Expression of Invitation

Sometimes, we have a situation and have to also invite some of friends to come. There
are many situations that probably happened in our daily life, such as meeting, birthday
party, graduation party etc. of course, we have to make an invitation for our guests. There
will be two answers for them who are invited by us, they may come or accept the
invitation and they may not come or decline the invitation. The situation will be divided
into formal and informal. There is differences expression that is use in the different
context of situation.
Expression to make, accept or decline invitiation

Formal Situation

Informal Situation

Making in vitiation
Would you like to?
I would very happy if?
We would be delighted if you?
Would you care to..?
We would be pleased if you could?
Would you care to?

Making invitation
Why dont you come to..
Like to come to
Come and
Shall we come to
You must come to
Lets go

Accepting invitation
Thats very kind of you
Wed like very much to.
What a delightful idea
With the greatest pleasure
Thank you very much for inviting me
Its delightful to.
With pleasure
Declining invitation
Im very sorry, I dont
Id like to, but .
Im afraid Ive
Already promised.
Thank you for asking me, but .
Unfortunately , I cant.

Accepting invitation
I would/will
That would be very nice
OK,I will be there !
Id like love to come.
All right.
Sure, I am coming

Arif

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Declining invitation
Sort, I cant.
Id love to, but
I dont think I can.
In wish I could, but
Sorry, I am very busy
Sorry, may be next time
Thank you, but I cant
Sorry, I dont think I
Cant make it
Im so sorry I can make
it

Dialogue
Arif : Hi, Tika.
Tika : Hi, Arif. Whats up friend?
Arif : Hmmm, are you doing anything for next week?
Tika : Nothing. Why?
: Hmm, like you know, next week we will have summer vacation to Bali and I think that I
need you to be my date. Would you mind to come along with me?
Tika : Really? Id love it so much.
Arif : Well, I will pick you at 7 a.m next week at school.
Tika : OK. Thanks Arif.
Arif : Youre welcome. Bye Tika and see you next week.
Tika : See you, too. Bye-bye.
What does Arif ask Tika to do ?
Does Tika accept the invitation ?
Write the expression making invitation based on the dialogue !
Write the expression respond invitation based on the dialogue
A : Would you like to come to my party ?
B : . . . (refuse)
a. With pleasure
c. sure
b. Thats very kind of you
d. Im afraid I cant

Expression Bargaining
Bargaining or haggling is a type of negotiation in which the buyer and seller of a good or
service dispute the price which will be paid and the exact nature of the transaction that
will take place, and eventually come to an agreement.
Asking about something we want to buy :
Do you have any shoes ?
Is there any sugar ?
Asking about the price :
How much it is ?
Whats the price of this shoes ?
How much does it cost ?
Asking about the size :
Do you have a large one ?
Can I get a small one ?
Asking about the material :
What kind of material is this bag made of ?
What is it made of ?
Asking about the method of payment :
Can I pay for it by credit card ?
Do you take a credit card ?
Can I pay for it in cash ?
Bargaining :
How about fifty thousand rupiahs ?
Can you make it twenty two thousand rupiahs ?
Can you make it fifty persent off ?
Respond :
Yes, here they are ?
Its seventy nine thousand rupiahs
Here is the small one
Its made of leather
We take credit card
Sorry, we cant give it to you. Its a cotton one
Dialogue
Eli : Good morning. What can I do for you ?
Nike : Morning. Do you have any bags ?
Eli : Yes, here they are. Ate you can choose one of them.
Nike : I like this one. But, do you have a small one ?
I think its too big for me.
Eli : Yes, of course. I have. There are three size for this one.
Nike : What is made of ?
Eli : Its made of skins snake. High quality.
Nike : Yeah, I think its look elegant. Do you have the red one ?
Eli : No, just black and brown.
Nike : How much is it ?
Eli : $GD 350
Nike : How about $GD 300 ?
Eli : Sorry, its too cheaper. It has a good quality.
Nike : How about $GD 330
Eli : Yes, you can take it.
Nike : Do you take a credit card ?
Eli : We take credit cards
Nike : Ok. Wrap it for me, please.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Where does the dialog take plece ?

What is Nike going to buy ?
How much does it cost ?
What does she think of the price ?
Based on the dialog, how much should Nike pay for the item after she bargains ?

Expressing Preference

Expressing preference is used to express preference or option about something people

like.
The sentence patterns, are :
a. S + like + noun + better than + noun
Example : my father likes peanut better than chocolate
He likes milk better than juice
Or
b. S + like + Ving + better than + Ving
Example : I like selling cake better than making cake
I like playing football better than swimming
c. S + prefer + noun + to + noun
Example : Rudy prefers apple to grapes
She prefers noodles to fried rice
Or
d. S + prefer + Ving + to + Ving
Example : Rudy prefers swimming to playing football
I prefer playing to staying at home
e. S + would rather + V1 + than + V1
Example : wenny would rather leave early than wait for him
I would rather go out than stay at home
f. S+ would prefer to + V1 + rather than + V1
Example : I would prefer to go shopping rather than stay at home
Dialogue
Eli
: Im going to buy a novel. Do you want to come with me?
Davit : I dont read novel
Eli
: Why not ?
Davit : Because the story isnt complete with picture and plot in novel too boring to me
Eli
: Not bad. Novel can make you flows with the story and feel the character.
David : I would rather comic
Eli
: thats better than nothing., but you can try read a novel
Davit : ok. I will try
Eli
: which do you like ? Naruto or Conan ?
Davit : I like Naruto better than conan
Eli
: hahaa :D I like noruto too
1. What is Eli going to buy ?
a. Newspaper
c. Novel
b. Comic
d. Dictionary
2. Does Davit like read novel ?
3. What does Davit prefer to do ?
a. Comic
b. Newspaper
c. Novel d. Dictionar
4. A : Would you like coffe or tea ?
B:...
5. A : . . .
B : I prefer studying English to math

Expressing certainty
Below are some expressions to ask about certainty :
Are you sure that uncle john is coming soon ?
Is it correct that her mother passed away ?
Do you think that novia will be the winner ?
Do you believe that he is married ?
Some of the responses are :
Responses of certainty.

Yes. Im quite sure

Yes. Im certain
Yes. Im absolutely sure
Yes. Of course
Yes. Without a doubt
Responses of uncertainty.
Its doubtful
I doubt it
Im not really sure
I have my doubts
Perhaps
Possibly

Eli

Dialogue
Tom : Look ! the sky is cloudy now. Im sure, it is going to rain soon.
Eli
: I dont think so. Yesterday, the sky was dark and it didnt rain.
Tom : But, today is going to rain. Look over there !
Eli
: Yes, youre right. Today it is going to rain !
Tom :Anyway , will you join the English club ?
Eli
: I dont know. Im not sure
Tom : Why ?
Eli
: Actually, I had enough money. But my sister was sick and my mother borrowed
some of it.
As you know, my mother has been a single parents since a year ago.
Tom : Im sorry to hear that. But would you like to borrow some money from me ?
Eli
: Is it all right ?
Tom : Sure !
: Thank you, Tom. I will return it as soon as I have some money
Tom : I trust you
1. What does Eli think about the weather ?
2. A : Are you sure you have submitted your homework ?
B:...
a. I dont know what to say
b. I have to say that I disagree with that
c. I have no idea about that
d. Im sure I have put it on your desk, mam.
3. What is the weather like ?
4. How does Tom offer to help Eli ?
5. A : Do you think that novia will be the winner ?
B:...
a. I disagree with that
b. I have no opinion
c. Yes, I think
d. Thats a good idea

Expression Compliment
Giving Complaiments
Thats a very nice (dress)
Great job on the (presentation).
You look very good in (that new hair-do).
This dish is delicious, my compliments to the chef.
That (tie) looks great on you.
Responses to compliments
How kind of you to say so
Thank you.
Im glad you like it.
It was nothing really. (an expression of modesty and humility)
Learn the expressions used for giving compliments to others. Practice by saying them
loudly.
Your performance on the stage is amazing.
How wonderful to listen to your great voice.

 How mar vellous .

Great ! (You look great) / Great for you.
Terrific ! (Hey, thats terrific !)
Fantastic!
Smashing.
Thats really remarkable /well done.
Now, learn the expressions use for responding to compliments.
Its very kind of you to say so.
Thank you.
I can say how pleased (delighted) I am.
Im delighted to hear that.
Thank for your compliment.
Dialogue
Guest : Good night, mam
Staff : Good night
Guest : Thats a very nice dress
Staff : Thank you very much.
Guest : What do you think about her voice ?
Staff : How wonderful to listen to her great voice
Guest : Yes, her voice is very nice and her performance on the stage is amazing
Staff : And what about your voice. Your voice are great like her, arent you ?
Staff : Thank you sir, how kind of you to say so.
1. Staff
: What a beautiful dress, Mrs. Elliot
Guest
:...
a. Thanks, Im glad you like it. c. Yes, I think
b. Fantastic !
d. I disagree with that
2. A : Your English is very good.
B :. ..
a. How kind of you to say so
c. Thank you very much
b. Well done
d. Thats good idea
3. Guest
: What do you think about her voice ?
Staff
: ...
4. What is the topic based on the dialogue ?
5. Does Staff compliment about performance the guest ?

Expression Asking And Giving Opinion

Opinion is including the words of opinion and argument/ reasons.

Formal Situation

Informal Situation

Asking opinion
Have you got any comments on
Do you have any idea?
Do you have any opinion on . . .
Would you give me your
opinion on.?
What is your reaction to
What is your opinion about.?
What are you feeling about.?
What are your views on.?
Please give me your frank
opinion ?

Asking Opinion
What do you think of.?
What do you think about?
What is your opinion?
Why do they behave like that?
Do you think its going?
How do you like?
How was the trip?
How do you think of Rinas
idea ?
How do you feel about this
dicition ?

Giving opinion
I personally believe ..
I personally consider .
I personally think /feel .
I hold the opinion .

Giving opinion
I think I like it.
I dont think I care for it.
I think its good/nice/terrific..
I think that awful/not

 My own view of the matter is ... nice/terrible

I dont think much of it.
Well, personally .
If I had my view, I would .. I think that..
In my opinion, I would
rather
In my case ..
What Im more concerned
with .
What I have in my mind is
The way I see is that
No everyone will agree with
me, but .
To my mind ..
From my point of view
If you aks me, I feel
Absolutely
Dialogue
Ani : Eli, what are you doing ?
Eli : Im writing a proposal for our holiday.
Ani : Where we will go ?
Eli : I think Singapore is the nice place
Ani : I dont think so. In my opinion, Malaysia is more interesting.
Eli : Im afraid. I disagree with you. In Singapore we can visit the Singapore Flyer, Universal
Studio, China Town and so many wonderful place.
Ani : But, dont you know ? Malaysia has some interesting place. You can enjoy view of
Langkawi Island by Sky Way or Cable Car, or visit the Las Vegas of Malaysia Genting
Highland and Batu Caves.
Eli : But in Singapore we can visit Underwater World
Ani :We can find it too in Malaysia there is a waterworld in Langkawi.
Eli : Are you sure its more interesting ?
Ani : Yes, of course. Trust me, it wouldnt disappointed.
Eli : Ok. I will make our destination this year is Malaysia.
1.
2.
3.
4.

What will Ani and Eli do in holiday ?

Mention some interesting places in Malaysia based on the dialog !
Write the expression giving opinion based on the dialogue !
What do you thimk of ................. ?
a. Play tennis
b. Go jogging
c. Going to the beach
d. Swim
5. Eric : I think our city is very hot at the moment.
Eric : I dont think so ................ Our city is much cooler than other cities in this country.
a. I know it
c. He forget it
b. I am thinking of
d. In my opinion

Expression Agreement and Disagreement

Agreement
Disagreement
I agree
I am with you
I think so
It certainly is
That is what I was thinking
I am of the same opinion
Yes, thats what I have been
thinking
I do agree with you
Thats good idea
I dont have any objections with
that

I disagree
I am not with you
I can agree with
I cant be along with you
I wouldnt say that
I dont think so
I dont entirely agree with
I see what you mean, but
I agree, but
Yes, but on the other hand
Yes, but dont you think ..

Dialogue
Ethan : Hy Eli
Eli
: Hy Ethan. What are you doing here ?
Ethan : Im reading novel.
Eli
: What is the title ? may be I know that
Ethan : This is Fairis, created by Esti Kinasih. Did you read this novel before ?
Eli
: Yes, I did. I like the plot of story in this novel. Which do you like ? Davi or
Alfa ?
Ethan : I think I choose Alfa, because he is humoris and a good boy. How about with
you ?
Eli
: I disagree with you. I more interesting to Davi. He is not only hansome but also
smart and doesnt like we think, very mysterious.
Ethan : Alfa also good looking. But we didnt mind.
Eli
: Did you know Luna Torasingu ?
Ethan : Yes, I know. He is writer. I was read Her novel, and not bad.
Eli
: Do you think the novelis Indonesia has a good talent ?
Ethan : Yes, That is what I was thinking
1. What is topic that Eli and Ethan talking about ?
a. Novel
c. Comic
b. Boy friend
d. novelis
2. Does Eli agree with Ethan ?
3. A : I think Singapore is the nice place
B: . . . But Malaysia more interesting than Singapore.
a. I disagree
c. I agree
b. I dont think so
d. thank you
4. Write 5 expression disagreement !
5. Choose the expresson agreement !
a. I disagree with you
b. I dont think so
c. I agree. But Bali more interesting
d. I dont have any objections with that

Describing a Process or Procedures

1.
2.

3.
4.

5.

Describing a process or procedures means writing about how something is made or how
something happens. Examples: the rainwater cycle, how coffee is grown, how glass is
made, getting a driving license, starting a business.
When you explain the step-by-step order of how things happen or how things get done,
you are describing a process - how to get a visa, how to mend a puncture, how to make
coffee, how glass is made.
Make a rough list of the steps in the right order
Start with an introductory sentence or two about the process - how important it is, how
simple it is, etc.
* In this essay, I will describe how paper is made.
* I will now explain how a photocopier works.
* Building a road is a long process, but it can be divided into four main stages.
Use sequence words - first, next, after that, before, then, finally,
*The first stage in making glass is In this stage, the sand is cleaned and weighed
Next.After that.In the final stage, the glass is.
Finish with a concluding sentence or two.
* As you can see, paper manufacture is a difficult process. If you follow the steps
described then you will be successful.
* As I have described, there are many steps involved in supplying water to a city. By
using the step by step approach outlined above you can make sure of a sfe supply.
Use the correct voice - passive or active. Read the instructions carefully.
Example:
Active
The farmer sends the milk to
the factory
Place the container on the mat.

Passive
The milk is sent to the factory.
The container should be placed
on a mat.

These steps use the active voice, or imperative.

Popcorn
Popcorn is something you often eat when you watch a movie at a cinema. It is very easy
to make perfect popcorn if follow the correct procedure.
First, put three tablespoons of oil in a large pot. Then, heat the oil on a high flame until
one kernel of popcorn pops when you drop it into the hot oil. Now, pour a quarter cup of
popcorn into the pot and cover the pot with a lid. Reduce the flame and gently shake the
pot. Continue shaking until the corn has popped. Finally, empty the popcorn into a large
bowl and add melted butter and salt.
As you can see making popcorn is very simple if you follow the steps above. Enjoy your
movie!

These steps use the passive voice.

Want Coffee?
Coffee is a very popular drink around the world. People drink it at all times of the day.
There are several kinds of coffee, but I am now going to describe how instant coffee is
produced.
First, the coffee beans are picked from the trees and dried in the sun. Then, the beans are
roasted and then cooled rapidly before being ground. The beans are then mixed with hot
water and the mixture is strained before it is frozen. Finally, the frozen mixture is ground
and then dried in a vacuum before it is packed into jars. The coffee is now ready to be
sold in shops.
Instant coffee is not quite as good as real coffee, but it is very popular and saves a lot of
time. The manufacturers have done most of the steps for us!
Pineapple with caramel sauce
First, peel the pineapple and coat the sugar.
Next, heat the butter in a frying pan and turn the pineapple for 5 minutes on each side.
Then, add some cream, bring to the boil, and stie well.
After that, add the apple juice to the pan, add to the boil, and cook until there is very little
left.
Finally, pour the sauce over the pineapple and serve.
1. What is the main ingredient of the recipe ?
2. What should we do after adding the cream ?
a. pour the sauce over the pineapple and serve.
b. add the apple juice to the pan, add to the boil, and cook until there is very little left.
c. peel the pineapple and coat the sugar
d. heat the butter in a frying pan
3. What is the first step to make Pineapple with caramel sauce ?
4. How long should we fry the pineapple ?
a. 3 minutes
c. 4 minutes
b. 5 minutes
d. 6 minutes
5. What is the mixture of the sauce ?

Giving Advice and Suggestions

Asking

Giving

What do you recomend we do about ... ?

I would recommend that you ...

Waht would you advice us to do?

My advice would be to ...

Do you have any suggestions?

May I suggest that we ...

What would you do about ...?

If I were you, I would ...

Why dont you . .

I advice you to
Perhaps you could
If I were you, I would
I advice you to
I suggest you to
You had better

Accepting advice

Rejecting advice

Yes, I agree with that.

I'm sorry, i can't agree with that.

That sounds like a good idea!

I don't think that's a good idea.

OK, why don't we do that.

I don't think we should do that.

That's very interesting.

That's very interesting, but ...

Thank you for your advice

That would be nice
I would rather not, if you dont mind
That seems all night

Mr.adhi is complaining about his headache and Nurse Widhi is giving her advice.
Nurse Widhi : Good morning Mr. Adhi, introduce my name nurse Widhi,
Mr Adhi
: Good morning Nurse Widhi, Im fine.
Nurse Widhi : Apparently youre thinking about something? If I may know what you
think?
Mr. Adhi
: Im afraid my headaches will be getting worse, nurse.
Nurse Adhi : Have you taken your medicine?
Mr. Adhi
: No, I havent. because I have not had breakfast, nurse.
Nurse Widhi : You should immediately eat breakfast, so you can take medication, by
taking medicine regularly, Im sure you will be better soon.
Mr. Adhi
: Ok, I will do it now, thanks for you suggestion.
Nurse Widhi : You are welcome, later today I will be back again to see your
condition. The next time you need help just find me in a nursing.
Mr. Adhi: Ok. Nurse Widhi
Promptly at 1:00 pm, room nurse Widhi come to Mr. Adhi to see the condition
of Mr. Adhi
Nurse Widhi : Excuse me Mr. Adhi, may I come in?
Mr. Adhi
: Yes, please.
Nurse Widhi : You can rest?
Mr. Adhi
: Yes Nurse
Nurse Widhi : Nothing you complaining now?
Mr. Adhi
: No sisters, I feel better now
Nurse Widhi : Ok, my suggestion is always keep your condition, regular eating and
restsufficiently
Mr. Adhi
: Well my sisters would implement suggestions, thanks for the advice.
Nurse Widhi : you are welcome, happy to rest and get well
1. What did Nurse suggest to adhi ?
2. What happened to adhi headaches ?
3. Mention some expressions which are used in asking for ang giving suggestion !

Expressing Necessity and Obligation

Some expressions commonly used to express obligations are as follows:
I must try it again
Do you have to go now ? yes, I do
I have to keep it
You have to come on time
It is necessary for us to be there
But, if you think it is not a necessary think, you can say :
You dont have to go now
He doesnt have to do it
You dont need to go to school because its a holiday
It is not necessary for us to go now
a.

Positive Obligations
1. S +must+verb
Example: I must save my money.
2. S+have/has to+verb
Examples:You have to come on time.

He has to meet the manager at 7 a.m.

3. S+need to+verb
Examples: I need to visit the landslide victims
He needs to look at the map.
b. Negative Obligation.
S+must not+ verb
Example: You must not smoke here.
c.

No Obligation
1. S+dont have+verb
Example: You dont have to go to school because its a holiday.

2. S+dont need to+verb

Example: You dont need to do it.
d. Past Obligation
S+had to+verb
Example: I had to take part in the meeting last night.
1. He _____ go to sleep yet.
a. must
c. doesn't have got to
b. doesn't must
d. doesn't have to
2. We ___ see as many sites as we can on this trip!
a. have to
c. don't must to
b. must not have to d. have got not to
3. She ____ call after 10pm.
a. has not got to
c. must not
b. must have
d. have to
4. You and I ___ make it to school on time!
a. has to
c. have to
b. have not
d. don't must to
5. Do ____ stop?
a. we must
c. we have got to
b. we have to
d. we have not

Expressions of Convincing and Persuading people

The verbs convince and persuade are very similar in meaning, but there is a difference
in how we use them.
After persuade we use the structure
to + infinitive:

I persuaded them to stay for another drink.

He persuaded her not to take the job.

After convince we cannot use a verb infinitive. We say convince someone that:
She convinced the police that she was telling the truth.
He convinced her that it was the right thing to do.
Both of the above sentence would also be correct without that:
She convinced the police she was telling the truth.
He convinced her it was the right thing to do.
1. I'm not (persuaded/convinced) that moving to London is a good idea.
2. My parents (persuaded/convinced) me to study German, even though I was against it at
first.
3. My trip to Austria and Switzerland (persuaded/convinced) me that German was a useful
language to know.
4. Steven (persuaded/convinced) his boss to give him time off at Easter.
5. My sister persuaded me (not to buy/to not buy/ not buying) a car by arguing that it was
unnecessary and that cycling was much healthier.