Chapter 8 Aloy

Problems
() = 0.3375 () + 0.3375 ( 1)
+ 0.3249 ( 1)
The lowpass filter with a cutoff frequency

of 1 rad/sec is given as
() =
1
+1
a. Use () and the BLT to obtain a

corresponding IIR digital lowpass filter
with a cutoff frequency of 30 Hz,
assuming a sampling rate of 200 Hz.
b. Use MATLAB to plot the magnitude and
phase frequency responses of ().
The plots for magnitude and phase frequency

responses:
Magnitude Response
8.2
0.5
10
20
30
40
50
60
Frequency (Hz)
70
80
90
100
10
20
30
40
50
60
Frequency (Hz)
70
80
90
100
0
Phase(degrees)
Solution:
Using MATLAB,
-50
-100
8.4
Consider the normalized lowpass filter

with a cutoff frequency of 1rad/sec:
() =
1
+1
a. Use () and the BLT to obtain a

corresponding IIR digital notch
(bandstop) filter with a lower cutoff
frequency of 20 Hz, an upper cutoff
frequency of 40 Hz, and a sampling rate
of 120 Hz.
phase frequency responses of ().
Output:
Solution:
Using MATLAB,
Hence, the transfer function () is,

() =
0.3375 + 0.3375 1
1 0.3249 1
and the difference equation is,

phase frequency responses.
Solution:
Using MATLAB,
Output:

() =
Output:
0.6340 + 0.6340 2
1 + 0.2679 2

() = 0.6340() + 0.6340( 2)
0.2679( 2)

responses:
() =
Magnitude (dB)
10
0
() = 0.4005() + 0.4005( 1)
+ 0.1989( 1)
-10
-20
-30
-40
10
20
30
Frequency (Hz)
40
50
60

responses:
100
10
50
Magnitude (dB)
Phase (degrees)
0.4005 + 0.4005 1
1 0.1989 1
0
-50
-100
10
20
30
Frequency (Hz)
40
50
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
60
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
Frequency (Hz)
3000
3500
4000
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
Frequency (Hz)
3000
3500
4000
8.6
Design a first-order digital lowpass

Butterworth filter with a cutoff frequency
of 1.5 kHz and a passband ripple of 3 dB at
a sampling frequency of 8 000 Hz.
a. Determine the transfer function and
difference equation.
Phase (degrees)
-50
-100
8.8
Design a third-order digital highpass

of 2 kHz and a passband ripple of 3 dB at a
sampling frequency of 8 000 Hz.
Solution:
Using MATLAB,
8.10
Design a second-order digital bandstop

Butterworth filter with a center frequency
of 1.8 kHz, a bandwidth of 200 Hz, and a
passband ripple of 3 dB at a sampling
frequency of 8 000 Hz.
Solution:
Using MATLAB,
Output:

() =
0.1667 0.5 1 + 0.5 2 0.1667 3

1 + 0.3333 2
Output:
() = 0.1667() 0.5( 1) + 0.5( 2)

0.1667( 3)
0.3333( 2)
responses:
() =
0.9266 0.2899 1 + 0.9266 2

1 0.2899 1 + 0.8532 2
() = 0.9266() 0.2899( 1)
+ 0.9266( 2)
+ 0.2899( 1)
0.8532( 2)
() =

responses:

() = 0.2430() + 0.4861( 1)
+ 0.2430( 2)
+ 0.2457( 1)
0.2755( 2)
10
Magnitude (dB)
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
Frequency (Hz)
3000
3500
4000

responses:
10
0
Magnitude (dB)
Phase (degrees)
100
50
0
-50
-100
0.2430 + 0.4861 1 + 0.2430 2

1 0.2457 1 + 0.2755 2
-10
-20
-30
-40
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
Frequency (Hz)
3000
3500
4000
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
Frequency (Hz)
3000
3500
4000
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
Frequency (Hz)
3000
3500
4000
8.12
Design a second-order digital lowpass

Chebyshev filter with a cutoff frequency of
2 kHz and a passband ripple of 0.5 dB at a
sampling frequency of 8 000 Hz. Use
MATLAB to plot the magnitude and phase
frequency responses.
Phase (degrees)
0
-50
-100
-150
-200
8.14
Solution,
Using MATLAB,
Design a second-order digital bandpass

Chebyshev filter with the following
specifications:
Center frequency of 1.5 kHz
Bandwidth of 200 Hz
0.5 dB ripple on passband
Sampling frequency of 8 000 Hz.
Output:

Solution:
Using MATLAB,
8.16
Design a fourth-order digital lowpass

of 2 kHz and a passband ripple of 3 dB at a
sampling frequency of 8 000 Hz.
Solution:
Using MATLAB,
Output:

() =
0.2543 0.2543 2
1 0.5707 1 + 0.4914 2
Output:

() = 0.2543() 0.2543( 2)
+ 0.5707( 1)
0.4914( 2)
Hence, the transfer function ()

responses:
H() =
Magnitude (dB)
10
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
Frequency (Hz)
3000
3500
4000
100
Phase (degrees)
0.0940+0.3759 1 +0.5639 2 +0.37593 +0.0940 4

1+0.4860 2 +0.0177 4
() = 0.0940() + 0.3759( 1)
+ 0.5639( 2)
+ 0.3759( 3)
+ 0.0940( 4)
0.4860( 2)
0.0177( 4)
50

responses:
0
-50
-100
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
Frequency (Hz)
3000
3500
4000
Hence, the transfer function ()
10
Magnitude (dB)
0.00820.0163 2 +0.0082 4
H() = 11.43981+2.283621.28443+0.79704
-10
-20
-30
-40

0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
Frequency (Hz)
3000
1500
2000
2500
Frequency (Hz)
3000
3500
4000
() = 0.0082() 0.0163( 2)
+ 0.0082( 4)
+ 1.4398( 1)
2.2836( 2)
+ 1.2844( 3)
0.7970( 4)
Phase (degrees)
0
-100
-200
-300
-400
500
1000
3500
4000

responses:
Solution:
Using MATLAB,
10
0
Magnitude (dB)
Design a fourth-order digital bandpass

Chebyshev filter with a center frequency of
1.5 kHz, a bandwidth of 200 Hz, and a 0.5
dB ripple at a sampling frequency of 8 000
Hz.
-10
-20
-30
-40
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
Frequency (Hz)
3000
3500
4000
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
Frequency (Hz)
3000
3500
4000
200
Phase (degrees)
8.18
100
0
-100
-200
8.20
Consider the following Laplace transfer

functions:
() =
Output:
1
+ 3 + 2
a. Determine () and the difference

equation using the impulse invariant
method if the sampling rate = 10 .
b. Use MATLAB to plot the magnitude
frequency response |()| and the
phase frequency response () with
respect to () for the frequency range
from 0 to /2 Hz.
c. Use MATLAB to plot the magnitude
frequency response |( )| =
|( 2 )| and the phase frequency
response () with respect to () for

the frequency range from 0 to /2 Hz.
Using MATLAB for the plots,
Solution:
Taking the inverse Laplace transform of the analog
transfer function,
() = [
1
] = 2
+ 3 + 2
Sampling () with = 1/ = 0.1 second,
[ ()] =

Hence,
0.1
0.1
() =
0.9048 0.8187
Simplifying further yields
or
0.00861
() = 2
1.7235 + 0.7408
() =
0.00861 1
1 1.7235 1 + 0.7408 2
Thus, the difference equation is

() = 0.00861( 1) + 1.7235( 1)
0.7408( 2)
The filter DC gain is given by
( )|=0 = (1) = 0.4977
The filter can then be scaled to have a unit gain of
() =
1
0.00861 1
0.4977 1 1.7235 1 + 0.7408 2
() =
0.0173 1
1 1.7235 1 + 0.7408 2
Scaled Mag. ResponsesMag. Responses
Applying the z-transform,
Output:
Phase (deg.)
() = ()|=
= 0.1 0.1 () 0.1 0.2 ()
8.22
1
0.5
0
0.5
1.5
2
2.5
3
Frequency (Hz)
3.5
4.5
0.5
1.5
2
2.5
3
Frequency (Hz)
3.5
4.5
0.5
1.5
2
2.5
3
Frequency (Hz)
3.5
4.5
1
0.5
0
0
-100
-200
A second-order bandpass filter is required

to satisfy the following specifications:
Sampling rate = 8 000 Hz
3 dB bandwidth: BW = 100 Hz
Narrow passband centered at 0 =2 000 Hz
Zero gain at 0 Hz and 4 000 Hz.
Find the transfer function and the
difference equation by the pole-zero
placement method.
Solution:
Calculate first the required magnitude of the poles,
= 1 (100/8000) = 0.9607,
Use the center frequency to obtain the angle of the
pole location:
2000
=(
) 360 = 90.
8000
() =
or
0.07855( + 1)
0.8429
Compute the unit-gain scale factor as

=
(1 0.96)1 2(0.9607)(cos 180) + 0.962

2|sin 90|
() =
The difference equation can be developed as
= 0.0385
Finally, the transfer function is given by
0.07855 + 0.07855 1
1 0.8429 1
() = 0.07855() + 0.07855( 1)
+ 0.8429( 1)
-
() =
( 2
0.0385( 1)
2(0.9607)(cos 90) + 0.96072
() =
8.26
0.0385 0.0385 2
1 + 0.9229 2

3 dB cutoff frequency: = 3 850 Hz
Zero gain at 0 Hz.
and the difference equation is

placement method.
() = 0.0385() 0.0385( 2)
0.9229( 2)
8.24
A first-order lowpass filter is required to

satisfy the following specifications:
3 dB cutoff frequency: = 200 Hz
Zero gain at 4 000 Hz.
placement method.
Solution:
Since the cutoff frequency of 200 Hz is much less
than /4 = 2000 Hz, we determine the pole as
1 2 (200/8000) = 0.8429
A first-order highpass filter is required to

satisfy the following specifications:
Solution:
Since the cutoff frequency of 3850 Hz is much
larger than /4 = 2000 Hz, we determine the pole
as
(1 + 2 (38500/8000) ) = 0.8822
The unit-gain factor is calculated by
=
(1 0.8822)
= 0.0589
2
The transfer function is given by

() =
or
The unit-gain factor is calculated by

() =
=
(1 0.8429)
= 0.07855
2
The transfer function is given by
0.0589( 1)
+ 0.8822
0.0589 0.0589 1
1 0.8822 1
The difference equation can be developed as

() = 0.0589() 0.0589( 1)
+ 0.08822( 1)
8.28
Given a filter transfer function,

() =
0.3430 2 + 0.6859 + 0.3430

2 + 0.7075 + 0.7313
a. realize the digital filter using direct

form I and using direct form II;
b. determine the difference equations for
each implementation.
Solution:
The transfer function can be rearranged as
() =
0.3430 + 0.6859 1 + 0.3430 2

1 + 0.7075 1 + 0.7313 2
Hence, the difference equation is given by

() = 0.3430() + 0.6859( 1)
+ 0.3430( 2)
0.7075( 1)
0.7313( 2)
Realization using direct form I:
For direct-form II:

0 = 0.3430, 1 = 0.6859, 2 = 0.3430
and 1 = 0.7075, 2 = 0.7313
There are two difference equations required for
the implementation:
() = () 0.7075( 1) 0.7313( 2)
and
() = 0.3430() + 0.6859( 1)
+ 0.3430( 2)
The implementations is:
TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES

938 AURORA BOULEVARD, CUBAO, QUEZON CITY
ECE 122: Advanced Digital Signal Processing
Chapter 8: Problems
Rating
QUIROS, Aloysius Jan P.

EC42FB1
Engr. Francis B. Malit

Instructor
Date: January 25, 2016

Chapter 8 Aloy

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chapter 8 Aloy

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chapter 8 Aloy

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Problems

The lowpass filter with a cutoff frequency

a. Use () and the BLT to obtain a

The plots for magnitude and phase frequency

Consider the normalized lowpass filter

a. Use () and the BLT to obtain a

Hence, the transfer function () is,

and the difference equation is,

b. Use MATLAB to plot the magnitude and

Hence, the transfer function () is,

and the difference equation is,

Hence, the transfer function () is,

The plots for magnitude and phase frequency

and the difference equation is,

The plots for magnitude and phase frequency

Design a first-order digital lowpass

Design a third-order digital highpass

Design a second-order digital bandstop

Hence, the transfer function () is,

0.1667 0.5 1 + 0.5 2 0.1667 3

and the difference equation is,

() = 0.1667() 0.5( 1) + 0.5( 2)

0.9266 0.2899 1 + 0.9266 2

and the difference equation is,

Hence, the transfer function () is,

The plots for magnitude and phase frequency

and the difference equation is,

The plots for magnitude and phase frequency

0.2430 + 0.4861 1 + 0.2430 2

Design a second-order digital lowpass

Design a second-order digital bandpass

a. Determine the transfer function and

Design a fourth-order digital lowpass

Hence, the transfer function () is,

and the difference equation is,

Hence, the transfer function ()

The plots for magnitude and phase frequency

and the difference equation is,

0.0940+0.3759 1 +0.5639 2 +0.37593 +0.0940 4

The plots for magnitude and phase frequency

Hence, the transfer function ()

and the difference equation is,

The plots for magnitude and phase frequency

Design a fourth-order digital bandpass

Consider the following Laplace transfer

a. Determine () and the difference

response () with respect to () for

Using MATLAB for the plots,

Sampling () with = 1/ = 0.1 second,

Thus, the difference equation is

Scaled Mag. ResponsesMag. Responses

Applying the z-transform,

A second-order bandpass filter is required

Compute the unit-gain scale factor as

(1 0.96)1 2(0.9607)(cos 180) + 0.962

The difference equation can be developed as

Sampling rate = 8 000 Hz

and the difference equation is

Find the transfer function and the