MKT and Media
MKT and Media
MKT and Media
Ekstrom and P
LI1'Z
TO a LOCAL ACNETWORK
Lamell
ABSTRACT
The paper describes a new concept for
tapping off a small amount of power from a
high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission line to a local network. The proposed
new concept for a series tapping implies
power conversion in two steps from the line
to a local ac network. This will make it
possible to the use a single phase transformer between the dc line potential and
ground. The converter bridge connected in
series in the dc transmission is of the current source line-commutated type, while the
other two converters are of the voltagesource forced-commutated type. The basic
functions of the converter are described and
illustrated by the results from simulations
with the EMTP program.
INTRODUCTION
The HVDC technique has during the 1970th and
1980th been widely accepted as a valuable
complement and alternative to the AC technique for electrical power transmission.
However, the majority of the applications
have so far been two-terminal or point to
point transmissions. The need for and possibility to build multiterminal HVDC transmission have been discussed at least since the
early sixties. Studies have been made regarding the feasibilities of series connection o r parallel connection of the converter
stations on the dc-side. It seems to be a
fairly general consensus that a parallel
or
constant
dc-voltage
connection
multiterminal HVDC scheme is to be preferred, when the power ratings of the different terminals are of the same order of
magnitude. Two such schemes have been build
or is being commissioned, the Sardinic
scheme with a third smaller terminal at CorNew England schemes
sica and the Quebec
with three terminals having almost the same
2200 MW.
power ratings, 2000
127
can be connected either in series or in parallel at the dc-side. In the first case the
tapping station will cause a voltage drop
AUd in the HVDC system determined by
Where P
is the power fed to the
tapping tsMa"t"r,n. In the parallel case we
wili get a reduction in cirrent AId determined by
As
One major advantage with the series alternative compared with the parallel alternative
is that faults and disturbance in the operation of the converter equipment is supposed
to mainly result in a breakdown of the voltFor the parallel alternative on the
age AU
other Rand it always exists a certain risk
that the control of the current AI is lost
at fault or disturbance in the stat?on. This
gives that generally the series alternative
lead to less risk that a disturbance in the
operation of the tapping station will disturb the operation of the whole HVDC system.
In general it seems also that for low power
levels of the tapping station the series alternative will give certain advantage with
regard to the costs for the converter equipment. This is partly due to the fact that it
is easier to design a semiconductor for high
currents than for high voltages.
LINE COMMUTATED AND FORCED COMMUTATED
CONVERTERS
Beside the question if the tapping shall be
connected in series or in parallel on the
dc-side as treated above, it has also to be
decided, which type of converter that is to
be preferred for the conversion from power
in the dc-circuit to ac-power to be fed to
128
The frequency of the single phase commutation voltage can be freely selected taking into account generation of harmonics,
cost and losses of the transformer and
the two single-phase converter bridges.
The intermediate dc-stage will also make
it easy to connect a battery or some
other energy storage element, which might
be required for starting up and short
time power supplies during disturbances
in either the local ac-system or the main
HVDC system.
'4 = &(l2
(7)
The control of the capacitor voltage by control of y at constant values of Idl and I
corresponds to the two upper control blocftla
in fig. 5. The value of yin steady state opcan be calculated
eration with Uc= U
from equation 7, whigegfves
129
EMTP simulations
The function of the tapping station built up
of a circuit according to figure 2 has been
studied by the use of a digital computer
program called EMTP.
The following initial value for currents and
voltages and data for the electrical circuit
have been used.
P= 50 [MW]
0.2)
CONCLUSION
[Ql
Current steD in the dc-line current. The response to a step change with ? 2 0 % ( ? 2 0 0 A)
in the dc-line current has been studied.
Figure 6 shows the recordings from a step
increase of the current at the time instant
2 0 ms. The increased current will cause a
increase in commutation margin and in the
angle of overlap and a decreased direct
voltage component in Udl. For the mathematical equation there have been assumed that
the voltage Uc fs stiff without ripple, this
will gives a difference between the calculated value and the result from the EMTP
simulation.
The voltage Uc will be rather unaffected except for a increase in the ripple content.
This will cause a slight decrease in the acvoltage and current due to a minor deficiency in the control. In a real station
there will be a 6th harmonic filter at the
intermediate dc-stage
A simulation with a step change of - 2 0 8 is
giving a similar result.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The presented study is part of a research
project supported by Vattenfall (Swedish
State Power Board) and ABB Power Systems AB,
Sweden, which is gratefully acknowledged.
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