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    Chapter 1 (PLC)

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    Kibria Prangon
    This document provides an overview of programmable logic controllers (PLCs). It discusses that PLCs are industrial computers that can be programmed to perform control functions, eliminating much of the hardwiring of conventional relay systems. PLCs are designed to operate reliably in industrial environments. The document describes the components of a PLC including a programming device to enter programs using ladder logic, and that PLCs simulate functions internally through software rather than physical components. It outlines the advantages of PLCs over conventional hardwired systems such as easier programming and reprogramming.

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    Chapter 1 (PLC)

    Uploaded by

    Kibria Prangon
    289 views9 pages
    This document provides an overview of programmable logic controllers (PLCs). It discusses that PLCs are industrial computers that can be programmed to perform control functions, eliminating much of the hardwiring of conventional relay systems. PLCs are designed to operate reliably in industrial environments. The document describes the components of a PLC including a programming device to enter programs using ladder logic, and that PLCs simulate functions internally through software rather than physical components. It outlines the advantages of PLCs over conventional hardwired systems such as easier programming and reprogramming.

    Original Description:

    Programmable Logic Controller Introduction

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    This document provides an overview of programmable logic controllers (PLCs). It discusses that PLCs are industrial computers that can be programmed to perform control functions, eliminating much of the hardwiring of conventional relay systems. PLCs are designed to operate reliably in industrial environments. The document describes the components of a PLC including a programming device to enter programs using ladder logic, and that PLCs simulate functions internally through software rather than physical components. It outlines the advantages of PLCs over conventional hardwired systems such as easier programming and reprogramming.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    289 views9 pages

    Chapter 1 (PLC)

    Uploaded by

    Kibria Prangon
    This document provides an overview of programmable logic controllers (PLCs). It discusses that PLCs are industrial computers that can be programmed to perform control functions, eliminating much of the hardwiring of conventional relay systems. PLCs are designed to operate reliably in industrial environments. The document describes the components of a PLC including a programming device to enter programs using ladder logic, and that PLCs simulate functions internally through software rather than physical components. It outlines the advantages of PLCs over conventional hardwired systems such as easier programming and reprogramming.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    At a glance
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    The key takeaways are that a PLC is an industrial grade computer that can be programmed to perform control functions like relays and eliminate hardwiring. It has inputs and outputs and is designed to operate in industrial environments.

    The main components of a PLC are a processor, memory, power supply, and input/output modules. A programming device is used to enter programs using ladder logic which uses graphic symbols. Internally, the PLC simulates relays, counters, timers through registers.

    Advantages of a PLC include easier programming than wiring, ability to reprogram, takes less space, is more reliable and easier to maintain, can connect to computer systems easier, and can perform more control functions than relays.

    IPE 301

    Measurement, Instrumentation and Control


    Programmable Logic Controller
    Chapter 1
    An Overview

    Md. Gulam Kibria


    Lecturer, Dept. of IPE, BUET

    Introduction
    A programmable logic controller (PLC) is an industrial
    grade computer that is capable of being programmed to
    perform control functions.
    The programmable controller has eliminated much of the
    hardwiring associated with conventional relay control
    circuits.

    The programmable logic controller is designed for


    multiple input and output arrangements, extended
    temperature ranges, immunity to electrical noise, and
    resistance to vibration and impact.

    Introduction
    The programmable logic controller is, then, basically a
    digital computer designed for use in machine control.
    Unlike a personal computer, it has been designed to
    operate in the industrial environment and is equipped with
    special input/output interfaces and a control programming
    language.

    Relays have to be hardwired to perform a specific function.


    When the system requirements change, the relay wiring
    has to be changed or modified.

    Components of a PLC

    A programming device is used to enter the desired program


    into the memory of the processor. The program can be entered
    using relay ladder logic, which is one of the most popular
    programming languages. Instead of words, ladder logic
    programming language uses graphic symbols that show their
    intended outcome. Relay ladder logic (RLL) is the standard
    programming language used with PLCs.

    Components of a PLC
    We can actually consider the PLC to be a box full of hundreds or
    thousands of separate relays, counters, timers and data storage locations.

    Do these counters, timers, etc. really exist?


    No, they don't "physically" exist but rather they are simulated and
    can be considered software counters, timers, etc.

    These internal relays are simulated through bit locations in registers.

    Advantages of PLC
    There are significant advantages in using a PLC rather than conventional
    hardwired relays, timers, counters, and other hardware elements. These

    advantages include:
    (1) Programming the PLC is easier than wiring the relay control panel;
    (2) The PLC can be reprogrammed whereas conventional controls must

    be rewired and are often scrapped instead;


    (3) PLCs take less floor space than do relay control panels;
    (4) Reliability of the PLC is greater and maintenance is easier;

    (5) The PLC can be connected to computer systems more easily than relays
    (6) PLCs can perform a greater variety of control functions than can relay
    controls

    PLC Scan Cycle


    A PLC works by continually scanning a program.
    We can think of this scan cycle as consisting of 3
    important steps.
    Step 1-CHECK INPUT STATUS-First the PLC takes
    a look at each input to determine if it is on or off. In
    other words, is the sensor connected to the first input
    on? How about the second input? How about the third...
    It records this data into its memory to be used during
    the next step.
    Step 2-EXECUTE PROGRAM-Next the PLC executes your program one
    instruction at a time. Maybe your program said that if the first input was on then it
    should turn on the first output. Since it already knows which inputs are on/off from
    the previous step it will be able to decide whether the first output should be turned
    on based on the state of the first input. It will store the execution results for use
    later during the next step.
    Step 3-UPDATE OUTPUT STATUS-Finally the PLC updates the status of the
    outputs. It updates the outputs based on which inputs were on during the first step
    and the results of executing your program during the second step.

    Relays

    We can actually consider the PLC to be a box full of hundreds or

    thousands of separate relays, counters, timers and data storage locations.


    Do these counters, timers, etc. really exist?
    No, they don't "physically" exist but rather they are simulated and

    can be considered software counters, timers, etc.


    These internal relays are simulated through bit locations in registers.

    The Program Scan

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