed surfaces shall be screeded with a straight edge and finished with a steel
trowel. Remove all trowel marks with a brush wet with clear water. Do not use mortar
in finishing.
3.7
The finished surface of curb and gutter shall be true to line and grade with an allowable
tolerance as specified in Section 316.05 of the VDOT Specifications.
3.8
After the concrete has set in conformance with Section 03100, fill the spaces on both
sides of gutter or the back side of curb to the required elevation with suitable material
and compact to 95 percent density in accordance with AASHTO T-99 in layers of not
more than 6-inches.

4.1
Measurement shall be in linear feet of actual construction. Payment will be at the unit
price bid per type of curb section bid, except where the curb or curb and gutter is
adjacent to catch basins or drop inlets, in which case the unit price for such catch
basins or drop inlets shall include that part of the curb and gutter within the limits of
the structure.
4.2
Subbase material shall be measured to the width and depth shown on the approved
plans regardless of the actual dimensions constructed. Payment shall be in cubic yards
of material installed.
05/2005
02750-2
SECTION 02800
LANDSCAPING
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1
Description of Work
Provide all plant, materials and labor required to execute this work as indicated on the
approved plans, as specified and as necessary to complete the Contract, including, but not
limited to, soil treatment; planting of trees, topsoil in planting areas; protection, maintenance,
warranty, and replacement of plants; related items of work as indicated on drawings;
inspection; and maintenance.
1.2

Section 02801 - Seeding and Sodding
1.3
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
1.4
Arlington County Cooperative Extension Office

Code)
Hortus III, 1979 Edition
American Association of Nurseryman's Standards
Maryland Forest Conservation Manual
Permits
Before any tree may be planted on public rights-of-way, or County easements, a permit from
the Department of Environmental Services shall be obtained, and reviewed and approved by
PRCR.
1.5
Plant Warranty and Replacement

A.
Warranty: Guarantee that plants will be alive and in satisfactory growth for a
period of two years, beginning the day the County has approved the planting.
B.
Replace dead or dying plants as soon as possible at no cost to the County.
C.
Plants used for replacement shall be the same species and size as specified in
Plant List; plant, mulch, maintain and warrant as specified.
D.
Properly maintain all planting and planting areas during the progress of the
work and for a maintenance period of 60 days after acceptance.
05/2005
02800-1
SECTION 02800
LANDSCAPING
PART 2 - MATERIALS
2.1
Shrubs and Trees

A.
2.2
Shrubs and trees shall be of a variety, size and quantity as shown on the
approved plans and shall be planted where shown on the planting plan. Plants
shall be symmetrical, typical for variety and species, sound, vigorous, free from
plant disease, insect pests or their eggs, and shall have healthy, normal root
systems, well filling their containers, but not to the point of being root-bound.
Plants not conforming to these requirements shall be considered defective, and
shall be removed from the site immediately, and replaced with approved stock
at the Contractor's expense.
Water
Water shall be provided by the Contractor for use of this trade.

2.3
Miscellaneous
Mulch:
Shredded hardwood.
Soil:
Natural for the area, fertile, friable and within acceptable pH limits for
the shrubs and trees.
Fertilizer:
Of the type and composition recommended by the Arlington County

Cooperative Extension Office, 855 North Edison Street, Arlington,
Virginia.
Tree Stakes:
2-inch x 2-inch x 8-inch hardwood pointed on one end.
Tree Grates:
180o square, flush, non-bolt, equal of Neenah Type R-8640.
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.1
Delivery, Storage, and Soil Testing
Contact the Arlington County Cooperative Extension Office for soil testing. Deliver plants to
the site in a healthy condition and properly store and protect for planting.
3.2
Grading
A.
Do not plant until finish grades are established and planting areas are properly
prepared and graded.
B.
Do not work the soil when the moisture content is so great that excessive
compaction will occur; nor when it is so dry a dust will form in the air or that
clods will not break readily.
05/2005
02800-2
SECTION 02800
LANDSCAPING
Apply water, if necessary, to provide ideal moisture for filling and for planting
as herein specified.
C.
D.
3.2
Preliminary grading shall be done in such a manner as to anticipate the finish

grading. Remove excess soil or redistribute before application of fertilizer and
mulch. Where soil is to be replaced by plants and mulch, make allowances so
that, when finish grading has begun, there shall be no deficiency in the
specified depth of mulched planting beds.
When preliminary grading, including weeding and fertilizing, has been
completed and the soil may be readily worked, grade all planting areas to a
smooth, even and uniform plane with no abrupt change of surface. Slope soil
areas adjacent to buildings away from the buildings, and direct surface drainage
as indicated on the drawings.
Planting of Shrubs and/or Trees

A.
Remove canned stock by cutting can vertically on two opposite sides of can
with instrument approved for the purpose.
B.
Spacing: Where plant material is shown on the drawings in a loose pattern,

space the material as shown, at all times maintaining an unequal, random
spacing and conforming to the Tree Planting Details of the Construction
Standards.
C.
Dig tree pits and plant pits in accordance with the Tree Planting Details,
Drawing Nos. R-7.1, R-7.2 and R-7.6 of these Construction Standards.
D.
Setting: Plants shall bear some relation to soil level when planted as they did
when in container. Place each plant in center of plant pit.
E.
Cut burlap, twine and wire baskets from top 12 inches of rootball and remove
from site.
1.
Backfill with 1/2 clean existing soil, 1/4 sand, 1/4 peat moss.
F.
Firmly tamp backfill material into plant pits around and under the root ball to
force out all air pockets. Backfill in conformance with the Tree Planting Details
of the Construction Standards.
G.
Basin each plant with a berm 3 inches in height above crown of root ball
immediately after planting and thoroughly water to saturate the root ball and
backfill.
H.
Stake all trees with hardwood stakes driven 2' into firm ground and secure tree
to stake as per detail R-7.2 (Planting and Guying For Trees Over 2 1/2-inch
Caliper).
05/2005
02800-3
SECTION 02800
LANDSCAPING

4.1
Shrubs and trees shall be measured as each, by variety and size. Payment shall include
the labor, materials and equipment necessary for a proper and complete installation, but
shall not include tree grates.
4.2
Tree grates shall be measured as each, by size. Payment shall include the labor,
materials and equipment necessary for a complete installation.
05/2005
02800-4
SECTION 02801
SEEDING AND SODDING
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1
Description of Work
Provide all labor, materials, tools and equipment as required to have topsoil, fertilizer, lime, mulch,
seed and/or sod applied on all areas disturbed by construction and all areas called for on the approved
plans.
1.2

1.3
Applicable Specifications Virginia Field Seed Law
1.2
Virginia Tech Specification
1.5
Submittals
In accordance with Section 01300 submit proposed names of fertilizers, sod and seed mixtures
together with their composition and any certificates requested to the Engineer for approval.
1.6
Quality Assurance
The results of testing two samples from each source of topsoil to ensure that proper types and
quantities of soil conditioners, and fertilizers, will be used resulting in a dense, vigorous growth of
perennial lawn-quality grass. The results of this test will determine rates and types of fertilizers and
lime. For seeding, the Virginia Tech rates for seeding shall be used as specified by VA/MD seed/ sod
program, if available.
1.7
Testing
Test seed within 6 months of seeding to meet the requirements of the Virginia Field Seed Law for
percentage of germination as follows:
Kentucky 31:
German Foxtail Millet:
Abruzzi Tye:
Red Top:
05/2005
81%
78%
78%
77%
02801-1
SECTION 02801
SEEDING AND SODDING
PART 2 - MATERIALS
2.1
Topsoil
A.
2.2
Fertilizer
A.
2.3
Topsoil shall be a natural, fertile, friable soil, typical of productive soil in the vicinity,
obtained from naturally well drained areas, neither excessively acid nor alkaline, and
containing no substances harmful to grass growth.
As per Virginia Tech Specifications, soil test will be taken and fertilizer will be applied
for seeding areas disturbed by clearing operations.
Seed
A.
For seeding areas disturbed by clearing operations only; where vegetation remains (per
acre):
March to July:
Tall fescue, per current year Virginia Tech Recommended List: 50
pounds
German Foxtail Millet: 30 pounds
August to February:
Tall fescue, per current year Virginia Tech Recommended List: 70
pounds
Abruzzi Rye: 20 pounds
B.
For all other areas (per acre):

Tall fescue, per current year VirginiaTech Recommended List
Red Top : 3 Pounds
Under all conditions, seed shall be of the latest seed crop available.
2.4
Lime
Per acre: 2 tons/ground limestone of such fitness that 50% will pass through a U.S. Standard No. 100
mesh screen and 100% will pass through a U.S. Standard No. 10 mesh screen.
2.5
Mulch
Per acre: 2 tons of small grain mulch of high quality showing no rotting or caking and reasonably
free of weeds.
2.6
Sod
05/2005
02801-2
SECTION 02801
SEEDING AND SODDING
Sod shall be vigorous, well-rooted, healthy turf, free from disease, insect pests, weeds, other grass,
stones and of similar mix as used in seeding lawns. It shall be suitable character for the purpose
intended and for the soil in which it is to be planted. Sod shall be certified at least eight (8) inches
wide, not less than twelve (12) inches long, and shall have at least one and one half (1-1/2) inches in
thickness, of dirt on its roots. Do not use broken or damaged sod.
2.7
Jute or Fabric
A.
Jute matting shall be of a uniform open plain weave of undyed and unbleached single
juteyarn of a width of 4 feet. All material shall be new. Staples shall be made from
No. 8gauge or heavier steel wire and bent to form a U with a staple 1 to 1- 1/2
inches wide with 6 inch feet.
B.
Fabric shall be a combination of paper and yarn manufactured into plastic netting
interwoven with paper strips as manufactured by Hold/Gro, Gulf States Paper
Corporation. Staples shall be 6 inches high carbon iron.
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.1
3.2
Topsoil
A.
After approval of rough grading rototill all areas indicated on the drawings and on
other areas damaged by construction, as specified by PRCR, to a depth of 4-inch,
removing stumps, all foreign objects and stones larger than one inch diameter; place
topsoil approved by PRCR on all areas and incorporate by rototilling into subsoil.
Topsoil origin to be specified and approved by PRCR; Certified soil tests specifying
pit, % organic matter, textural analysis and N-P-K levels to be made by contractor and
approved by PRCR before delivery.
B.
Remove stripped topsoil not used at the job site and dispose in a location approved by
the Engineer.
Fertilizing and Rolling
If required by results of soil tests, Spread soil conditioners and fertilizers and thoroughly incorporate
by rototilling work into topsoil to a depth of 4 inches. Rake topsoil until the surface is finely
pulverixed and smooth. Compact with rollers weighing not over 100 pounds per linear foot of tread,
to an even surface conforming to the prescribed lines and grades. Minimum depth shall be 3 inches
after compaction.
3.3
Seeding
A.
05/2005
Seed only when weather conditions are suitable between April 1 and May 30, or
August 15 to October 1, unless approved by the Engineer. Use only certified seed
blending Kentucky bluegrass cultivars with perennial ryegrass varieties approved by
PRCR.
02801-3
SECTION 02801
3.4
SEEDING AND SODDING
B.
If there is a delay in seeding, during which weeds grow or soil is washed out, remove
the weeds or replace the soil before sowing the seed, without additional compensation.
Immediately before seeding is begun, lightly rake the soil.
C.
If required by soil test results, uniformly apply lime, urea form and triple super
phosphate or organic fertilizer approved by (DPRCR), with broadcast spreaders prior
to seedbed preparation.
D.
Sow seed with mechanical spreaders at the specified rate on a calm day. Sow one-half
the seed in one direction and the other half at right angles. Seed shall be raked lightly
into the soil to a depth of 1/4-inch and rolled with a roller weighing not more than 100
pounds per linear foot of tread.
E.
If seeding by hydroseeder, add 500 pounds of wood cellulose fiber per acre and mix
with the seed and the 10-10-10 fertilizer at the specified rate. Apply all seed mix
within 45 minutes after mixing in hydroseeder to prevent fertilizer damage to seed and
inoculants.
F.
Keep the surface moist by a fine spray until the grass shows uniform germination over
the entire area. Wherever poor germination occurs in areas larger than three (3) square
feet, reseed, roll, and water as necessary to obtain proper germination.
Mulching
Apply mulch immediately after seeding. Loosen baled straw and thoroughly break up before placing.
Begin placement of mulch on the windward side and from the toe to slopes. Do not grind, cut or crush
mulch into pieces so small as to form a mat. Cutting mulch to aid in distribution may be
accomplished, provided that 10 to 25 percent of the seeded area will be exposed.
On slopes 2 to 1 and greater provide jute matting or Hold/Gro stapled 18 inches to 3 feet apart using
closer spacing around curves and areas of concentrated storm water runoff.
Install jute strips beginning 12 inches behind the top of slope. Bury the top ends in a slit trench with
prior approval by PRCR, urban forester. Trench should be 6 inches deep, and staple to trench bottom.
Reinforce slit trench with a new row of staples one foot below trench and space at intervals of 6 to 10
inches. Staple all overlaps and the center of the material at intervals of 18-inch to 3 feet down the
slope. After the jute matting is in place, overseed.
Install Hold/Gro with the fabric running vertically from the top of the slope in the direction of
anticipated water flow. Do not stretch the material. Staple Hold/Gro in the same manner as specified
for the jute.
3.5
Sodding
A.
05/2005
The Contractor may plant ground cover, not requiring mowing, on grades exceeding a
2 to 1 slope. The contractor may sod all grades not exceeding a 3:1 slope in lieu of jute
or Hold/Gro. or equivalent.
02801-4
SECTION 02801
3.6
SEEDING AND SODDING
B.
On sloping areas where erosion may be a problem, sod shall be laid parallel to the
contours of the slope with staggered joints and secured by tamping, pegging or other
approved method.
C.
Plant only certified sod only when the soil is moist and favorable for growth. Shape
the area to be sodded and finish to the lines and grades indicated on the drawings.
Loosen the surface prior to placing sod. Keep the grade moist by sprinkling, if
necessary, sod on the prepared surface with the edges in close contact. Each piece of
sod laid shall be fitted and tamped into place with hand tampers not less than one
hundred (100) square inches in area. Apply a sufficient quantity of water to all sod
after laying and to prevent the sod from drying out for a period of at least two weeks to
ensure growth.
Inspection
At the beginning of the next planting season after that in which the permanent grass crop is sown,
inspect the seeded areas. Promptly reseed any section not showing dense, vigorous growth. Water,
weed, cut and otherwise maintain the lawn until the end of that planting season.

Seeding and sodding shall be measured in square yards. Payment shall include all labor, materials,
and equipment including topsoil, fertilizers, seed or sod, mulch, jute or other synthetic matting and
staples necessary to protect against erosion and required for a satisfactory growth of grass or sod.
05/2005
02801-5
SECTION 02950
TUNNELING
PART 1 - General
1.1
Description of the Work
Provide all plant, labor, materials and equipment to install water mains or sewer pipes by
tunneling under railroad or highway crossings as called for on the approved plans and as
specified herein.
1.2

Section 02510 - Sanitary Sewers & Appurtenances
Section 02550 - Water Mains & Appurtenances
Section 03100 - Concrete Formwork, Reinforcement & Materials
1.3
1.4
A.

(AASHTO)
B.
American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM)
C.
United State Bureau of Mines
1.5
The County will obtain all permits required except those permits required for blasting as
specified in Section 02110. The Contractor shall conform to the regulations set forth by the
authorities having jurisdiction over the work performed in the areas of tunnel crossings.
1.6
Submittals
Submit detailed shop drawings which shall include the location of the tunnel pits, soils data,
method of excavation and support, method of dewatering, tunnel linings showing thickness,
size, shape and method of attachment, and grouting details. Include details on the method of
installing the carrier pipe.
05/2005
02950-1
SECTION 02950
TUNNELING
PART 2 - MATERIALS
2.1
Tunnel Liner Plates
The tunnel liner plates shall be fabricated from structural quality, hot-rolled, carbon steel
sheets or plates conforming to ASTM A-570, Grade B for sheets, or ASTM A-283, Grade B
for plates. Liner plates shall be galvanized to meet the requirements of AASHTO M-167 and
shall provide a minimum diameter of 4'-0-inch. Where specified, the tunnel liner plates shall
be bituminous coated to meet the requirements of AASHTO M-190.
All tunnel liner plates shall be flanged and punched for bolting on both longitudinal and
circumferential joints and shall be fabricated so as to permit erection from the inside.
2.2
Bolts and Nuts
Bolts and nuts shall be quick acting, coarse thread not less than 1/2-inch in diameter for
specified plate thicknesses up to and including 0.179 inches and 5/8-inch in diameter for liner
plates of greater thicknesses. Bolts and nuts shall conform to ASTM A307 Grade A and shall
be galvanized as per ASTM A153.
2.3
Carrier Pipe
Water mains and sewers shall be as specified in Section 02550 and Section 02510 respectively.
2.4
Concrete
Concrete used in tunneling construction shall be as specified in Section 03100.
2.5
Brickwork
Brick and masonry work performed at the ends of the tunnel shall be as specified in Sections
04100 and 04200.
2.6
Forced Grout
Grout that is force injected between tunnel line plates and tunnel wall shall be one part
Portland cement (ASTM C150, Type II), and six parts sand (ASTM C33).
2.7
Equipment
A.
Tunneling equipment shall be as approved by U.S. Bureau of Mines.
B.
The grout pump and injection system shall deliver the grout in a smooth and
even flow without surge while developing a uniform pressure of 50 psi at the
grout hole connection.
05/2005
02950-2
SECTION 02950
TUNNELING
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.1
3.2
General
A.
Maintain free and full use of the surface on private property, streets, roadways
and railways, under which tunneling construction takes place. Maintain close
observation of surface facilities to detect settlement or displacement. Notify the
Engineer immediately if settlement is detected. Take appropriate action to
maintain safe conditions and prevent damage.
B.
Should the Contractor elect to sink shafts at any point on the tunnel alignment
for more efficient construction, he shall obtain permission from the holders of
private property or the agencies having jurisdiction over the property, easement,
or right-of-way. Remove excavation from such shaft or shafts, as well as all
mucking, from the premises to storage dumps acquired by the Contractor at his
own cost and expense. Backfill shafts at no expense to the County with
materials approved for backfilling by the Engineer. Line shafts with steel liner
plate of structural adequacy to withstand all earth pressures. Plates shall form a
concentric circle and be bolted in place as the shaft is sunk. Extend the liner
plates above the surface 3-/12' for protection of the public. No shaft shall be
less than 12' in diameter. Where shafts are at portals, timber sheeting and
bracing of structural adequacy may be used as an alternate to steel liner plates if
permission is granted by the Engineer in writing.
Ventilation System
Furnish, install, operate and maintain a temporary ventilation system for the removal of dust in
the tunnel shaft according to local and Federal regulations.
3.3
Electric Lights
Provide temporary electric lights to properly and safely illuminate all parts of the tunnel
construction area with special illumination provided at the working face. Lighting circuits
shall be thoroughly insulated and separated from power circuits, and shall be enclosed in wire
cages. Secure all necessary electrical permits for successful completion of this aspect of the
work.
3.4
Excavation for Tunnel Liner Plates
On initial set-up, support the tunneling equipment on a concrete cradle poured to permit the
proper installation of the tunneling. During forward movement of tunneling operations,
provide sufficient support at the tunnel face to ensure that only materials physically displaced
by the tunneling equipment are removed.
Excavation for liner plates shall proceed in increments sufficient for the erection of one ring of
liners; install liner plates immediately after each increment of excavation. Keep voids behind
liner plates to a minimum.
05/2005
02950-3
SECTION 02950
3.5
TUNNELING
Installation of Tunnel Liner Plates
Handle liner plates in such a manner as to prevent bruising, scaling, or any other damage to the
linings and coatings.
Ensure that the plate edges are clean and free from material that could interfere with proper
bearing during installation.
Assemble liner plates to the lines and grades shown on the Contract Drawings in accordance
with the manufacturers recommendations. Retention or replace any bolt that does not meet the
requirements.
On 8' centers and in the liner plate at the top of each ring, there shall be a 2-inch standard half
pipe coupling welded into a hole in the liner plate and cast iron closure plugs screwed therein.
On the completion of each day's work the cast iron plugs shall be removed and the voids
between the outside of the liner plate and the earth or rock shall be completely filled by
pressure grouting with one part Portland cement and 6 parts mortar sand. The pressure shall
be adequate to fill all the voids, but not great enough to bulge the liner plates.
3.6
Installation of Carrier Pipe in Tunnel
The carrier pipe shall be laid to the true line, grade, and elevations called for in the approved
plans. Mount pipe on blocks, saddles, or other approved methods to obtain the exact lines and
grades. Secure carrier pipe against flotation or vertical movement in accordance with standard
details or as otherwise approved by the Engineer. Protect the ends of tunnel against entry of
foreign matter and water with brick and masonry construction of 6-inch minimum grout.
Provide 2-inch weep hole at each end of tunnel. Grout or provide sand as shown on the
Standard Detail M-5.0.
3.7
Rock Excavation
Rock excavation shall be carried out as specified in Section 02202.

Measurement shall be in linear feet of the tunnel liner plate invert. Payment shall include the
liner plates, sand or grouting, dewatering and carrier pipe installed, complete in place
05/2005
02950-4
SECTION 02951
BORING AND JACKING
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1
Provide all plant, labor, materials and equipment to install water mains or sewer pipes by
boring and jacking under highway crossings as called for on the approved plans and as
specified herein.
1.2

Section 02510 - Sanitary Sewers and Appurtenances
Section 02550 - Water Mains and Appurtenances
1.3
Applicable Specification
American Water Works Association (AWWA)
1.4
1.5
The County will obtain all permits. The Contractor shall conform to the regulations set forth
by the authorities having jurisdiction over the work performed in the areas of bore and jack
construction.
1.6
Submittals
Submit detailed drawings which shall include the location and size of pit, the method of boring
and jacking, the size, capacity and arrangement of equipment, the method of dewatering, and
the method of controlling line and grade.
PART 2 - MATERIALS
2.1
Casing Pipe
05/2005
02951-1
SECTION 02951
BORING AND JACKING
The casing pipe used shall be black seamless steel pipe with a minimum thickness of 3/8-inch
of the sizes shown on the Standard Detail. Pipe shall have a minimum yield strength of 35,000
psi and shall conform to AWWA C-200.
2.2
Carrier Pipe
Water mains shall be as specified in Section 02550 and sewer pipes as specified in Section
02510.
2.3
Concrete
Concrete shall be as specified in Section 03100.

2.4
Brickwork
Brick and masonry work as performed at the ends of the casing pipe shall be as specified in
Sections 04100 and 04200.
2.5
Equipment
Boring and jacking equipment shall be at the Contractor's option.
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.1
General
A.
If an obstruction is encountered during installation which stops the forward
action of the pipe and makes it impossible to advance the pipe, notify the
Engineer immediately. If necessary, operations will cease and the pipe shall be
abandoned in place and either plugged or filled completely with grout.
B.
3.2
Maintain close observation of surface facilities to detect settlement or

displacement. Notify the Engineer immediately if settlement or displacement is
detected. Take action to maintain safe conditions and prevent damage.
Construction of Boring Pit
Excavate boring pit in accordance with detailed drawing specified in Paragraph 1.6. The pit
shall be of adequate length to provide room for the jacking frame, the jacking head, the
reaction blocks, the jacks and two sections of casing pipe. The pit shall be wide enough to
allow ample working space on either side of the jacking frame. The depth of the pit shall be
such that the invert of the pipe when placed on the guide frame will be at the desired elevation
for the finished line. The pit shall be tightly sheeted and kept dry at all times.
Design and install the reaction blocks to carry the thrust of the jacks to the soil without
excessive soil deflection and in such a manner as to avoid any disturbance of adjacent
structures or utilities.
05/2005
02951-2
SECTION 02951
BORING AND JACKING
Provide adequate protective railings and/or fences at the top of the pit at all times.
3.3
Boring and Jacking Operation
Provide removable auger and cutting head arrangement. Arrange the face of the cutting head to
provide reasonable obstruction to the free flow of soft material. Push the pipe with boring
auger rotating within the pipe to remove the spoil. Over cut by the cutting head shall not
exceed the outside diameter of the casing pipe by more than 1/2-inch.
Use hydraulic jacks in the jacking operation and take extreme care to hold the pipe to the exact
lines and grades shown on the Contract Drawings. Excavation at the heading shall not exceed
on foot ahead of the lead pipe. As one section of casing pipe is installed, the next section shall
be aligned on guide timbers and welded to preceding section, and the boring and jacking
process continued.
3.4
Installation of Carrier Pipe
Lay the carrier pipe to the true line, grade and elevations called for on the Contract Drawings.
Use rollers, timber skids or other supports, approved by the Engineer, strapped to the carrier
pipe inside of the casing pipe to avoid the pipe resting on any bells and to keep the completed
installation at the required line and grade.
Protect the ends of the casing pipe against entry of foreign matter and water with brick and
masonry construction or 6-inch minimum grout. Provide 2-inch weep hole at each end of
casing pipe.
3.5
Rock Excavation
Rock excavation shall be as specified in Section 02202.

Measurement shall be in linear feet of casing pipe installed. Payment shall include the casing
pipe and carrier pipe installed, complete in place.
05/2005
02951-3
SECTION 03100
CONCRETE FORMWORK,
REINFORCEMENT AND MATERIALS
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1
Description of Work
Provide all plant, labor, materials and equipment necessary for the completion of the plain and
reinforced concrete called for on the approved plans.
1.2

1.3
A.
American Concrete Institute (ACI)
B.
C.
United States Product Standards PS I-66
D.

(VDOT)
E.
1.4
Wire Reinforcement Institute (WRI)
Quality Assurance The following codes and standards are hereby made a part of this
specification and concrete work performed shall conform with the applicable
references except as specified otherwise in this section.
ACI Standard 318-71 - Building Code Requirements Reinforced Concrete (Working
Stress Design) ACI Standard 318 - Building Code Requirements for Reinforced
Concrete ACI Standard 315 - Manual of Standard Practice for Detailing Reinforced
Concrete Structures ACI Committee Report - Concrete Sanitary Engineering
Structures, ACI Committee 350 ACI Standard 301 - Specifications for Structural
Concrete for Buildings Wire Reinforcement Institute, Inc., WRI - Manual of Standard
Practice Virginia Department of Transportation, Road and Bridge Specifications
(VDOT)
1.5
Submittals
A.
Shop drawings shall include bar tabulations, placement drawings and details.
B.
The Concrete Plant shall provide the concrete mix design and certified test
reports on the aggregate, admixture, cement, and curing materials to be
incorporated in the concrete for the project.
C.
The steel fabricator shall provide certified mill test reports for the reinforcing
steel and accessories to be incorporated in the work.
05/2005
03100-1
SECTION 03100
D.
CONCRETE FORMWORK,
The Contractor shall provide delivery tickets for concrete and shall include the
date, time, truck identification, concrete plant, plant inspector, ticket and load
number, concrete class and design mix, moisture content of aggregates, quantity
and location of placement.
PART 2 - MATERIALS
2.1
General
Concrete materials, methods of mixing, conveying, curing, placing, reinforcement, and the
making and removal of forms shall conform to the latest requirements of Section 217 of the
2.2
Class of Concrete
Cast-in-place concrete shall be Class A3 General Use (3,000 psi) or Class B2 (2,200 psi)
unless stated otherwise on the approved plans.
2.3
Earth Forms
Except for the bearing surface of thrust blocks, concrete cradle, concrete encasements, and the
second pours of drop manholes, do not place concrete directly against vertical surfaces of the
soil.
2.4
Plywood
Except where noted otherwise on the approved plans, use plywood forms for all concrete
which will be exposed in the finished work, and for all exterior walls below grade which are to
receive membrane waterproofing. Plywood shall conform to U.S. Product Standard PS 1-66
and shall be a minimum of 5/8-inch thick. Each panel shall carry the grade trademark of the
American Plywood Association along with the DFPA (Douglas Fir Plywood Association)
Quality stamp.
2.5
Form Coating
Use non-grain raising and non-staining type that will not leave residual matter on surface of
concrete or adversely affect proper bonding of subsequent application of other material applied
to concrete surface, such as Nox-Crete Form Coating as manufactured by the Nox-Crete
Company, Arcal-80 as manufactured by Arcal Chemical Corporation, Synthex as
manufactured by Industrial Synthetics Company, or approved equal. Do not use coatings
containing mineral oils or other non-drying ingredients.
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.1
General
05/2005
03100-2
CONCRETE FORMWORK,
SECTION 03100
A.
Employ a competent and acceptable crew leader for concrete work. This crew
leader shall be thoroughly familiar with all phases of concrete construction,
including forms.
B.
C.
3.2
Be responsible for the capacity of all form work, shoring and bracing to carry
all superimposed live and dead loads before, during and after concrete is
poured.
Provide form work with adequate cleanout openings to permit inspection and
easy cleaning after reinforcement has been placed. Where possible, place these
openings in the side of the unexposed surfaces.
Construction of Forms
A.
General: Construct wood forms of sound material, and of the correct shape and
dimensions, constructed tightly and of sufficient strength. Brace and tie the
forms together so that the movement of men, equipment, materials, or placing
and vibrating the concrete will not throw them out of line or position. Forms
shall be strong enough to maintain their exact shape under all imposed loads.
Camber where necessary to assure level finished soffits. Construct forms that
may be easily removed without damage to the concrete. Before concrete is
placed in any form, the horizontal and vertical position of the form shall be
carefully verified and all inaccuracies corrected. Complete all wedging and
bracing in advance of placing concrete.
B.
Chamfered Corners: Unless otherwise indicated, provide chamfered corners on

all exposed corners. Provide 3/4 inch moldings in forms for all chamfering
required.
C.
Embedded Items: Make provision for sleeves, anchors, inserts, water stops, and
other features.
D.
Form Ties: Use form ties of sufficient strength and in sufficient quantities to
prevent spreading of the forms. Place ties at least 1-inch away from the
finished surface of the concrete. Do not use ties consisting of twisted wire
loops. Leave inner rods in concrete when forms are stripped. Space all form ties
equidistant, and symmetrical, and line up both vertically and horizontally.
E.
Cleanouts and Access Panels: Provide removable cleanout sections or access

panels at the bottom of all forms to permit inspection and effective cleaning of
loose dirt, debris, and waste material. Clean all forms and surfaces to receive
concrete of all chips, sawdust, and other debris and thoroughly blow out with
compressed air just before concrete is placed.
F.
Arrangement: Arrange formwork to allow proper erection sequence and to

permit form removal without damage to concrete.
05/2005
03100-3
SECTION 03100
3.3
Preparation for Placing
A.
CONCRETE FORMWORK,
Remove water from excavations before concrete is deposited. Divert any flow
of water through proper side drains and remove water without washing over
freshly-deposited concrete. Remove hardened concrete, debris, ice, and other
foreign materials from the interior of the forms, and from the inner surfaces of
mixing and conveying equipment. Do not place on frozen ground. Secure
reinforcing in position and place vapor barrier and have inspected and approved
before the concrete is poured. Do not wheel equipment used to deposit concrete
over reinforcement.
B.
3.4
3.5
Prior to placing of any concrete, and after placement of reinforcing steel in the
forms, notify the Engineer so that proper inspection may be made. Such
notification shall be made at least 48 hours in advance of placing concrete to
permit proper arrangements for inspection.
Delivery
A.
Submit a delivery ticket indicating the mix and design strength of the concrete,
design slump, and time of leaving the truck mixer with each batch at the time of
delivery. Record on the back of the delivery ticket: (a) the time of arrival of the
truck mixer on the site; (b) the time of deposit of the concrete from the truck;
and (c) the place of deposit of the concrete. The completed delivery ticket shall
be delivered to the Engineer. Failure to deliver such completed ticket to the
Engineer will be cause for the Engineer to reject the deposited concrete at any
time and cause it to be removed and replaced at no additional expense to the
County.
B.
Do not use concrete on the job site when it has exceeded the allotted mixing
time as specified in Section of the 217.09 of the VDOT Specifications.
Placing Concrete
A.
Before placing concrete, remove all construction debris, water and ice from the
places to be occupied by the concrete. Give particular attention to the removal
of dirt and debris from all formed construction joints.
B.
Concrete, when deposited, shall have a temperature ranging between a

minimum of 50 degrees Fahrenheit and a maximum of 90 degrees Fahrenheit.
When the temperature of the surrounding air is below 50 degrees or above 90
degrees Fahrenheit, concreting shall be done in accordance with the
recommendations noted in ACI-306 and ACI-305 respectively.
C.
Mix concrete in such quantities as required for immediate use and place prior to
loss of slump. Do not retemper concrete.
D.
Spade, work and vibrate concrete as it is being poured, to secure its maximum
density, free from voids and completely filling the forms. Thoroughly work
concrete to secure the complete envelopment of all parts of the reinforcing steel
and completely fill the corners of the forms. Maintain not less than 2 approved
05/2005
03100-4
CONCRETE FORMWORK,
SECTION 03100
vibrators on the work at all times. Use tremies or chutes for drops of more than
5-feet.
E.
3.6
3.7
3.8
Removal of Forms
A.
After concrete has been placed, all forms, bracing and supports shall remain
undisturbed long enough to allow the concrete to reach the strength necessary to
support with safety its own weight plus any live load and earth pressure that
might be placed upon it without causing excessive settlement or deflective or
any temporary or permanent damage to the structure. Prevent the breaking of
edges and corners of concrete in the stripping of forms. Upon removal of
formwork, immediately patch honeycombed areas and other voids to the
satisfaction of the Engineer.
B.
Thoroughly clean forms and recoat with specified form coating before each
reuse. Do not reuse any form for exposed work which cannot be reconditioned
to like new condition. Discard forms considered unsatisfactory by the
Engineer. Apply form coating to all forms in accordance with the
manufacturer's specifications. Apply form coatings before placing reinforcing
steel.
Protection of New Work

A.
Protect all freshly placed concrete from mechanical injury or action of the
elements until such time as the concrete is thoroughly set.
B.
Protect projecting inserts, anchor bolts and other embedded items from
disturbances until the concrete has sufficiently set to hold such items. \
Preformed Joints
A.
Furnish and install preformed expansion joint material at locations shown on
the Contract Drawings. Cut preformed expansion joint material slightly less
than the full width of the cross section of the concrete to allow for a liquid joint
sealant with any backup material.
B.
3.9
Fill under Slabs on Grade: Clean sand, or aggregate, evenly spread and
compacted to the full depth, unless otherwise shown on the Contract Drawings.
Tool the concrete edges at expansion or contraction joints to a one-eighth (1/8)inch radius.
Finishing
A.
All areas of exposed concrete walls and appendages from the top of the wall to
1'-6-inch below the finished grade or water level of the structure shall receive a
rubbed finish applied in the following manner:
1.
05/2005
After removal of forms, point cavities, stone pockets, and tie holes in
exposed surfaces with mortar by thoroughly wetting the repair area. Cut
out honeycombs down to dense concrete, and then patch and point as
03100-5
SECTION 03100
CONCRETE FORMWORK,
described above. The mortar mix for patching shall be determined by
trial to obtain a good color match with the concrete when both patch and
concrete are cured and dry. The amount of mixing water shall be as little
as consistent with the requirements of handling and placing the mortar.
2.
Ground off form joint marks and fins to a smooth surface, dense and
free of prominent grain markings and bulges or depressions more than
1/8-inch in 4 feet.
3.
When the mortar pointing has set, the entire exposed concrete surface
shall be thoroughly covered with water by means of brush and rubbed
with carborundum brick to remove all blemishes and leave the entire
exposed surface uniform in color and texture.
B.
All areas of walls not covered above shall have all fins and projections
removed. Patch all voids and depressions exceeding 3/8-inch in any
dimensions.
C.
Unless otherwise noted or specified, all slabs shall be finished monolithically.

Exposed concrete slabs shall have a tolerance of 1/8-inch in 10 feet with
maximum high and low variance not occurring in less than 20 feet, and with
1/16-inch tolerance in any one running foot with no abrupt variations.
After screeding and floating, give concrete steps and slabs a light steel toweling
to seal the surface and remove any irregularities left by the float. Just before
the concrete becomes non-plastic, the surface of the concrete shall be given a
fine broom finish perpendicular to the line of traffic and so executed that the
corrugations thus produced will be uniform in character and width. The
broomed surface shall be free from porous spots, irregularities, depressions, and
small pockets or rough spots such as may be caused by accidentally disturbing
particles of coarse aggregate embedded near the surface. Use a coarse broom to
provide a non-slip surface for ramps.
D.
3.10
Curing
A.
Curing shall be started as soon as it is possible to apply the curing medium without
damaging the surface, preferably immediately upon completion of the finishing
operation.
Curing shall continue uninterrupted for a minimum period of 14 days. Rapid drying
upon completion of the curing period shall be prevented. At no time during the curing
period shall the temperature of the concrete be permitted to drop below 40 degrees
Fahrenheit.
3.11
Sampling, Testing and Enforcement

A.
05/2005
The Contractor shall furnish such facilities as the Engineer may require for on
site testing and for collecting and forwarding concrete samples for testing to an
approved independent laboratory selected by the Engineer. The laboratory shall
establish the mix proportions and test the concrete. One test shall be performed
03100-6
CONCRETE FORMWORK,
SECTION 03100
for each 10 cu. yds. of concrete. The laboratory shall maintain records showing
brand of cement, brand and quantity of admixtures, time and location of the
batch from which the test was made, air content, slump, and compressive
strength. The laboratory shall supply the test cylinders, slump cones, field
technicians, and all equipment necessary for performance of field and
laboratory testing specified herein.
B.
One strength test shall consist of four field specimens. One (1) specimen for
testing at seven (7) days, one (1) specimen for testing at fourteen (14) days, and
two (2) specimens for testing at twenty-eight (28) days. The samples for
strength tests shall be taken in accordance with Method of Sampling Fresh
Concrete (ASTM C-172). Cylinders for acceptance tests shall be molded and
laboratory-cured in accordance with Method of Making and Curing Concrete
Compression and Flexure Test Specimens in the Field (ASTM C-31) and
tested in accordance with Method of Test for Compressive Strength of Molded
Concrete Cylinders (ASTM C-39). Each strength test result shall be the
average of two cylinders from the same sample tested at seven (7), fourteen
(14) and twenty-eight (28) days.
C.
When the frequency of testing will provide less than five strength tests for a
given class of concrete, make tests from at least five randomly selected batches
or from each batch if fewer than five are used. When the total quantity of a
given class of concrete is less than 30 cu. yds., the strength tests may be waived
by the Engineer if, in his judgment, adequate evidence of satisfactory strength is
provided.
D.
Should individual tests of laboratory-cured specimens produce results more

than 500 psi below specified strength (f'c), or tests of field-cured cylinders
indicate deficiencies in protection and curing, take steps to assure that loadcarrying capacity may have been significantly reduced, tests of cores taken
from the area in questions shall be required in accordance with Standard
Method of Obtaining and Testing Drilled Cores and Sawed Beams of Concrete
(ASTM C-42). Three cores shall be taken for each cylinder test more than 500
psi below specified strength (f'c). If the concrete in the structure will be more
than superficially wet under service conditions, the cores shall be immersed in
water for at least 48 hours and tested wet.
E.
Concrete represented by the above core tests will be considered structurally

adequate if the average of the three cores is equal to at least 85 percent of
specified strength (f'c) and if no single core is less than 75 percent of f'c. To
check testing accuracy, locations represented by erratic core strengths may be
retested. If these strength acceptance criteria are not met by the core tests, and
if structural adequacy remains in doubt, the Engineer shall order load tests for
the questionable portion of the structure, or declare the section to be defective.
3.12
Defective Concrete
A.
Defective concrete is defined as concrete in place which does not conform to

strength, shapes, alignments, appearance, and/or elevations as shown on the
drawings; areas which contain faulty surface areas and/or concrete surfaces not
finished in accordance with these specifications.
05/2005
03100-7
SECTION 03100
B.
CONCRETE FORMWORK,
Remove all defective concrete and replace in a manner meeting with the
Engineer's approval. Should only surface imperfections occur, patch at the
discretion of, and in a manner satisfactory to, the Engineer. Permission to patch
the work shall not be considered as a waiver of the County's right to require
complete removal and replacement of such defective work should the patching
fail to satisfactorily restore the required quality and appearance of the work.

4.1
Concrete work associated with cast-in-place structures, curbs, sidewalks shall be paid
for under the appropriate unit item called for in the bid proposal.
4.2
Concrete steps shall be measured by step per width category. Payment shall include all
labor, materials and equipment necessary for a complete installation.
05/2005
03100-8
SECTION 03400
PRECAST CONCRETE
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1
Description of Work
Provide all plant, labor, equipment and material to provide the precast concrete structures
including manholes but excluding pipe, as called for on the approved plans, Construction
Standards and this section.
1.2

Section 02500 - Storm Sewers and Drainage Systems
Section 02510 - Sanitary Sewers and Appurtenances
Section 03100 - Concrete, Formwork, Reinforcement and Materials
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
A.
B.

(VDOT)
Quality Assurance
A.
All precast concrete items shall be products of one or more manufacturers

having demonstrated competence in the design and production of precast
concrete specialties of the types specified herein for a minimum of 3 years.
B.
The referenced documents of Section 03100 shall become a part of this section.
Submittals
A.
Prior to delivering any material to the project site, submit to the Engineer for
approval shop drawings for fabrication and setting of the precast concrete work,
along with manufacturer's detailed descriptive literature.
B.
Submit certified concrete mix design for the structures to be furnished to the job
site.
C.
Submit certified test reports for the aggregate, cement, admixtures, reinforcing
and curing materials used in the fabrication of the structures.
Class of Concrete
Concrete for precast structures shall be VDOT Class A4 General. Use unless stated otherwise
on the approved plans.
05/2005
03400-1
SECTION 03400
PRECAST CONCRETE
PART 2 - MATERIALS
2.1
General
Concrete materials, methods of mixing, conveying, curing, placing, reinforcement, and the
making and removal of forms shall conform to the latest requirements of the VDOT Section
217.
2.2
Precast Concrete Manholes
Precast concrete manhole bases, risers and cones shall conform to requirements of ASTM C478 with configurations as shown in the drawings. Cones shall be eccentric. Manhole sections
for sanitary sewers shall be of male and female end type with a preformed groove provided in
the male end for placement of a round rubber gasket ring. Rubber gasket rings shall meet the
requirements of ASTM C-361 or C-443. The gasket shall be the sole element utilized in
sealing the joint from either external or internal hydrostatic pressure. Use the appropriate
lubricant as directed by the manufacturer. Manhole sections for storm sewers may use
mortared joints.
Each precast section shall be clearly marked on the inside near the top with the following
information where applicable: ASTM designation, Standard detail or drawing number, station
location and designation, date of manufacture and name or trademark of manufacturers.
Precast concrete manholes shall be manufactured by the Virginia Precast Corp., Valley Blox,
Inc., or equal.
2.3
Precast Concrete Catch Basin
Precast concrete catch basins shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A-185 for welded
wire fabric construction, or ASTM A-165 for deformed steel billet bars and the applicable
provisions specified in Section 03100 except that the design mix (f'c) shall be 4,000 psi
concrete.
PART 3 - EXECUTION
Fabrication and testing of the precast concrete structures shall be in accordance with the
stipulated execution procedures of Section 03100.

No separate measurement and payment will be made for this work. It is covered under other
work to which it relates.
05/2005
03400-2
SECTION 04100
MORTAR AND GROUT
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1
Description of Work
Provide all labor, materials and equipment necessary to furnish and install mortar required for
the masonry and mortared rubble work and miscellaneous grout as called for on the approved
plans.
1.2

1.3
A.
B.

(VDOT)
PART 2 - MATERIALS
2.1
General
Mortar and grout shall conform to the latest requirements of Section 218 of the VDOT
Specifications.
2.2
Mortar for Unreinforced Masonry and Brick
The mix for unreinforced masonry shall conform with ASTM C270, Type M with the
following options:
A.
Portland Cement Mortar: 1 part Portland cement; 1/4 part hydrated lime and
lime putty; 3-1/2 parts sand.
B.
2.3
Masonry Cement Mortar: 1 part Portland cement; 1 part masonry cement; 4-1/2
parts sand.
Mortar and Grout for Reinforced Masonry
The mix for reinforced masonry shall conform with ASTM C476 Type PM or PL.
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.1
Storage of Materials
Protect materials from moisture, foreign material and deterioration.
05/2005
04100-1
SECTION 04100
3.2
MORTAR AND GROUT
Weather Requirements
Hot Weather: Add water as needed to supplement evaporation losses. Cold Weather: When air
temperatures range between 32oF and 40oF, heat mixing water or aggregate to between 70F
and 160F maximum. When air temperature is below 32oF, and only with the approval of the
Engineer, heat both the mixing water and aggregate to between 70oF and 160oF maximum.
3.3
Quality Control
A. Prepare sample batches of mortars and grouts prior to beginning masonry work.
B. Test in accordance with ASTM C270 (Unit Masonry) or ASTM C476 (Reinforced
Masonry), whichever applies. Send copies of test results to the Engineer for approval.
3.4
Mixing Mortar and Grout
Mix mortar in accordance with ASTM C270 (Unity Masonry) and mortar and grout in
accordance with ASTM C476 (Reinforced Masonry). Mortar or grout not within 2-1/2 hours
after mixing shall not be used in masonry work.

No separate measurement and payment will be made for this work. It shall be considered a
subsidiary obligation of the Contract under other work to which it relates.
05/2005
04100-2
SECTION 04200
MASONRY UNITS
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1
Description of Work
Provide all labor, materials and equipment necessary to furnish and install masonry as called
for on the approved plans and as specified herein.
1.2

Section 09900 - Protective Coatings
1.3
1.4
A.
B.

(VDOT)
Submittals
Submit to the Engineer, two representative samples of each kind and type of masonry specified
for the project and sample of anchors and ties. Do not purchase masonry until samples are
approved by the Engineer.
PART 2 - MATERIALS
2.1
Masonry Units
Masonry block and brick units shall conform to Section 222 of the VDOT Specifications.
2.2
Welded Wire Fabric
Welded wire fabric shall conform to Section 228 of the VDOT Specifications.
2.3
Steel Reinforcement
Steel reinforcement called for on the approved plans shall be deformed bars, grade 40, in
2.4
Reinforcement, Anchors and Ties

A.
05/2005
Masonry joint reinforcement shall be factory fabricated from zinc coated colddrawn steel wire, ASTM A82. Reinforcement shall consist of two or more
deformed longitudinal wires minimum size No. W1.5, weld connected with
minimum size No. 21.5 cross wires, forming a truss or ladder design. Zinc
04200-1
SECTION 04200
MASONRY UNITS
coating, ASTM A116, Class 1, except that cross wires used for cavity wall ties
shall be Class 3. Out-to-out spacing of longitudinal wires shall be
approximately 2-inches less than the nominal width of the block or with in
which it is placed. Distance between welded contacts of cross wires with each
longitudinal wire shall not exceed 16-inches. Joint reinforcement shall be
furnished in flat sections 10 to 20 feet in length, except that factory-formed
corner reinforcements and other special shapes may be less in length.
B.
Anchors and ties shall be zinc-coated, ferrous metal of the types specified. Zinc
coating ASTM A153, Class B-1, B-2, or B-3 as applicable. Cooper cladding of
steel wire shall conform to the requirements as specified for Grade 30 HS wire
in ASTM Specification B227.
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.2
General
A.
Build into masonry, bolts, anchors, nailing blocks, inserts, expansion joints and
other items necessary and incidental to the completion of the project.
B.
Masonry shall be laid with plumb, true to line, with level courses accurately
spaced with a story pole, and unless otherwise shown, with each course
breaking joints with the course next below. Each unit shall be adjusted to its
final position in the wall while mortar is still soft and plastic. Any unit that is
disturbed after mortar has stiffened shall be kept plumb throughout. Corners
and reveals shall be plumb and true. Courses shall be so spaced that backing
masonry will level off flush with the face work at all joints where metal ties are
used. Anchors, accessories, and other items required to be built in with
masonry shall be built in as the masonry work progresses. Cutting and fitting of
masonry shall be done by masonry mechanics with power-driven masonry
saws.
C.
Weather Requirements: Precondition and protect masonry units in cold weather

as follows:
D.
05/2005
1.
Avg. daily air temperature between 32oF and 40oF -- protect newly laid
masonry from rain and snow 24 hours.
2.
Avg. daily air temperature between 25oF and 32oF -- provide heat on
both sides of construction masonry; use wind breaks for winds above 15
mph; cover masonry with insulating blankets for 24 hours.
3.
Avg. daily temperature below 20oF -- provide enclosure and heat to

maintain air at 32oF for 24 hours. Do not lay masonry units at
temperatures colder than 30oF.
Before resuming work, top surface of masonry in place shall be cleaned of

loose mortar and foreign material.
04200-2
SECTION 04200
3.2
Storage
A.
B.
3.3
3.4
MASONRY UNITS
Store cementitious materials on pallets under a tarpaulin cover in a dry place.

Covers shall overhang 2 feet down each side and be held securely in place.
Reinforcing, metal ties, and anchors shall be protected from contact with soil
and before being placed shall be free from loose rust and other coatings that
will destroy or reduce the bond.
Laying Concrete Masonry Units

A.
All sections herein shall apply to both ordinary masonry units and concrete
catch basin units.
B.
All concrete masonry units shall be running bond with units in the courses
above regularly breaking joints with the units below, unless otherwise indicated
on drawings.
C.
Layout all openings before construction. The final location of openings shall be
adjusted so that partial size units may be kept to a minimum.
D.
Reinforcing mesh shall be installed in the three courses above all openings and
shall extend 3 ft. 9 in. beyond each side of opening. Mesh shall be installed in
every third course of all masonry unit walls.
E.
Do not set patched, chipped, cracked, broken or otherwise defective units. Cut
out defective joints and repoint.
F.
All intersecting walls shall be keyed together with masonry units.
G.
Cut block with a carborundum saw. Do not cut with hammer chisel.
H.
Use solid load-bearing block where required for structural purposes. Use
hollow load-bearing block at all other locations.
I.
Leave all necessary openings for the passage of pipes and drains. At
completion of the work of other trades, return and close all openings.
J.
Keep the open space at control joints and expansion joints free of mortar by
using a continuous wood or metal strip temporarily set in the wall. Caulk
control and expansion joints.
K.
Standard width of mortar joints for both horizontal and vertical joints shall be
3/8 inch. Joints shall have full mortar coverage on vertical and horizontal face
shells, but mortar shall not extend through unit on the web edges. Compact
mortar joints on the weather side of exterior walls and press tight against the
edges of the units with a proper tool.
Brick
05/2005
04200-3
SECTION 04200
3.5
MASONRY UNITS
A.
Lay all face brickwork in straight running bond, level, with joints struck flush,
then tooled with a concave pointing tool. Courses shall equal 3 to 8 inches in
height. Mortar beds shall be full. Fill voids solid with mortar. Fill all vertical
joints with mortar except weep holes.
B.
Carry facing and backing of exterior walls simultaneously and bond as required.
C.
Set reinforcement flashing and ties every 2 sq. ft. of wall surface.
D.
Provide rope wick weep holes, spaced approximately 32 in. on center, in

vertical joints of first course, over all counter flashing and through wall flashing
on all exterior walls.
E.
Project bolts from the face of the masonry a sufficient distance to allow for the
proper attachment intended. Oil all threads and protect by waterproof caps.
F.
All joints shall be uniform and 3/8 inch thick unless otherwise indicated.
G.
Joints in exposed or painted surfaces shall be tooled when thumbprint hard with
a round jointer. Joints shall be flush on the vertical and concave on the
horizontal.
H.
Joints in unparged masonry below grade shall be pointed tight with a trowel.
I.
Mortar joints in surfaces to be plastered, stuccoed, or covered with other

masonry shall be cut flush.
J.
Mortar protrusions extending into cells or cavities to be reinforced and filled

shall be removed.
K.
Fill horizontal joints between top of masonry partitions and underside of

concrete slabs or beams with mortar.
Bonding with Masonry Bonders

A.
Where two or more masonry units are used to make up a thickness of a wall,
inner and outer wythes shall be bonded at vertical intervals not exceeding 34
inches by transverse lapping of stretcher units at least 3 inches over units below,
or by lapping with units at least 50 percent greater in width than unit below at
vertical intervals not exceeding 17 inches.
B.
Bond intersecting bearing walls with metal ties at vertical intervals not to
exceed 16 inches.
C.
When intersecting bearing walls are carried up separately, regularly block

(tooth) vertical joint with 8-inch maximum offsets. Provide joints with rigid
steel anchors at vertical intervals not to exceed 48 inches. When approved,
05/2005
04200-4
SECTION 04200
MASONRY UNITS
blocking may be eliminated and rigid steel anchors provided at vertical

intervals not to exceed 24 inches.
D.
Anchor abutting or intersecting interior non-load bearing walls with metal ties
at vertical intervals not to exceed 24 inches and extending at least 4 inches into
the masonry.
E.
Construct all concrete masonry in accordance with the National Concrete

Masonry Associations.
3.6
Angles and Beams

A.
Adjust as required to keep masonry level and at proper elevation.
B.
Embed beams firmly in mortar of same quality as used in laying masonry wall.
3.7
Jointing and Cleaning

A.
At the completion of the work, all holes in joints of masonry surfaces, except
weep holes, shall be filled with mortar and suitably tooled.
B.
Dry brush masonry surface at the end of each day's work and after final
pointing using wire brushes if necessary to remove mortar but exercise care not
to scratch or damage work.

Manholes, catch basins, and yard inlets constructed of masonry block and concrete block shall
be measured as each. Payment shall include all masonry/block work, mortar, manhole steps,
manhole frame and cover, inlet frame and cover, concrete slab, grout, excavation and backfill,
and all necessary appurtenant items. Other use of the masonry block and concrete block is
covered under the work to which it relates.
05/2005
04200-5
SECTION 04300
STONE & MORTARED RUBBLE MASONRY
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1
Description of Work
Provide all plant, labor, materials and equipment for the construction of mortar rubble
retaining walls as called for on the approved plans and as detailed in the Construction
Standards and specified herein.
1.2

1.3
PART 2 - MATERIALS
2.1
Mortar
Mortar shall conform to Section 222 of the VDOT specifications.

2.2
Stone
Stone shall conform to Section 204 and 508.03(a) of the VDOT specifications.
2.3
Concrete Rubble
Concrete rubble shall be approved by the Engineer. Concrete rubble available from the County
will be so noted on the approved plans.
2.4
Concrete Rubble Backing
Class A3 concrete conforming to Section 217 of the VDOT Specifications.

2.5
Filter Material
Filter material shall be Miraf 140, Typar 3401 or approved equal.

2.6
Backfill
Porous backfill shall be clean crushed stone or gravel aggregate size no. 57 or 68, in
05/2005
04300-1
SECTION 04300
STONE & MORTARED RUBBLE MASONRY
PART 3 - EXECUTION
Construct mortar rubble masonry walls in conformance with the approved plans and the
standard details. Shaping, dressing, cleaning, wetting, laying and other construction procedures
for the walls shall be performed in accordance with Section 508.03(b) of the VDOT
Specifications.
Mortar rubble masonry walls shall be measured in cubic feet based on the approved plans and
sections. Payment shall include the concrete rubble backing, excavation, backfill, testing of
materials, labor, material and equipment necessary for a complete and structurally sound
retaining wall in place.
05/2005
04300-2
STRUCTURAL STEEL
& MISCELLANEOUS METAL
SECTION 05500
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1
Description of Work
A.
1.2
Provide all plant labor, supervision, material and equipment to furnish and
install all structural steel and miscellaneous metal items, with accessories,
fasteners, anchors, etc., complete in place as shown on the approved plans.

1.3
1.4
1.5
A.
American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC)
B.
C.
American Welding Society (AWS)
D.
Virginia Department of Transportation, Road and Bridges Specifications

(VDOT)
Submittals
A.
Before any fabrication is begun, submit detailed shop drawings of all

miscellaneous metal items showing sizes of metal components, method of
assembly, hardware, and anchorage or connection to other work.
B.
Submittals shall include detailed descriptive literature of manufactured items

specified herein.
Quality Assurance
A.
Fabrication and installation procedures shall conform to the specifications and

practices of the American Institute of Steel Construction.
PART 2 - MATERIALS
3.1
General
A.
05/2005
Standard Structural Steel Shapes and Plates shall be in conformance with

ASTM A-36.
05500-1
STRUCTURAL STEEL
SECTION 05500
B.
Steel Pipe shall be in conformance with ASTM A-53, Type E or S, Grade A or
B.C.Cast Iron shall be in conformance with ASTM A-48, Class 30, unless
otherwise indicated. D. Fastenings shall be in conformance with Section 232(d),
(e) and (f) of the VDOT specifications.
2.2
C.
Welding Electrodes shall be as permitted by AWS Code D1.0.
D.
The primers shall be as specified in Section 09900: Protective Coatings.
Pipe Handrails
A.
General
Pipe handrails shall be galvanized steel pipe in conformance with Sections 233
of the VDOT Specifications. The rails shall be standard weight and the post
shall be extra strong steel pipe. Standard or special fittings shall be used or the
joints may be welded. Painting of railings shall meet the requirements of
Section 09900.
B.
Rail and Post Spacing

Post spacing shall not exceed 7' on center. Unless shown otherwise on the
drawings, the top rail shall be located at a height of 3' 6-inch, (4'6-inch for bike
trails), except stair runs shall have top rail at a height of 3' 6-inch and enclosed
stair landings shall have top rail at a height of 3' 0-inch. Intermediate rails shall
be located as shown on the Construction Standard R-3.1.
2.3
Gratings
All gratings shall be as indicated on the standard drawings.

2.4
Expansion Bolts
A.
Bolts shall be Wej-It concrete anchors as manufactured by Wej-It

Expansion Products, Inc., Broomfield, Col., Taper Bolt as manufactured by
U.S. Expansion Bolt Co., York, Pa., or approved equal.
Self-drilling expansion anchors where called for on the plans shall be Red
Heads as manufactured by the Phillips Drill Co., Michigan City, Indiana, or
approved equal.
Contractor shall submit certified test reports establishing shear and tensile pull
out for the anchors used.
B.
05/2005
Bolts shall be of the same type as the members which they support, that is Type
2024-T6 alloy for aluminum shapes and hot dipped galvanized steel for
structural steel shapes. Stainless steel bolts shall be used in all process units.
05500-2
STRUCTURAL STEEL
SECTION 05500
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.1
General
A.
B.
3.2
3.3
Furnish all bolts, nuts, screws, clips, washers, and any other fasteners necessary
for proper installation of items specified or called for on the approved plans.
For ferrous metal, use stainless steel or galvanized on exterior. On interior,
match adjacent material.
Metal for shop-fabricated items shall be well formed to shape and size, with
crisp lines or angles. Shearing and punching shall leave clean, true lines and
surfaces. Weld permanent connections and grind smooth where exposed to
view. Dress all sharp edges.
C.
Verify all measurements at job.
D.
Field drilled or punched holes; do not use cutting torch. Shearing and punching
shall leave true lines and surfaces.
E.
Construct to sizes indicated using rolled shapes and/or plates as detailed.

Include wall and sill anchors for construction indicated.
F.
Set all work plumb, true, rigid, and neatly trimmed out.
G.
Grout plates, bolts, and similar items with non-shrink grout.
H.
Ship railings with factory-preassembled posts and fittings. Assemble on

location in accordance with manufacturer's instructions, keeping posts plumb
and posts parallel to either horizontal or rake.
I.
Castings subject to foot or street traffic shall have bearing surfaces machined to
prevent rocking and rattling.
J.
Protect all dissimilar metals from galvanized corrosion by pressure tapes,

coatings or isolators.
Welding
A.
Perform all ferrous metal welding in accordance with AWS Code D1.0. Use
only pre-qualified welding procedures in accordance with AWS paragraph
103(a) and only by operators experienced in performing the type of work
indicated.
B.
Weld pipe handrail in accordance with Section 407 of VDOT Specifications.
Bolted Connections
05/2005
05500-3
STRUCTURAL STEEL
SECTION 05500
A.
In general, use bolts for field connections only and then only as detailed.
Provide washers under all heads and nuts bearing on wood. Draw all nuts tight
and nick threads of permanent connections to prevent loosening. Use beveled
washers where bearing is on sloped surfaces.
B.
3.4
Provide grating with necessary minimum clearances and fit so as to lie flat and
not rock in any fashion. Provide U-clips in each corner of the grating sections.
Protection of Surfaces
A.
Provide protection by strippable coating, protective sleeves, polyethylene

sheets, boarding, or other suitable means during fabrication, shipment, site
storage, and erection to prevent damage to the finished work due to stains,
discolorations, scratches, or any other cause. Replace damaged elements at no
expense to the County.
B.
After installation, and after danger of subsequent damage has passed, remove
all protective coverings from all exposed surfaces, and clean those surfaces of
all soil and discoloration, ready for acceptance.

4.1
Handrails shall be measured in linear feet installed. Payment shall include all labor,
equipment and materials necessary for a complete installation.
4.2
Structural steel, including beams, girders, and miscellaneous steel, will be pain for at
the contract lump sum price or when specified in pounds of metal in the fabricated
structure.
4.3
No separate measurement and payment will be made for other work under this section.
It shall be considered a subsidiary obligation of the Contract under other work to which
it relates.
05/2005
05500-4
SECTION 06100
STRUCTURAL TIMBER AND LUMBER
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1
Description of Work
Provide all labor, material and equipment to furnish and construct with structural timber and
lumber as called for on the approved plans and specified herein. The work includes timber and
lumber construction and all other incidental construction.
1.2

1.3
A.
American Lumber Standards
B.
(VDOT)
1.4
A. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)
B. National Forest Products Association (NFPA)
1.5
Product Handling
All structural timber and lumber shall be delivered, stored, handled and installed in a manner
to prevent twisting, warping or other damage that would preclude satisfactory installation.
PART 2 - MATERIALS
2.1
Structural timber and lumber shall conform to Section 236 of the VDOT
Specifications.
2.2
Where treated timber or lumber is required, the preservative and treatment shall be as
specified in Section 09800 of these specifications titled: Wood Preservatives.
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.1
Inspection
05/2005
06100-1
SECTION 06100
STRUCTURAL TIMBER AND LUMBER
Timber and lumber shall be grade marked in accordance with grading rules and basic
provisions of the American Lumber Standards by a lumber grading or inspection bureau of
agency approved by the Engineer.
3.2
Installation
The structural timber of lumber shall be installed properly in the sizes and grades and to the
alignment with fastenings as shown on the approved plans.
All timber and lumber will be measured in units of 1,000 feet-board-measure (MFBM) based
on nominal sizing for the materials actually placed in the finished structure according to the
approved plans or as directed by the Engineer. Payment shall include all labor, materials and
equipment, including preservatives and coatings, necessary for a complete installation.
05/2005
06100-2
SECTION 07100
WATERPROOFING
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1
Description of Work
Provide all plant, labor, equipment and materials to waterproof all sanitary manholes and other
structures subject to hydrostatic head when called for on the approved plans.
1.2

Section 07150 - Damp proofing
1.3

1.4
A. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)
B. American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM)
1.5
Quality Assurance
Provide certified test reports of testing required by referenced specifications.
PART 2 - MATERIALS
2.1
Primer, asphalt, fabric and joint sealers shall conform to Section 213 of the VDOT
Specifications.
2.2
Membrane: System A, B, C or D as specified in Section 214.04 of VDOT

Specifications or preformed elastomeric waterproofing as manufactured by Polyguard
(No. 650), B.F. Goodrich (20 mil vinyl water barrier) or Grace (Bithuthene 3000).
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.1
Waterproof exterior, below grade structures when called for on the approved plans.
3.2
Conform to Section 416 of VDOT Specifications when applying System A, B, C, or D

expect that structures shall be treated as that specified for decks.
3.3
Conform to the manufacturer's printed instructions when applying preformed

elastomeric waterproofing.
05/2005
07100-1
SECTION 07100
WATERPROOFING
05/2005
07100-2
SECTION 07150
DAMPPROOFING
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1
Description of Work
Provide all plant, labor, equipment and materials to damp proof structures not subject to
hydrostatic head when called for on the approved plans.
1.2

Section 07100 - Waterproofing
1.3

1.4
A. American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials (AASHTO)
B. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)
1.5
Quality Assurance
Provide certified test reports of testing required by referenced Specifications.
PART 2 - MATERIALS
Primer and asphalt shall conform to Section 213 of the VDOT Specifications.
PART 3 - EXECUTION
Conform to Section 417 of VDOT Specifications.

05/2005
07150-1
SECTION 09010
PAINTING OF STRUCTURAL STEEL
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1
Description of Work
Provide all labor, materials and equipment for the complete application of paint to new and or
existing ferrous metal structures in the conformance with the requirements of the various
sections of these specifications.
Painting shall conform to the requirements specified in the specifications and where called for
on the approved plans or special provisions.
For safety precautions, the Contractor shall wear protective goggles and masks for the cleaning
and painting of metal structures.
1.2
Related Work
1.3
1.3
A.
B.

(AASHTO)
C.
Steel Structures Painting Council (SSPC)
D.
Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT)
E.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
F.
Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA)
G.
Hazardous Material Transportation Act (HMTA)
H.
United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)
I.
Virginia Department of Health, Solid & Hazardous Waste Management

Division (VDH)
Surfaces not to be Painted
Refer to Section 09900, Paragraph 1.4

1.4
Submittals
Refer to Section 09900, Paragraph 1.5

05/2005
09010-1
SECTION 09010
1.5
Quality Assurance
A. Refer to Section 09900, Paragraph 1.6

B. Steel Structures Painting Council (SSPC):
SSPC-SP1-82
Solvent Cleaning
SSPC-SP2-82
Hand Tool Cleaning
SSPC-SP3-82
Power Tool Cleaning
SSPC-SP6-85
Commercial Blast Cleaning
SSPC-Visual
Pictorial Surface Preparation Standards For Painting Steel
Surfaces
C. To assure quality control and the quality of the paint a representative of the paint
manufacturer shall be present during the initial stages of mixing and application of the
paint system.
1.7
Product Delivery, Storage and Safety Data
Product delivery, storage and safety data shall conform to the manufacturer's specification and
Section 09900, Paragraph 1.7. All containers shall be labeled with:
A.
Manufacturer's Name
B.
Product Name & Number
C.
Batch Number
D.
Date of Manufacturer
1.8
Guarantee
Refer to Section 09900, Paragraph 1.8.

1.9
Weather Conditions
Paint shall be applied only on thoroughly dry surfaces and during periods of favorable weather
conditions. Blasting and/or painting will not be permitted when the atmospheric temperature is
at or below 40oF. in the shade; when the relative humidity exceeds 85% at the site of work or
when weather conditions would prevent obtaining a satisfactory job, such as anticipating rain,
fog or any type of condensation, dust or when it can be anticipated that atmosphere
temperature will drop below 40oF. Painting shall not be permitted on surfaces that are
sufficiently hot to cause blistering or when the surface is damp. The surface should be dry and
at least 5oF above the dew point. Or as specified by the manufacturer.
1.10
Protection Against Damages
The Contractor shall provide protection devices such as tarps, screens, covers, as necessary to
prevent damage to the work, other property, persons, or environment from all cleaning and
painting operations.
05/2005
09010-2
SECTION 09010
A water trap acceptable to the Engineer, shall be furnished and installed on all equipment used
in spray painting.
Paint or paint stains which result in an unsightly appearance on a surface not designated to be
painted shall be removed by the Contractor at his expense and to the satisfaction of the
Engineer.
All painted surfaces that are marred or damaged as a result of the Contractor's operation shall
be repaired by the Contractor, at his expense, with materials and to a condition equal to the
coating specified herein. Upon the completion of all painting operations and any other work
that would cause dust, grease, or any other foreign materials to be deposited upon the painted
surfaces, shall be thoroughly cleaned off to the satisfaction of the Engineer. If traffic
conditions start to cause dust, the Contractor, when directed by the Engineer, shall sprinkle
water or a dust palliative on area of the traveled way to control the problem. No additional
payment will be made for this work.
1.11
Special Stenciling
The date (month and year) of painting shall be stenciled by the Contractor in two locations on
the structure, as directed by the Engineer. The block letters shall be 2 1/2-inch high, and the
paint used shall be in distinct contrast with the background.
PART 2 - MATERIALS
2.1.
Acceptable Manufacturers
The protective coating system specified under this specification is in reference to the Tnemec
Company. Other systems are acceptable provided that they are equal or better than the system
referenced to:
TNEMEC Company Incorporated, Richmond, VA.
Ditsler Company (Manufacturer's representative)
302 West Cary Street
Richmond, VA 23220DC Metro (804)780-3077
2.2
Paint Materials
The paint for new or existing structural steel or other metal surfaces shall conform to the
requirements of this section, unless otherwise specified on the plans or in the special
provisions. The following descriptions apply to the TNEMEC system for primers, and top coat
coating profile. Other systems will be accepted if proven to be equal or better than the system
specified in this section.
Coating
90-97 Tneme-Zinc:
Zinc-Rich organic
moisture cured
05/2005
Description
A two-component moisture cured urethane primer
09010-3
SECTION 09010

zinc-rich primer, used in conjunction with
chemical and corrosion resistant top coats. When
used as a shop primer, may be recoated the same
day.
Conforms to SSPC-PS 12.01.
Endura-Shield III
Series 73:
High build
acrylic polyurethane
2.3
2.4
A high-solids, high-build, fast-drying coating that

is highly resistant to abrasion, corrosive fumes
and chemical contact. Can be applied in a single
coat directly to properly applied organic zinc-rich
primers and other compatible coatings without
the use of an intermediate or tie coat. Provides
long-term color and gloss retention.
Material Preparation
A.
Do not use any material older than the manufacturer's recommended shelf life.
B.
Mix and thin materials according to manufacturer's latest printed instructions.
C.
Do not use mixed materials beyond manufacturer's recommended pot life.
Paint System
Unless specified in the plans or special provisions, it is understood that the coating application
for primers, intermediate coats and top coats received shall be as recommended by the
manufacturer. The minimum acceptable thickness is that enclosed in the parenthesis.
A.
System 1
Produced by TNEMEC
Primer- 9097 Tneme-Zinc

SURFACE PREPARATION
(SSPC-SP6)
Commercial Blast Cleaning
COLOR
Reddish-Gray
METALLIC ZINC CONTENT
83% by weight in dry applied film
SOLID BY VOLUME
63.0% +2.0% (Mixed)
THEORETICAL COVERAGE
1003 mil sq. ft. per gallon
DRY FILM THICKNESS
2.5 to 3.5 mils per coat
CURING TIME
At 75oF To handle: 1 hour

To recoat: 4 hours
05/2005
09010-4
SECTION 09010
TEMPERATURE RESISTANCE
(Dry) Continuous 250oF

Intermittent 300oF
SPECIAL QUALIFICATIONS
This product meets the requirements of

the United States Department of
Agriculture for use in federally inspected
meat and poultry processing plants
Intermediate Coat (None applicable with this system)

Top Coat - Series 73 Endura Shield III
SURFACE PREPARATION
Prepare surfaces by method suitable for exposure

and surface (see prime coat data). All surfaces
must be dry and clean.
COLORS
Refer to Tnemec CHROMACOLORS
FINISHES
Semi-gloss
SOLIDS BY VOLUME*
58.0 + 2.0% (Mixed)
THEORETICAL COVERAGE*
930 mil. sq. ft. per gallon
DRY FILM THICKNESS
3.0 to 5.0 mils per coat
CURING TIME - AT 75oF
To touch: 1 hour
To handle: 5 hours
To recoat: 12 hours
To resist moisture condensation:
3 to 6 hours
TEMPERATURE RESISTANCE
(Dry) Continuous 170oF. Intermittent 200F
MIXING RATIO
By volume-Four (Part A) to One (Part B)
CHEMICAL RESISTANCE
Organic Acids
Mineral Acids
Oxidizing Agents
Alkali Solutions
FREQUENT CONTACT
Alcohols
Aliphatic Hydrocarbons
Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Salt Solutions
Ketones
05/2005
09010-5
Fresh Water
Waste Water
Mineral Oils
Vegetable Oils
SECTION 09010
*Values may vary with color.

2.5
Performance Criteria
This product will meet or exceed the following test requirements

90-97 Tneme-Zinc
Type: Zinc-rich Urethane Primer
Adhesion
Method:
System:
Requirement:
Method:
Surface
Preparation:
System:
Requirement:
Elcometer Adhesion Tester (0 to 1,000 psi). Coating applied to

sandblasted steel panels and cured 7 days at 77oF./50% R.H.
90-8 One-Coat 90-97 Tneme-Zinc.
Not less than 800 psi pull, average of three trials.
ASTM D 3359 (Method B). Substrate: 4-inch x 12-inch x 1/8inch steel panels.
SSPC-SP10.
90-8 One-Coat 90-97 Tneme-Zinc cured 7 days at
77oF./50% R.H.
No less than a rating of 5, average of three trials.
Salt Spray (Fog)

Method:
ASTM B117-73. System: 90-8 One-Coat 90-97 Tneme-Zinc.
Requirement:
Method:
No blistering, cracking, softening or delamination of film. No

rust creepage at scribe and no rusting at edges after 3,000 hours
of exposure.
ASTM B 117-73.
System:
90-97 Tneme-Zinc/Series 73
Endura-Shield III.
Requirement :
No blistering, cracking, softening or delamination of film. No

more than 1/16-inch rust creepage at scribe and no rusting at
edges after 3,000 hours of exposure.
Series 73 Endura-Shield III

Type:
Abrasion Resistance:
05/2005
High-Build Acrylic Polyurethane Enamel

Federal Test Method Std. No. 141, Method 6192, CS-17 Wheel,
1,000 gram load. No more than 95 mg. loss after 1,000 cycles.
09010-6
SECTION 09010
Adhesion:
ASTM D 3359 Method B (Crosshatch Adhesion). Coating

systems applied to sandblasted steel panels and cured 30 days @
77oF. Not less than a rating of 5, average of three tests.
Humidity:
ASTM D 2247-68. No blistering, cracking, softening or

delamination of film after 600 hours exposure.
Salt Spray:
ASTM B 117-73. No blistering, cracking, softening or

delamination of film. No rust creep age at scribe and no more
than one percent rusting at edges after 1,000 hours exposure.
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.1
Inspection
Refer to Section 09900 - PART 3.1
3.2
A.
Make visual comparison of cleanliness or prepared surfaces with pictorial

standards in accordance with SSPC-VIS-1.
B.
Measure dry film thickness using a magnetic film thickness gage in accordance
with SSPC-PA2.
Surface Preparation
All surfaces of new or existing structural steel or other metals to be painted shall be blast
cleaned unless otherwise specified in the special provisions, or approved in writing by the
Engineer.
In repainting existing steel structures the method of cleaning will be specified in the special
provisions. Any damage to sound paint on areas not designated for treatment, resulting from
the Contractor's operations shall be repaired by him at his expense to the satisfaction of the
Engineer.
3.3
Blast Cleaning
Surfaces prepared by Commercial Blast Cleaning shall be in accordance with SSPC-SP6. The
blast cleaning shall remove all rust, mill scale and other substances down to bright metal.
Special attention shall be given to cleaning of corners and reentrant angles. Before painting,
sand adhering to the metal in the corners and elsewhere shall be removed. The cleaning shall
be approved by the Engineer prior to any painting. Bare metal shall be prime painted as soon
as practicable after it is cleaned. All surface will be primed the same day they are blast
cleaned. Any reblasted that is required will be done by the Contractor at his expense.
Abrasive used for blast cleaning shall meet all local state and federal specifications,
regulations and laws to produce satisfactory results. The Anchor Pattern on the blast surface
shall not exceed 1 1/2 to 2 mils.
05/2005
09010-7
SECTION 09010
3.4
Disposal and Removal of Lead Primer
All lead base primer shall be blasted off the structure, in accordance with OSHA
(Occupational Safety and Health Administration) health and safety regulations. The
regulations are outlined in the code of federal regulations section 1910.1025 Lead.
The Contractor will have all testing required by regulations or by the selected waste hauler or
landfill, such as Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure Testing (TCLP Testing), or
subsequent testing required by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) or local
or state regulations, to determine proper treatment and/or disposal requirements, including any
follow-up testing, shall be done at the Contractor's expense. The Cost of all disposal on shall
be paid for by the Contractor. Copies of all manifests, testing results and treatment procedure
documents as shall be sent to the County.
The citizen and environmental protection will conform to all Local, State and Federal
specifications, regulations, and laws governing the removal of lead paint. Each site will be
reviewed for compliance with environmental and industrial containment standards and safe
guards.
List of Agencies to contact:
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
Environmental Protection Agency (E.P.A.)
Water Pollution (Arlington County)
Environmental Health (Arlington County)
Hazardous Waste Violation, Health Dept. (VA)
VA. State Air Pollution Control Board
3.5
(202) 523-9655
(202) 260-4134
(703) 228-6820
(703) 228-4826
(804) 225-2667
(703) 644-0311
Notification
The Contractor shall notify the Engineer in writing, at least one week in advance of the date
that cleaning and painting operations are to begin.
3.6
Coating Schedule
First coat:
Series 90-97 Tneme-Zinc at 2.5 - 3.5 dry mils. (Note: two coats of primer
applied to severely rusted areas, bolts, bearing areas, pitted areas at a minimum
of 2 feet from beam end as determined by the Engineer. Brush apply first full
coat forcing material into these areas).
Second coat: Series 73 Endura-Shield III at 3 - 5 dry mils.

3.7
Method
Painting shall be done in a neat and workmanlike manner. Unless otherwise specified, paint
shall be applied by conventional air spray, airless spray brush or any combination thereof.
Refer to the manufacturer's recommendation on the application of their painting system.
05/2005
09010-8
SECTION 09010
3.8
A.
Apply a smooth, uniform coat, free of any skips, holidays, runs, sags, dry spray
or any other film defects. Correct the deficiencies before the succeeding
application.
B.
On all surfaces that are inaccessible for painting by regular means, the paint
shall be applied by sheep skin daubers, bottle brushes or any means approved
by the Engineer.
C.
Do not apply successive coats until the Engineer has completed inspection.
Succeeding coats shall be applied within the following 24 hours. A minimum of
30 minutes shall elapse between applications or as specified by the
manufacturer. Refer to the manufacturer's specification on application of
succeeding coats.
Curing
Allow the prime coat to cure a minimum of 12 hours, or as specified by the manufacturer,
before top coating.
The top coat shall be applied within 24 hours, or as specified by the manufacturer, to minimize
contamination.
Refer to the manufacturer's recommendations or curing time for their brands of paints.
3.9
Field Painting
Surfaces which will be inaccessible after erection shall be cleaned free from any foreign
material and painted prior to erection with such field coats as are called for on the plans or
specified in the special provisions or authorized by the Engineer. Field painting, except for
retouching, shall be performed only after all form work, such as concrete, is completed and the
forms removed. When the paint applied for retouching has thoroughly dried, such field coats
as called for on the plans or authorized shall be applied. However, no coat of paint shall be
applied until the preceding coat has dried. Paint shall be considered dry when another coat can
be applied without the development of any film irregularities.
To secure a minimum coating on edges of plates or shapes, bolt heads and nuts and other parts
subjected to special wear and attack, the edges, shall first be stripped with a longitudinal
motion and the bolt heads and nuts with a rotary motion, followed immediately by the general
painting of the whole surface, including the edges and bolt heads nuts.
If traffic produces an objectionable amount of dust, the Contractor shall allay the dust for the
necessary distance on each side of the structure and take any other precautions necessary to
prevent dust and dirt from coming in contact with freshly painted surfaces or with surfaces
before the paint is applied.
The second field coat shall not be applied in less than 2 days after the first field coat. The
application of the final field coat shall be deferred until after all construction operations which
might mar the finished coat are complete.
05/2005
09010-9
SECTION 09010
The Contractor shall protect adjacent property and pedestrian, vehicular and other traffic upon
or underneath the structure and also all portions of the superstructure and substructure against
damage or disfigurement by the painting operation.

Preparing and painting of structural steel will be measured by the square foot or as noted.
Measurement will be determined along the surface of the actual area painted. Payment shall
be per square foot for preparing and painting structural steel and shall include full
compensation for furnishing all labor, materials, tools, equipment, disposing and incidentals,
and for doing all the work involved in preparing the steel and applying the paint to the surfaces
as shown on the plans, specified in these specifications and the special provisions, and as
directed by the Engineer.
05/2005
09010-10
SECTION 09800
WOOD PRESERVATIVES
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1
Description of Work
Provide all plant, labor, material and equipment to treat piles, structural and miscellaneous
timber called for on the approved plans.
1.2

Section 06100 - Structural Timber & Lumber
1.3
1.4
A.
American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials (AASHTO)
B.
Virginia Department of Transportation, Road and Bridge

Specifications(VDOT)
American Wood Preserver's Association (AWPA)

1.5
Quality Assurance)
Provide certified test reports as required by AASHTO M-133.
PART 2 - MATERIALS
2.1
Materials shall conform to Section 236 of the VDOT Specifications.
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.1
Preparation, treatment and penetration shall conform to Section 236 of the VDOT
Specifications.

05/2005
09800-1
SECTION 09900
PROTECTIVE COATINGS
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1
Provide all labor, materials and equipment for the complete application of protective coatings
for interior and exterior surfaces as required in accordance with these specifications and where
called for on the approved plans.
1.2

1.3
1.4
A.
B.
Steel Structures Painting Council (SSPC0)
Surfaces Not to be Painted
The following surfaces are not to be painted. (If surfaces referenced below are to be coated,
specific instructions will be given on the approved plans.)
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
1.5
Non-ferrous metals; for example - Aluminum Copper Monel Brass

Stainless Steel
Chain link fencing
Concrete walks, curbs
Exterior concrete foundations
Plastic
Brick
Galvanized steel
Submittals
In accordance with Section 03100, submit a complete list of materials and color charts. The
Engineer will select colors.
1.6
Quality Assurance
A.
Primers, intermediate and top coats for each surface shall be supplied by one
manufacturer.
B.
Thinner, solvents, cleaning compounds shall comply fully with the

recommendations of the coatings manufacturer.
05/2005
09900-1
SECTION 09900
C.
1.7
PROTECTIVE COATINGS
The protective coating systems shall be tested and inspected for acceptance in
accordance with Part 3.
Product Delivery, Storage and Handling
Deliver painting materials to the site in the original manufacturer's containers with labels intact
and seals unbroken. Store materials in an area specifically assigned for storage. Storage area
shall be well ventilated and kept locked. Keep storage area clean. Remove oily rags daily and
dispose same properly. Take all necessary precautions to avoid fires.
1.8
Guarantee
Protective coatings shall be guaranteed for a period of one year after acceptance of the project
by the County. Approximately one month prior to the expiration of this guarantee period, the
Engineer will notify the Contractor to coordinate inspection of the coatings. All coatings for
the project shall be inspected and failures repaired at no cost to the County. Normal wear,
abrasion, or physical damage as determined by the Engineer will not be considered as failures.
PART 2 - MATERIALS
2.1
Acceptable Manufacturers
The protective coating systems specified under this section are generic in form. The systems
are manufactured by a number of acceptable manufacturers, no one of which can provide all of
the systems for this contract. It is intended, therefore, that the systems be provided by the
following manufacturers:
Koppers Company,, Pittsburgh, PA
Tnemec Company, Inc., Kansas City, MO
Hughson Chemicals, Lord Corp., Erie, PA
Wise Chemical Company, Pittsburgh, PA
Carboline Company, St. Louis, MO
Pennsbury Coating Corp., Bucks Co., PA
2.2
Paint Materials
The following descriptions apply to the short form identifications of the primers, intermediate
and top coats specified under the various systems of paragraph 2.3 following. Other acceptable
coatings of the above named manufacturers exist, but have not been defined herein.
05/2005
09900-2
SECTION 09900
PROTECTIVE COATINGS
Coating
Description
Coal Tar - Black
High build coal tar solution containing 65% solids by volume.

High build 2-component white coal tar epoxy coating having a
minimum epoxide resin content of 34% by weight in the weight
Two component Polyamide epoxy containing 55% solids by volume.
With exposure at 45o facing ocean exhibit no blistering, cracking
delamination after 36 months' exposure. Exhibits no more than 130
mg. loss after 100 grams load of Federal Test Method Std. No. 141
Method 6192.
Coal Tar Epoxy-White

Epoxy - Polyamide
Eproxy-Primer - Red
Modified Epoxy
Polyurethane Enamel
2.3
Two component polyamide epoxy containing a minimum of 53%

solids by volume having performance equal to the epoxy-polyamide
above.
High build decorative sand texture finish suitable for use on new and
previously painted concrete and masonry and having 50% minimum
solids by volume. When subject to ASTM D-2247 test for humidity
will exhibit no blistering, softening, or loss of film integrity, or
change in color after 1,000 hours.
Two component aliphatic polyurethane highly-resistant to abrasion;
corrosive fumes, moisture and chemical contact and containing a
minimum of 50% solids by volume. Shall show no blistering,
cracking, softening or delamination of film after 5,000 hours'
exposure (ASTM D-2247 humidity) and shall meet the abrasion and
gloss test of the polyurethane aliphatic-1.
Paint Systems
Unless specified otherwise, it is understood that each stage of coating (primer, intermediate
and top) receives only 1 coat. Note that the dry film thicknesses specified denotes the average.
The minimum acceptable for the thickness tests are noted in parenthesis ().
A.
Concrete and Masonry

1.
System A-1
Interior Immersion
Primer
Epoxy-Polyamide
5.0 mils d.f.t.

(4.0 mils minimum)
FINAL COAT
Polyurethane Enamel
Semi-gloss (color)
2.
05/2005
2.0 mils d.f.t.

(1.5 mils minimum)
Systems A-4
09900-3
SECTION 09900
PROTECTIVE COATINGS
Interior - Immersion or Non-immersion - Storm or Sewer Structures when

specifically called for on the approved drawings.
1 COAT
Coal Tar Epoxy White
3.
System A-3
Interior Walls or Exterior Walls Above Grade
FINISH COAT
Modified Epoxy
minimum)
4.
22.0 mils d.f.t.

(20.0 mils minimum)
10.0 mils d.f.t. (8.0 mils
System A-5
Exterior Walls to be Backfilled
PRIMER
Coal Tar - black
15.0 mils d.f.t.
FINAL COATS
Coal Tar - black
15.0 mils d.f.t.
Total:
B.
30.0 mils d.f.t.

(27.0 mils minimum)
Steel and Iron

1.
System B-1
Non-Immersion - Severe Corrosive Condition
PRIMER
Epoxy - Polyamide
5.0 mils d.f.t.
(semi-gloss)
(4.0 mils minimum)
TOP COAT
Polyurethane Enamel
(semi-gloss - color)
2.
2.0 mils d.f.t.

(1.5 mils minimum)
System B-2
Non-Immersion - Mild Corrosive Condition
PRIMER
Epoxy Primer - Red
4.0 mils d.f.t. (3.0 mils minimum)
TOP COAT
Epoxy - Polyamide
05/2005
5.0 mils d.f.t. (4.0 mils minimum)

09900-4
SECTION 09900
C.
2.4
PROTECTIVE COATINGS
Wood
1.
System C-1
All Exposures
PRIMER AND TOP COAT
Epoxy - Polyamide - 2 coats
2.5 mils d.f.t.(2.0 mils min.) each

coat
Galvanizing
A.
All exterior and/or interior steel work, where indicated on the Contract
Documents, shall be galvanized by the hot-dip process, conforming to ASTM
A-386 for assembled steel products. All required hot-dip galvanizing shall be
done after fabrication, in the largest sections possible. Items too large for
available dip tanks shall be sprayed, by approved methods, with molten zinc to
coating thickness of .003 inch to .004 inch.
B.
Weight of zinc coating per square foot of actual surface shall average not less
than 2.0 ounces and no individual specimen shall show less than 1.8 ounces.
C.
All bolts and screws for attachment of galvanized items shall be galvanized or
non-corrodible material.
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.1
Inspection
A.
Complete records shall be kept by the Contractor and furnished to the Engineer.
These records shall identify the particular paints that were applied to a surface,
the date of application, area coated, climatic conditions, and the following postapplication quality control data:
1.
Wet film thickness: 3 readings per 100 sq. ft.
2.
Dry film thickness: 1 reading per 250 sq. ft.
B.
3.2
Repair all damaged coated areas, holidays and thickness test areas in
accordance with the coating manufacturer's recommendations so that the
repaired area is equal to the undamaged coated areas in all respects.
Surface Preparation
All surfaces to be coated shall be cleaned, free of harmful scale, rust, dirt, oil, grease,
moisture, concrete mortar, loose and damaged coatings and all foreign matter.
A.
05/2005
Concrete:
Concrete shall be fully cured prior to coating. Fully cured shall be defined as
28 days at75oF or 49 days at 50oF or 53 days at 50oF. Rebuild rough,
chemically attacked and/or abraded surfaces. Rebuild concrete surfaces
09900-5
SECTION 09900
PROTECTIVE COATINGS
containing air, water pits, splatter, fins, protrusions, bulges, or other surface
irregularities while the concrete is still green.
B.
Steel and Iron:

1.
Remove all weld splatter. Grind all edges, projections, sharp corners
and welds to a smooth, rounded contour.
2.
Remove oil and grease from surfaces by solvent cleaning in accordance

with the Steel Structures Painting Council Specifications (SSPC).
3.
Abrasive blast steel and iron surfaces in accordance with SSPC-SP-20

(Near-White Blast).
In areas where blasting is not feasible, obtain the approval of the
Engineer to use power tool cleaning in accordance with SSPC-SP-3.
4.
5.
Remove dust and spent sand from the surfaces after sand blasting by
brushing and vacuum cleaning.
6.
Apply the prime coat as soon as possible after the preparation is

complete and before the dew point is reached. All surfaces blasted and
power-tooled in one day shall be coated on the same day. Leave whipblast or power tool areas exposed overnight.
C.
Galvanized Steel Surfaces:

Conform to ASTM A-384 and A-385 (Recommend Practices) pertaining to
galvanizing assembled steel products. Unless otherwise permitted, do all
galvanizing after fabrication, in largest sections practicable. Where galvanizing
is removed by welding or other assembly procedure, touch up abraded areas
with molten zinc or zinc-rich paint.
D.
Concrete or Cinder Block:

Concrete or cinder block substrates shall be clean, dry and free of oils and
release agent contaminants. If necessary, spot clean with solvent and wash with
strong detergent and warm water. Flush with high pressure water and allow to
dry for approximately one hour before application.
E.
Brick:
Clean off all mortar, uneven loose or detrimental foreign matter. Apply a
cleaning compound approved by the coating manufacturer. Allow to stand on
the brick for at least 15 minutes. Thoroughly remove the cleaning compound
by high pressure spray delivering 1 to 3 gpm at 1,000 psig. Allow to dry for at
least one hour and paint as soon as possible after drying.
F.
Wood:
Maintain the surface in a clean and dry manner. Fill cracks and nail holes with
putty after the first coat has been applied. Seal knots and sap streaks with
material approved by the manufacturer. Sand surfaces to a fine smooth finish.
05/2005
09900-6
SECTION 09900
3.3
PROTECTIVE COATINGS
Application
A.
Mix all paint and tinting colors in strict accordance with the specifications of
the paint manufacturer. Except for epoxies, mix paints at storage area and
deliver to the site ready-mixed.
B.
Apply coatings uniformly and in a continuous film by brush or spray, leaving

no sags, holidays, pinholes, bubbles or other defects. Coatings judged
unsatisfactory by the Engineer's representative shall be corrected at no
additional cost to the County.
C.
Do not apply paint when the surrounding air temperature, as measured in the
shade, is below 50oF or less than 5oF above the dew point. Do not apply paint
to wet or damp surfaces or when the humidity exceeds 85%.
D.
Vary the colors of successive coats.
E.
Do not apply successive coats until the Engineer has completed inspection.
F.
All shop galvanized steel work necessitating field welding which in any manner
removes original galvanizing shall be restored by field cold galvanizing with
Ferraloy, Tin Easy Fluid, 'galvaloy, or approved equal.

05/2005
09900-7
SECTION13130
BUS SHELTERS
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1
Provide all labor, material and equipment to furnish and install, complete in place, the bus
shelter in accordance with these specifications and to the lines, grades and dimensions shown
on the approved plans.
1.2

PART 2 - MATERIALS
2.1
Bus Shelter Unit
The bus shelter shall be either an Arlington County type or a Metro type bus passenger shelter
as specified on the plans. The Metro type bus shelter will be provided by Washington Metro
Area Transit Authority (WMATA). The Arlington County bus shelter shall be furnished by the
Contractor, unless otherwise specified on the approved plans.
2.2
Paint
Paint for the Metro shelter shall be custom blend, Metro Brown, available from MAB Paint
Co., 3312 Wisconsin Ave. NW, Washington, DC, Phone: (202) 966-5445.
2.3
Concrete Pad
The concrete pad and aggregate base shall be in conformance with Section 02611 of these
specifications.
2.4
Pavers
Pavers when specified on the approved plans, shall match the adjacent sidewalk and be as
specified in Section 02612 and on the plans.
PART 3 EXECUTION
3.1
05/2005
The Contractor is responsible for the pick-up and delivery of the Metro
passenger shelter unit from the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit
Authority. Three weeks prior to installation, contact the Arlington County,
Department of Environmental Services, Planning Division at 228-3681 to
arrange for pick-up and directions.
13130-1
SECTION13130
BUS SHELTERS
3.2
The unit is to be mounted on a 4-inch thick concrete pad on a 3-inch compacted

aggregate base. Construct concrete pad in accordance with Section 02611.
When pavers are specified on approved plans, lay pavers in accordance with
Section 02612. Match elevation of pavers or concrete pad with adjacent
sidewalk and provide 1/4-inch/ft positive drainage to street. Extend anchor
bolts from concrete base pad through pavers to mount on shelter brackets.
3.3
Install bus shelter in accordance with the approved plans and the details
provided in these specifications.
3.4
Paint the Metro bus shelter in accordance with Section 09900 and
manufacturer's application instructions.

Bus shelters shall be measured as each. Payment will be at the unit price stated in the bid
proposal and shall include all materials, labor and incidentals necessary for a complete
installation of the bus shelter unit and the supporting concrete pad.
05/2005
13130-2

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ARLINGTON COUNTY

CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS & SPECIFICATIONS

STORM DRAIN STANDARDS

WATER MAIN STANDARDS

SANITARY SEWER STANDARDS

GENERAL PROVSIONS AND REQUIREMENTS

SECTION 01000 - GENERAL PROVISIONS AND REQUIREMENTS

GENERAL PROVSIONS AND REQUIREMENTS

American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials

American Concrete Institute

American Institute of Steel Construction

American National Standard Institute

American Society for Testing and Materials

American Wood Preservers Association

American Welding Society

American Water Works Association

GENERAL PROVSIONS AND REQUIREMENTS

National Fire Protection Association

National Forest Products Association

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

Steel Structures Painting Council

Virginia Department of Transportation

Wire Reinforcement Institute

Arlington County Traffic Signal & Streetlight Specifications

7. Applicable Ordinances for Environmental Services and Building Construction

GENERAL PROVSIONS AND REQUIREMENTS

Garbage, Refuse and Weeds

Motor Vehicles and Traffic

Plumbing and Gas Codes

Street Development and Construction

Flood Plain Management

Underground Utilities Protection

Erosion and Sediment Control

Storm water Detention

8. Use of Virginia Department of Transportation Specifications

GENERAL PROVSIONS AND REQUIREMENTS

GENERAL PROVSIONS AND REQUIREMENTS

14. Protection of Work and Property

GENERAL PROVSIONS AND REQUIREMENTS

16. Permission to Work on Highways and Across Utilities

SUBMITTALS AND SUBMISSIONS

SECTION 01300 SUBMITTALS AND SUBSTITUTIONS

SUBMITTALS AND SUBMISSIONS

SUBMITTALS AND SUBMISSIONS

e. The County will bear no additional expense as a result of any Substitution.

SUBMITTALS AND SUBMISSIONS

Related Requirements Specified Elsewhere

PART IV MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT

TEMPORARY EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL

SECTION 01500 TEMPORARY EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL

TEMPORARY EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL

TEMPORARY EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL

PART 4 - MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT

CLEARING AND GRUBBING

SECTION 02100 CLEARING AND GRUBBING

CLEARING AND GRUBBING

CLEARING AND GRUBBING

PART 4 - MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT

SECTION 02200 EARTHWORK

20. Backfill for Pipelines