Pimpli Chinchwad 2012-13

Draft Copy
Title
Environmental Status
Report 2012-13
Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal

Corporation
I
Mayors Note
I am overwhelmed to present the Environmental Status Report for
2012-13 to the stakeholders of Pimpri Chinchwad city. The
phenomenal growth and development in basic infrastructure to
enriched environment in Pimpri Chinchwad city is clearly visible.
The city is experiencing gradual change in its physical and social
environment.
At this juncture of rapid development in information technology, culture and education,
slowly but steadily, Pimpri Chinchwad is also emerging as an environmentally aware city.
This report will guide the aware and responsible citizen of Pimpri Chinchwad city to
quantatively assess the resources, its availability, trends, projections, future needs and
efforts made by Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation.
I hope that eco-conscious actions of citizen of Pimpri Chinchwad city will go a long way in
achieving the goal of sustainable city and thus contribute towards better future.
Mrs. Mohini Lande

Honorable Mayor
II
Environmental Status Report 2012-13
Commissioners Note
It is an established fact that the set of physical, chemical and
biological systems and their relationship with economic, social and
cultural factors with direct and indirect, gradual or immediate
effect, influence the quality of life in that locality.
Environmental Status Report (ESR) of a city acts as an impact assessment tool, which must
be strategic in nature and should have an objective of facilitating environmental integration
and the assessment of the opportunities and risks of strategic actions. Success of any
municipal project is strongly linked to the formulation of policies, planning and deliberate
efforts to bring about the change in the society. Policies developed in the context of
planning are not intended to find out what has happened in the past rather aims to plan and
steer actions that make possible routes towards a sustainable future.
Environmental Status Report will emerge as a more comprehensive document to play a
vital role in aligning developmental policies in line with the environment. Maharashtra
Pollution Control Board has developed a common format for the ESR alogwith the
framework indicators for assessment and comparison of environmental performance of the
cities across Maharashtra State. Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation has made an
effort to structure the ESR using Environmental Media Framework Methodology in which
information is categorized based on environmental media like social environment, air,
water, solid waste etc.
Along with the primary data generated by applying certain indicators we have also used the
secondary data available with the city. However, during the process of ESR preparation,
issues such as information gap, data inconsistancy and availability of data in different
formats were observed. Therefore, it is felt that the ESR process should be a continuous
and year-long activity. It should run parallel to the planning process with an intention to
provide important input into the planning process, focusing on strategic issues and the
decision-making process.
I hope that the sincere effort to implement DPSIR indicators as per guidelines of MPCB in
the current ESR will give a direction to the citys sustainable growth.
Mr. Shreekar Pardeshi
Municipal Commissioner
Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation
III
Leap towards sustainable city

As per section 67 (A) of BPMC Act-1949, it is mandatory for urban local bodies (ULB) to
publish annual Environmental Status Report (ESR) before 31st July of each year.
ESR is one of the forms of State of Environment (SoE) reporting with a primary function
to categorize the information and allow effective understanding of complexities and
interlinkages between environmental issues and causes. SoE framework is accepted and
adopted globally, so as to harmonize the ESRs with global standards.
Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation has made an effort to adopt DPSIR (Driving
Force, Pressure, State, Impact, Response) indicator framework for this ESR. The DPSIR is
an outcome of PSR framework (Pressure State Response)
Driving forces of environmental change (e.g. Rate of industrialisation)
Pressure on the environment (e.g. discharges of industrial waste water)
State of environment (e.g. water quality of rivers and lakes)
Impact on population, economy, ecosystems (e.g. water unsuitable for drinking)
Response of the society (e.g. Segregation of municipal solid waste)
The basic purpose of this framework is to structure data and information on different
environmental problems and the intention of environmental indicators is to communicate
such environmental information to decision makers and general public.
The analytical framework of the ESR assists in drawing meaningful inferences and guide
responses towards environment protection and improvement in the city. Pimpri Chinchwad
city has taken the efforts to adopt the DPSIR framework given in the guidelines, and thus
initiated a step to become role model for the state.
Er. A. V. Chavan
Joint City Engineer,
Water Supply, Drainage and Environment Department,
Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation.
IV
Disclaimer
The information mentioned in the present Environmental Status Report is based on

the following sources like Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation, Pune
Municipal Parivahan Mahamandal Ltd., Regional Transport Office, newspapers,
Maharashtra Pollution Control Board, Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution
Company Ltd. etc.
The present ESR 2012-13 is based on the information available on websites of

different Govt., Semi governments, Non-Government Organisations, Research
institutes.
Maps, aerial photographs used in this report are not to the scale and should only be
used for the understanding purposes.
Table of Contents
MAYORS NOTE ..................................................................................................................................... II
COMMISSIONERS NOTE................................................................................................................... III
LEAP TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE CITY .............................................................................................. IV
TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................................................ VI
LIST OF FIGURES .............................................................................................................................. VIII
LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................................ VIII
LIST OF PLATES..................................................................................................................................... X
1.
ABOUT THE CITY .......................................................................................................................... 1

1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
CITY PROFILE...............................................................................................................................................................1
CLIMATE ........................................................................................................................................................................2
CITY CONNECTIVITY ..................................................................................................................................................3
LAND USE .....................................................................................................................................................................4
DEMOGRAPHY .............................................................................................................................................................8
1.5.1 Past and Present Population Growth ......................................................................................................................8
1.5.2
Population Projection.............................................................................................................................................9
1.5.3
Other Demographic Indicators ............................................................................................................................ 10
1.5.4
Literacy Rate ..................................................................................................................................................... 10
1.6 ECONOMY .................................................................................................................................................................. 11
1.7 SLUMS.......................................................................................................................................................................... 11
1.7.1
Area and Population.......................................................................................................................................... 11
1.7.2
Access to Basic Services and Amenities in Slums................................................................................................ 12
1.7.3
Slum Rehabilitation Projects .............................................................................................................................. 12
1.7.4
Key Issues With Regard to Slums....................................................................................................................... 13
1.8 E-GOVERNANCE ...................................................................................................................................................... 14
1.8.1
Vision................................................................................................................................................................ 14
1.8.2
Benefits to Citizens............................................................................................................................................. 14
2.
SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT .............................................................................................................19

2.1
2.2
INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................................ 19
HEALTH ...................................................................................................................................................................... 19
2.2.1
Heath Care Facilities in PCMC Area .............................................................................................................. 19
2.2.2
Communicable Diseases ..................................................................................................................................... 21
2.2.3
Non-communicable Disease ................................................................................................................................ 22
2.3 EDUCATION ............................................................................................................................................................... 22
2.4 POWER CONSUMPTION ........................................................................................................................................... 23
2.5 TRANSPORT ............................................................................................................................................................... 24
2.5.1
Pune Mahanagar Parivahan Mahamandal Ltd. (PMPML)............................................................................. 25
2.5.2
Private Transportation ....................................................................................................................................... 26
2.5.3 Road Accidents ................................................................................................................................................... 26
2.6 SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS ..................................................................................................................................... 27
2.7 GREEN BUILDING RATING SYSTEM ..................................................................................................................... 30
2.8 HERITAGE .................................................................................................................................................................. 31
2.9 TOURISM .................................................................................................................................................................... 32
3.
WATER ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................................................ 34

3.1
VI
WATER RESOURCES ................................................................................................................................................. 34

3.1.1
Surface Water .................................................................................................................................................... 34
3.1.2
Ground Water ................................................................................................................................................... 40
3.2
3.3
WATER SUPPLY .......................................................................................................................................................... 41

SEWAGE MANAGEMENT ......................................................................................................................................... 44
3.3.1
Sewerage Network .............................................................................................................................................. 44
3.3.2
Analysis of Sewage Treatment ............................................................................................................................ 46
3.3.3
Energy production from Sewage Treatment Plants ............................................................................................... 46
3.4 RIVER IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMME (NADI SUDHAR YOJANA) ....................................................................... 47
4.
AIR ENVIRONMENT ....................................................................................................................49

4.1
4.2
4.3
5.
NOISE ENVIRONMENT ..............................................................................................................58

5.1
5.2
6.
AIR QUALITY STANDARDS ...................................................................................................................................... 49

AIR QUALITY ............................................................................................................................................................. 49
IMPACT OF AIR POLLUTANTS: ................................................................................................................................ 56
BACKGROUND ........................................................................................................................................................... 58
NOISE MONITORING IN PCMC AREA ................................................................................................................... 59
SOLID WASTE ................................................................................................................................ 61

6.1
6.2
BACKGROUND ........................................................................................................................................................... 61
WASTE CHARACTERISATION .................................................................................................................................. 61
6.2.1
Quantitative ....................................................................................................................................................... 61
6.2.2
Qualitative.......................................................................................................................................................... 63
6.3 WASTE MANAGEMENT ............................................................................................................................................. 66
6.3.1
Segregation .......................................................................................................................................................... 66
6.3.3
Transportation.................................................................................................................................................... 68
6.3.4
Disposal ............................................................................................................................................................. 68
6.4 BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT ..................................................................................................................... 70
6.5 E-WASTE MANAGEMENT ......................................................................................................................................... 72
6.6 WASTE TO ENERGY .................................................................................................................................................. 72
7.
BIODIVERSITY .............................................................................................................................. 74
7.1
TERRESTRIAL ............................................................................................................................................................. 74
7.1.1
Garden ............................................................................................................................................................... 74
7.1.2
Tree Plantation................................................................................................................................................... 77
7.1.3
Flora in Different Gardens ................................................................................................................................. 79
7.1.4
Terrestrial Fauna ............................................................................................................................................... 79
7.2 AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT ....................................................................................................................................... 82
7.2.1
Plankton and Benthos ........................................................................................................................................ 82
7.2.2
Fisheries ............................................................................................................................................................. 92
7.3
Trophic levels of selected water bodies .................................................................................................................... 93
8.
ACTION PLAN................................................................................................................................ 96
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
SOCIO-ECONOMIC STRUCTURE ............................................................................................................................... 96

SURFACE WATER........................................................................................................................................................ 96
AIR POLLUTION MITIGATION ............................................................................................................................... 102
NOISE REDUCTION MEASURES ............................................................................................................................. 103
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT .............................................................................................................................. 104
BIODIVERSITY.......................................................................................................................................................... 106
8.6.1 Terrestrial .......................................................................................................................................................... 106
8.6.2 Aquatic ............................................................................................................................................................. 106
8.7 REDUCING LIGHT POLLUTION ............................................................................................................................. 107
REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................................... 108
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................................. 109
APPENDIX ............................................................................................................................................. 111
VII
APPENDIX 1 CHARACTERISTICS OF RAW AND TREATED WATER AT SURVEY NO. 23, NIGDI FROM
JANUARY 2012 TO JANUARY 2013........................................................................................................................ 111
APPENDIX 2 REMOVAL (PERCENT) EFFICIENCIES OF STPS IN PCMC AREA DURING 2012-13 .......................... 112
STP INLET AND OUTLET READINGS FOR CERTAIN PARAMETERS. .......................................................................... 113
APPENDIX 3 TREE PLANTATION SCHEMES BY PCMC IN 2011-12 ........................................................................... 115
APPENDIX 4 CHECKLIST OF FLORA IN DIFFERENT GARDENS .................................................................................. 115
APPENDIX 5 CHECKLIST OF BUTTERFLIES RECORDED IN THE PCMC AREA ........................................................ 116
APPENDIX 6 AVAILABILITY OF AVIFAUNA IN PCMC AREAS DURING JANUARY 2013 ......................................... 117
APPENDIX 7 PHYTOPLANKTON GENERA OBSERVED IN INDRAYANI AND MULA RIVERS .................................. 119
APPENDIX 8 LIST OF FISHES RECORDED IN MULA, PAWANA AND INDRAYANI RIVERS ...................................... 120
APPENDIX 9 PCMC RECOGNISING CITIZENS EFFORTS TOWARDS ENVIRONMENT .......................................... 122
List of Figures
Figure 1.1 Land use pattern existing in 1986 ....................................................................................... 5
Figure 1.2 Land use pattern proposed post 1986 DP ........................................................................ 5
Figure 4.1 Overview of ambient air quality in Pimpri Chinchwad city for residential &
industrial areas ..............................................................................................................................50
Figure 4.2 Overview of SOx level at PCMC building terrace & MCC building ..........................51
Figure 4.3 Overview of NOx level at PCMC building terrace & MCC building terrace ............52
Figure 4.4 Average concentrations of selected air quality parameters measured in
Bhosari ..........................................................................................................................................54
Figure 4.5 Average Concentrations of CO & VOCs parameters measured in Bhosari ..............55
Figure 4.6 Average concentrations of selected air quality parameters measured in Nigadi .......55
Figure 4.7 Average Concentrations of CO & VOCs parameters measured in Nigadi ...............56
Figure 6.1 PCMC Landfill site at Moshi ............................................................................................73
Figure 7.1 Preference of food items by birds in PCMC area ..........................................................81
Figure 7.2 Phytoplankton counts observed in Indrayani and Mula rivers during January
2013 ..........................................................................................................................................86
Figure 7.3 Average percent composition of Phytoplankton groups in Indrayani and
Mula rivers during January 2013 ................................................................................................86
Figure 7.4 Chlorophyll-a in different sampling stations of Indrayani and Mula rivers ...............87
Figure 7.5 Distribution of Zooplankton in Indrayani and Mula rivers during January
2013 ..........................................................................................................................................89
Figure 7.6 Percent composition of Zooplankton groups at different stations of the rivers
in January 2013 .............................................................................................................................90
List of Tables
Table 1.1 Basic information ................................................................................................................... 1
Table 1.2 Annual Weather Data ............................................................................................................ 2
VIII
Table 1.3 Land use for old PCMC & PCNTDA areas (as in Old Development Plan,
1986) ........................................................................................................................................... 4
Table 1.4 Summary of Existing and Proposed Land-Use Analysis in the Newly emerged
areas of PCMC ............................................................................................................................... 6
Table 1.5 Existing and Proposed Land Use Analysis of Villlage Tathawade ................................ 7
Table 1.6 Population Growth in Study Area since 1951 .................................................................. 8
Table 1.7 Demographic status of PCMC (2001 Census) .................................................................. 9
Table 1.8 Demographic details of PCMC with respect to Tehsil and District (Census
2001) ........................................................................................................................................... 9
Table 1.9 Population forecast in PCMC area till 2031 .................................................................... 10
Table 1.10 Literacy rate in PCMC area ............................................................................................. 10
Table 1.11 Details of slums in PCMC area ....................................................................................... 12
Table 1.12 Location of Slums as per land tenure ............................................................................. 12
Table 1.13 Beneficiaries of Slum Rehabilitation Projects ............................................................... 13
Table 2.1 Health care facilities available in PCMC (2011-12)......................................................... 20
Table 2.2 Patients suffering from diseases in PCMC area .............................................................. 21
Table 2.3 Primary educational facility in the city schools, managed by PCMC ........................... 23
Table 2.4 Secondary schools in PCMC area ..................................................................................... 23
Table 2.5 Sector wise Electricity Consumption in 2011-12.......................................................... 24
Table 2.6 Total Sale and Loss in Electricity Distribution ............................................................... 24
Table 2.7 Statistical details of PMPML for PCMC area .................................................................. 25
Table 2.8 Registered vehicles in PCMC area (2011-12)................................................................... 26
Table 2.9 Accident cases in PCMC and associated areas 2012-13 ................................................. 26
Table 2.10 Working Population Scenario .......................................................................................... 27
Table 2.11 Premium and rebate given to GRIHA and SVAGRIHA projects ............................ 31
Table 3.1 Water characteristics of Pawana River in PCMC Area (Oct 2012) .............................. 34
Table 3.2 Water characteristics of Indrayani & Mula Rivers in PCMC Area (Jan 2013) ............ 36
Table 3.3 Water characteristics of Lakes in PCMC Area (Oct 2012) ............................................ 38
Table 3.4 Water Characteristics of Different Nallahs in PCMC Area (Jan 2013) ....................... 39
Table 3.5 Details for Water Supply .................................................................................................... 42
Table 3.6 Supply network in the city .................................................................................................. 43
Table 3.7 Water Treatment Plants in Sector -23, Nigdi and their Capacities ............................... 43
Table 3.8 Basic details of Sewage system in PCMC ......................................................................... 45
Table 3.9 Details of Sewage Treatment Plants (April 2013 to June 2013) ................................... 45
Table 3.10 Details for Proposed Sewage Treatment Plants ............................................................ 45
Table 4.1 National Ambient Air Quality Standards, Schedule-VII Rule-3(3B) ........................... 49
IX
Table 4.2 Overview of RSPM Levels in Pimpri Chinchwad city for Residential &
Industrial Areas.............................................................................................................................50
Table 4.3 Overview of SO2 level at PCMC building terrace & MCC building terrace ...............51
Table 4.4 Overview of NOx level at PCMC building terrace & MCC building terrace .............52
Table 4.5 Overview of Ambient Air Quality in Pimpri Chinchwad City for Residential,
commercial and Industrial areas. ................................................................................................53
Table 4.6 Overview of Ambient Air Quality in Pimpri Chinchwad City for Residential,
commercial and Industrial areas. ................................................................................................53
Table 4.7 Major air pollutants and their associated health hazards................................................57
Table 5.1 Impact of Noise levels on human body ...........................................................................58
Table 5.2 Noise levels at different zones in PCMC Area (Values are mean of 7
consecutive days) ..........................................................................................................................59
Table 6.1 Overview of Solid Waste ....................................................................................................62
Table 6.2 Sector-wise generation of solid waste ...............................................................................62
Table 6.3 Percentage wise distribution of municipal solid waste ...................................................64
Table 6.4 Physico-chemical characteristics of Biodegradable MSW, compost and sub soil
of compost plant in PCMC area (Jan 2013) .............................................................................65
Table 6.5 Municipal solid waste collection vehicles .........................................................................68
Table 6.6 Characteristics of leachates generated from Moshi landfill site as well as
mechanical composting ...............................................................................................................69
Table 7.1 Important gardens in PCMC area......................................................................................77
Table 7.2 Tree plantation in different gardens ..................................................................................78
Table 7.3 Tree plantation schemes by PCMC in 2011-12 ...............................................................79
Table 7.4 Summary of Flora in different gardens .............................................................................79
Table 7.5 Enumeration of Phytoplankton in Indrayani River during January 2013....................84
Table 7.6 Enumeration of Phytoplankton in Mula River during January 2013 ...........................85
Table 7.7 Enumeration of Zooplankton in Indrayani River during January 2013 ......................88
Table 7.8 Enumeration of Zooplankton in Mula River during January 2013 ..............................88
Table 7.9 Zooplankton genera recorded in Indrayani and Mula Rivers during January
2013 ..........................................................................................................................................90
Table 7.10 Benthic fauna recorded at different sampling points in Indrayani and Mula
rivers during January 2013 ..........................................................................................................91
Table 7.11 Different types of Benthic fauna recorded in two rivers during January 2013 .........92
Table 7.12 Trophic Status of Indrayani and Mula Rivers ................................................................94
List of Plates
Plate 1.1 Ravet Bridge in PCMC area ................................................................................................... 3
Plate 1.2 Implementation of SRA scheme in PCMC area ...............................................................13
X
Plate 1.3 Plate A: JnNURM Awards 2011 for improvement in Water Supply and Waste
Water Sector ............................................................................................................................... 16
Plate 1.4 JnNURM Best City Award 2011 ........................................................................................ 16
Plate 1.5 JnNURM Awards 2011Best City in Effective Enforcement of Pro-Poor
Reforms ......................................................................................................................................... 16
Plate 1.6 Urban Transport Award 2010, New Delhi .................................................................... 16
Plate 1.7 National e-Governance Awards 2012-For Exemplary Implementation of eGovernance initiatives. SKOCH AwardsCitizens Service ................................................... 16
Plate 1.8 EDGE Award, Mumbai ...................................................................................................... 16
Plate 2.1 Bhakti Shakti Statue in Nigdi ............................................................................................. 31
Plate 2.2 Science Centre ....................................................................................................................... 32
Plate 2.3 Nisargakavi Bahinabai Chaudhary zoo .............................................................................. 32
Plate 2.4 Durga Devi Hill Park ........................................................................................................... 33
Plate 3.1 (A to D): Water sampling at different lakes in PCMC area ............................................ 37
Plate 3.2: (A to D) Water sampling at different open nallahs in PCMC area............................... 39
Plate 3.3 Selected STPs in PCMC jurisdiction .................................................................................. 46
Plate 4.1 Air Monitoring Stations in Residential (A) and Commercial (B) Areas ........................ 49
Plate 4.2 SAFAR Air Quality Monitoring System installed by IITM, Pune ................................. 54
Plate 5.1 (A and B): Noise monitoring at Silence and Commercial zones ................................... 58
Plate 6.1 Soil Sampling at dumping (A to C) and barren (D) sites ................................................ 63
Plate 6.2 (A and B): Solid waste sampling location in PCMC area ................................................ 64
Plate 6.3 (A and B): Leachate sampling at Moshi site. ..................................................................... 64
Plate 7.1 LAyout of Veer Sawarkar Garden (Ganesh Lake) ........................................................... 74
Plate 7.2 Ganesh lake Garden and Shiv Srushti Gardens in PCMC area ..................................... 76
Plate 7.3 Common aquatic birds observed in and around Mula river ........................................... 81
Plate 7.4 Flocks of black winged stilt and cattle egret around Chikhali and Moshi
Bandharas ...................................................................................................................................... 82
Plate 7.5 Water sampling at different locations along Indrayani and Mula rivers ....................... 83
Plate 7.6 Collection of sediment samples and benthos from Mula and Indrayani rivers ........... 83
Plate 7.7 Diversity of microscopic Phytoplankton from Mula river ............................................. 86
Plate 7.8 Dominant microscopic zooplankton in Mula river during January 2013 ..................... 89
Plate 7.9 Gill net being installed and removed in Indrayani river (Talwade east ) in
January 2013 ................................................................................................................................. 92
Plate 7.10 Oreochromis mossambicus (Tilapia) found in Indrayani river .................................... 93
Plate 8.1 (A to D): Disposal of solid waste into river water in PCMC area ................................. 97
Plate 8.2 (A and B): Polluted Nallah water entering river water .................................................... 98
Plate 8.3 Cattle-bathing in Mula river ................................................................................................ 98
Plate 8.4 Water master from Sai Water Technologies, Mumbai .................................................... 99
XI
Plate 8.5 Application of PhytoRid system to clean Nallah water ...................................................99

Plate 8.6 Installation of Artificial Floating Island (AFI) in River Kshipra ................................. 100
Plate 8.7 GeoGreen Blanket ............................................................................................................. 101
Plate 8.8 Lake Rejuvenation (Courtesy: Sri Venkateshwara Fibre Udyog, Bangalore) ............ 101
Plate 8.9 River Bank Stabilization (Courtesy: Sri Venkateshwara Fibre Udyog,
Bangalore) ................................................................................................................................... 101
Plate 8.10 (A and B): The Geogreen blanket used for protecting the slopes and base of
the storage tanks dug on the ground to store rainwater (Courtesy: Sri
Venkateshwara Fibre Udyog, Bangalore)............................................................................... 102
XII
1.
ABOUT THE CITY
1.1 City Profile

Pimpri Chinchwad is a modern twin city, situated South-East of Mumbai and in the NorthWest quadrant of Pune. Pimpri-Chinchwad also happens to be the fifth-most populated city
of Maharashtra and has long been famous for being one of the most prominent industrial
destinations outside Mumbai.
The twin city (Pimpri Chinchwad) is governed by the Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal
Corporation (PCMC). The city is located on the Deccan Plateau and is surrounded by
hills. It is situated 530 m above the mean sea level. Pavna River traverses the city, while
the Indrayani River flows through the north-western outskirts and Mula River on south
side, forms a boundary of Pune and Pimpri Chinchwad Cities.Various particulars of the
city are given in Table 1.1.
The city forms a continuous urban stretch, adding to the overall Pune urban agglomeration,
and contains a thriving industrial belt that primarily consists of engineering and automobile
industries.
PCMC and Pune, when viewed as a unified geographical unit, make up one of India's
largest industrial areas. Pimpri Chinchwad has contributed a lot to the fact that Pune is the
second-largest industrial city in Maharashtra after Mumbai. This fact alone has already
spelt gold in terms of the Pune property market - but there's a lot more.
Table 1.1 Basic information
Latitude
Longitude
183707.04N
734813.43E
Altitude
Total area
Population
Estimated population
Slum population
Average rainfall
Temperature
530 m above mean sea level

177.3 Sq. Km
17,29,359 (As per 2011 census)
20,00,000 (based on Census 2011)
1,47,810 (As per 2011 census)
722 mm
Max: 43.3C (on 30 April 1987 and 7 May 1889) Min:
1.7C (on 17 January 1935)
4
64
No. of ward offices

No. of wards
Source: PCMC Website
1.2 Climate
Pimpri-Chinchwad experiences three distinct seasons: summer, monsoon and winter.
Typical summer months are from March to May, with temperatures ranging from 35 to
39C (95 to 102F), the warmest month being April. The city receives moderate annual
rainfall of 722 mm, mainly between June and September as a result of the SW monsoon.
Citizen experience winter from November to February, when day temperature is around
29C (84F), while the night temperature dips below 10C (50F) for most of December
and January, often dropping to 5 or 6C (40-42F).The highest temperature recorded for
Pimpri Chinchwad was 43.3C (110 F) on 30 April 1987 and 7 May 1889, while the
lowest temperature recorded was 1.7C (35F) on 17 January 1935.
Monthly variations in temperature, humidity, pressure, rainfall, and wind velocity for
2008-09 are presented in Table 1.2
Table 1.2 Annual Weather Data
Month
Jan 08
Feb 08
Mar 08
Apr 08
May 08
Jun 08
Jul 08
Aug 08
Sep 08
Oct 08
Nov 08
Dec 08
Jan 09
Feb 09
Mar 09
Apr 09
May 09
Ambient
Temperature
(0C)
Max
Min
30.2
9.1
31.4
10.3
35.8
16.2
37.7
19
36.4
21.9
29.7
22.6
27.9
21.5
27.3
21.0
28.6
20.5
32.4
16.2
31.8
14.3
30.9
12.6
31.7
11.3
34.4
11.5
36.8
15.6
16.2
32.2
16.2
32.2
Wind Velocity
Relative
(m/s)
Humidity (%)
M
2
2
2.5
2.6
4.4
4.6
4.2
3.9
3.3
2
3.2
3.2
2
NA
2
NA
NA
E
3.7
4
3.9
4.2
7
5.0
6.1
4.8
3.2
3.3
3.5
3
2.9
4.5
5.4
4.3
4.3
M
91.7
76.4
61.1
52.6
63.2
81.0
84.5
87.3
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
E
33.5
32.4
27.3
25.1
36.6
71.4
75.7
79.3
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Rainfall (mm)
M
0
0
1.0
0
0.4
2.5
1.7
3.9
7.0
0.4
0.0
1.3
0
0
0.2
1.2
1.2
E
0
0
0
0
0
2.3
0.8
2.1
2.4
0.5
0
0
0
0
0
0.5
0.5
Pressure
(Pa)
954.0
954.1
942.6
952.2
951.5
947.3
946.2
947.2
949.1
953.2
953.8
954.4
955.0
953.4
952.7
951.1
951.1
Source: Department of Geography, University of Pune

NOTE: 'M' refers to Morning Data and 'E' refers to Evening Data.
1.3 City Connectivity

Pimpri Chinchwad being adjacent to the Pune enjoys the excellent connectivity that Pune
has. The city is well connected by road, rail and air to almost all important cities in India.
Pimpri Chinchwad is situated on the confluence of NH-4 (the Mumbai-Bangalore
highway) and NH-50 (the Pune-Nasik highway). The city is connected to the Mumbai
through Mumbai Pune Express way.
Plate 1.1 Ravet Bridge in PCMC area

In fact, the PCMC area boasts an extensive network of national highways to major cities
like Mumbai (163 km), Nashik (202 km), Nagpur (880 km), Bangalore (835 km), Chennai
(1166 km) and Hyderabad (548 km).
Railway Connectivity
Railways are an important ingredient of economic growth, and Pimpri Chinchwad is
located on the Mumbai-Pune mail line. It has direct broad-gauge connectivity to Mumbai,
Bangalore, Chennai and Hyderabad.
Air Connectivity
Nearest airport for Pimpri Chinchwad is Pune International airport which is connected by
direct flights to Delhi, Bangalore, Chennai, Ahmedabad, Mumbai, Hyderabad and Nagpur.
Pune Airport, located at Lohgaon (approx. 25 km away from city) has recently acquired
status of an International Airportand is connected internationally with Dubai, Frankfurt and
Singapore. It is currently the only airport in the country having both domestic and military
traffic.
1.4 Land Use

Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporations existing jurisdiction area is 177.3 Sq. km. It is
predominantly an industrial area, which has developed during the last four decades. There
has been 84% increase in the area under development in the region between 2000 and
2007. Considerable portion of the development in the last decade has occurred towards
Pune city in the south and Hinjewadi IT Park in the south-western direction. Further
impetus to development has been given by the westerly Mumbai-Pune by-pass and the
improvements of the Aundh-Ravet road. Talwade IT Park in the north-western corner of
the city is another pull factor in PCMC area. Improvements to the Dehu-Alandi road and
the NH-50 will bring about development in the northern and north-western regions. The
proposed international airport in Chakan in the north will further enhance growth.
Land use pattern
The combined land use distribution as per the 1986 Development Plan indicates that about
11.81 and 4.96% areas are allocated for residential use and transport respectively, while
30.54% is reserved for forest areas. The revisions proposed in 1986 are summarized in
Table 1.3-1.5 and Fig.1.1
'Land-use Change' is an indicator given by DPSIR. Its objective is to reduce urban sprawl.
The land, and the way it is managed, affects the entire environment. It is important to
monitor changes in land use, especially rapid urbanization and urban sprawl. There is a
continual need to reconcile the requirements for additional land for important uses, such
as housing, industry, commerce and retailing with a desire to protect the countryside and
agriculture.
Table 1.3 Land use for old PCMC & PCNTDA areas (as in Old Development Plan, 1986)
Land Use
Residential
Commercial
Industrial
Public and Semi Public
Public Utilities
Transportation/Circulation
Open Spaces / Recreation
Water Bodies
Quarry
Barren / Vacant Lands
Agriculture & Reserve Forest
Sub-Total
(Developed Area)
Sub- Total
(Un-developed Area)
Total
Area
Sq.km
10.16
0.40
10.85
0.84
0.42
4.26
0.69
1.89
0.22
30.02
DP as in 1986
Developed Total area
area (%)
(%)l area
36.78
11.81
1.43
0.46
39.28
12.62
3.04
0.98
1.52
0.49
15.44
4.96
2.51
0.81
-2.19
-0.25
-34.90
Proposed DP Post 1986

Area
Developed Total area
Sq.km
area (%)
(%)
36.94
57.73
42.95
0.29
0.45
0.34
15.61
24.39
18.14
3.14
4.90
3.65
0.77
1.21
0.90
5.48
8.56
6.37
1.76
2.75
2.05
3.63
-4.23
-0.00
-0.00
26.27
--
30.54
18.39
--
21.38
27.62
100.0
32.11
63.99
100.0
74.40
58.39
--
67.89
22.02
--
25.60
86.01
86.01
Source: Town Planning Department, PCMC

4
Land use pattern existing in 1986 (% to total area)

0%
0%
6% 1%
6%
34%
3%
0% 1%
0%
18%
16%
15%
Residential
Commercial
Industrial
Public Utilities
Transportation / Circulation
Water Bodies
Quarry
Sub-Total (Developed Area)
Sub- Total (Un-developed Area)
Figure 1.1 Land use pattern existing in 1986

Land use pattern proposed post 1986 DP ( % to Total area)
Residential
Commercial
Industrial
13%
42.95
0.34
Public Utilities
Transportation / Circulation
18.14
37%
3.65
21.38
6.37
00
Water Bodies
0.9
2.05
Quarry
4.23
Sub-Total (Developed Area)

Sub- Total (Un-developed Area)
Figure 1.2 Land use pattern proposed post 1986 DP

Table 1.4 Summary of Existing and Proposed Land-Use Analysis in the Newly emerged areas of PCMC
Existing Land Use Analysis
Proposed Land Use Analysis
Land Use
Area
Sq.km
Residential
Commercial
Industrial
Public Utilities
Transportat and
Communications
Garden, Play fields, Fair
Ground etc.
Vacant
Developed Area
10.16
0.40
10.85
0.84
0.42
17.62
0.69
18.82
1.46
0.73
11.82
0.46
12.61
0.90
0.49
47.28
2.68
2.52
2.66
0.97
67.92
3.85
3.60
3.82
1.39
55.94
3.17
2.98
3.15
1.14
4.26
7.40
4.96
10.94
15.74
12.95
0.69
1.20
0.80
2.56
3.68
3.03
30.02
57.64
52.08
100.00
34.90
67.02
-69.59
-100
-82.36
No Development Zone
--
--
--
12.88
--
15.25
Agricultural
Water Bodies
Quarry
Total
MIDC, Software
Technology Park
Grand Total
26.27
1.89
0.22
86.00
----
30.54
2.19
0.25
100
-1.33
-83.82
-----
-1.57
-99.18
--
--
--
0.70
--
0.82
86.00
--
100.00
84.51
--
100.00
Developed Total area Area Developed Total area

area (%) (%)l area Sq.km area (%)
(%)
Table 1.5 Existing and Proposed Land Use Analysis of Villlage Tathawade
Land Use
Existing Land Use of

Tathawade village
Area Developed Total area
Sq.km area (%) (%)l area
Proposed Land Use of Village

Tathawade
Area
Sq.km
Developed
area (%)
Total area
(%)
Residential
Commercial
Industrial
Public and Semi
Public
Mixed Use
Public Unitility
Transport and
Communication
Roads & Parking
Park Garden, Play
Ground, River Front
development,
0.37
0.05
0.41
18.11
2.35
20.48
5.72
0.75
6.47
3.12
0.30
0.60
51.10
4.98
9.87
48.86
4.76
9.44
1.16
57.55
18.21
1.05
17.26
16.50
0.03
--
1.50
--
0.47
--
-0.058
-0.94
-0.91
--
--
--
0.88
14.50
13.88
--
--
--
0.08
1.33
1.28
Total Developed Area
2.01
--
31.60
6.10
100
NDZ, Green Belt
--
--
--
0.17
--
2.68
Agriculture
1.99
--
31.21
--
--
--
Pad
Water Body Area
Road Area
1.92
0.10
0.35
----
30.06
1.60
5.45
-1.11
--
----
-1.69
--
Cremation Ground
0.0036
--
30.54
--
--
--
Total
6.38
100.00
6.38
--
100.00
Objective of DPSIR indicator 'Sustainable land use' is to increase the amount of green and
restored areas and to eliminate losses of protected sites and reduce contamination of land.
As per DPSIR indicators, the
ideal floor area per person
cannot be defined. Hence,
individual cases should be
considered. Floor area per
person is a response indicator as
well.
Indicator, 'Protected areas as per cent of total areas'

relates to conservation of biodiversity. Protected
areas are a form of defense against changes in land
use and in other human activities; if unsustainable,
they can pose a threat to ecosystems and landscapes,
and lead to biodiversity changes including natural
habitat loss.
1.5 Demography
1.5.1 Past and Present Population Growth
Population is a key parameter in any type of city planning. The environment management
plan is also based on the same for any city. During the last two decades, the decadal
growth rate of population has been 72% (between 2001 and 2011) and 93% (between 1991
and 2001) while 1960s and 70s witnessed population growth of around 150%. As per the
2001 Census, population of Pimpri Chinchwad was 10,06,417, while as per Census 2011, it
has increased to 17,29,359 (Table 1.6) and presently it is estimated to be 20,00,000.
Table 1.6 Population Growth in Study Area since 1951
Census Total Population
Year
Decadal Change Growth Rate (%)
Area sq km
Density/sq km
1951
1961
1971
1981
1991
2001
26,367
39,654
98,572
2,51,769
5,20,639
10,06,417
13,287
58,918
1,53,197
2,68,870
4,85,778
50.39
148.58
155.42
106.79
93.30
86.01
86.01
170.51
2,927
6,053
5,902
2011
17,29,359
7,24,942
71.98
177
9,770
Source: PCMC CDP- Vol. 1

As per DPSIR, 'Population growth' is an important indicator, with an objective to
harmonise the annual growth of a city's population with its environment and the overall
system of settlements. The urban population, similar to population density, is an indicator
that measures the pressures on the environment including: exploitation of natural
resources, such as water and land; contamination of a city and its surroundings; air
pollution by traffic and manufacturing industries, increased or decreased pressures on an
urban environment illustrates population growth over time.
Pimpri Chinchwad has a population density of 9754 persons per sq km as per 2011 census,
which is comparatively less than that of its neighbouring city, Pune. However, this is
mainly due to the large extent of vacant spaces available in the peripheral, undeveloped
areas of the city. Demographic features of PCMC area are tabulated in Table 1.7, while
status of PCMC with respect to Tehsil and District is presented in Table 1.8.
The city is tucked between the Mula, Pawana and Indrayani rivers that form the natural
boundaries of the city on the northern and southern sides whereas Pawana traverse the city.
The densely populated old city is located in the centre, with the Pawana River on one side
and the Mumbai-Pune railway line on the other. The interiors of oldPCMC and PCNTDA
areas comprising Morwadi, Kharalwadi, Pimpri Waghere and Pimple Saudagar still retain
their rural character and have narrow road widths. The geographical location of the city
between the rivers on one side and vast defence areas on the eastern side of the city form
8
natural barriers to the growth. Comprehensibly, the western side of the city facing Mumbai
has the maximum potential for growth and development.
Table 1.7 Demographic status of PCMC (2001 Census)
Particulars
Households
Total Population
Children below 06
years
Scheduled Caste
Scheduled Tribes
Total
Male
Female
Total
Male
Female
Total
Male
Female
Total
Male
Female
Details
2,31,562
10,12,472
5,47,050
4,65,422
1,43,034
75,688
67,346
1,40,567
73,416
67,151
19,401
10,243
9,158
Source: Demography Department

Table 1.8 Demographic details of PCMC with respect to Tehsil and District (Census 2001)
Sr.No. Particulars
District
Tehsil
72,32,555
13,53,050
PCMC
Jurisdiction
10,12,472
Population (Total)
Male/ Female Population Ratio
52/48
54/46
54/46
Population under 06 year (%)
13.40
14.15
14.13
4
5
Scheduled Caste (%)

Scheduled Tribes (%)
10.53
3.62
13.21
1.95
13.88
1.92
Literacy (%)
69.67
71.79
73.61
Male / Female Literacy Ratio
57/43
58/42
58/42
Source: Census Handbook 2001
1.5.2 Population Projection

During the two decades (1981-2001) prior to the last one, the decadal growth rate in
population has been around 100%. Subsequently, the addition of new areas showed a
downward trend; however, this would still be on the higher side for the next three decades
due to all-round economic development of the Pune region. Accordingly, the population
reached to 17.29 lakh in 2011 and estimated to reach 21.50 lakhs in 2021 and over 29 lakhs
in 2031 (Table 1.9). A large chunk of the current younger generation is expected to start
families within the next decade and the population is likely to escalate to the projected
level. It may be mentioned that the population of Pimpri Chinchwad in the last two decades
grew at an annual average rate of over 7% against the national average of 2.1% and state
average of about 3.3%.
Table 1.9 Population forecast in PCMC area till 2031

Census Year Total Population
2021
21,50,317
2031
29,07,757
Decadal Change
6,43,074
7,57,440
Growth Rate (%)

42.67
35.22
Source: CMP for PCMC

Highlights of Demography structure
Average sex ratio in the city is 916 females per 1000 males, as per 2001 Census.
Literacy rate of PCMC: 73.61 % (Source: PCMC Web portal) whereas, Male/
Female Literacy ratio is 58/42.
Population as per Census 2011: 17, 29, 359 (Source: PCMC Web portal)
Population Density: 9754 per Sq km (Source: PCMC Web portal)
As per DPSIR, 'PopulationDensity' is an importantindicator and its objective isto
harmonize the annual growth of a city's population. Density of population affects human
health in general by spreading diseases more quickly. Increased or decreased pressure on
an urban environment illustrates population density growth overtime.
Considering all the available records from different sources, the present population of
PCMC area in 2013 is projected as 20,00,000 for the purpose ESR 2013.
1.5.3 Other Demographic Indicators

As per the 2001 Census, Pimpri Chinchwad has a literacy rate of 73.61%, which is
marginally lower than that of Pune city (77%). In Pimpri-Chinchwad, more than 60% of
the population growth has taken place as a result of migration, largely due to employment
opportunities, prevailing in the region. Pimpri Chinchwad has a sex ratio of 916 females
for every 1000 males as per Census 2001, which is much better than that of Pune wherein
it is 840 females for every 1000 males.
1.5.4 Literacy Rate

Pimpri-Chinchwad city has a literacy rate of 73.61% (Table 1.10). Males have a higher
literacy rate of 78.93% as compared to 67.36 % for females.
Table 1.10 Literacy rate in PCMC area
Population
Male
Female
Total
10,12,472
5,47,050
4,65,422
Percent
100.0
54.3
45.7
Literate
7,45,317
4,31,785
3,13,532
Percent
73.61
78.93
67.36
Source: Census 2001
10
'Literacy Rate' is one of the important DPSIR indicators, and its objective is to achieve
universal literacy. Literacy is important:
as a human right,
for inner discovery and self-liberation,
for creating and sharing knowledge and wisdom universally,
for individual and community empowerment for all (female and male),
as a tool for integrated sustainable development,
for an active contribution to the information revolution,
for overcoming exclusion,
for learning throughout life
As a tool for participation, democratization and political
1.6 Economy
Pimpri Chinchwad is a major industrial hub and hosts one of the biggest industrial zones in
Asia. Industrialization dates back to 1954 with starting of Hindustan Antibiotics Limited,
when MIDC took initiative and bought land in this area. This town is home to the Indian
operations of major automobile companies like Premier Limited, Mahindra Navistar, Bajaj
Auto, TATA Motors (formerly TELCO), Kinetic Engineering, Force Motors (formerly
Bajaj Tempo), Daimler Chrysler and Autoline Industries. In addition to this, several heavy
industries, such as Forbes-Marshall,Thermax, Thyssen Krupp and Alfa Laval & Sandvik
Asia have their manufacturing units in the town. Also, the German company KSB Pumps,
Swedish bearing company SKF and Rajiv Gandhi Infotech Park hosting several Software
and Information Technology majors like Accenture, IBM India, KPIT Cummins, Tata
Technologies, Infosys, Wipro, Geometric Limited, Finolex cables limited, SQS India,
Infosystems Pvt. Ltd., BNY Mellon (India) etc. are the key attractions of PCMC area.
Chakan is now home to a Special Economic Zone (SEZ) promoted by the Maharashtra
Industrial Development Corporation (MIDC). It has evolved into a major automobile
hub. It hosts automobile production plants for the Volkswagen Group, MercedesBenz, Mahindra & Mahindra and Bajaj Auto. Over 750 units of large, medium and small
industries, including a number of automobile component manufacturers are based in this
area.
1.7 Slums
1.7.1 Area and Population
The urban poor population (slum population) of Pimpri Chinchwad is estimated to be
about 14.56% (Table 1.11) of the total population of the city. Rapid growth of slums has
been largely the function of the economic growth of city, non-availability of EWS/LIG
housing and adequate service levels in some pockets of slums leading to deteriorating
environmental conditions. In total 71 slum settlements are distributed in 3 different types
of lands (Table 1.12).
11
Table 1.11 Details of slums in PCMC area

Particulars
Number of Slum settlements
Total population in Slums
Declared Slum Nos.
Non-declared Slum Nos.
Declared slum Population
Non declared slum Population
Population living in Slum ( % )
Numbers
71
1,47,810
37
34
80,862
66,948
14.56
Source:PCMC website
Table 1.12 Location of Slums as per land tenure
No. of slum
Land ownership
22
Government Land, PCMC
24
Government & Private land, PCNTDA, MIDC
25
Private
71
Total
Source: PCMC website
1.7.2 Access to Basic Services and Amenities in Slums

PCMC had engaged an independent agency to identify the existing level of services in the
slums. The agency concluded a poor level of services in each of the slums
independently and as a comprehensive unit. According to City Development Plan
(2006-2012), there are 12 seats of public accessibility for every 1000 slum dwellers and
there are six water tap connections for every 1000 slum dwellers indicating the inadequacy
of basic amenities like water supply and sanitation to the slum dwellers in the city. In
addition to infrastructure services, social meeting points like welfare centres are also
missing in all slums in the PCMC area.
1.7.3 Slum Rehabilitation Projects

Under JnNURM-BSUP following Slum Rehabilitation Projects have been taken for the
purpose of providing better services to slum dwellers (Plate 1.2). The beneficiaries of
these projects are summarised in Table 1.13.
12
Plate 1.2 Implementation of SRA scheme in PCMC area

Table 1.13 Beneficiaries of Slum Rehabilitation Projects
Name of the Project
Sector 22, Nigdi
Ajanthanagar
Vitthalnagar
Vetalnagar
Udyognagar
Beneficiaries as on Jan 13
2800
336
672
336
--
Source: SRA Department, PCMC

Carpet area of one tenement is 25 sq. m (269 sq. ft). Each tenement contains one
multipurpose hall, one kitchen with attached W.C. and bathroom. The buildings are being
constructed with the help of monolithic construction technology.
1.7.4 Key Issues With Regard to Slums
A large number of slum dwellers in the city have taken shelter to easily available
locations like the river bed and banks, edges of railway lines and hill slopes apart from
vacant industrial lands. These slum dwellers do not have access to basic services
and thus their living conditions are unhygienic. Also, these concentrations of slums
along environmentally sensitive areas are dense. This is also leading to environmental
degradation of these locations.
There is a general lack of awareness of the various slum development schemes and
programmes announced from time to time by the central and state governments. Even
the innovative SRA scheme is also facing a similar situation. This is primarily leading
to long delays in implementation of the programmes and hence the benefits are not
reaching to concerned people.
While the Government of Maharashtra has notified that slum dwellers settled prior to
1995 will be eligible under various slum development and rehabilitation programs,
there is not enough clarity on those who settled in the city post-1995. Recent surveys
indicated large numbers of such slum dwellers in this area. This situation can turn into
13
a potential cause for confrontation leading to delays in the implementation of related

programmes.
1.8 E-Governance
Digital Governance is about giving better services to citizens. Major change is required in
the way we work. Additionally, municipal outlook towards citizen also needs to be
changed. E-governance is a mechanism to build prosperity and provide better environment
to the citizens in the PCMC area.
E-governance or electronic governance may be defined as delivery of government services
and information to the public using electronic means. Use of IT in government facilitates
an efficient, speedy and transparent process for disseminating information to the public and
other agencies, and performing administration activities.
The advent of Information Technology as a highly leveraged enabling tool for delivery of
services in the public has now been universally recognized. This has refined the
fundamentals and has the potential to change the institutions and its mechanism. The
objective of E-governance goes far beyond mere computerization. This gives new set of
responsibilities to employees of corporation. In last few years government has taken
tremendous initiatives toward ushering in Information Technology. The emphasis was
providing better services to citizens and improving internal productivity.
1.8.1 Vision
The vision for fully e-Governed Corporation of Pimpri Chinchwad is that the citizen of
PCMC area should be the focal point of each operation and every employee of PCMC
should be able to give support and information to the citizens immediately. Citizen should
be able to get the information live on the website as and when required on any issue. There
should not be any duplication of work and the data should be managed very efficiently,
which should also be helpful in decision making. Every employee of PCMC should be
computer-literate and should have proficiency in doing the job with the help of computer.
Attempt has been made on such activities by PCMC in recent years, which has been
recognized through different awards (Plates 1.3 to 1.8).
1.8.2 Benefits to Citizens

The first and the foremost benefit of e-governance to citizen is the access to information at
help desk. The benefits to citizens are listed below
Direct contact with the head of the officials through mail. This will help them to have a
dialogue with them to satisfy the queries.
One visit solution: The citizens should get all the information from the web and they
will have to come only once to get any certificate from the PCMC Office.
Citizens will be able to register their complaints online on the PCMC website.
14
Payment services: This will enable them to pay all the bills of PCMC as well as other
agencies at one place and on all days. The environment will have electronic queuing
system and best infrastructure will be provided to these services.
Reduction in response time to the processes of PCMC.
Overall increase in efficiency will help to lift the satisfaction amongst citizens.
Information through web to all citizens.
As citizen-customers become more familiar to web they will expect more services on
net.
Accordingly the mission statement of each year can be defined as:
First Year:All computerization efforts are oriented towards providing better services to
citizens by computerization of select departments.
Second Year:In the second year efforts should be concentrated on enhancement of facilities to
citizens and Industries on the web and computerization of all the departments should be
completed.
Third Year:Enhancement of Web related services and introducing revolutionary approaches

to the system for optimization of resources. During this year, the focus will be on stabilizing
all the processes for further improvement by introducing innovative approaches.
Fourth Year:The year will focus on introduction of High tech solutions to citizens, like
providing smart card to every citizen and making payments through such cards.
15
Recognition Received by PCMC
Plate 1.3
Plate 1.5
Plate 1.7
Plate 1.4
Plate 1.6
Plate 1.8
Plate 1.3 Plate A: JnNURM Awards 2011 for improvement in Water Supply and Waste
Water Sector
Plate 1.4 JnNURM Best City Award 2011
Plate 1.5 JnNURM Awards 2011Best City in Effective Enforcement of Pro-Poor Reforms
Plate 1.6 Urban Transport Award 2010, New Delhi
Plate 1.7 National e-Governance Awards 2012-For Exemplary Implementation of eGovernance initiatives. SKOCH AwardsCitizens Service
Plate 1.8 EDGE Award, Mumbai
16
17
18
2.
Social Environment
2.1 Introduction
Social environment deals with places where people live, work and interact with each
other. Social environment also influences the health and well-being of the surrounding
people. It includes factors, such as living conditions, health & hygiene, education, and
infrastructural facilities. Socially disadvantaged people who live in slums or Below
Poverty Line (BPL) tend to have less access to the basic living amenities. Hence, it is
mandatory for every urban local body to provide all the necessary facilities equally in
their jurisdiction. This chapter deals with facilities, amenities and services provided by
the Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation; such as, health & educational facilities,
power & water supply, transport, sewage system, solid waste management and
entertainment. Water supply, sewerage system and solid waste management are
covered in detail in respective chapters.
2.2 Health
Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the
absence of disease or infirmity. Environmental health addresses all the physical,
chemical and biological factors external to a person and all the related factors that can
potentially affect health. Changing food habits is proven to be one of the major
causative factors of most of the diseases prevalent today.
Social health care is an important Driver, Pressure, State, Impact and Response
(DPSIR) indicator and its objective is to improve health conditions. Health care costs
are linked to social, economic and environmental conditions in a city. Better
environmental conditions and improved public health play an important role in
sustainable economic growth which is a necessary for reducing poverty.
2.2.1 Heath Care Facilities in PCMC Area

Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation has recognised that the good health is
essential to human welfare and to sustain economic and social development. Health
being the fundamental human right and a worldwide social goal, PCMC has adopted
the World Health Assemblys vision of Health for All and is directing its actions
towards attaining this goal.
Since 1981 PCMC has been developing its primary health care system so that it
reaches out to the most of its underserved population. From a very small beginning of
19
merely 2 dispensaries in 1981, today PCMC has a network of 21 dispensaries to cater

to the primary health needs of its citizens.
In addition to its 21 dispensaries there are two secondary care hospitals, five maternity
homes and one superspeciality hospital (Yashwantrao Chavan Memorial Hospital)
which has fully trained specialist and super specialists and all modern equipment, a
cathlab, dialysis unit, MRI and CT scan services.
Apart from services provided by the municipal corporation there is a government run
Aundh District Hospital within the area of PCMC which is also well equipped with
300 beds. There are 89 private hospitals and in total 275 Maternity Homes, Pediatric
Nursing Homes, and Eye Hospitals registered in PCMC jurisdiction.Table 2.1 enlists
number of health care facilities and other attributes available in PCMC area.
Table 2.1 Health care facilities available in PCMC (2011-12)
Sr.No. Category
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
PCMC hospitals
Dispensaries
MCH
ICDS. (Integrated Child Development Scheme)
Veterinary clinics
Blood Bank
Post mortem center
ART center
Urban leprosy Center
TB Unit
Number
8
21
31
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
Source: Health Department, PCMC.

There are total 1030 hospital beds in Government hospitals run by PCMC and
additional 300 beds are available in Aundh District Hospital run by the State
Government.Whereas, 7208 additional beds are available in 364 private hospitals
spread across the city. Taking into consideration private and Government hospitals
there are 8358 beds available for the estimated PCMC populationof 20 lakh.
Statistically there are mighty 4.18 beds available per 1000 persons. The world average
is 3.96, and overall average in India is 0.7 for the same (Report on Health System of
India, Academy for International Health Studies 2008). Number of hospital beds per
1000 persons available in PCMC facilities appears to be too high for the Indian
standards and slightly more than the world average.
There are some sectors, where strong and obvious links between health and
environment is observed. To name a few, linkages between population and social
health, water supply and sanitation, environmental pollution and natural resources/food
security are of great importance. In most developing countries, health is directly
affected by negative changes in the environment, such as soil erosion, drought, floods
20
and pollution. The health sector administration in many cases is still oriented towards
the curative rather than the preventive measures.
2.2.2 Communicable Diseases

Communicable diseases are the illness caused by microorganisms and transmitted from
an infected person or animal. These diseases are transmitted by direct or indirect
contact with infected persons or with their excreta. Most diseases are spread through
contact or close proximity because the causative bacteria or viruses are airborne; i.e.
they can be expelled from the nose and mouth of the infected person and inhaled by
anyone in the vicinity. Such diseases include diphtheria, tuberculosis, polio measles,
mumps, whooping cough, influenza and chicken pox. Diseases like swine flu, dengue
and AIDS are of great public concern in recent years.
The infectious agents are called pathogens and they are spread through air, water, food,
body fluids, and through non human carriers called vectors like insects (mosquitoes,
flies, ticks etc.) and animals (rodents, monkeys etc.). Depending on the mode of
transmission, communicable diseases are categorized into water, air or vector borne
diseases.
According to the indicators given by DPSIR, health care is an important indicator and
its objective is to improve health conditions. Health care indicator costs are linked to
social, economic and environmental conditions in a city. Improving the health of
people as well as of the environment is necessary for sustainable economic growth,
and is a precondition for reducing poverty.
Waterborne diseases are the diseases acquired by drinking contaminated water at its
source or in the distribution system, or by direct contact with recreational waters.
Waterborne diseases result from infection with pathogenic microorganisms or
chemical poisoning. Number of patients suffering from waterborne diseases in 2011-12
has been reduced as compared to previous year, while sexual transmitted disease cases
have increased since 2011-12. Details regarding number of patients suffering from
different diseases are listed in Table 2.2.
Table 2.2 Patients suffering from diseases in PCMC area
Source
Mosquito
Water
Human Sex
Diseases
Malaria
Dengue
Gastroenteritis
Jaundice
Typhoid
AIDS
STD
2010 2011
413
390
538
149
635
473
6844
2011 2012
274
86
520
161
289
552
9067
Source: Health Department, PCMC.

21
2.2.3 Non-communicable Disease

A non-communicable disease(NCD) is a medical condition or disease which by definition
is non-infectious and non-transmissible to other people. NCDs may be chronic diseases of
long duration and slow progression, or they may result in more rapid death such as some
types of sudden stroke. They include autoimmune diseases, heart disease, stroke, cancer,
asthma, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, osteoporosis, Alzheimer's disease, cataracts and
more. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports NCDs to be by far the leading cause
of mortality in the world, representing over 60% of all deaths.
Sufficient data on NCD in PCMC area are not available. A recent publication by Bayan et.
al (Int.J.Critical Illness & Injury Sc., vol. 3,1, p8-11, 2003) on a series of cases of non-fatal
road traffic accidents in two tertiary care hospitals in Pimpri, Pune, revealed that a total of
212 non-fatal road traffic accident patients were admitted over a period of one year in these
two hospitals. The ratio of male: female was almost 5: 1. The maximum accidents occurred
on Sundays and Mondays and the least around mid week (Wednesday). Pedestrians were
the most vulnerable group, followed by drivers and pillion riders on two wheelers. These
categories of road users contributed to almost 80% of the cases of Road Traffic Injuries.
Accidents were more likely in the time zone of 8 pm to midnight, followed by 4 pm to 8
pm. A majority of the victims reported impaired visibility and fatigue as the cause of
accident. Almost half (46.22%) of the injured people confessed that they were under the
influence of alcohol during the accident.
The life expectancy at birth is probably the best indicator of a community's current
health status and is often cited as an overall measure of a population's welfare or
quality of life. Therefore, life expectancy in developing countries is lower than in
developed countries. As per DPSIR indicators, 'life expectancy at birth' is an indicator
having an objective to improve health status and quality of life.
2.3 Education
Schools in Pimpri Chinchwad city are either run by PCMC, which are called as
municipal schools, or privately run by trusts and individuals. According to studies
conducted by the education department of PCMC, there are total 136 primary schools
with 49,369 students and 1313 teachers(Table 2.3). These schools are categorized
under four groups based on media (Marathi, Urdu, Hindi and English) of teaching.
There are in total 208 secondary schools in the city educating 94,733 students (Table
2.4).
22
Table 2.3 Primary educational facility in the city schools, managed by PCMC
Language
Marathi
Hindi
English
Urdu
No. of Schools
119
03
02
12
No. of students
43305
996
922
4146
No. of Teachers
1163
23
21
106
136
49,369
1313
Total
Source: Education Department, PCMC.

Table 2.4 Secondary schools in PCMC area
Aided
schools
Total
no.
of
schools
No. of Municipal
Schools
No. of students
No. of staff
Un aided
schools
All time un-aided

schools
Total
72
21
115
208
15
00
03
18
38,122
8976
47,635
94,733
774
162
841
1777
Source: Education Department, PCMC.

Student Teacher Ratio for primary schools is 38:1 and for secondary schools it is
53:1. Lower student-teacher ratio indicates the accessibility of the teachers and it can
possibly affect the quality of education. The fact that basic education is necessary and
it is a fundamental human right has long been recognized by the international
community.
'Access to Education' and 'Years of Formal Education' are the DPSIR indicators with
an objective of free and compulsory education for all, at least at the elementary and
fundamental levels - commonly known as a 'basic education'; (Article 26 of the
Universal Declaration of Human Rights).
'School Attendance' is one of the indicators of DPSIR, with an objective to improve

access to and completion of primary and secondary education. For this, data required
is pupils from ages 12-15 who attend public schools versus the total number of pupils
from ages 12-15 that are required to attend.
2.4 Power Consumption
23
Supply of adequate, uninterrupted and quality power plays a crucial role in

development of any city. Most of the civic amenities and utilities of Pimpri Chinchwad
are dependent on power supply. Presently, Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution
Company Limited (MSEDCL) is a licensee to distribute electric power in PimpriChinchwad city.
The data provided by MSEDCL, as shown in Table 2.5, indicate that maximum unit
consumption is in residential sector while least in water supply. Loss in electricity
distribution has been reduced in 2011-12 (Table 2.6) as compared to previous year.
Table 2.5 Sector wise Electricity Consumption in 2011-12
Sector
Residential
Commercial
Industrial
Units (Million KWh)

287.67
69.8
42.25
PCMC Building & Facilities
Street Light
13.27
Water Supply by PCMC
0.75
Others
1.17
Source: MSEDCL, PCMC.

Table 2.6 Total Sale and Loss in Electricity Distribution
City
Total Sale (Millions Units

Total Loss in %
Yearly)
2010-2011
2011-2012 % increase 2010-2011 2011-2012 % increase
1109.37
1221.26
10.09
17.67
16.36
- 1.31
Pimpri Chinchwad
City
Source: MSEDCL, PCMC.

As per DPSIR 'Total Energy Consumption' indicator aims to reduce overall energy
consumption. By reducing the amount of electricity that we consume, we can reduce
emissions of greenhouse gases and help stop global warming. Electricity consumption
impacts air quality and greenhouse gas emissions.
2.5 Transport
Transportation system of a city has one of the biggest impacts on the health of the city
and citizens. Cities which relay on private motorized vehicles (cars and two-wheelers)
suffer from congestion, pollution and increased number of road accidents.
Additionally, natural and built heritage of the city is under severe threat of destruction
due to increasing demand of space required for developing transportation
infrastructure. Internationally and now even at the national level (see box on National
24
Urban Transport Policy); transportation policy gives importance to public transport

with an added emphasis on pedestrians and cyclists.
It is projected that Pimpri-Chinchwad population would increase up to 29 lakhs in
2031.The mobility needs of the current population, as well as those yet to join the
urban population are to be met through planning of traffic and transport systems.
Vision of the National Urban Transport Policy
To recognize that people occupy center stage in our cities and all plans would be for
their common benefit and well being
To make our cities the most livable in the world and enable them to become the
"engines of economic growth" that power India's development in the 21st century
To allow our cities to evolve into an urban form that is best suited for the unique
geography of their locations and is best placed to support the main social and
economic activities that take place in the city.
The objective of the National Urban Transport Policy is to ensure safe, affordable,
quick,comfortable, reliable and sustainable access for the growing number of city
residents to jobs,education, recreation and such other needs with our cities.
http://moud.nic.in
2.5.1 Pune Mahanagar Parivahan Mahamandal Ltd. (PMPML)

Public transport is any form of transport that can carry many people at a time along
pre-specified routes following pre-published schedule. Since Public Transport carries
many people in one vehicle, the pollution, resource consumption and accident rates are
much lesser than individual private vehicles.
The Pimpri-Chinchwad Transportation operates a fleet of about 345 buses on 75 routes
(Table 2.7). Considering insufficient public transport provision, a number of major
manufacturing companies have provisions to provide commuter bus service for the
sole use of their employees, thereby guaranteeing their employees reaching destination
on time.
Table 2.7 Statistical details of PMPML for PCMC area
Sr.No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Particulars
Own buses (average per day)
Rental Buses (average per day)
Shuttle marg
Depots
Routes
Passengers traveling in a month (Ticket Sale + Passes)
Number (2011-12)
256
89
18
3
75
Distance traveled by buses per day (Km)

Diesel consumed (liters per day)
Revenue per day: Ticket Sale + Passes (Rs.)
Distance traveled per bus per day(km)
Employees
Total population of the city
67,162
6,667
25,02,325
231.7
1574
17.29 lakhs
70,39,170
25
13
5011
Citizens per bus
Source: PMPML, PCMC.

Different transport modes place pressures on the environment. Public transport saves
valuable space and energy compared to private transport, and has positive health
benefits. The objective of DPSIR is to improve access to public transportation for all.
The number of buses per lakh population is an important indicator for the adequacy of
services in the city. The CIRT norms specify 40 buses per lakh population.
Traffic volumes are defined as number of vehicles (vehicles-km) and number of
vehicles on main routes. This indicator measures the pressures on both physical and
human environments in a city. The DPSIR indicator for Transport Mode is applied in
good details wherein the modal split is shown in Table 2.8.
2.5.2 Private Transportation

In 2012, a total of 88,659 vehicles were registered in the city of which 63,339 are two
wheelers accounting for about 74.8 % of newly registered vehicle fleet (Table 2.8).
Table 2.8 Registered vehicles in PCMC area (2011-12)
Sr. No.
1
2
3
4
Category
Total 2 Wheelers
Motor Cars
Station Wagons
Total 4 Wheelers
Taxi Cabs, Rickshaws, Bus. Ambulances, Trucks, tractors etc.
Total
As on 31.12.12
63,339
17,448
13
17,461
7,859
88,659
Source: Pune Police Commissioner and Pune District Rural Police (Dehu Road & Vishrantwadi Poice
Station)
2.5.3 Road Accidents

The information from Pune Police Commissioner towards accidents in 2012 for the
broad area covering PCMC, Cantonment boards and suburban areas is presented in
Table 2.9.
Table 2.9 Accident cases in PCMC and associated areas 2012-13
Criteria
Seriously injured
Minor injury
Total injuries
Death
Total accidents
Year 2012
129
274
403
151
494
Source: R.T.O, Pimpri Chinchwad, Pune.
26
2.6 Socio-Economic Status

Industrialization in Pimpri area commenced with the establishment of Hindustan
Antibiotics Limited in 1954. The establishment of the Maharashtra Industrial Development
Corporation (MIDC) in 1961-62 considerably facilitated industrial development in the
area. The wave of establishing industries (Bajaj and Telco pioneering this wave in 1966
and 1976 respectively) was initiated in the middle of the 20th century.
The urban development of Pimpri Chinchwad took place almost entirely along the old
Mumbai-Pune highway. Civic amenities like shopping complexes and hospitals are also
situated along the old Mumbai-Pune highway. Establishment of the Pimpri-Chinchwad
New Town Development Authority (PCNTDA) in the 80s helped the development of
proper residential colonies in the 90s. Affordable housing was provided by the PCNTDA
to a large number of workers and lower & middle income group citizens. The
establishment of large-scale core industries has led to the growth of ancillary and smallscale industries in and around this industrial belt. The landscape in the region has seen
significant changes over the years with agricultural land giving way to enclosed factory
campuses. Today, Pimpri Chinchwad is a major industrial center in the Pune region and
possibly of the entire country. The statistical details of different categories of people in
PCMC area and its proportion to the District and Tehsil is summarized in Table 2.10
Indicator Unemployment Rate is used to minimize unemployment rate.
Unemployment levels express health of economy and the success of government
economic policies. Data required includes, the average number of unemployment men
and women during the year, as a fraction of the workforce.
Household income disparity is a DPSIR indicator used to reduce to inequalities and
decrease the gap between richest and poorest people. A large income disparity causes
inequalities in access to education, resources, power, poverty, and related problems.
It also threatens the long term stability of economy. Income disparity among cities
richest and poorest people, as measured by the amount of household income earned
over one or more decades.
Table 2.10 Working Population Scenario
#
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Particulars
Total Workers to Total Population
Non Workers to Total Population
Main Workers to Total Population
Main Workers to Total Workers
Marginal Workers to Total Workers
Main Cultivators & Main Agricultural
Labours to Main Workers
Marginal Cultivators & Marginal
Agricultural Labours to Marginal Workers
Total Cultivators & Total Agricultural
Labours to Total Workers
District (%)
40.85
59.15
36.58
89.54
10.46
Tehsil (%)
36.72
63.28
33.81
92.09
7.91
PCMC (%)
34.6
65.4
32.38
93.59
6.41
37.31
16.1
2.39
58.57
34.12
9.26
39.54
17.53
2.83
27
9
10
11
12
Others to Total Workers

Total Cultivators & Total Agricultural
Labours to Total Population
Others to Total Population
Male/Female Total Workers
60.46
82.47
97.17
16.15
6.44
0.98
83.85
68/32
93.56
79/21
99.02
84/16
Source: Census Handbook 2001
28
29
As per Government norms, Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation (PCMC) has

introduced following concessions for encouraging the I.T. Industries in PCMC area.
1) PCMC relaxed its Octroi Rules in 2001 and introduced total exemption for the
material/goods imported during the period 14/04/2005 to 03/06/2008 to the I.T.
Industries as per the Government Resolution no. ITP/2003/3311/industries/7 dated.
12/07/2003
2) While assessing the taxes for I.T. Industries PCMC implemented the systems of
12% taxes instead of 28% tax for the properties of I.T. Industries. Further, PCMC
adopted the policy of charging the concessional rate of Rs. 1/- per sq. for nonresidential properties of I.T. Industries, while those who constructed on their own plot
and started I.T. Industries for a period of 5 years (2005 - 2006 to 2009 2010) were
not assessed the properties as non-residential properties following the rules prevailing
on date. Different types of encouragements are mentioned hereunder.
For encouraging the automobile industries, chemical industries, medicine & heavy
industries in PCMC area, the corporation have reduced the octroi rates from 3% to
1.65%.
For modernization of old industries, expansion of industries, as well as
introducing new industries octroi rates have been reduced from 2.50% to 1.25%
for import of machinery.
Godown facility under the control of Maharashtra Ware Housing Corporation is
available.
Being a pioneering industrial & education township, Pimpri Chinchwad has
skilled workmen.
Various transport & communication facilities for transports industrial goods in
abundance such as vehicles, railway. It is proposed to start an International
Airport at Chakan.
PCMC distributes the vacant blocks/galas as per first come first serve system on
rent / lease base. Similarly new commercial blocks galas are given to the highest
bidder on rental basis / leave basis / on sale too. For this purpose tenders are
floated in daily newspapers. After finalization of tender, approved tender has to
enter into an agreement with the municipal corporation and has to pay 6 months
rent in advance to the corporation and accordingly the gala is handed over to the
lease holder.
2.7 Green Building Rating System

In order to conserve and protect the environment in the city, the Pimpri Chinchwad
Municipal Corporation has implemented Green Building Rating System. GRIHA; a Green
Rating System, developed by Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) and TERI
is implemented in the city through ADaRSH. Projects having more than 2500 sq. m area
are considered for GRIHA rating whereas, plots smaller than 2500 sq. m are rated under
SVAGRIHA green building rating system.
The primary objective of the rating system is to help designing green buildings that will be
useful to evaluate the greenness of buildings. The voluntary rating system devised by
30
TERI aims to achieve efficient resource utilization and to enhance resource efficiency and
quality of life in buildings.
GRIHA has a 100-point system consisting of some core points, which are mandatory to
meet while the rest are non-mandatory or optional points that can be earned by complying
with the commitment of the criteria for which the points are allocated. Under the Green
Building Initiative of PCMC it is expected that all future buildings within the PCMC shall
be GRIHA compliant, developers who commission GRIHA compliant projects shall
qualify for rebates on premium and owners of GRIHA compliant buildings will receive a
rebate in property tax.
Premiums and rebates in property tax given by the PCMC to compliant of GRIHA and
SVAGRIHA projects are as follows:
Table 2.11 Premium and rebate given to GRIHA and SVAGRIHA projects
% points scored Rating
50-60
61-70
71-80
81-90
91-100
25-30
31-35
36-40
41-45
46-50
Rebates
on Rebate in Property Tax
premium
GRIHA Projects
*
10%
-**
20%
-***
30%
5%
****
40%
8%
*****
50%
10%
SVAGRIHA Projects
*
10%
5%
**
20%
8%
***
30%
10%
****
40%
12%
*****
50%
15%
Source: PCMC Green building rating system
2.8 Heritage
The great Saint Tukaram Maharaj was born in village Dehu, situated in the vicinity of
Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation. The great saint had taken heavenly abode
350 years ago. Whereas Shivaji
Maharaj was the founder of the
Maratha Empire and he established a
competent and progressive civil rule.
The meeting of two great architects of
Maharashtra indicates the unique
presentation of strength, spiritualism
and accordingly aunique project, named
"Bhakti Shakti" is developed in this
area. The entire complex is situated on
Plate 2.1 Bhakti Shakti Statue in Nigdi
31
a hill rock just near Mumbai Pune National Highway in sector no. 23 of Nigadi,
PCNTDA. On this location PCMC has taken a great opportunity to install a group
statue of Shivaji Maharaj, the great emperor of Maharashtra and saint Tukaram
Maharaj. The entire complex of sculpture on the hill rock is planned with proposed
beautiful landscaping in a 0.8 sq km area and the same has become the most
acknowledged landmark for Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation.
2.9 Tourism
Pimpri Chinchwad Science Centre: The Pimpri Chinchwad Science Centre has been
set up by National Council of Science Museums, an autonomous society under the
Ministry of Culture, Government of India
with active support from the PCMC, one of
the richest municipal corporations in India.
The centre, through its interactive science
exhibitions
and
non-formal
science
education programmes are expected to cater
the people of the region.
Plate 2.2 Science Centre
The Science Centre having a built-up area of

approx. 4000 sq. m holds three exhibition halls, a temporary exhibition hall, an
inflatable dome planetarium, science demo station area, activity corner, an airconditioned auditorium,3D science show facility, a library cum conference hall, a
small work shop for maintenance and development of exhibits and other public
facilities surrounded by a large science park.
Nisargakavi Bahinabai Chaudhary zoo:

Bahinabai
Choudhary
Pranisangrahalay,
previously known as Snake Park & Aviary, is a
small zoo established by PCMC, and
recognized by the Central Zoo Authority. This
zoo has witnessed continuously increasing
visitors that are more during summer months.
Plate 2.3 Nisargakavi Bahinabai Chaudhary zoo
32
Durgadevi Hill Park:Durgadevi park is a

prestigious aspects of this corporation where over
1,60,000 trees such as rain tree, Pelthohorum,
Ficus, Neem, Glyricidia, Suru, Sisoo, Kasid,
Subabul etc have been planted on an area of 75 ha,.
A lawn on over 10 ha of land has been maintained
for recreation purposes. A well maintained jogging
track of 2.5 km length is an important place for
Plate 2.4 Durga Devi Hill Park
senior citizen and adults for morning exercise.
Waterfall and floating fountain are added natural beauties of this hill station.
33
3.
Water Environment
3.1 Water Resources

3.1.1 Surface Water
Approximately 1.13% of PCMC area is covered by surface water bodies. Growing
industrialization and urbanization are responsible for rapidly depleting global fresh water
reserves. The city is gifted with three rivers viz. Mula, Indrayani and Pawana. In addition
to these rivers, there are few lakes, reservoirs, ponds etc. within the PCMC area. Rivers
and lakes have been the main source of surface waters. These water bodies are at high risk
due to discharge from nallah waters, industrial waste water, anthropogenic activities,
dumping of solid wastes etc. Since these water bodies are used for agriculture &
aquaculture, in addition to bathing, washing clothes, vehicles and cattle, and cleaning
activities by nearby residents, there is a need to evaluate the water characteristics and
suggest techno-economically viable mitigation measures. In view of this, studies were
undertaken on certain pollution indicating parameters viz. pH, COD, BOD, DO and Total
coliform. All samples were collected and analysed by following internationally accepted
standard methods.
3.1.1.1 Water characteristics: Rivers
Physico-chemical and microbiological characteristics of water samples, collected from
Pawana river in October 2012 and 2 rivers Indrayani (~ 16 km) and Mula (~ 4km) in the
month of January 2013 are summarised in Tables 3.1 and Table 3.2 respectively.
Table 3.1 Water characteristics of Pawana River in PCMC Area (Oct 2012)
Sr.
No
Parameters
Location
MPCB Standard(RRZ A-IV

Irrigation Standards)
1 Ravet Bandhara
200 m d/s from Ravet
2
Bandhara
600m d/s from Ravet
3
Bandhara
1500 m d/s from Ravet
4
Bandhara
2000m d/s from Ravet
5
Bandhara
6 100m u/s from Morya Bridge
7 Near Morya Bridge
8 50 m d/s From Morya Bridge
150 m d/s From Morya
9
Bridge
10 Thergaon Smashanbhumi
34
pH
6.59.0
7.1
6.9
7.3
7.1
7.3
7
6.9
7.5
7.3
7.3
DO
(mg/l)
Not less
than 2
2.5
2.4
BOO
(mg/l)
COD TSS Total coliform

(mg/l) (mg/l) (MPN/100ml)
30
150
26
48
200
3.4 x 104
23
36
206
2.4 x 105
20
24
156
1.6 x 105
26
48
294
3.0 x 104
28
56
236
3.8 x 106
1.9
1.7
1.5
1.4
34
24
32
80
62
72
196
254
315
3.6 x 104
2.8 x 104
3.4 x 104
39
120
324
5.3 x 105
1.1
40
136
386
5.8 x 104
2.1
2.1
2.0
Sr.
No
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
Parameters
Location
500 m d/s of Thergaon
Smashanbhumi
Keshavnagar (Kalewadi
Bridge)
Smashanbhumi Kalewadi
Pawananagar Garden
Kalewadi
Gavde colony link road
100 m d/s From Gavde
colony link road
Bhatanagar Smashanbhumi
Bhatanagar Nallah
Bhatanagar (slum nallah)
Delux nallah (near Kalewadi
Bridge)
Kalewadi Vijay nagar
Rahatani Smashanbhumi
Pimple Soudagar (nr.
Temple)
Pimpalgaon pump House
Sangavi STP
Khadaki (near Smashan
Garden)
Khadaki Smashanbhumi
200m u/s From Alfa laval
Kasarwadi (nr.
Smashanbhumi)
Pimple Gurav (Tuljabhavani
Temple)
Near Pimple Gurav Bridge
Sangavi Garden
Dapodi STP
Dapodi Smashanbhumi
Average
pH
7.2
7.4
7.1
7.7
7.4
7.1
7.1
7.6
6.8
7.1
7.2
7.2
6.9
7.1
6.7
7.2
7.5
7.7
7.2
7.5
7.4
7.6
7.4
7.8
7.1
DO
(mg/l)
0.9
BOO
(mg/l)
COD TSS Total coliform

(mg/l) (mg/l) (MPN/100ml)
46
160
422
6.4 x 106
30
64
304
3.8 x 106
0.8
1.8
1.7
1.9
2.0
58
34
42
42
192
80
104
144
326
308
362
420
4.7 x 104
3.5 x 105
4.8 x 105
5.2 x 104
36
90
336
4.2 x 105
2.2
1.5
1.1
1.6
48
52
60
122
140
180
354
376
412
4.4 x 105
5.0 x 105
5.9 x 104
44
124
338
4.2 x 105
2.1
1.7
2.0
28
34
64
110
322
360
3.2 x 104
3.5 x 105
30
136
84
3.8 x 105
2.3
1.8
1.9
28
50
50
168
212
292
2.8 x 105
4.4 x 104
36
132
244
4.2 x 104
1.5
2
2.1
42
28
160
54
256
230
5.1 x 104
4.0 x 105
38
86
262
4.3 x 105
44
104
280
4.4 x 104
28
27
32
46
36
96
56
104
126
101
228
214
324
388
3.7 x 104
3.4 x 105
4.0 x 105
4.8 x 104
1.5
1.6
1.8
3.0
3.2
2.5
1.86
Source: Ultra Tech Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory

Based on water characteristics, Pawana River appears to be highly polluted in
PCMC area in comparison to Mula and Indrayani rivers. The river covers a
large distance of about 20 km through the city.
It gets polluted mainly due to discharge of nallah water, untreated sewage,
smashanbhumi (cremation) waste, industcrial wastewater etc.
As per the average values, COD of Pawana river is within the MPCB limit of 150
mg/l.
35
Since average values of BOD of Pawana river water is greater than 30 mg/l
(MPCB limit), it neither satisfies the requirement for agriculture nor the
fishery & wild life propagation.
Excessive levels of total suspended solids (TSS) and Total coliform do not
permit the water for human use like bathing, washing utensils, cloths etc.
For fish propagation, a minimum DO level of less than 2 mg/l is required
throughout the water column. Since lower levels of DO were available in surface
waters of rivers during day time, there is a possibility of development of anaerobic
condition during night hours due to absence of photosynthesis by phytoplankton
resulting in no production of oxygen. Such condition in bottom as well as surface
water leads to mass mortality of fish.
Table 3.2 Water characteristics of Indrayani & Mula Rivers in PCMC Area (Jan 2013)
#
Location
Parameters
Indrayani River
pH
DO
BOD
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
MPCB Standard (RRZ A-IV

Irrigation Standards)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
2
3
4
5
Talwade (East)
Talwade (West)
Before Chikhli Bridge (0.37
km)
Chikhali Bridge
Moshi
Alandi
Chikhali STP Outlet
Average
7.4
7.9
7.9
Wakad Bandhara
Balewadi
Pimpli nallah (upstream)
Pimple nallah (Down- stream)
Pimple STP
Average
7.4
7.7
7.3
7.4
7.3
6.5
6.9
6.8
6.7
COD
(mg/l)
TSS
(mg/l)
Total
Coliform
(MPN/100ml)
Not less
than
2 mg/l
3.0
4.0
3.0
30
mg/l
150
mg/l
36
30
34
62
58
54
292
268
322
3.8 x 105
3.2 x 104
4.2 x 105
3.1
3.6
3.0
3.4
3.3
Mula River
3.0
2.8
2.2
3.0
2.0
2.6
32
34
32
30
33
60
60
62
58
59
316
284
348
310
3.8 x 105
4.2 x 104
4.2 x 104
3.4 x 105
32
35
30
36
34
33
64
68
62
70
66
66
324
310
384
428
315
3.5 x 104
3.5 x 104
3.5 x 105
3.8 x 105
2.1 x 104

Note 1: u/s: Upstream; d/s: Downstream.
As per the average values, COD of Indrayani and Mula river is within the MPCB
limit of 150 mg/l.
36
Since average values of BOD of Indrayani and Mula river water is greater than
30 mg/l (MPCB limit), it neither satisfies the requirement for agriculture nor
the fishery & wild life propagation.
Total suspended solids (TSS) and Total coliform levels exceeded the
permissible limits due to anthropogenic activities like bathing, washing of
utensils, clothes, cattle bathing etc. and sewage contamination through nallahs.
For fish propagation, a minimum DO level of less than 2 mg/l is required
throughout the water column. Since higher levels of DO were observed in
Indrayani and Mula river the water is suitable for fish propogation.
3.1.1.2 Water characteristics: Lakes
Physico-chemical and microbiological characteristics of water samples, collected from 4
most important lakes (Plate 3.1: A to D) in the month of January 2013 are summarised in
Tables 3.3.
Plate 3.1 (A to D): Water sampling at different lakes in PCMC area
37
Table 3.3 Water characteristics of Lakes in PCMC Area (Oct 2012)

#
Parameters
Lake
Location
pH
DO
BOD
COD
TSS
Total Coliform
(MPN/100ml)
Bhosari Tale
7.2
7.1
18
30
4.2 x 102
Bird Valley
7.1
8.5
16
12
3.5 x 102
Ganesh Talav, Pradhikaran
7.5
4.2
22
49
4.3 x 103
Durgadevi Tale, Nigadi
7.3
6.4
20
38
3.8 x 103

Note: All the parameters except pH are expressed in mg/l, if not mentioned
BOD of lake water which is measured below 30.0 mg/l, satisfies the requirement
for fishery and wild life propagation. However, higher levels of Total coliform do
not permit for anthropogenic use.
Since DO levels of above lakes is more than 2 mg/l is it fit for fishery and wild life
propagation.
3.1.1.3 Water characteristics: Open nallah
Studies were undertaken on certain pollution indicating parameters viz. pH, TSS, COD,
BOD, DO, Total coliform etc. for 23 nallahs (Table 3.4). All samples were collected and
analysed following internationally accepted standard methods.
Physico-chemical and microbiological characteristics of water samples, collected from
selected major nallahs (Plate 3.2: A to D) in the month of January 2013 are summarised in
Tables 3.4.
38
Plate 3.2: (A to D) Water sampling at different open nallahs in PCMC area

Table 3.4 Water Characteristics of Different Nallahs in PCMC Area (Jan 2013)
Parameters
pH
DO
BOD
COD
TSS
Delux Nallah
Graware Nallah
Kuki Chinchwad
SKF Nallah
Rawet Nallah
Kivale Nallah
Thergaon MM high
school
7.5
7.3
7
7.4
7.2
7
0.5
0.3
1.1
0.2
0.8
0.6
36
48
38
38
36
38
92
120
108
100
98
88
358
410
380
450
410
398
Total
Coliform
(MPN/100ml)
8.8 x 106
7.6 x 106
5.4 x 107
6.5 x 106
7.2 x 106
8.1 x 108
7.1
0.6
42
108
400
6.5 x 106
Thergaon Smshanbhumi
7.3
0.5
41
104
512
4.2 x 107
9
10
7.6
6.9
1.6
1.3
38
42
86
98
388
316
5.8 x 106
8.4 x 106
0.8
45
104
392
4.6 x 107
12
Birla Hospital
Kaspatevasti
Jagtap Dairy
Smashanbhumi
Pimple Nillakh
7.2
1.5
39
102
398
7.2 x 106
13
Mantri Housing Dapodi
6.8
1.4
40
94
410
5.4 x 106
14
Fugewadi Smashanbhumi
6.9
1.8
36
86
498
4.8 x 106
#
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
11
Location
39
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
Bopkhel Nallah
Harris Bridge 'C' ward
Nashik Phatta
Sandvik Nallah
Moshi 'C' ward(I)
A ward Chikhali
A ward Akurdi
A ward Akurdi
Gurudwara
C' ward Kasarwadi STP
Average
7.1
7
6.8
7.1
6.9
7
6.7
0.3
1.9
2.2
0.4
0
0
1.8
46
41
35
40
46
42
35
92
110
84
116
134
120
40
384
396
416
368
456
500
460
6.7 x 107
5.8 x 106
4.9 x 106
7.5 x 107
5.3 x 106
5.1 x 106
4.8 x 108
1.6
38
54
384
5.4 x 106
7.8
1.9
45
72
426
6.4 x 106
1.0
40
96

Note: All the parameters except pH are expressed in mg/l, if not mentioned
Nallah waters in PCMC area are highly polluted, primarily due to discharge of
domestic wastes and industrial waste water.
Desirable level of DO in surface water is 2.0 mg/l & above. Due to discharge of
waste water it dropped down even up to anaerobic condition at certain
locations. BOD levels in nallah waters were also high and such conditions are unfit
even for fish culture.
In general, most of the parameters viz. Total coliform, TSS, DO and BOD were
also exceeded in all nallah samples.
Discharge of such nallah waters to receiving rivers/lakes causes eutrophication
leading to unhealthy condition and fish mortality.
3.1.2 Ground Water

Ground water has emerged as an important source to meet the water requirements of
various sectors. Demand for groundwater resources is ever increasing and competition
amongst users has intensified.
The occurrence, storage and movement of ground water are quite complex, being governed
by several factors like geology, geomorphology, hydrogeology, meteorology and above all
the anthropological activities. All these factors are subjective when it comes to urban and
peri-urban domains and makes the precise assessment of ground water very difficult. As it
stands today, there is no direct technique for precise assessment of ground water resources
in urban areas. Ground water Surveys and Development Agency (GSDA), Govt. of
Maharashtra did a scientific investigation report to study the shallow ground water. The
40
aim of study was to understand and examine the natural and anthropogenic factors that
affect the quantity and quality of ground water in the shallow aquifers.
Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation(PCMC) has dug up 527 bore wells in the past
eight years out of which a total of 283 borewells are in usable condition while the
remaining 244 borewells are not in usable condition.PCMC has made Rain Water
Harvesting mandatory for plots above 300 sq m area which will help to recharge the
ground water.
3.2 Water Supply

Pimpri Chinchwad city gets water supply from Pawana River. The present annual
requirement of the city is about 5.48 TMC and the total storage capacity of the Pawana
dam amounts to 10.77 TMC. The concerned department has set up benchmarks for the
volume of water that can be drawn from the river, quantity to be treated at the Water
Treatment Plants (WTPs) and distributed through the main pipelines and elevated storage
reservoirs (ESR). Taking into consideration the increasing population and demand for
water in Pimpri-Chinchwad, there is a need to identify new water sources. PCMC has
demanded to lift 100 MLD from Andhra Dam and 200 MLD from Bhama Askhed Dam to
the Irrigation Department. This additional water will be used to safeguard the water supply
of the newly added villages in the Municipal Corporation.
The PCMC draws 432 million litres per day (MLD) water from the Pawana River at the
Ravet bund and after treatment, distributes it to the entire city. There are four main water
treatment plants at Nigdi, from where seven pipelines supply water across the city. The
civic body has constructed 81 ESRs at various places, while 4 nos. are under testing.
In order to evaluate water balance, the corporation has installed flow meters at different
stages, viz.raw water pumping stations (Ravet), the WTPs at Nigdi, the main water
pipelines and the 81 ESRs.
According to 2011 Census, the population of Pimpri Chinchwad city was 17.29 lakh.
Presently, the water supply is about 460.928 MLD, of which 20% is lost during
distribution. Out of the remaining 368.74 MLD, 3% is supplied to commercial area,
resulting in availability of 179 lpcd to residential area of the city, which is much higher
than the CPHEEO standard of 135 lpcd (Table 3.5).
24X7 water supply project: Under Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renovation Mission
(JNNURM), PCMC is working on various projects. A project to supply water to the city
24X7 is certainly the important one. To ensure 24X7 water supply for the city, PCMC is in
the process to check the capacity of the existing pipelines by hydraulic modelling, update
the pipeline network using GIS, reduce the non-revenue water usage and carry out water
audits. The activities would be completed in next two years. Since July 2012 the
Municipality has started 24X7 water supply to Yamuna Nagar covering an area of 0.8 sq.
km. As a result 2347 families receive uninterrupted water supply. Citizens have welcomed
41
the change and surprisingly it has been observed that the water usage has decreased by
10% in this area.
As per DPSIR, 'Sources of drinking water' indicator is used. This indicator has no unified
objective and it differs from city to city. The sources of drinking water indicate exploitation
of local aquifers and as well the quality of the drinking water that can influence human
health. In some cases, water can be imported that shows dependence on different sources.
Table 3.5 Details for Water Supply

Population as per 2011 census
Total Water Supply
Water supply losses
Net Water Supply (Residential)
Commercial water supply
Avg. per capita/day Supply
17.29 lakhs
432 MLD + 28.928 MLD
Approximately 20%
368.74 MLD
3% of total water supplied
179 lit per capita / day
Source: PCMC Website.

'Water consumption' is a DPSIR indicator. Objective of this indicator is to harmonise
water consumption with water resources. Consumption of water per person depends on the
availability and price of water, climate and the uses to which water is customarily put by
individuals (drinking, bathing, washing, and gardening). It is derived from the ratio of
total annual water consumption for all domestic uses to total number of inhabitants
connected to supply system.
The PCMC area is well connected with pipeline network. Salient features are delineated
below.
The total length of water supply pipelines in the city is 1150 km.
There are four water treatment plants in the city at Sector -23, Nigdi, Pune 44 for
Phase I to IV.
There are total 98 ESR and GSR in the city and 4 ESRs are under testing.
Total nos. of domestic connection within city is 1,33,857 nos.Details of total water
supply for the city are given under Table 3.6.
42
Table 3.6 Supply network in the city

Particulars
No. of distribution zones (nos.)
Total length of pipelines (Km)
No. of Water Treatment Plants
No. of Pumping Stations
No. of Chlorinators and Capacity (Area wise)
No. of ESR (Elevated Service Reservoir)
Details
47
1805
4
26
6 (Capacity-20 kg/hr)
ESR - 81
Under Testing- 4
17
No. of GSR (Ground Storage Reservoir)

Consumer Connections
1,33,857 nos.
(Inclusive of cantonment connections in nos.)
Average supply (hours/day)
3 Hrs
Proposed treatment Plants
Chikhali, 100 MLD
(Location and capacity in MLD)
Source: Water Supply Department, PCMC.

To minimize the level of dissatisfaction of an urban population is the objective of
percentage of household connections-DPSIR indicator. The quality and reliability of
local services are taken for granted in highly industrialized countries, but limited access
to, or poor quality of, infrastructure services in developing countries can be major
impediments to business productivity, and major sources of frustration to the population. It
is expressed in percentage of households that are connected to piped water.
Water Treatment plants
Various Water Treatment Plants (WTP) of Pimpri Chinchwad city are presented in Table
3.7. The City has four major waterworks in Sector 23, Nigdi (Phases I to IV). The future
expansion of waterworks is expected according to citys demand. Further, a 100 MLDwater
treatment plant project is under consideration at Chikhali area.
Table 3.7 Water Treatment Plants in Sector -23, Nigdi and their Capacities
WTP
Phase I
Phase II
Phase III
Phase IV
Workingat
(MLD)
114
114
100
100
Treatment
Method
Conventional
Conventional
Conventional
Conventional
Commissioning
Year
1989
1999
2006
2010
Source: Water Supply Department, PCMC.

Drinking water quality:
The four water treatment plants in PCMC treat the raw water pumped from Ravet dam and
purified water is further supplied to the city. These water treatment plants are operated and
maintained by the PCMC to make sure that the citizens of Pimpri Chinchwad get potable
quality of water to drink. A number of water quality parameters like various metals, pH,
43
TDS, hardness, fluorides, coliform bacteria are measured in incoming and outgoing water
from these WTPs. The inlet and outlet parameters of the water treatment plant are given in
Appendix 1.
Quality of Drinking water is used as an indicator in DPSIR. The objective of this indicator
is to reduce the percentage of measurements exceeding the recommended WHO guidelines.
The microbiological and chemical quality of water is of prime importance to the health of
human communities. It is extremely important to ensure that water supplies are free from
pathogenic bacteria and not contaminated by sewage. The chemical parameters of water
quality are nitrates, fluorine, benzene and chlordane. PCMC is following CPHEEO and IS
standards which are compatible with WHO.
3.3 Sewage Management

Sewage collection and disposal systems transport sewage through the city and other
inhabited areas towards sewage treatment plants to protect public health and prevent spread
of diseases. At sewage treatment plants, domestic sewage is treated to control water
pollution before discharging it into surface waters.
Sanitary work starts at a point where water supply engineering ends. It starts with the
collecting system and ends after the streams or other bodies of receiving water have been
returned to the condition of relative purity desired for them.
3.3.1 Sewerage Network

Total sewage generated in Pimpri-Chinchwad city is 277.2 MLD, which is collected from
sewer lines and transferred to respective pumping stations through collection chambers.
For treatment, the collected sewage then goes to STPs that are constructed with various
advanced technologies; such as Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR), Activated Sludge Process
(ASP), Bio-towers, Fluidised Aerobic Bioreactor (FAB) etc. as per details presented in
Tables 3.8 and 3.9 & Plates 3.3 and 3.4. The operation & maintenance of the same are
being executed through private contractors. Sewage treated by PCMC is discharged into
river after desired treatment. PCMC has also proposed three new sewage treatment
facilities at different locations, as given in Table 3.10.
44
Table 3.8 Basic details of Sewage system in PCMC

Particulars
Total population (2011)
Estimated population (2013)
Total sewage generation
Details
17.29 lakh
20 lakh
277.2 MLD
Total length of sewer line
1250.0 km
No. of STPs
Total capacity of STPs
Types of Treatment
13
338 MLD
Combi Treat Improved S.B.R., Activated Sludge
Process, S.B.R. Technology,FAB,Bio Tower
Source: Environment Engineering Department, PCMC

Table 3.9 Details of Sewage Treatment Plants (April 2013 to June 2013)
#
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
STP
Capacity
(MLD)
Average Sewage
Pumped (MLD)
Method
16
16
30
20
-12.90
25.60
6.00
ASP, Under Modification

ASP
Combi Treat (ISBR)
SBR
30
12.40
ASP
30
40
40
40
21
15
20
20
26.60
-35.00
30.10
7.80
6.10
9.40
15.90
SBR
ASP, Under Modification
ASP
SBR
SBR
FAB
SBR
Bio Tower
Chikhali 1
Chikhali 2
Akurdi
Ravet
Chinchwad Phase I
(Bhatnagar)
Chinchwad Phase II
Kasarwadi Phase I
Kasarwadi Phase II
Kasarwadi Phase III
Charholi
Sangvi Phase I
Sangvi Phase II (Dapodi)
Pimple Nilakh

SBR: Sequential Batch Reactor; ISBR: Improved Sequential Batch Reactor; ASP:
Activated Sludge Process, FAB: Fluidised Aerobic Bioreactor, UC: Under Construction
Table 3.10 Details for Proposed Sewage Treatment Plants
Sr.No.
1
2
3
Name and Location STP

Charholi Phase II
Bopkhel
Pimple Nilakh Phase II
Designed Capacity
(MLD)
20
5
20
Method Of Treatment
Combi Treat (ISBR)
SBR
SBR

ISBR: Improved Sequential Batch Reactor; SBR: Sequential Batch Reactor
45
'Waste Water Treatment' is used as indicator in the DPSIR indicator system. The objective
of this indicator is to reduce urban pollution by waste water. This indicator includes % of
dwelling connected to sewage system and % of waste water treated. The percentage of
wastewater that is treated is a key indicator of the level of water quality management. A
reliable wastewater treatment system is a major indicator of the level of local development
and of community.
Plate 3.3 Selected STPs in PCMC jurisdiction
3.3.2 Analysis of Sewage Treatment

All sewage treatment plants in the PCMC area are measuring incoming and outgoing
sewage quality parameters. Such measurements ensure that the quality of water leaving
the treatment plant is within the MPCB limits. The waste water parameters are measured in
a water quality laboratory located at each STP on a daily basis. The detailed results in the
form of monthly average are shown in Appendix 2.
3.3.3 Energy production from Sewage Treatment Plants

Improved Sequential Batch Reactor (ISBR) technology at Akurdi STP (30 MLD) has
enabled PCMC to generate biogas and hydro-electricity. The plant has generated 1,36,524
kW biogas and 15, 955 kW of hydro-electricity between July 2012 to June 2013. This
energy has been used internally to run the sewage treatment plant and thereby helped the
46
PCMC to reduce the electricity demand from MSEDCL by 50% during the above
mentioned period.
Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) - Supervisory control and data
acquisition (SCADA) System
Main objective of SCADA System project is
Implementation of online monitoring system for sewage quantity and quality
Enhancement of system for achieving following benchmarks
Quantification of pumped sewage
Identifying non-compliance to existing system by centralised monitoring
Efficient pumping from sewage pumping station without overflow
Effective utilization of sewage treatment plant capacity
Pump efficiency & energy monitoring.
PLC SCADA system has been installed at 21 sewage pumping stations and 11 Sewage
treatment plants operational are under PLC automation that has enabled PCMC to carry out
online observation of various parameters such as residual chlorine, pH , conductivity,
dissolved oxygen, pumped flow, energy consumed etc.
3.4 River Improvement Programme (Nadi Sudhar Yojana)

Three rivers namely Pawana, Mula and Indrayani flow through Pimpri-Chinchwad
municipal jurisdiction. While the Indrayani River flows along the north-western outskirts
and Mula River on south side, forms a boundary of Pune and Pimpri Chinchwad Cities;
Pawana River traverse through the heart of the city ( ~20 km) and its width reaches 70-80
m in some locations. The 4 weirs constructed on the river are used to fulfil the water
requirement of the city. There are 7 major and 25 minor nallahs discharging untreated
water into rivers.
The water analysis of rivers in PCMC reveals that the degree of pollution especially in
Pawana is significantly high. This is due to discharge of untreated domestic and industrial
waste waters, municipal wastes and improper usage of river water by washing clothes,
vehicles and animals.
In light of above,
To control River pollution

To provide green & healthy environment to the citizens
To control flood situations like July 2006
To save environment
To make sure that rivers flows freely and naturally without any pollution
To control encroachment on banks;
Pimpri-Chinchwad is taking a leap forward to rejuvinate rivers viz. Indrayani and Mula
through National River Conservation Directorate. PCMC has prepared a feasibility report
47
for Pawana River conservation considering its pollution level and stretch within the city
limits.
The action plan involves:
Increasing public awareness

To stop direct sewage entering into River
To Provide natural filter or treatment system at end of the Nallah before entering
into the River
To restrict direct entry of solid waste by providing nets(Jali) on bridges, controlling
access.
To manage public activities & functions in view of waste Management
Regular monitoring of water bodies in the city
To avoid bypass from STPs
The River Improvement Programme aims at cleaning the stretches, strengthening the
riverbanks and providing for permanent treatment facilities for the river Pawana. The
Programme further includes:
Construction of retaining wall
Development Riparian zone
Development of Morya Gosavi temple (pilgrimage centre)
De-silting
Widening of bridge on Chinchwad-Thergaon road.
Widening of Pimpri Saudager Gaothan bridge
Strengthening & upgradation of Ravet K.T. Wier
Public park at boat club Thergaon
Public Buddha park at confluence of Pavana Mula river
Upgradation of old crematorium
New crematorium at Kalewadi bridges
New crematorium at Pimpri Waghere
Development of open market area for seasonal & festive time
Upgradation of sewage treatment plants to increase the quality of water being
discharged.
48
4.
Air Environment
Air pollutants can be in the form of chemicals, particulate matter or biological materials
that cause harm to plants and animals and interfere with their normal functioning. The
major sources of pollutants in urban areas are transportation (predominantly
automobiles) and fuel combustion in stationary sources, including residential,
commercial, with industrial heating and cooling also coal-burning power plants.
Motorized vehicles produce high levels of carbon monoxides (CO), carbon dioxide
(C02) hydrocarbons (HC) and nitrogen oxides (NOx).
4.1 Air Quality Standards

The national air quality standard prescribed by the Central Pollution Control Board
(CPCB) under different categories are summarised in the Table 4.1.
Table 4.1 National Ambient Air Quality Standards, Schedule-VII Rule-3(3B)
Sr.
No.
Pollutants
1.
2.
3.
SO2
NOx
RSPM (PM10)
Time
Weighted
Average
24 hours
24 hours
24 hours
National Ambient Air Quality Standards

Industrial, Residential,
Ecological Sensitive area
Rural and Other Area
(Notified by Central
Government)
80
80
80
80
100
100
Source: CPCB
4.2 Air Quality

Air quality data (Tables 4.2-4.4 and Figures 4.1-4.3) are available from monitoring
carried out by MPCB for two different locations representing residential (PCMC
building) and industrial (Maratha Chamber of Commerce building terrace, Bhosari)
areas in the city. Sampling frequency was twice a week for a period of 12 Months.
Subsequently studies were undertaken by Ultra-Tech environmental consultancy and
laboratory for a period of three months between November 2012 and January 2013
(Plate 4.1). The results are presented in Tables 4.5 and 4.6
Plate 4.1 Air Monitoring Stations in Residential (A) and Commercial (B) Areas
49
Table 4.2 Overview of RSPM Levels in Pimpri Chinchwad city for Residential & Industrial Areas
Month
PCMC
2010
MCCB
2010
PCMC
2011
MCCB
2011
PCMC
2012
MCCB
2012
Standard
100
100
100
100
100
100
Jan
Feb
Mar
April
163.00
136.30
116.62
81.23
166.00
167.60
106.40
78.00
170.00
150.50
129.00
78.92
154.00
155.80
138.90
108.60
181.44
167.88
151.21
78.58
213.37
204.22
115.50
111.00
May
53.00
53.33
55.30
71.13
60.82
69.22
June
July
Aug
Sept
Oct
Nov
Dec
41.42
40.73
35.74
38.96
74.36
80.04
32.90
36.22
32.63
42.22
89.11
94.75
--
-57.58
43.21
61.92
72.67
76.00
86.56
72.43
113.60
175.00
208.60
104.20
170.60
256.88
39.55
34.94
25.64
40.87
64.47
45.00
39.87
34.11
54.11
85.56
119.00
114.81
131.75
145.50
143.22
Source: MPCB, Pune.

Note: Maratha Chamber of Commerce Building (MCCB), All values are in g/m3
Figure 4.1 Overview of ambient air quality in Pimpri Chinchwad city for residential & industrial areas
Source: MPCB, Pune
50
The concentrations of RSPM exceeded from 11 to 113 % over the threshold value
at Bhosari Station. The values increased in the month of Jan., February, March,
April, November and December (between 111 and 214 g/m3).
The concentration of RSPM exceeded between 14 and 81 % than the threshold

value at PCMC terrace Building. The values increased in the month of Jan.,
February, March, November and December (between 114 and 181 g/m3).
Table 4.3 Overview of SO2 level at PCMC building terrace & MCC building terrace
PCMC
2010
MCCB
2010
PCMC
2011
MCCB
2011
PCMC
2012
MCCB
2012
Jan
80
25.00
80
46.00
80
11.00
80
11.00
80
29.44
80
40.00
Feb
48.00
67.12
18.85
23.00
27.04
35.22
Mar
45.96
57.25
35.28
38.56
30.75
24.25
April
22.12
29.00
28.84
30.00
30.18
34.00
May
25.18
28.11
22.43
23.00
24.09
25.78
June
20.65
20.20
--
40.44
21.10
21.56
July
15.58
17.00
49.19
53.22
16.65
17.50
Aug
32.33
35.87
50.96
55.00
15.40
16.00
Sept
22.20
22.55
33.64
30.00
15.96
17.00
Oct
25.48
34.66
19.69
22.67
19.08
29.11
Nov
29.65
38.37
31.17
45.33
16.78
25.37
Dec
29.62
--
36.73
46.00
19.85
33.33
Standard
Source: MPCB, Pune.

Note: Maratha Chamber of Commerce Building (MCCB), All values are in g/m 3
Figure 4.2 Overview of SOx level at PCMC building terrace & MCC building
Source: MPCB, Pune

51
Concentrations of SOx varied between 15 and 40 g/m3. SOx concentrations for all
the locations were within threshold values as per standards set by CPCB (Central
Pollution Control Board).
Table 4.4 Overview of NOx level at PCMC building terrace & MCC building terrace
PCMC
2010
80
MCCB
2010
80
PCMC
2011
80
MCCB
2011
80
PCMC
2012
80
MCCB
2012
80
Jan
Feb
48.00
46.00
76.00
74.00
62.12
59
55.38
48.75
81.1
60.38
62.84
52.89
Mar
45.07
37.88
72.28
44.00
63.25
46.25
April
37.38
32.89
69.52
52.22
48.23
37.11
May
31.36
22.67
49.83
33.75
33.22
24.67
June
32.38
24.80
--
47.56
26.75
24.00
July
26.35
20.56
62.65
56.33
33.24
22.75
Aug
28.89
27.88
60.33
52.56
30.24
22.67
Sept
32.84
32.33
40.56
35.43
36.09
29.56
Oct
48.04
44.33
38.81
32.78
45.04
36.78
Nov
51.42
42.75
56.96
52.56
59.70
48.00
Dec
67.19
--
66.43
64.00
64.52
56.33
Standard
Source: MPCB, Pune.

Note: Maratha Chamber of Commerce Building (MCCB), All values are in g/m3
Figure 4.3 Overview of NOx level at PCMC building terrace & MCC building terrace
Source: MPCB, Pune
52
Concentrations of NOx varied between 22 and 64 g/m3. NOx concentrations for

all the locations were within threshold values as per standards set by CPCB
(Central Pollution Control Board).
Table 4.5 Overview of Ambient Air Quality in Pimpri Chinchwad City for Residential, commercial and
Industrial areas.
Location: Morwadi, Pimpri (Residential)
Location: Sidhivinayak Ginger Co-Operative Soc., Pimple Saudagar (Residential)
Location: Rakshak Society, Pimple Nilakh (Residential)
Location: Near Auto Line Industry Ltd., Bhosari (Industrial)
Pimpri
Month
RSPM
Std
Nov 12
Dec 12
Jan 13
SOx
Pimple Saudagar
Pimple Nilakh
NOx
RSPM
RSPM
SOx
NOx RSPM
SOx
NOx
SOx
NOx
Bhosari
100
89.5
80
26.5
80
31.2
100
102.5
80
27.5
80
32.6
100
78.7
80
29.4
80
36.3
100
79
80
26.8
80
43.8
92.7
24.2
26.4
98.48
23.2
37.3
86.9
25.6
29.8
89.3
22.5
37.2
133.7 23.4
41.9
78.13
29.7
43.9
95.6
22.8
33.2
142.9
29.2
52.8
127.6 31.2
38.3
113.6
26.5
46.9
104.6
33.4
38.4
120.5
21.9
36.9
156.8 24.8
63.6
68.7
28.3
49
112.6
25.7
31.2
168.9
30
39.5
122.3 33.5
54.2
128.6
24.3
40.3
132.9
31.5
40.6
143.2
31.7
34.6
Source: Ultra-Tech environmental consultancy and laboratory

Note: values in bold exceeded standards
Table 4.6 Overview of Ambient Air Quality in Pimpri Chinchwad City for Residential, commercial and
Industrial areas.
Location: Krishna Nagar, Chikhli (Commercial)
Location: Awale Bandhu Estate, Moshi (Commercial)
Location: Near Pawar Stock Yard, Ravet (Commercial)
Location: Kalpataru Harmony, Wakad (Industrial cum Commercial)
Chikhli
Month
RSPM SOx
Standard 100
62.9
Nov 12
70.2
84.3
Dec 12
78.2
92.5
Jan 13
96.8
80
24.6
22.7
33.3
28.5
35.3
28.5
Moshi
Ravet
Wakad
NOx
RSPM
SOx
NOx
RSPM
SOx
NOx
RSPM
SOx
NOx
80
33.5
29.9
41.3
38.1
46.2
34.8
100
78.4
69.1
96.9
112.6
71.7
103.8
80
26.5
21.1
29.6
23.5
33.7
29.5
80
35.6
28.5
42.6
31.4
53.5
40.8
100
82.4
88.3
73.9
83.8
91.5
83.7
80
23.5
26.4
31.5
22.7
32.4
35.9
80
29.0
32.2
40.9
36.6
42.8
45.7
100
69.4
74.2
91.2
110.6
99.5
132.6
80
22.2
19.7
22.5
31.4
28.7
33.6
80
33.21
25.68
39.86
42.56
38.79
46.82
Source: Ultra-Tech environmental consultancy and laboratory
Concentration of SOx and NOx varied between 19 and 36 & 25 and 63 g/m3 respectively.
SOx and NOx concentrations for all the locations are within threshold values as per
standards set by CPCB (Central Pollution Control Board).
53
RSPM values increased over threshold level by 34 to 46% at Moshi, Pimpri, Wakad
Pimple Nilakh and Pimple Saudagar location. (Table 4.5).
RSPM, SOx and NOx values in the month of Dec 2010 and June 2011 have not been
published on MPCB website (Fig. 4.3).
Indian Institute of Tropical Meterology (IITM) in collaboration with PCMC is carrying

out the air monitoring at Sector No. 53 and Growth Lab, Bhosari in Pimpri Chinchwad
area since March 2013. Two LED display boards installed at Pimpri Chowk and
Chaphekar Chowk continuously exhibit the online monitoring data. The results of the same
are displayed in Figure 4.4 - 4.7 & Plate 4.2
Average Concentrations
Plate 4.2 SAFAR Air Quality Monitoring System installed by IITM, Pune
440
400
360
320
280
240
200
160
120
80
40
0
PM10
ug/m3
PM2.5
ug/m3
CO2 ppm
NOx ppb
March
April
Months in 2013
May
O3 ppb
Figure 4.4 Average concentrations of selected air quality parameters measured in Bhosari
Source: IITM, Pune
54
The concentrations of all parameters, specially CO2,decreased gradually from

March to May
All the values, except PM10 are within desired limits (Threshold Value-100 g/m3
for PM10 )
CO ppm
16
14
12
MPXylene
ug/m3
10
8
Ethylene
ug/m3
Benzene
ug/m3
6
4
2
0
March
April
Months in 2013
Oxylene
ug/m3
May
Figure 4.5 Average Concentrations of CO & VOCs parameters measured in Bhosari
Source: IITM, Pune
Sizable decrease of VOC levels was noticed in May as compared to March, while
CO level was marginally reduced in May.
The concentration of benzene exceeded from the threshold value (5 g/m3) in

March and April.
440.00
400.00
360.00
320.00
280.00
240.00
200.00
160.00
120.00
80.00
40.00
0.00
PM10
ug/m3
PM2.5
ug/m3
NOx ppb
CO2 ppm
O3 ppb
Dec
Jan
Feb
March
Months in 2013
April
May
Figure 4.6 Average concentrations of selected air quality parameters measured in Nigadi
Source: IITM, Pune
The concentrations of all parameters, specially PM10 and PM2.5,

gradually from December 12 to May 13
The values of PM10 exceeded in December, January and February from the
threshold value (100 g/m3), other parameters were within the desired limits.
decreased
55
12.00
Benzene
ug/m3
CO ppm
10.00
8.00
6.00
MPXylene
ug/m3
4.00
2.00
Ethylene
ug/m3
0.00
Oxylene ug/m3
Dec
Jan
Feb
March
April
May
Months in 2013
Figure 4.7 Average Concentrations of CO & VOCs parameters measured in Nigadi
Source: IITM, Pune
Sizable decrease of VOC levels was recorded in May as compared to March.
CO levels were within desired limits and varied marginally during the study.
The values of benzene parameter were exceeded from the threshold value (5 g/m3)
in month of Dec. 12 and Jan. 13.
4.3 Impact of Air Pollutants:

Pollutants can be classified as either primary or secondary. Usually, primary pollutants are
substances directly emitted from a natural or man-made process, e.g. Nitrogen dioxide
from vehicles. Secondary pollutants are formed when primary pollutants undergo chemical
reactions, e.g. photochemical smog. Major air pollutants and their impacts on human health
are listed in Table 4.7.
World Health Organization (WHO) states that 24 lakh people all over the world die
each year from causes directly attributable to air pollution, with 15 lakh of these deaths
attributable to indoor air pollution. Direct causes of air pollution related deaths include
aggravated asthma, bronchitis, emphysema, lung and heart diseases, and respiratory
allergies.
According to DPSIRAir Quality indicator is used. To minimize air pollution and its
harmful effects on health, vegetation, water and soil is the objective of this indicator. Air
quality is negatively affected by emissions from mobile and point sources; these are
directly linked to energy consumption, environmental policy, city density and transport by
motor vehicles and concentration of industries. Assessments of the impacts of air pollution
are usually divided into categories such as human health, ecosystems and building
materials.
56
Table 4.7 Major air pollutants and their associated health hazards
Name of pollutant
Respirable
Suspended
Particulate Matter
(RSPM)
Source
(Primary pollutant)
Key health impact

Respiratory illness, chronic
bronchitis, Asthma, heart diseases
Oxides of Sulphur
(Sox)
Volcanoes, dust storms, forest and

grassland fires, living vegetation, and sea
spray. Burning of fossil fuels in vehicles,
power plants and various industrial
processes.
Volcanoes, industrial processes, coal and
petroleum acid rain
Ozone
NOx and VOCs
CO
Incomplete combustion of natural gas,

coal or wood Vehicular exhaust.
Impaired lung function, chest

pains, coughing, and irritation of
eyes.
Unconsciousness, death by
asphyxiation.
Heart diseases, respiratory

problems including pulmonary
emphysema, cancer, eye burning,
headache
Oxides of Nitrogen High temperature combustion.
Lung irritation, viral infection,
(NOx)
airway resistance, chest tightness
Suspended
Volcanoes, dust storms, forest and
Pneumoconiosis, restrictive lung
Particulate Matter
grassland fires, living vegetation, and sea diseases, asthma, cancer
(SPM)
spray. Burning of fossil fuels in vehicles,
power plants and various industrial
processes.
VOCs
Solvent and hydrocarbon
Immuno-toxicity, carcinogenicity,
asthma, anemia, unconsciousness
(Secondary pollutant)
According to DPSIR, Emissions of acidifying substances indicator is used. The objective

of this indicator is to reduce emissions from stationary and mobile sources to meet
requests of air quality standards. Sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and
ammonia are examples of acidifying substance that are emitted into the air. Emissions
from stationary and mobile sources place pressures on the air quality in a city. SOx, NOx
and ammonia lead to acid rain and to changes in the chemical composition of soil and
surface water after they are deposited. In addition, they affect flora and fauna.
57
5.
Noise Environment
5.1 Background
Noise pollution is one of the major environmental pollutants that are encountered in daily
life and has direct effects on human performance. The noise level, if increased, can have
certain implications on the human body as mentioned in Table 5.1. Noise is measured by
noise meter and expressed in units of decibel dB(A)Leq. Internationally accepted method
was used for noise measurement. Studies were conducted in the PCMC area (Plate 5.1: A
and B) to study the existing status of noise levels (Table 5.2) by recording the noise intensity
at various locations (Residential, Commercial, Industrial & Silence Zones) during day and
night time.
Plate 5.1 (A and B): Noise monitoring at Silence and Commercial zones
Table 5.1 Impact of Noise levels on human body
Sr .No Noise levels in dB
58
Health Hazards
1
2
80
90
Annoying
Hearing Damage
95
Very annoying
110
Stimulation of skin
120
Pain Threshold
130-135
140
Pain in ear
150
Significant change in heart pulse rate
Dizziness, Vomiting
5.2 Noise monitoring in PCMC area

Table 5.2 Noise levels at different zones in PCMC Area (Values are mean of 7 consecutive days)
Sr.No
Monitoring stations
Day
Night
1
2
3
A. Residential Zone (CPCB Standards:Day:55,night 45 dB(A)Leq)

Mayur Nagari-Pimple Gurav
63.41
Bhiravnath Nagar-Pimple Gurav
65.54
Kokane Chowk- Pimple Saudager
69.57
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Kate Mala- Pimple Saudager

Navale Vasti,Talwade
Near Temple, Aalandi
Krishna Nagar-Chikhli
Awale Bandhu Estate-Moshi
Rakshak Sociey,Pimple Nilakh
Shastri Nagar.Pimple
67.83
50.69
67.41
66.00
59.61
64.57
65.58
44.5
44.27
45.78
44.62
43.98
47.17
44.55
44.55
43.22
44.15
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
B. Commercial Zone (CPCB Standards:Day:65,night 55 dB(A)Leq)

Sahal Kendra (Garden)- Bhosari
64.21
Bank of Maharashtra-Pimple Gurav
66.9
72.02
Khandoba Mandir (Bhalekar Nagar)- Pimple Gurav
Lakshadweep Plaza- Pimple Saudager
66.48
69.07
Rainbow Plaza- Pimple Saudager
PMC Health Clinic Road- Aakurdi
66.46
Koyna Nagar-Chikhli
68.44
73.44
Kai.Madhukar Pawle Bridge
Sambhaji Raje Chowk,Tahtwade
73.58
Bhujbal Chowk
68.84
52.00
53.11
54.82
52.54
53.47
53.54
53.44
54.75
52.94
52.97
C. Silence zone (CPCB Standards:Day:50,night 40dB(A)Leq)

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Nav Maharashtra Vidyalaya, Pimpri Gaon Pimple Nilakh

Chetna Hospital-Chinchwad
Lande wadi School,Bhosari
Jai Hind High School,Pimpri
4 no. School,Aalandi
Pimpri Court
Mrs. Shewantabai Sahadu Kashid Dawakhana-Pimple Gurav
Pimpri Chinchwad Prathamic Vidyalay-Pimple Gurav
Sudarshan Hospital-Pimple Gurav
Healing Touch Hospital-Pimple Nilakh
59.07
45.58
64.85
57.20
66.47
60.47
64.4
65.92
65.57
67.15
72.47
48.21
45.44
52.27
46.98
49.11
51.2
54.3
52.41
52.92
D. Industrial zone (CPCB Standards:Day:75,night 70dB(A)Leq)

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Badve Autocomps-Chakan
Sahal Kendra- Bhosari
Ashtech,Bhosari
Sunny Enterprises,-Bhosari
Bhosari Chowk
Bajaj Auto-Near Pune Mumbai Highway
Suzlon Industry
Auto Line Industry. Ltd.-Bhosari.
Maratha Chamber of commerce Building terrace, Bhosari
MSEDCL ,Bhosari
75.65
59.24
69.97
75.16
67.34
75
71.91
63.21
62.88
61.4
60.9
66.1
69.3
59.45
69.51
76.67
68.4
63.15
58.44
58.92
Source: Ultra-Tech Environmental Consultancy & Laboratory

*Day:6.00a.m to 10.00p.m. & night 10.00 p.m. to 6.00a.m, Values in bold exceed CPCB standard
59
According to monitoring data, during 90% of all incidences noise levels in the
residential area increased from 8 to 26% over the prescribed standards during
day time, however, only on 20% occasions the values were increased by 2 to 5%
during night time. Increased noise levels during day time attributed to consistent
human activities, music shops and vehicular movement.
In the commercial area there was an increase of 3 to 14% in the noise levels on
90% occasions over the standard during day time, while at night time the same
were within the desired limits. The buzzling human activities and traffic congestion
contributed to higher noise levels during day time.
The silence zone also showed an increase from 3 to14% during day time and
14% to 35% at night time over the prescribed limits on all the occasions.
In Industrial area, the noise levels increased from 1 to 3% during the day time on
30% occasions. The same during night time were well within the prescribed limit.
The noise levels were measured in industrial areas where there was not much sound
generated due to specific activities. Accordingly the noise levels were within the
desired limits.
Objective of DPSIR indicator for Noise is that no one should be exposed to noise levels
that endanger health or decrease the quality of life. Noise is an intense factor affecting
human health both physiologically and psychologically. In large urban agglomerations,
the effect of noise is further aggravated by high concentrations of people living together.
60
6.
SOLID WASTE
6.1 Background
Municipal Solid Waste includes commercial and residential wastes generated in a
municipal or notified area in either solid or semi-solid form excluding industrial hazardous
wastes but including treated biomedical wastes.
PCMC is responsible for the proper and scientific collection, segregation, and disposal of
municipal solid waste within the limits of its jurisdiction, in compliance with:
1. Government of India Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules 2000.
2. Maharashtra Non-biodegradable Garbage Control Act, 2006.
3. Maharashtra Government Resolution no. Gha. Ka. Vya.1001/ Pra. Kra 546/ Papu-22
dated 5 January 2002 to municipalities concerning waste-pickers and allotting them the
works of picking wastes and garbage from houses, shops and market places.
4. The E-waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2011.
6.2 Waste Characterisation

6.2.1 Quantitative
The Health and Environment Departments of PCMC are looking after the functioning
related to solid waste management in Pimpri Chinchwad. PCMC area is generating
approximately 646 Metric Tons per Day (MTD) solid waste as given in Table 6.1. While
National Building Code (NBC) estimates average per capita per day generation of solid
waste as 400 gm, the same generated in PCMC area is 350 gm.
Total quantity of waste generation varies seasonally and is affected by several factors.
These include moisture content (higher during monsoon), garden waste proportion (higher
during leaf fall), materials used during events (wedding, festival seasons) etc.
Most of the generated solid waste comes from household activities followed by
commercial area and hotels (Table 6.2). Thus, for minimizing the overall waste, these
areas should be targeted.
61
Table 6.1 Overview of Solid Waste

Population of PCMC area (2011)
Area of dumping site
17.29 lakh
81 Acre
Total waste generation
646 MTD
Per capita generation
350 gm (NBC criteria 400 gm)
Total waste collection

Waste dumped
Mode of treatment of solid waste
646 MTD
646 MTD
Vermi Compost
Capacity: 30
MTD
Treated: 12-15
MTD
Plastic Fuel
Plant
Capacity: 5
MTD
Treated: 1.5
MTD
Mechanized
Compost
Capacity: 500
MTD
Treated: 250-300
MTD
2798 nos.
Staff for Solid Waste Management
No. of vehicles used for disposal of Primary: 362
Secondary: 66
Solid waste to facilities
Source: Solid Waste Management Department, PCMC.

Table 6.2 Sector-wise generation of solid waste
Sector
Sector wise Generation in percentage
A Ward
Vegetable Market
2.04
Household
84.24
Commercial
2.48
Hotel & Restaurant
10.12
Slaughter house waste
--
B Ward C Ward
3.04
3.65
82.04
82.11
3.12
3.55
10.39
10.69
1.41
--
D Ward
4.04
86.59
2.45
6.92
--
Source: Health and Environment Department, PCMC.
'Solid Waste Recycling Rate' is the DPSIR indicator which deals with recycling and
reducing the amount of the wastes contaminated in landfills. Recycling means an efficient
use of material and a decrease in pressures to the environment. If left unsegregated, the
waste rots and generates environmentally hazardous gases under the conditions of
compact landfills. The recycling categories may be: (a) paper, (b) glass, (c) aluminum (d)
plastic and (e) mixed disposed. Objective of this indicator is, to increase the percentage of
segregated and recycled waste. If the amount (in tonnes or m3) of waste fraction (paper,
glass, aluminum, plastic and mixed waste) is known, the result can be showed as a
percentage of waste.
62
6.2.2 Qualitative
There are different types of solid wastes depending on their sources. The characteristics of
generated garbage are dependent on the type of activities prevalent in that area. Thus, the
waste generated from residential area contains high moisture and organic matter, while
office-dominated areas produce dry wastes.
Usually, the wet waste consists of biodegradable matter coming from the kitchen. Dry
waste consists of recyclable materials like paper, rubber, glass, ferrous-nonferrous metals,
cardboard etc., which are estimated to be 40 and 60% in the residential and commercial
areas respectively (Table 6.3). Detailed characteristics of untreated (Plate 6.1) and
composted biodegradable wastes (Plate 6.2) collected from PCMC area are shown in
Table 6.4.
Plate 6.1 Soil Sampling at dumping (A to C) and barren (D) sites
63
Plate 6.2 (A and B): Solid waste sampling location in PCMC area
Plate 6.3 (A and B): Leachate sampling at Moshi site.

Table 6.3 Percentage wise distribution of municipal solid waste
Sr.
No.
1.
2.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Component
Food waste
Garden waste
Paper
Plastic & Rubber
Glass
Metal
Wood
Miscellaneous (textile, dirt, bricks,
stones)
TOTAL
Percentage
62.9
18.65
1.85
1.23
0.001
0.01
0.04
15.33
100
Source: PCMC Website

64
'Waste Production' is a DPSIR indicator. The objective is to reduce the amount of waste
for disposal. Waste production increases annually due to population growth, nonsustainable lifestyles. 'Waste Production' is calculated by the amount of waste generated
per capita and the total number of inhabitants.
'Recycling' is a DPSIR indicator used to measure the amount of percentage of recycled
waste fractions. Wastes are substances or products that are a result of consumption and
are designed for either final disposal (for instance, as domestic garbage to landfill) or
recycling. Recycling involves using the same material more than once; therefore, recycling
saves resources and reduces contamination. Pollution from contaminated wastes may
affect the quality of drinking water and the level of air pollution; human health may be
impacted in turns.
Table 6.4 Physico-chemical characteristics of Biodegradable MSW, compost and sub soil of compost plant in
PCMC area (Jan 2013)
# Parameter
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Compo
st
MSW
(10-20
days)
8.20 8.54
Black
pH
Colour
Conductivity
980
(mhos/cm)
Chlorides
216
(mg/kg)
Sulphates
74
(mg/kg)
Moisture
content
38.2
at 108C (%)
Total organic
30.3
carbon (%)
Phosphorous
38
(mg/kg)
Iron (%)
1.5
Manganese
32
(mg/kg)
Calcium
486
(mg/kg)
Magnesium
234
(mg/kg)
Total
1.10
Nitrogen (%)
Sodium
14
60.0
(mg/kg)
Potassium
15
54.0
(mg/kg)
13
Control
Soil(0.2
Pit 1
to 1.2 m
0.7
depth) 0.2
NA NA NA
NA NA NA
Soils at depths in pits (m)

Pit 2
Pit 3
1.2
0.2
0.7
1.2
0.2
0.7
1.2
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1200
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
308
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
88
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
22.1
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
16.5
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
50
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2.2
2.0
2.3
2.8
3.1
2.5
2.9
2.6
2.8
3.4
67
15
21
28
11
15
18
24
32
38
514
542
584
624
680
61
638
694
586
624
688
288
218
246
288
324
312
340
386
248
308
326
1.50
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
72.0
15.0
64.2
68.4 72.3 60.5 72.4 75.6 65.3 69.4 72.8
57.2
11.0
55.4
58.6 62.0 56.2 58.4 60.2 54.3 59.4 62.1
65
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
Nickel
(mg/kg)
Zinc (mg/kg)
Cadmium
(mg/kg)
Cobalt
(mg/kg)
Lead (mg/kg)
Copper
(mg/kg)
Chromium
(mg/kg)
12.5
14.6
5.8
22.6
20.4 18.2 27.6 23.4 21.2 24.5 21.5 18.9
80.2
88.5
12
21.2
24.6 28.5 22.4 27.5 30.6 25.4 29.6 32.8
1.0
1.4
BDL
0.7
0.5
0.5
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.8
0.6
0.2
10.4
12.8
2.4
8.2
6.8
5.4
9.2
8.1
5.8
9.4
8.9
6.2
12.7
13.8
BDL
9.1
8.7
6.8
9.4
8.5
6.3
10.3
9.6
8.2
NA
NA
0.5
3.7
6.4
6.8
4.2
6.2
7.3
4.5
6.8
7.0
NA
NA
BDL
4.5
3.5
3.2
5.8
5.2
5.0
4.9
4.6
4.4
Source: Ultra-Techenvironmental consultancy and laboratory

Note: All values are based on dry weight basis, BDL: Below Detectable Limit,
NA: Not Applicable
Different ionic concentrations including heavy metals were substantially increased
(5.7 109%) in compost sample over biodegradable MSW.
Surface soil, below the compost at dumping site acquired higher
concentrations (15 800 %) of different pollutants from those of control soil.
Leachability rates of certain pollutants viz. Na, K, Zn, Cu, Mn, Mg were
remarkably high (7 83%) from surface soil to a level up to 1.2 m downward.
However a reverse trend was observed exhibiting poor leachability rate of the
metals Co, Cr, Pb & Ni was observed, where the concentration were more ( 11
75%) at surface soils then those at soils below 1.2 m deep. Further the levels of Ca
and Fe were apparently same in all the three vertical layers of soils.
6.3 Waste management

6.3.1 Segregation
Due to municipal efforts, segregation of waste has started at the most convenient point,
namely the household. Currently it is limited to a few numbers of households, but soon
will be extended to large areas. Municipality is looking forward to providing dustbins for
segregation of waste at source under JnNURM. Residents segregate dry and wet waste
along with recyclable materials like glass and metal at household level.
PCMC area generates about 646 MTD of solid waste. Presently, Bharat Vikas Group
Kshitij Waste Management Services Pvt. Ltd. in B and C ward are undertaking door to
door garbage collection. Subsequently, PCMC entrusted this activity to 3 NGOs, viz. Sant
Gadge Maharaj & Ramabai Swayamrojgar Seva Sanstha for ward A, and Mahalaxmi
Swayam Rojgar Seva Saha Sanstha for ward D. Accordingly PCMC standing committee
approved Rs75 lakhs for Ward A and Rs 89 lakhs for Ward D for a period of six months.
66
Zero Garbage ward initiative

Zero Garbage ward is a concept wherein maximum municipal solid waste generated
within the ward is supposed to be treated there itself and minimal residue to be sent out for
scientific dumping. It is an ethical, economical and efficient goal to guide people in
changing their lifestyles and practices to emulate sustainable natural cycles, where all
discarded materials are designed to become resources for others to use. This needs
designing and managing products & processes so as to systematically avoid and eliminate
the volume & toxicity of wastes and materials, conserve and recover all resources. Under
Zero Garbage ward scheme, PCMC provides proper systems for house to house collection,
segregated transportation, treatment and disposal of garbage by means of various methods
within the ward. Janwani will act as a facilitator for this project in cooperation with
SWaCH. PCMC is further planning to expand the project in more wards in future.
In response to Maharaashtra Non-biodegradable Garbage Ordinance, 2006, Pimpri
Chinchwad municipal corporation has banned manufacturing, stocking, distribution or
selling and use of carrybags (made from virgin or recycled plastic) having thickness less
than 50 micron in its jurisdiction. PCMC Ward officers and Health Executive Officers are
looking after the implementation of the above said ordinance. This will have a positive
impact on reducing proportion of plastic waste in MSW.
6.3.2 Collection
The PCMC has also introduced a "Ghanta-Gadi" (Belled Waste Carriage) to collect waste
from households. The housewives preferred this arrangement, as it does not involve any
cost, whereas, disposal of waste through rag pickers meant an expense of Rs. 10 every
month per household.
Roadside dustbins have been placed in the city for primary collection of the waste at a
distance 80-100m. People find this distance reasonable. A sizable portion of such waste is
collected by designated PCMC representatives.
PCMC has setup ramps at various locations in the city. The solid waste from each
collection point is brought to these ramps by dumper placers and other small collection
vehicle (Table 6.5), it is further transformed in compactors and then the waste is moved to
Moshi landfill site.
67
Table 6.5 Municipal solid waste collection vehicles

Sr.No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Type of Vehicle
Compactor
Dumper Placer
TATA ACE
Rikshaw Hopper
TATA 407
TATA 709
Open Truck
Total
31
20
302
60
1
5
4
Source: Health Dept., PCMC.
6.3.3 Transportation
Waste is transported from the collection points to the landfill site every day. The
corporation has engaged 250 personnel to transport collected waste using municipal
vehicles. In addition to this, private contractors have also been engaged for this purpose.
The waste is transported to various treatment facilities and projects for treatment at Moshi.
6.3.4 Disposal
The corporation uses various treatment facilities and landfill site near Moshi to dispose the
collected waste.
6.3.4.1 Rag-pickers
A parallel system of rag-pickers helps in recycling of valuable waste material at source as
well as at the disposal level. In search of more valuable waste such as better quality plastic,
the rag-pickers used to shove their hands and feet in the waste, exposing themselves to the
stink and to the skin diseases. Under the programme of waste segregation and collection
from households, this health hazard has been reduced significantly. Under the new
arrangement, the work of the rag-pickers has become more organized, reducing their
hardship. Owing to identity cards issued by the PCMC, the suspicion about the rag-pickers
has been drastically declined, leading to a better social status.
Rag pickers are the bottom rung in the waste trade ladder and are often neglected.
Generally they are not known to public and their role is unnoticed by the society. They are
negating carbon footprint by collecting, segregating and recycling the MSW. Approx. 30
tonne of dry waste is collected by around 1100 rag pickers in PCMC.
The school board of PCMC, along with the NGOs, World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF)
and the Abhiyan Foundation, has launched a project to collect plastic and paper wastes
from municipal schools in the area. The Abhiyan Foundation, which works for the welfare
of rag pickers, has selected 16 children who are being benefited from the project. The
children visit all 116 PCMC primary schools from where they collect plastic and paper
wastes in sacks at least once a week. While the plastic wastes are being taken to a recycling
68
unit at the PCMC's Moshi garbage depot, the paper waste is handed over to paper
industries. The Abhiyan Foundation is making arrangements for the transportation of the
waste to recycling centres. Through this process all the earnings are credited to the rag
pickers.
Rag pickers health is on high risk as they directly get exposed to deacayingand other
hazardous wastes including all kinds of noxious gases. There are many rag pickers who do
not have any idea of protection and they go barefoot and work without gloves. Even if
become sick, they are not realized the reason behind the diseases.
6.3.4.2 Land filing
Landfilling is the most common practice in many countries that involve burying the waste.
It is comparatively inexpensive technique of waste disposal that avoids serious threat to
community health represented by open dumping. A sanitary landfill is more hygienic and
built in a methodical manner. The sanitary landfills are lined with materials that are
impermeable such as HDP liners. Waste deposited in sanitary landfills is normally
compacted to increase its density and stability.
In landfill, the organic waste undergoes natural decomposition and generates a fluid, which
is known as leachate, and is very harmful to the ecosystem. PCMC treats the leachate
produced from the landfills and the results are shown in Table 6.6
PCMC staff is maintaining sanitary landfill at the Moshi site. Two phases of sanitary
landfill namely Phase I and Phase II. Phase I is completed and Phase II is in planning
stagein an area of 5.14 and 3.10 ha respectively.
Table 6.6 Characteristics of leachates generated from Moshi landfill site as well as mechanical composting
Sr
no.
1
2
3
4
5
6
Parameters
pH
COD (mg/l)
BOD, at 27oC, 3 days (mg/l)
TSS (mg/l)
Total dissolved solids (mg/l)
Chloride (mg/l)
MSW Standard
MSW (M&H)
2000 Standard
5.5
100
200
2100
600
Concentration
Untreated
Treated
leachate
leachate
8.9
23200
6960
2584
2926
4448
9.3
3840
1100
1272
1854
2524
Source: ULTRA-TECH consultancy and laboratory (January 2013)

Note: Characteristics of processed lechate are presently higher than MSW Standards.
However, PCMC has undertaken a project to further treat the lechate chemically and
biologically.
69
The treated leachate showed substantial decrease in COD and BOD by 83.4 and
84.2% respectively, whereas, moderate reductions were observed in characters like
TSS (50.8%), TDS (36.6%) and chlorides (43.2%). The pH of treated leachate
increased from 8.9 to 9.3.
Higher levels of pollutants in treated leachate need further treatment before

discharging it into open land/surface water.
6.3.4.3 Composting
Decomposition and stabilization of organic matter under controlled condition is known as
composting. Organic waste materials are recycled using biological composting and
digestion processes. In composting, micro-organisms, mainly fungi and bacteria, convert
degradable organic waste into humus like substance. The resulting organic material is then
used for agricultural or landscaping purposes. It increases the soil's ability to hold water
and makes the soil easier to cultivate.
At the Moshi landfill site, a mechanical composting unit is operational in the area of 6.48
ha. The mechanical compost unit, having the capacity to treat 500 MTD of waste, presently
treats 250-330 MTD of solid waste.
6.3.4.4 Vermi-compost
Vermi-composting is a successful waste disposal technique followed at community level.
In order to address the organic waste management in the city, PCMC called for a meeting.
The meeting addressed to solve the overall problem of the City's Waste Management was
attended by NGOs and other agencies. Vermicomposting plant having the capacity of 30
MTD is operational at the Moshi site in an area of 2.02 ha. Presently, the plant treats 12-15
MTD of collected wasteas well as the STP sludge.
6.4 Biomedical waste management

The Biomedical Waste Act 1998 defines medical waste as Any solid waste that is
generated in the diagnosis, treatment or immunization of human beings or animals in
research pertaining to, or in the production or testing of biological.
Biomedical waste (Management and Handling) Rules 1998 makes it mandatory to all
hospitals and dispensaries to segregate the biomedical waste from other solid waste and to
set up an effective collection, treatment and disposal infrastructure for managing the waste.
With a view to provide a major facility for hospital waste management, the PCMC has
installed a central incineration plant at Yashawantrao Chavhan Municipal Hospital
(Y.C.M.H.) in an area of 2266 sq. ft. The objectives of the initiative are:
a) Segregation of hospital waste generated at the city's hospitals.
70
b) Disposal of hospital waste through the PCMC incineration plant.
The Nursing Homes collect the infectious and non-infectious hospital wastes in separate
colour code containers. The waste is segregated & collected in yellow and red bags from
216 collection points from where it is transported to YCMH and incinerated by Passco
Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. on behalf of PCMC. Everyday 950-1050 kg of
Biomedical Waste is collected from 358 nursing homes, 55 pathological laboratories, 2
blood banks and 676 clinics in the city. A new incinerator site (40,000 sq ft) is proposed at
Moshi Kachara Depot.
Following disposal methods are used at the Biomedical Waste treatment facility
Incineration ash Hazardous facility Maharashtra Enviro Power Ltd., Ranjangaon

Treated solid waste Municipal landfill
Plastic waste after disinfection and shredding recycling or municipal landfill
Sharps, after disinfection (if encapsulated) Municipal Landfill or Recycling
Treated wastewater Sewer/drain or recycling
Oil & grease incineration.
The PCMC has asked the Nursing Homes to segregate and dispose-off the waste in the
following way:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Infectious waste (dissected parts of human body, placenta, infectious blood,

infectious water drawn out of the body, infectious saliva, swab, dressing material
etc.) must be incinerated. Such waste must not be dumped in the municipal garbage
containers.
Recyclable waste (used saline bottles, saline bags, plastic boxes, paper boxes, plastic
syringes) is collected in Black-coloured containers, and is handed to rag pickers
bearing identity cards issued by the PCMC. Such waste is not dumped in the
municipal garbage bins or in the containers which are meant for infectious waste.
The nursing homes are free to dispose-off the recyclable waste independent of rag
pickers
Other waste (food, vegetable peels) is collected in Yellow-coloured containers, and is
dumped in the municipal garbage bins.
Used and discarded injection needles are cut and sterilized by the Nursing Homes.
They or any other metallic articles are not accepted for incineration. The senior
medical officers of the PCMC supervise whether the Nursing Homes are following
the above pattern of waste management, and whether the rag pickers are collecting
the waste regularly.
The PCMC has also initiated and maintained an effective dialogue with the professional
organization of the doctors in the city. The central incineration plant at YCMH has been
installed by Thermax India Pt. Ltd. The plant also provides training and guides the
municipal staff, in addition to its responsibility for maintenance of the plant for a period of
five years.
71
6.5 E-waste management

E-waste means waste electrical and electronic equipment, whole or in part or rejects from
their manufacturing and repair process, which are intended to be discarded.
The E-waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2011 makes it mandatory to all
electronic waste sources to segregate the e-waste from other solid waste and set up an
effective sorting, dismantling, and recovery of valuable material and disposal infrastructure
for managing the waste.
There's a need to dispose e-waste responsibly in Pimpri-Chinchwad. The Pimpri
Chinchwad along with Pune is the second highest generator of e-waste after Mumbai in
Maharashtra. The state is the highest generator of e-waste in the country, pilling up 20,000
tonnes of e-waste every year. The IT companies of Pune and PCMC at Hinjewadi and
other areas contribute to the generation of e-waste.
The 2007 MPCB-PCMC joint study calculated e-waste generation from the Pimpri
Chinchwad and Pune as 1,032 tonnes and 2,584 tonnes, respectively. Experts believe that
e-waste is growing at a rate of 15% per year across India. In future, PCMC is planning to
scientifically treat the E-waste generated in the city.
6.6 Waste to Energy

PCMC is one of the leading municipalities in India that produces hydrocarbon fuel from
plastic, collected from MSW at Moshi Kachara Depot. The city based Bharat Vikas Group
Waste Management Ltd. (BVG) has developed a technological process for producing fuel
from all types of plastic wastes. While the plant has a capacity to treat 5 MT of plastic
waste per day, presently it treats 1.5 MT each day. Depending on the quality of plastic, the
plant is capable of producing 600-700 litre of hydrocarbon fuel from 1 MT of waste
plastic. Although Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is also being produced in the plant,
presently it is not tapped. Between February 2009 and February 2013 the waste to fuel
plant has produced 74,361 litre of furnace oil. This particular waste to fuel plant is of
extreme importance towards finding the solution to the ever-worsening problem of plastic
waste.
72
Figure 6.1 PCMC Landfill site at Moshi
73
7.
Biodiversity
7.1 Terrestrial
7.1.1 Garden
Pimpri Chinchwad city has 154 gardens with a total area of 142.93 ha. The Garden
Department of PCMC works towards maintaining and increasing the open and green
spaces of the city. Additionally, 24 new gardens are proposed to be supplemented within
the city. This Garden department has also undertaken road beautification and 45 km road
side plantation projects on various roads and additional 26 km of avenue plantation or
median beautification is under construction. The Garden department is also responsible for
the plantation on no-development zones.
The location, area and quality of green spaces in urban centres influence the quality of
urban environment for residents. Urban green spaces are significant for enrichment of
biodiversity; these green spaces offer recreational opportunities and contribute to the city
aesthetics. Some specialized and popular gardens in the city; such as, Bahinabai Choudhari
Zoo, Bird Valley, Rajershi Shahu Udyan, Bhakti Shakti Udyan, Thergaon Boat Club,
Bhosari Tourism Centre, Durgadevi Park, Veer Sawarkar Udyan and Nana Nani park are
some of the ornamental assets of the city. Brief outlines of selected water/land based
parks/gardens are delineated hereunder.
Veer Sawarkar Garden (Ganesh Lake)
Ganesh
Lake,
situated in Sector 26
of Nigdi Pradhikaran,
is an emerging picnic
spot
in
Pimpri
Chinchwad.
Recently,
PCMC
carried
out
beautification work
of the lake as well as
its surroundings and
opened it for the
public. Developed on
Plate 7.1 LAyout of Veer Sawarkar Garden (Ganesh Lake)
a turnkey basis, the
garden, known as Veer Savarkar Udyan, is spread over 7.65ha. A Japanese garden has
been developed on the open land that comprises a waterfall, seating arrangements for
senior citizens, play area for children and a pavilion for tourists.
74
Small zones of different varieties of common and rare plants, viz. cactus and jasmine
would be developed and trees to be planted for attracting birds to this garden.
Primarily, the Ganesh lake was used for immersing Ganesh idols during the Ganesh
festivals. Subsequently PCMC constructed two permanent tanks in recent years for
immersion of Ganesh idols. The residents of Pradhikaran were keen to develop Ganesh
lake as a beautiful spot for which Pradhikarans Senior Citizens Club members kept
following up the project. The Ganesh lake has always been famous for the rare birds that
congregate around it. A few years ago, it was a favourite spot for bird watchers. The
surrounding residents are protecting the lake.
Bird Valley Park
The Bird Valley Park, developed by the PCMC in Chinchwad, displays a large lake with
boating facilities, also a jogging track of 1.4 km and bird watching facilities.This park has
been developed at an abandoned quarry along the Telco road on reserved land no 302,
occupying an area of 10.53ha. It is being developed on a Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT)
basis. The park has a bamboo gate with models of birds like cockatoos, parrots, an eagle
and an owl perched on it. There is a Deep Stambha, a tower with lamps. A pavilion gives
a view of the large lake formed in the abandoned quarry. The lake also has a small jetty for
anchoring boats. A model of an eagle with a six-feet-wide wingspan adorns the top of a
rocky Pinnacle inside the quarry.
A floating mist fountain has been created for the first time in Pimpri Chinchwad township
that has a nozzle with 450 holes. The water is sprayed in the form of a mist up to a height
of 15 m and width of 7.5 m. It also serves the purpose of aerating the lake water. Around
15 to 20 coconut trees have been transplanted along the lake in the quarry and an artificial
beach spread over 3,500 sq m has been created in the park.
A children's park, amphitheatre, skating ground and a 1.4 km long jogging track are among
the other attractions of the park. Migratory birds regularly take a halt at the lake. The
visitors are able to observe them in their natural habitat.
Durgadevi Hill Park
Durgadevi park is a prestigious location within Pimpri Chinchwad corporation limit. Over
1,60,000 trees have been planted on an area of 75 ha. Plants such as rain tree, Copper pod,
Pipal, Neem, Glyricidia, Suru, Sisoo, Kasid, Subabul etc. have been planted. Lawn on over
1.21 ha of land has been maintained for recreation purposes. Recently 59,805 trees have
been planted on an area of 92 ha land. Waterfall and floating fountain in the quarry add to
the natural beauty of this hill park.
75
Bhosari Lake Picnic Spot

Before transformation into a picnic spot this was a wetland area where cattle used to graze
and bathe. The entire ecosystem was in bad condition. Water in the lake was extremely
polluted. This 10.5 ha area has been developed in a picnic spot by the PCMC. Huge lawn
patches, various flowering plants and trees add to the beauty of the recently developed
garden. Replica of various animals models placed in the garden attracts small children. In
this garden 595 trees of 15 species have been planted and 1875 ornamental plants
belonging 10 different species make it more attractive. A lawn over 8000 sq. m. is
developed in this garden. Queens Fort (Ranicha Killa) in addition to a mini train covering
a track of 700 m long are major attractions. Adults enjoy boating in this lake and a
meditation centre developed in the centre of lake is also popular.
Plate 7.2 Ganesh lake Garden and Shiv Srushti Gardens in PCMC area
7.1.1.1 Comparative analysis of gardens

Number of exotic species are more as compared to indigenous species in all the gardens.
Such tendency may destroy the naturalness of the gardens. A section of local people feel
that the idea of landscaping with native plantation should be adopted while enhancing the
future green spaces. The canopy of the garden is getting affected by planting exotic species
which provide comparatively lesser shade. Use of lawns, in landscaping of gardens, affects
the micro-environment of the green spaces as they act as cooling areas that create
microhabitat for insects, frogs, toads, lizards and snakes, maintaining food chain.
Lack of vegetation cover in cities might be a reason why city is often several degrees hotter
than surrounding country sides. Trees can modify micro climatic conditions by their shade.
The biodiversity of Bird Valley Park is comparatively good because of the plant diversity,
large space with variety of indigenous species; that attract a large number of insects on
which insectivorous birds feed. Thus, Bird Valley Park can be a bench mark for developing
future green spaces. Development can have adverse effect on biodiversity. Earlier, Bird
76
Valley area used to host more number of birds species. The number of bird species have
reduced because of the absence of shallow water and wild shrubs.
Table 7.1 Important gardens in PCMC area
#
1
2
Name of the garden

Durgadevi Garden, Nigdi
Veer Sawarkar Garden, Pradhikaran
Bhosari Tourism Centre
Shahu Udyan, Shahunagar, Chinchwad
5
6
Bahinabai Chaudhari Garden, Sambhaji

Nagar, Chinchwad
Pimple Gurav Garden
Thergaon Boat Club, Thergaon
8
9
Laxmibai Barne Udyan

Yashawantrao Chavhan Gulab pushp
Udyan
Dnyanjyoti Savitribai Phule Uyan,
Wakad
Sant Dnyaneshwar Garden, Nakshtra
Garden
Bird Valley Garden
Sai Udyan, Sambhaji Nagar
Bhakti Shakti Garden
Late Tanajirao Shitole Garden, Sangavi
10
11
12
13
14
15
Salient features
Mini Mahabaleshwar, 3 km jogging track, lawn
Waterfall, lawn, sketing ground, Statue of
Svatantryaveer Sawarkar, natural spring and lake
Jpgging track, Ranicha Killa, Railway for kids
(Zuk-zuk gadi), lawn
Railway for kids (Zuk-zuk gadi), Gajebo, lawn,
extremely innovative layout
Presence of birds, snakes etc.
Impressive layout, Dinosaur model, lawn, jogging
track and waterfall
Impressive layout, Railway for kids (Zuk-zuk gadi),
lawn, waterfall, Gajebo
Lawn and jogging track
Railway for kids (Zuk-zuk gadi) and variety of rose
species
Impressive layout, undulated lawn
Nakshatra vatika
Lake, boating, 1450 m jogging track
Lawn, hall
Shivaji Maharaj and Tukaram Maharaj statues
19 statues based on important events in Shivaji
Maharajs life
Source: Garden Department, PCMC
7.1.2 Tree Plantation

According to Maharshtra (Urban Area) Tree Protection and Preservationof Trees Rules,
2009, Article 16, Municipal Corporations are expected to plant at least 10,000 trees each
year. During the last year 69,828 tree saplings in different gardens (Table 7.1, 7.2 and 7.3)
were planted by both the PCMC and private developers. Permissions to cut trees during
road widening and other private developments are given subject to plantation of specified
number of new saplings.Pimpari Chinchwad Tree Authority has laid down following
guidelines for tree plantation by private developers.
For constructions on plots up to 500 sq m area, 1 tree is to be planted every 100 sq m.

One tree is to be planted at every 60 sq m for a proposed construction on a plot of 500
sq m to 2000 sq m.
77
For proposed construction on plots greater than 2000 sq m., 1 tree is to be planted for
every 80 sq m.
Specifications for planting only indigenous species of saplings, as well as minimum

distance from roads are also specified amongst others.
Standards for tree plantation along road side as well as under various land use pattern has
been developed in Annex 1 Article 7 (H) of Maharshtra (Urban Area) Tree Protection and
Preservationof Trees Rules, 2009. The standards are given below:
Along roadside:
o Breadth of the road 24m and more: 1 tree at 10 m interval & table hedge on
both sides of median, if possible
o 12 m to 24 m: On both sides of the road 1 tree after every 10 m
o 6 m to 12 m: 1 tree at 20 m interval
Gardens, Sea Shores, Hill Slope, Green Area, Green Belt, River Banks, bank of
water body:
1 tree per 10 sq m area
Garden: 1 tree per 20 sq m

Layout open space: 1 tree per sq m
Stadium, mini stadium, playgrounds, tot lots, Development plan open spaces: 1 tree
per 100 sq m of area of such amenity
Central, State Government, Semi Government Organisations, Corporate offices or
institutions: 1 tree per 100 sq m of plot area
Table 7.2 Tree plantation in different gardens
#
1
2
3
4
Types
of Garden /
Corridor
A. Public Gardens
B. Other Garden
Total
Developing Gardens
Developed Corridor/BETE
Developing Corridor/BETE
Total
128
26
154
24
34
11
Area (Ha)
130.79
12.14
142.93
14.87
14.965/45 Km
3.23/26 Km
78
Table 7.3 Tree plantation schemes by PCMC in 2011-12

#
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Tree plantation location

Trees planted in open space
Trees planted in garden
Durgadevi udyan project
Side of roadline
Sr.no.131, kachra depot
Moshi kachara depot
Chikhli nursery & barren land
8
9
Trees
plant
proposed
to
9019
11868
5000
5000
5000
10000
3000
Trees planted
10831
10003
4517
1212
5004
10000
3500
Tree plantation in residential project within

PCMC premises
10000
10441
Sale & distribution in nursery

Total trees (nos.)
Percent total trees
11113
70000
100
14320
69828
99.75

Details of tree plantation activities that took place during 2011-12 are enlisted in
Appendix 3.
7.1.3 Flora in Different Gardens

Table 7.4 Summary of Flora in different gardens
Total number of trees
Total number of exotic trees
Total number of indigenous trees
4146
1356
1444
Note: Detailed checklist of flora in different gardens is given in Appendix 4

DPSIR Indicator for 'Green Spaces' illustrates that green parks, green lands, open areas
and playgrounds, play an important role for the city environment. Green spaces
symbolize peace, minimal stress and a cleaner environment for many people.
An objective of this indicator is to provide as many parks, green lands, open areas and
playgrounds in a city as possible. Green spaces in urban areas are important for
recreational purposes and for generally enhancing the quality of life of people who live in
urban areas.
7.1.4 Terrestrial Fauna

Being a significant part of the ecosystem, fauna has a great role towards control and
balance of the environment. If any of the species become extinct, the whole ecosystem may
be in danger. Field observations of representative fauna, particularly avifauna and
butterflies, were undertaken in PCMC area during January 2013 (Appendix 5 & 6).
79
Butterfly
Butterflies contribute to ecosystem restoration by acting as a pollinating agents as well as a
source of food for other insects. The larvae of butterflies, also known as caterpillars, are
important to farmers and gardeners to control plant growth. Since butterflies are sensitive
to ecological changes, they indicate health of the ecosystem. As per the study conducted in
January 2013, 16 species of butterflies were recorded in PCMC area. None of them except
Common Indian crow (Euploea core) are enlisted as per the Wildlife (Protection) Act,
1972. Common Indian crow is enlisted under schedule IV of the Wildlife (Protection) Act,
1972. A detailed list of species can be seen as Appendix 5.
From the study carried out in January 2013 following inference were made:
In this area the diversity of butterfly appears to be good. The varieties are common
in most parts of the Western Ghats of India. Increased butterfly populations
indicate good plant diversity and other pollinator groups within the area.
None of the butterfly in PCMC area is endangered (Schedule I) as per Wildlife
(Protection) Act, 1972.
DPSIR indicator for Quality of Urban Wildlife illustrates that the number of bird
species is an indicator of biodiversity in urban areas.
Objective of indicator is to increase the number of species in an urban environment. The
pressure on biodiversity comes from many interconnected sources, principally land use
change, pollution and the introduction of alien a species, the area available for natural
and semi natural habitats and indigenous species is forseen to decrease, due to the
ongoing spread of urban development.
Birds
Birds are one of the most populous life forms of the biodiversity that indicate a richness of
life and beauty. Changes in living birds, both individuals and populations, are evidence of
climate change. The incredible number of bird species demonstrate amazing evolutionary
adaptations. Since a fully diverse ecology is needed to support a healthy number and range
of species, a lower than expected number or range of species in an environment, clearly
indicates a lower ecological diversity. Attempts have been made to evaluate types of food
items usually preferred (Fig 7.1) by the birds.
A detailed study on availability of avifauna in PCMC area was carried out in January 2013.
Detailed observations of the study are shown in Appendix 6. Following conclusions were
made from the study:
A total of 33 bird species, including aquatic birds (Plate 7.3) were recorded. None
of these birds are endangered (Sch I) as per Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.
The birds like blue rock pigeon, cattle egret, common swallow and pond heron
were recorded in all the seven locations surveyed.
Flocks of black winged stilt, little cormorant and cattle egret were spotted around
Chikhali and Moshi Bandhara which is good ecological niche for birds (Plate 7.4).
80
Migratory birds like yellow headed wagtail and black winged stilt were observed
around Chikhali bridge
Figure 7.1 Preference of food items by birds in PCMC area
Source: Ultra-Tech Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory

Altogether 12 groups of foods were preferred by the birds in PCMC area. Majority
of birds (30.32%) were insectivorous in habit preferring insects, worms and
arachnids as their food.
Certain varieties of birds like egrets, herons, ducks, cormorants, kingfishers etc. are
fish eaters. As the water bodies within the area do not favour healthy fish
propagation, as a result of deficiency of dissolved oxygen, the percentage of fish
eating birds was very less.
Cattle egret
Red wattled lapwing
Little cormorant
Plate 7.3 Common aquatic birds observed in and around Mula river
81
Plate 7.4 Flocks of black winged stilt and cattle egret around Chikhali and Moshi Bandharas
7.2 Aquatic Environment

7.2.1 Plankton and Benthos
Plankton are important components of ecosystem that respond to ecosystem alterations
rather rapidly. It is due to the fact that planktonic organisms, which react to different types
of water pollution, play a key role in turnover of organic matter and energy through the
ecosystem. Chlorophyll in the plant leaves or phytoplanktons that carry out the bulk of
energy fixation in the process of photosynthesis. Its concentration indicates the state of
nutrient load in the water body. Similarly zooplankton, also a very important group in the
aquatic ecosystem, act as the primary consumer and ultimately serve as the natural food
source for many aquatic organisms, including fishes. Benthos, the bottom dwelling
animals, are significant contributors in ecosystem trophic levels. Samples were collected in
Jan 2013 from ten stations of Indrayani and Mula rivers for phytoplankton (Tables 7.57.6, Figures 7.2 & 7.3, Plate 7.5), chlorophyll state (Fig. 7.4), zooplankton (Tables 7.77.9, Figs.7.5, 7.6 & Plate 7.8) and benthos (Tables 7.10 & 7.11) analysis. All samples
were collected and analysed following internationally accepted standard methods.
82
Plate 7.5 Water sampling at different locations along Indrayani and Mula rivers
Plate 7.6 Collection of sediment samples and benthos from Mula and Indrayani rivers
83
Table 7.5 Enumeration of Phytoplankton in Indrayani River during January 2013
Sr.
No.
Name
Secchi
Disc
reading
(cm)
Count
Depth (No/ml)
Composition of algal groups (%)

Chlorophyceae
Bacillario
-phyceae
Cyanophyceae
SWI
PPI
Talwade
(east side)
40
3830
45
18
37
1.67
14
Talwade
(west side)
60
S
B
Mean
3494
3371
3432
45
41
43
16
19
18
39
40
39
1.55
2.07
1.81
18
17
18
40
3113
60
19
21
1.41
15
10
S
S
B
Mean
S
1411
3124
2240
2682
1825
84
35
61
48
51
10
22
22
22
21
6
43
17
30
28
2.08
2.11
1.15
1.63
1.82
19
18
20
19
21
Talwade
(near nallah)
Chikhlibridge
Moshi
30
Alandi
40
Source: Ultra-Tech Environmental consultancy and laboratory

Ranges of Shannon Wiener Diversity Index (SWI)
<1: Indicate poor productive water

1-3 Indicate medium productive water
>3 Indicate good productive water
Samples collected at Chikhali bridge and Talwade (east side) showed lowest and highest
counts respectively.Chlorophyceae (52.75%), followed by Cyanophyceae (28.88%)
dominated all the samples while Bacillariophyceae (18.37%) was rarely present in a few
sampling points. Dominance of former 2 groups clearly indicates tendency towards
organic pollution.
Light penetration (Secchi disc transparency), an indicator of water quality, was medium,
varrying from 10 to 60 cm. This is due to higher turbidity of water that inhibits light
penetration, therby phytoplankton growth.
Shannon Wiener Diversity Index (SWI) values varied between 1.15 and 2.11 indicating
medium productive water; while average scores of PPI (14-21) indicate probable organic
pollution.
84
Table 7.6 Enumeration of Phytoplankton in Mula River during January 2013
No
3
4
Secchi
Disc
Name
Depth reading
(cm)
Wakad
Bandhara
Balewadi
(Near nallah)
Pimple Nilakh
(Upstream)
Pimple Nilakh
(Downstream)
40
Count
(No/ml)
Percent composition of algal groups

Chlorop
hyceae
Bacillario
phyceae
Cyanop
hyceae
Eugleno
phyceae
SWI
PPI
2753
32
21
57
1.91
19
3494
29
17
50
1.53
18
2836
24
69
1.23
14
Mean
3165
27
12
59
1.38
16
30
1340
38
56
0.79
15
675
35
56
--
0.96
22
20
Source: Ultra-Tech Environmental consultancy and laboratory

Ranges of Palmers Pollution index (PPI)
<15: Indicate absence of organic pollution
15 - <20: Indicate presence of organic pollution
>20: Indicate presence of high organic pollution
Samples collected at Pimple Nilakh (downstream) and Balewadi near nallah

showed lowest and highest counts respectively. Cyanophyceae (57.75%), followed
by Chlorophyceae (31.5%) dominated all the samples while Bacillariophyceae
(9.75%) and Euglenophyceae (1%) were rarely present. Dominance of former 2
groups clearly indicates tendency towards organic pollution. Also, emergence of
Euglenophyceae denotes enrichment of organic pollutants.
Light penetration(Secchi disc transparency) was poor, varrying from 5 to 40 cm.
This is due to excessive turbid (black) water coming from nallahs. In such
condition phytoplankton growth was drastically reduced.
Shannon Wiener Diversity Index (SWI) values (0.79 to 1.38) indicate poor
productive water, while Palmers Pollution Index (PPI) values (14 to 22), imply
organic pollution.
85
Plate 7.7 Diversity of microscopic Phytoplankton from Mula river
Figure 7.2 Phytoplankton counts observed in Indrayani and Mula rivers during January 2013
Figure 7.2 shows limited number of phytoplankton due to unfavourable conditions like
high turbidity and low oxygenin Mula river
Figure 7.3 Average percent composition of Phytoplankton groups in Indrayani and Mula rivers during
January 2013
Chlorophyceae, followed by cyanophyceae groups, dominating over bacillariophyceae,
generally indicates enrichment of organic pollutants in the river water.
86
Euglenophyceace, being a high pollution indicator group, was observed only in Mula
river, which also suggested that water quality of Mula river was poorer than
Indrayani river
A detailed list of Phytoplankton genera observed in Indrayani and Mula Rivers is given in
Appendix 7. Important observations of the study are as given below:
In Mula river, occurrence of high pollution indicator species is more.
The algae like Anabena, Microcystis,Aphanocapsa and Oscillatoria, that were

recorded primarily in Mula river, are prone to form dense surface water blooms
and excreting organic compounds that impart bad odour, thereby creating serious
problems in the river.
The known clean water algae like Chromulina, Agemehellum, Chrysococcus were
totally absent in Indrayani and Mula rivers.
Figure 7.4 Chlorophyll-a in different sampling stations of Indrayani and Mula rivers
Chlorophyll is the green molecule in plant cells that carries out the bulk of energy
fixation in the process of photosynthesis. The highest and lowest chlorophyll-a from
surface waters of Indrayani water samples varied from 0.0021g/l (Moshi bridge) to
1.57 g/l at Talwade (east side), while at Mula river the samefluctuated from 0.0019
g/l at Pimple Nilakh (downstream) to 1.32 g/l at Wakad Bandhara.
It appears that chlorophyll levels are less in surface waters of both the rivers. This may
be correlated to polysaprobic states and turbidity of the waters, which prevented proper
growth of algae, inspite of excessive nutrients in waterbodies.
87
Table 7.7 Enumeration of Zooplankton in Indrayani River during January 2013
Sr.
No.
Name
Talwade
(east side)
Talwade
(west side)
Talwade
(near nallah)
Chikhli
bridge
Moshi
Alandi
1
2
3
4
Count
No/m3
Percent composition of
zooplankton groups
SWI
Rotifera
Copepoda
Cladocera
3840
40
14
46
1.53
4080
31
20
49
1.28
2480
16
32
52
2.42
2080
31
31
38
2.12
3760
30
23
47
1.12
3920
24
27
49
1.76

Density of zooplankton, varied between 2080 and 4080 N/m3 representing 14
genera.
Samples collected at Chikhli and Talwade (west side) showed lowest and highest
counts respectively.
Cladocera (46.83%) dominated over Rotifera (28.66%) indicating enrichment of
organic matters.
SWI values varied between 1.12 and 2.42, which also suggest medium productive
water.
Table 7.8 Enumeration of Zooplankton in Mula River during January 2013
Sr.
No.
1
2
3
4
Name
Wakad Bandhara
Balewadi
(Near nallah)
Pimple Nilakh
(Upstream)
Pimple Nilakh
(Downstream)
Count
No/m3
Composition of zooplankton
groups (%)
Rotifera Copepoda Cladocera
SWI
2570
40
40
20
1.51
3520
36
36
28
1.54
1760
19
45
36
0.74
1360
33
36
31
1.01

88
Density of zooplankton is apparently good representing 11 genera of which

Copepoda dominated over Cladocera.
Water samples at Balewadi and Pimple Nilakh dounstream showed highest and
lowest counts respectively.
Shannon Wiener Diversity Index (SWI) values varied between 0.74 and 1.54
indicating comparatively poor productive water.
Plate 7.8 Dominant microscopic zooplankton in Mula river during January 2013
Figure 7.5 Distribution of Zooplankton in Indrayani and Mula rivers during January 2013
In Pimple Nilakh (downstream) of Mula river, the count was less due to black
coloured water and mixing of Nallah water at the river confluence.
89
Figure 7.6 Percent composition of Zooplankton groups at different stations of the rivers in January 2013
While Cladocera dominated in Indrayani river, Copepoda overnumbered others in Mula river
Clean-water indicating ciliates were absent in both the rivers. This implies that the river waters
are deficient in DO
Table 7.9 Zooplankton genera recorded in Indrayani and Mula Rivers during January 2013
Sr. No.
Zooplankton
Indrayani
Mula
Rotifera
1
Asplanchna sp.
Brachionus sp.
Dicanthophorus sp.
Keratella sp.
Monostyla sp.
Copepoda
1
Nauplius larva
Cyclops sp.
Diaptomus sp.
Cladocera
1
Alonella sp.
Bosmina sp.
3
4
5
Chydorus sp.
Daphnia sp.
Moina sp.
+
+
+
+
+
+

High pollution indicator genera, like Brachionus, Bosmina and Daphnia were
represented in Mula river, while later 2 were also available in Indrayani river.
90
None of the rivers are represented by protozoa during the study. It may be mentioned
that the presence of genera like Litonotus and Paramecium indicates clean water
having desired level of DO.
Table 7.10 Benthic fauna recorded at different sampling points in Indrayani and Mula rivers during January
2013
Sr.
No.
Name
Macrobenthos
(No/m2)
Percent composition of Macrobenthos

Terebridae Bithyniidae Chironomidae
SWI
Indrayani
1
2
3
Talwade
(east side)
Talwade
(west side)
Talwade
(near nallah)
90
47
32
21
0.59
40
32
26
42
0.69
50
56
12
32
1.0
Chikhli bridge
50
50
50
0.86
Moshi
30
52
48
0.61
60
72
12
16
0.23
20
80
20
0.75
Nil
Nil
Mula
1
2
3
4
Wakad
Bandhara
Balewadi
(Near nallah)
Pimple Nilakh
(Upstream)
Pimple Nilakh
(Downstream)

The SWI values varying from 0.23-1.00 indicate poor water quality.Chironomidae
are normally associated with degraded waterbodies. They are adapted to virtually
anoxic conditions and are dominant in organically polluted waters.
Bottom sediments of Mula river at Pimple Nilakh (both upstream and downstream)
appeared to be unfit for proper growth of benthic fauna. Water in this region was
black having negligible DO.
91
Table 7.11 Different types of Benthic fauna recorded in two rivers during January 2013
Sr. No.
Family
1.
Organisms
Indrayani
Mula
Terebridae
Turritella communis
Turritella communis
2.
Chironomidae
Chironomus larva
Chironomus larva
3.
Bithyniidae
Bithynia tentaculata
Bithynia tentaculata

Pollution indicator groups like Terebridae, followed by Chironomidae, dominated
the samples.
Low DO usually have negative effect on infauna while trophic transfer of
secondary production to predators in hypoxia condition.
7.2.2 Fisheries
Fishes, because of their relatively large size and ease of identification, have long been used
as indicators of environmental change. The mobility and sensory perception of many
species allow them to avoid environmental perturbations, and thus they can show a rapid
response to environmental changes. Fish stock is often defined as resilient if they are able
to withstand environmental change without noticeable fluctuations. Different types of nets
having definite meshes, made of nylon twines are commonly used as gears for fish
harvesting. Based on passive netting operation, the nets are classified as 1) Gill nets and
drift nets, 2) Trammel nets, 3)Screens, 4) Fixed bag nets etc. Most commonly used gear is gill
net (Plate 7.5) in PCMC area.
Plate 7.9 Gill net being installed and removed in Indrayani river (Talwade east ) in January
2013
Preliminary investigation with local fishermen revealed that there are four different
varieties of fishes, viz. Oreochromis mossambicus(Tilapia), Catla catla (Catla), Labeo
92
rohita (Rohu), Cirrhinus mrigala (Mrigal)and Ompak bimaculatus (Pabda), normally

harvested in the Indrayani river. The most dominant fish is Oreochromis mossambicus
(Tilapia) (Plate 7.6). It may be mentioned that Tilapia is an exotic hardy fish, breed
profusely throughout the year and can tolerate low DO state of water. Since its market
price is comparatively less, mostly people from economically weaker sections like this
fish.
Plate 7.10 Oreochromis mossambicus (Tilapia) found in Indrayani river

Fish fauna of Mula, Pawana and Indrayani rivers
Extensive survey was undertaken by Hora and Mishra (1942), Wagh and Ghate (2002),
Chandanshive et al. (2007) and Dahanukar et al (2012)towards fresh water fish fauna of
Mula, Pawana and Indrayani rivers within Pune city. While evaluating the temporal
variations of species composition, these four survey reports reveal that diversity of fish
fauna was less in Pawana as compared to other two rivers.A change of fish varieties was
noticed in Mula river during two surveys after a few decades. The reasons towards change
in fish population can be attributed to uncontrolled discharge of domestic and industrial
wastes. Although Indian major carps were recorded in all the three rivers Channa striatus,
a carnivorous fish having accessory respiratory organ, andalso having the habit of setting
for a while in the bottom mud of the water bodiesin absence of DO, was not recorded
earlier to 2007 (Appendix 8).
7.3 Trophic levels of selected water bodies

While classifying water bodies on the basis of quality, there are two concepts, viz. Water
Quality Index (based on 9 parameters) and Trophic levels (based on 3 principal
parameters). Considering scarcity of data for the water bodies of PCMC area, priority is
given to the later one, associated with Secchi disk transparency, total phosphorus and
chlorophyll-a; besides DO in water of Mula and Indrayani rivers.
Water clarity is measured with Secchi disk (circular white and black), attached to a
measured rope that is lowered through the water to a depth where it disappears from view.
93
In desired oligotrophic water (clear) the Secchi depth may be greater than 10 metres while
in undesired eutrophic waters with low visibility, the Secchi depth can be less than a metre.
Phosphorus is the major nutrient that often limits the concentrations of algae in a lake; the
higher the P concentration, the more eutrophic water. In large quantities, they can
encourage the growth of nuisance aquatic weeds.
Concentrations of algae are also a measure of trophic status though it is difficult to
measure algae directly. Chlorophyll-a concentration is used to give an indirect measure of
algal concentrations. It is the pigment present in plants that makes them appear green and
allows them to obtain energy from the sun (photosynthesis).
Levels of oxygen provide an indirect measure of lake trophic status. Eutrophic water
bodies often have little or no oxygen during late night and also in bottom waters during day
time.
In order to evaluate the trophic status of the river waters, the values of transparency,
chlorophyll-aand phosphorus were considered with available standards. Based on these
parameters the Indrayani and Mula rivers appear to be Hypereutrophic (Table 7.12).
Table 7.12 Trophic Status of Indrayani and Mula Rivers
Oligotrophic
Secchi Disc transparency

(m)
>4
Chlorophyll-a
(/L)
<2
Total Phosphorus
(g/L)
< 10
Mesotrophic
1.6 to 4
2 to 10
10 to 30
0.7 to 1.6
10 to 30
30 to 60
Status
Eutrophic
Hyper
< 0.7
> 30
> 60
Indrayani
0.4-1.0
0.0021-1.57
900-1600
Mula
0.1-1.0
0.011 1.32
1400-2000
eutrophic

A healthy water body (Oligotrophic) demands high secchi disc transparency, and
low phosphorous content & algal growth
Data clearly indicates that Indrayani and Mula rivers fall under the category hyper
eutrophic due to poor transparency and excessive phosphorous concentrations.
Discharge of domestic sewage through Nallahs into the rivers and other
anthropogenic activities such as cattle bathing, car washing, clothes & utensil
washing etc. causes increased turbidity and phosphorous content.
94
Although phosphorous enhances growth of algae, thereby chlorophyll-a content;

such condition did not prevail in Mula and Indrayani rivers due to saprobicity and
near-anoxic conditions. River waters need sufficient time for mineralization of
organic nutrients leading to profuse growth of algae and other aquatic biota. In
view of this chlorophyll-a content was negligible in these river waters.
95
8.
Action Plan
Ecological survey reveals that environmental status of different components within

PCMC area is mostly in alarming condition. PCMC in cooperation with private firms,
NGOs etc. should take special efforts to combat these problems as delineated hereunder:
8.1 Socio-economic structure
In order to encourage cycling and walking practices among the citizen, PCMC
should develop dedicated pedestrian pathways (footpath) and separate cycling
tracks.
PCMC should make arrangements to provide basic amenities like clean drinking
water, collection of solid waste, sanitation facilities like Sulabh Shauchalay,
toilets for women to improve the living standards in the slum areas.
Taking into account the increasing number of HIV cases in the city, PCMC should
make provisions of counselling and testing for the citizen. In addition, family
planning and supplying free contraceptives are also necessary to keep the
population under control.
Due to development of automobile, education and IT sectors population of

PCMC area is increasing rapidly resulting in depletion of natural resources
like hills, lakes, ground water, forest areas and agriculture land etc. The
presentuncontrolled and unsustainable growth pattern of the cityis affecting
the quality of life. Considering available resources and future demands PCMC
should develop a sustainable development plan for the city which should be
strictly followed.
8.2 Surface water

Commensurate to prevailing environmental status of the rivers, as delineated in earlier
chapters, and present & anticipated future anthropogenic pressures, suggested
comprehensive mitigation measures are.
96
Demarcation of boundaries to protect the areas of rivers & lakes, and preventing the
encroachments
Identification of non- point sources of pollutants, including chemicals from
agriculture runoff and city sewage, entering the river
Identification of domestic wastewater sources and other point sources of pollution

into rivers from the habitations
Issuing a separate GO for prohibition of bathing, washing, mining and related
anthropogenic activities with due consideration of social aspects of the issue
Introduction of specific types of fishes which helps in cleansing the water
It is also suggested that the Action Plan for improvement of rivers could be under shortterm plan, in which the issues relating to growth of trees, fish, and other human related
activities could be addressed.
Existing water characteristics of Mula, Indrayani and Pawana rivers appear to be
unsuitable for aquaculture, or any other human use. Excessive pollutants in river
waters are the result of disposal of solid wastes (Plate 8.1) on river banks and
liquid wastes through nallahs (Plate 8.2). In order to avoid deterioration of surface
waters PCMC should take the above mentioned measures.
Plate 8.1 (A to D): Disposal of solid waste into river water in PCMC area
97
Plate 8.2 (A and B): Polluted Nallah water entering river water
Plate 8.3 Cattle-bathing in Mula river

It is documented that rivers and majority of the lakes in the PCMC area are in
extremely poor condition due to solid waste intrusion in the river/lake,
accumulation of toxic sediments in river / lake beds and profuse growth of aquatic
weeds, particularly water hyacinth. Solid wastes and deposited sediments result in
DO depletion, release of GHG emissions, eutrophication and obnoxious odour.
Further, excessive nutrient load, received through polluted nallahs and waste water,
boost the growth of aquatic weeds that reduce the light penetration capacity by
covering the surface water, thereby, reducing the algal photosynthesis and DO. The
problem aggravates when these aquatic weeds gradually die and sink to the bottom
causing additional nutrient accumulation and increasing the volume of the bottom
sediments (humus). Such eutrophic conditions are harmful to aquatic life. As a
partial management, even if the incoming allochthonous nutrients are arrested
to enter the water bodies, the earlier deposited (if not removed) autochthonous
nutrients and greenhouse gases will gradually be released from the bottom
through natural biogeochemical processes, resulting in eutrophication of
waters for decades. In view of this, PCMC should take following actions:
98
Water bodies should be apparently free from aquatic weeds and

deposited sediments. Specific tools are available for application. For
example, the Water Master is a multi-purpose machine that can excavate
settled garbage on river/ lake bed and dredges out toxic sediments. It also
cuts and disposes unwanted wild vegetation. The machine is shown in plate
(Plate 8.4). PCMC can avail services from this or similar companies to
clean the river beds and remove aquatic weeds on priority basis.
Plate 8.4 Water master from Sai Water Technologies, Mumbai
Treatment of nallah water before releasing it into the river/lake for which
various techniques are available. The PhytoRid system has been applied
by using select varieties of plants to clean surface water bodies (Plate
8.5). The technological details are available with NEERI, Mumbai Zonal
Laboratory. This technology has earlier been implemented at Chakan
Industry, CIDCO Panvel, Delhi Municipal Corporation etc.
Plate 8.5 Application of PhytoRid system to clean Nallah water
Artificial Floating Island (AFI) technology can be adopted on surface

water bodies including nallahs. The AFI is prepared from coconut coir as
plant growth & anchorage medium, nutrient stripping plant species, bamboo
for making tough buoyant skeleton and a supporting coir matrix (Plate 8.6).
The technology, developed by Prof. S. K. Billore from Vikram University,
Ujjain, has been successfully implemented on River Kshipra in Ujjain.
99
Plate 8.6 Installation of Artificial Floating Island (AFI) in River Kshipra

Sewage treatment plants should be given additional weightage since these can be
used to produce biogas as well as electricity. Encouragingly, the plant at Akurdi is
currently producing hydroelectricity from the wastewater and the biogas generated
from the anaerobic digestion is converted into electricity. Akurdi STP can be used as a
model and the technology can be replicated in other STPs to produce biogas and
electricity. This will reduce the energy consuption of the plant and contribute in
tapping greenhouse gas like methane. In addition to modifying the existing STPs for
this purpose, PCMC should also encourage STP operators to increase the
efficiency of the plant so as to reduce the energy consumption without compromising
the sewage treatment.
Immersion of Ganesh idols into the water body causes water pollution and affects
aquatic ecosystems adversely. Although PCMC has constructed artificial immersion
tanks at various locations where people are supposed to immerse Ganesh idols and
Nirmalya during festival, still there are cases of violations. In order to completely
stop the immersion into the natural water bodies, PCMC should remain vigilant during
the festivities.
Once the rivers / lakes are cleaned, in order to protect the water bodies from storm
water intrusion, it is necessitated to have a filtering buffer zone as a long term
solution. Besides developing green belt zones in catchment areas, a technique known
as Geogreen blanket is available for bank management (Plate 8.7). The Geogreen
blanket helps in river / lake / pond rejuvenation (Plates 8.8 and 8.9), wherein the green
blanket is installed on the barren slopes and seeds of some plant species are spread. The
technique is beneficial towards erosion control of water body embankments, protection
of water channels, shoreline protection, slope protection, vegetation establishment,
green belt development in areas surrounding water bodies, rain water harvesting etc.
The technology has been successfully implemented at various locations.
100
Plate 8.7 GeoGreen Blanket

A lake of five ha had problem of heavy
siltation due to surface runoff from the
slopes of the lake. The geogreen blanket
was installed on these barren slopes and
seeds of some exotic plant species were
spread. This was followed by adequate
watering for a few days and within four
months a beautiful green belt had
developed around the lake. Thus,
GeoGreen blanket not only solved the
problem of siltation but also added a green
edge to the lake.
Plate 8.8 Lake Rejuvenation (Courtesy: Sri Venkateshwara Fibre Udyog, Bangalore)
The river bank beside a resort was prone to
severe erosion and the land was
continuously being drifted to the river
water. The rising water level during floods
was a big threat to the nearby buildings.
The river bank was easily eroded since it
was completely barren without any
vegetation. SVFU installed the GeoGreen
blanket followed by seeds of some locally
available plant species. Within two months
lush green vegetation covered the banks
completely and the once lost land was
restored completely.
Plate 8.9 River Bank Stabilization (Courtesy: Sri Venkateshwara Fibre Udyog, Bangalore)
Over exploitation of ground water is inevitable due to urbanization and thus, the
groundwater potential is getting reduced. Hence, a strategy to implement groundwater
recharge, in a major way, need to be launched to build up the water table and make the
groundwater resource a reliable and sustainable source for supplementing water supply
needs of the urban dwellers. Considering present and future demands, coupled with
shortage of rainfall, there is a need for provision of rain water harvesting in PCMC
101
area. Recharge of groundwater through storm runoff & roof top water collection,
besides diversion & collection of runoff into dry tanks, play grounds, parks and other
vacant places are to be implemented. The Geogreen blanket technology is one of the
options that can be used for protecting the slopes and base of the storage tanks dug on
the ground to store rainwater (Plate 8.10).
Plate 8.10 (A and B): The Geogreen blanket used for protecting the slopes and base of the storage tanks dug
on the ground to store rainwater (Courtesy: Sri Venkateshwara Fibre Udyog, Bangalore)
Monitoring:
- All surface water bodies should be monitored at designated sampling points
for parameters likes (DO, transparency, phosphorous, Chlorophyll-a) at
least once a week. Further, DO of selective stations at surface and bottom
must be measured prior to sunrise at least once in a month.
- In order to evaluate trophic status of all the water bodies in PCMC area,
which is prerequisite to undertake restoration programmes, necessary
parameters (DO, transparency, phosphorous, Chlorophyll-a) should be
monitored on bi-monthly basis.
8.3 Air pollution mitigation
102
An individual can help in controlling air pollution by using alternate means of

transportation like carpooling, walking, and riding bicycleto travel to nearby places
so as to reduce air pollution.
Minimising the need to travel helps to reduce the number of vehicles on road
resulting in minimising air pollutants and decreasing travel time. The PCMC
should continue encouraging E-governance described in section 1.8 that can help
to avoid physical travelling.
A number of crossing points inside the city increase the congestion and air
pollutants. The PCMC should identify the possibilities to develop flyover
bridges within the city and ring roads from the outskirts of the city area in
order to improve the mobility.
Use of lower emission vehicles, such as vehicles meeting specified Euro-class or

Bharat emission standards should be promoted. Alternative fuels such as CNG,
LPG, biogas etc., as implemented in city like Delhi, should be popularised in
PCMC jurisdiction.
As a long term measure, PCMC should introduce mass transit systems such as
monorail or metro to reduce the number of private vehicles.
Proper permissions should be given to construction activities and measures should
be taken to avoid excessive dust in the surround area.
Eutrophic water bodies continuously emit greenhouse gases like methane and CO 2
that contribute to global warming. An action plan should be developed to limit
the entry of nutrients into water bodies and clean the existing water bodies.
Citizen of PCMC area should be discouraged to burst firecrackers in densely
populated residential areas. Open areas should be identified for communal
firecracker bursting.
Monitoring: Parameters like SOx, NOx, RSPM (PM10and PM2.5) should be
measured at least twice in a week in residential, commercial and industrial zones.
8.4 Noise reduction measures
PCMC needs to come up with a policy to abate noise emanating from vehicular
movements, such as charging fine for high decibel horns in silence zone. No
vehicle zones should be encouraged in the city.
According to noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000, an area not
less than 100 m around hospitals, educational Institutions, and Courts is
declared as silence area or zone. Loud speakers and vehicular horns should not
be allowed in silence zone. While conducting survey of noise pollution in
silent zones, it was recorded that noise levels exceeded the CPCB standards
both during day and night at all the 10 locations identified.PCMC should
undertake strict vigilance, so as to maintain the desired noise levels in silence
zones.
In order to maintain the noise levels in residential zones, loud speaker or public
address systems shall not be used at night (between 10.00 pm and 6.00 am),
even during festival days. Use of loud speaker during the day time should only
be allowed after obtaining written permission from the concerned authority and
even if the permission is obtained, the limit should not be crossed.
Noise complaints from citizens should be accepted directly to the local police
stations even with a phone call.
Attempt should be made to reduce the roadway noise through different means.
There are a variety of strategies that can be used to mitigate roadway noise such
as, use of noise barriers, limitation of vehicle speeds, alteration of roadway
surface texture, limitation of heavy duty vehicles, use of traffic controls that
smooth vehicle flow to reduce braking and acceleration, and tire design.
103
The students of educational institutions and children should be discouraged to

burst firecrackers to control air and noise pollution during festival days. These
firecrackers also cause fatal injuries and initiate fires.
Citizen should be motivated to avoid use of high sound producing
equipments at home or during festivals, religious and social functions which
contribute to noise pollution.
Vegetation cover also helps to reduce the noise at considerable levels.
Monitoring:
- PCMC should make provisions to measure levels of noise at least once a
week during day and night time at various stations spread across residential,
industrial, commercial and silence zones.
- In general, noise is measured near the source, where it is at alarming state in
most of the PCMC areas. In order to demarcate impact zones, there is a
need to measure noise levels at vertical (terrace of surrounding tall
buildings) and horizontal distances from the sources.
8.5 Solid Waste Management
104
Unregulated waste dumping is a crucial contributor to social and environmental

problems. Precaution should be taken out to regulate or minimize the problems
caused due to unregulated waste dumping.
Dumping of waste should be undertaken in different batches so as to reduce the load
on dumping site & accumulation of toxicants in specific location. Waste should be
dumped over a non-permeable layer to avoid leaching of metals & other toxicants
directly into the soil. A separate collection point can be made to collect the leachate
and it can be processed separately and disposed of following specific guidelines.
Presently, a landfill site of 10 ha area, at the north end of the city near Moshi, is
being used for dumping / land filling of waste, collected from PCMC jurisdiction.
Since the site is located at one side of the city, PCMC needs to consider other sites to
avoid contamination of air and soil due to dispersion of solid wastes while
transporting the same across the city. The effort will be benefitted by reducing CO 2,
emitted by the vehicles used and transportation cost incurred.
A detailed study at different layers of soil at land-filling site clearly indicated that
certain pollutants e.g. zinc, copper, manganese etc. are penetrating vertically in
soil layers which may result in severe ground water pollution in due course of
time. In order to avoid such serious problem there is an urgent need to reduce the
waste that is transported to the land-filling site. This can be done by encouraging
segregation and treatment of waste at source. PCMC should provide incentives to
encourage rag-pickers to remove recyclable wastes like metal, plastic etc. effectively
and also to promote composting and vermicomposting of organic waste at local or
Ward level.
The segregation and collection of municipal solid waste is most important. Citizen
should be encouraged and incetivised to segregate the waste at source. The
segregated organic fraction of the waste can be treated at ward level to produce
biogas. Such decentralisation of waste management will help to reduce the burden on
Moshi Kachara Depot and also contribute to minimise the energy used for street
lightening.
As being given special attention in Delhi, major focus should be towards composting
of organic wastes. It may be mentioned that the composting plant of South Delhi
Municipal Corporation in Okhla, New Delhi became the first in India to receive the
carbon credits from the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change. In March 2013, the civic body was given Rs 25 lakh as an advance
against the Carbon Emission Reduction (CER) earnings from this plant. The
Okhla plant became operational in 2008. Since then, around two lakh tonnes of waste
has already been processed. In future, the capacity would be increased. The South
Delhi Municipal Corporation has outsourced this operation to IL&FS (Infrastructure
Leasing & Financial Services Ltd), which in turn is also working on the programme
for upgradation of this plant (Knowledge 17, March 24, 2013).
PCMC should make an effort to organize rag-pickers by providing registered I Card,
comprehensive health insurance and basic protective equipments to improve their
health condition. Proper uniform and identity card will encourage them, if PCMC,
along with organizations like World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), Abhiyan
Foundation etc. who work for the welfare of rag pickers.
It may be mentioned here that the neighbouring PMC initiated a financial aid for
health and accident insurance scheme for 6000 rag pickers who collect 300-350
tonnes of dry waste per day (Clean India Journal, Jan 2011). The New India
Insurance Company proposed a policy for them and PMC contributed Rs.5, 16,260
for the same. Considering the services of rag pickers, PCMC should also adopt
similar steps.
There is a need to consider safe and scientific disposal of hazardous waste generating
form the residential area such as mercury from thermometer, heavy metals like
nickel, cadmium from batteries etc.
E-Waste: PCMC should provide convenient collection points for gathering
electronic waste and arrange a scientific disposal system to avoid environmental
degradation. This will avoid entry of e-waste into municipal solid waste.
A separate collection bin for e-waste such as incandescent bulbs, electronic
equipment, machines, computer accessories etc. should be installed at convenient
locations in residential area. People should also be sensitized through paper and
electronic media to avoid mixing e-waste with municipal solid waste.
Monitoring: PCMC should make arrangements to regularly measure the
contaminants from vertical and horizontal soil profile; a check on leachate produced
from the dumping site need to be measured by testing ground water at least quarterly.
105
8.6 Biodiversity
8.6.1 Terrestrial
In order to combat dust pollution there is a need for massive plantation programme. The
CPCB has recommended the varieties of plants suitable for the purpose. The shrubs like
Copper leaf (Acalypha hispida), Beshram (Ipomea nil), Bougainvillea (Bougainvillea
glavara), etc. and trees like Poplar (Populus sp), Bottle Brush (Callistemon citrinus), Arjun
(Terminalia arjuna), Peepal (Ficus religiosa), Banyan Tree (Ficus bengalensis), Kadam
(Anthosephalus cadamba), Neem (Azardirachta indica), Amaltas (Cassia fistula) etc. can
be planted for control of dust pollution.
Noise pollution is suppressed by certain woody plant species like Gulmohar (Delonix
regia), Saag (Tectona grandis Linn), Silver Oak (Grevillea robusta), Bakain (Melia
azadirerch), Kadamba (Anthoephallus cadamba), Peepal (Ficus religiosa), Mango
(Mangifera indica), Udumbara (Ficus glomerata), Devdaru (Cedrus deodara) etc.
Amongst these species sound absorption coefficient of Udumbara wood is greater. In
general, spongy wood tree is most useful to reduce noise pollution.
In order to enhance biodiversity by attracting caterpillars, butterflies, other animals,
including avifauna in the area, there is a need to plant certain varieties of plants under
green belt development scheme. Accordingly, depending on preference, it is recommended
to plant Butea monosperma, a larval host plant for common pea blue, Cassia fistula for
spotless grass yellow, Ficus retusa for common Indian crow etc. To attract beneficial
honeybees and other insects through sweet scent, common nectar and pollen rich plants
like Areca catechu, Alianthus excelsa, Azadarichta indica, Putranjiva roxburghii etc. are
suggested to include in green belt area.
In order to reduce adverse effects of air pollutants on biota, vehicles having pollution
under control certificate should be allowed to ply within the city. There should be
compulsorily use of covering sheets to prevent dust dispersion from the vehicles used for
carrying loose materials.
Monitoring: Vegetation enumeration must be carried out once a year covering herbs,
shrubs, trees and medicinal plants during post monsoon season. Avifauna, insect,
butterflies should be monitored quarterly. Special attention must be given on migratory
birds.
8.6.2 Aquatic
Presently the surface water bodies are in eutrophic states that are incompatible for
biological growth at desired level. In view of this, there is an urgent need to remove excess
nutrients deposited in bottom sediments, unwanted aquatic weeds and to arrest discharge of
sewage through nallahs.
106
Proper growth of fish and fish food organisms can only be maintained at minimum DO of
4mg/l throughout the water column during day & night times, and low nutrient levels (P:
0.02mg/l; NO3: 0.2mg/l).
Quarterly monitoring of zooplankton, phytoplankton, benthos, Chlorophyll-a
concentration and fishing activities must be arranged.
8.7 Reducing light pollution

Light pollution is the result of excess or obtrusive light created by humans. Among other
effects, it disrupts ecosystems, triggers accidents, can cause adverse health effects besides
its wastageof energy. The sources include lighting of building interiors and exteriors,
advertising boards, commercial properties, head lights of vehicles, street light, illuminated
sporting events etc. Energy audit data demonstrates that about 30-60% of the energy
consumed for lighting goes wasted.
PCMC should judiciously give permission to advertising boards that use energy.
Switching to energy efficient lighting options like CFL and LED for interior and
exterior illumination purposes can help to save the energy.
Switching off road lights during day light when not needed either manually or
using timers can save energy for PCMC.
Using low beam while driving at night will add to the road safety.
107
References
Bhat, A., 2004.Patterns in the distribution of freshwater fishes in rivers of Central Western
Ghats, India and their associations with environmental gradients. Hydrobiol, 529: 83-97.
Bhuiyan, A. L., 1964. Fishes of Dacca. Asiatic Society of Pakistan, Dacca.pp.148.
Chandanshive, N.E., Kamble, S.M. and Yadav, B.E., 2007. Fish fauna of Pawana river of
Pune, Maharashtra Zoos Print Journal 22(5): 2693-2694.
Conservation Assessment and Management Plan Workshop for Freshwater Biodiversity of
Pakistan, 13-17 December, 2004.
Hora S.L and K.S.Mishra., 1942.Fishes of Poona, Part II. Journal of Bombay Natural History
Society 43:218-225.
Padmalal, D., Maya, K., Sreebha, S and Sreeja, R., 2007. Environmental effects of river sand
mining: a case from the river catchments of Vembanad lake, Southwest coast of
India. Environmental Geology 54(4): 879-889.
Shahnawaz, A., Venkateshwarlu, M., Somashekar, D. S. and Santosh, K. 2010. Fish diversity
with relation to water quality of Bhadra River of Western Ghats (India). Environmental
Monitoring and Assessment 161: 83-91.
Sreekantha and Ramachandra,T. V. 2005, Fish Diversity in Linganamakki Reservoir and
Sharavathi River, Eco. Env. & Cons. 11 (3-4):337-348.
Wagh G. K. and Ghate H. V. (2002), Fresh water Fish Fauna of the rivers Mula and Mutha,
Pune, Maharashtra.
Jafari N. G. and Gunale V. R. (2006),Hydrobiological Study of Algae of an Urban
Freshwater River, J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Mgt., Vol. 10 (2) 153 158.
108
List of Abbreviations
C: Degree Celsius
F: Degree Fahrenheit
AIDS: Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome
BDL: Below Desirable Limit
BOD: Biochemical Oxygen demand
BRT: Bus Rapid Transit
BSUP: Basic Services to the Urban Poor
CDP: City Development Plan
CH4: Methane
CI: Chlorides
CO: Carbon Monoxide
COD: Chemical Oxygen Demand
CPCB: Central Pollution Control Board
CPHEEO:Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organisation
dB: Decibel
DO: Dissolved Oxygen
DPSIR: Driving forces-Pressures-State of Environment- Impacts- Response
E -Waste: Electronic Waste
ESR: Environmental Status Report
FRL: Full Reservoir Level
FSI: Floor Space Index
HC: Hydrocarbons
HFL: High Flood Level
HIV: Human Immuno Virus
Hrs: Hours
ICDS: Integrated Child Developmental Scheme
IIT: Indian Institute of Technology
IITM: Indian Institute of Tropical Metrology
IMD: Indian Meteorological Department
INTACH : Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage
IPPI: Indoor Plus Polio Immunization
IS: Indian Standards
ISI: Indian Standard Institution
ITS: Intelligent Transportation System
JNNURM: Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission
Km: kilo meters
KWh: Kilo Watt
Leq: The equivalent continuous Sound Pressure Level (SPL) for a particular duration.
MCCIA: Mahratta Chamber of Commerce, Industries and Agriculture
Mcum/TMC: Million Cubic meter per
mg/1: milligram/liter
Mg/g: milligram/gram
MIDC: Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation
MLD: Million Liters per Day IT (Information Technology)
mm: milli meters
MNGL: MaharashtraNatural Gas Limited
109
MPCB: Maharashtra Pollution Control Board

MSEDCL: Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Company Limited
MT: Metric Ton
MTD: Metric Tons per Day
NASSCOM: The National Association of Software and Services Companies
NBC: National Building Code
NEERI: National Environmental Engineering Research Institute
NGO: Non Government Organization
NMT: Non Motorized Transport
NMVOC: Non Mobile Volatile Organic Carbon
NOx: Nitrogen Oxides
NTU: Naphelometric Turbidity Unit
NUTP: National Urban Transport Policy
OPD: Out Patient Department
PCMC: Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation
PCNTDA: Pimpri Chinchwad New Town Development Authority
PM10: Particulate Matter 10
PMPML: Pune Mahanagar Palika Parivahan Mahamandal Limited
PO42: Phosphates
ppm: Parts Per Million
RC: Residual Chlorine
RSPM: Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter
RTO: Regional Transport Office
S04: Sulphates
SEA: Strategic Environmental Assessment
SOP: Standard Operating Procdure
SOx: Oxides of Sulphur
SPM: Suspended Particulate Matter
Sq km: square kilometer
Sq m: Square meter
SRA: Slum Rehabilitation Authority
STD: Sexually Transmitted Disease
STP: Sewage Treatment Plant
SWaCH: Solid Waste Collection and Handling
TDS: Total Dissolved Solids
TH: Total Hardness
TMC: Thousand Million Cubic Feet
TSS: Total Suspended Solids
U/O : Unobjectionable
ug/m3: microgram per meter cube
us/cm:Microsimence per centimeter
VOC: Volatile Organic Carbon
WHO: World Health Organization
WTP: Water Treatment plant
110
Appendix
Appendix 1 Characteristics of Raw and Treated Water at Survey No. 23, Nigdi from January 2012 to January 2013
Month
Turbidity (NTU)
Total Hardness (mg/l)
IS
Standard
5 NTU max
300 mg/l max
Total Dissolved Solids

(ppm)
500 ppm max
Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l)
Fluoride (mg/l)
MPN/100ml
5 mg/l min
1 mg/l max
nil
Raw
Treated
Raw
Treated
Raw
Treated
Raw
Treated
Raw
Treated
Raw
Treated
Jan 12
4.9
2.1
56
44
57.2
56
6.3
6.9
0.68
0.51
350
Feb 12
5.1
2.2
64
52
56.9
53.4
5.9
6.2
0.63
0.49
550
Mar 12
4.2
2.2
52
44
55.3
52.6
6.2
6.2
0.49
0.33
1600
Apr 12
4.2
2.4
52
48
55.6
54.7
7.9
8.0
0.8
0.7
900
May 12
5.7
2.2
52
48
56.5
55.7
6.8
7.0
0.9
0.7
900
June 12
7.9
2.6
56
52
57.2
56.7
7.8
8.1
0.9
0.7
900
July 12
6.4
2.3
76
68
87.1
85.7
7.2
7.8
0.19
0.11
900
Aug 12
41.1
2.2
104
100
113
114
7.7
7.7
0.46
0.33
1600
Sep 12
13.1
1.9
108
100
110
111
7.9
8.0
0.11
0.10
1600
Oct 12
13.7
1.8
144
140
143
142
7.2
7.6
0.2
0.1
1600
Nov 12
4.67
2.40
56
51
58.2
55
9.6
9.6
0.02
0.1
1600
Dec 12
5.09
3.6
64
60
59
58.3
7.4
7.8
0.17
0.1
1600
Jan 13
6.30
2.10
72
64
60
52
10.5
12.5
0.75
0.62
900
Source: Water Department, PCMC

111
Appendix 2 Removal (percent) efficiencies of STPs in PCMC area during 2012-13

STPs
Chikhli
Phase
1
Chikhli
Phase
2
Rawet
Pimple
Nilakh
Chinchwad
(SBR)
Charholi
Chinchwad
(ASP)
Aakurdi
Sangvi
(SBR)
Sangvi
(FAB)
Kasarwadi
Phase II
Kasarwadi
Phase III
SS
COD
BOD
NA
NA
NA
87.3
77.8
93.0
NA
NA
NA
97.2
97.1
96.2
93.8
93.6
90.4
NA
NA
NA
77.7
91.8
86.1
95.9
95.3
92.6
NA
NA
NA
86.0
87.5
86.8
95.4
94.5
94.2
96.5
94.8
93.6
SS
NA
86.2
74.9
95.6
95.6
NA
87.4
96.0
NA
77.0
90.7
92.2
COD
NA
85.3
74.9
95.9
94.1
NA
91.7
93.0
NA
85.2
92.1
92.1
BOD
NA
82.5
57.5
94.6
92.3
NA
86.7
90.3
NA
80.7
91.9
91.7
SS
85.2
88.0
70.0
95.8
96.2
NA
89.7
94.3
89.7
82.5
91.7
93.2
COD
86.4
88.2
82.0
96.3
94.3
NA
91.2
91.6
90.9
87.9
92.0
94.2
BOD
78.0
84.2
77.8
94.8
93.0
NA
88.9
90.8
89.5
86.6
91.3
91.4
SS
82.0
87.9
69.9
NA
96.7
94.3
91.3
94.0
94.2
NA
93.5
94.9
COD
83.0
88.5
84.7
NA
94.9
42.0
92.6
90.5
95.4
NA
93.0
94.9
BOD
72.6
83.6
86.3
NA
94.2
53.4
86.0
88.3
92.4
NA
92.6
91.3
Season
ParaMeters
S
PM
S: Summer(March, April, May), M:Monsoon(June, July, August), PM:Post Monsoon (September, October, November), W:Winter
January,February), SS: Suspended Solid, COD: Chemical Oxygen Demand, BOD: Biochemical Oxygen Demand
NA: Data not available
112
(December,
STP Inlet and Outlet readings for certain parameters.

S.S.
B.O.D.
C.O.D
Inlet
Outlet
Inlet
Outlet
Inlet
Outlet
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
PM
198.0
29.0
389.0
23.0
389.0
87.0
150.0
17.0
142.0
24.0
353.0
96.0
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
217.0
30.0
169.0
25.0
474.0
83.0
PM
123.0
23.0
160.0
8.0
400.0
63.0
145.0
17.0
140.0
16.0
336.0
55.0
57.0
22.0
47.0
13.0
78.0
28.0
70.0
16.0
42.0
9.0
76.0
19.0
PM
47.0
16.0
45.0
7.0
104.0
12.0
45.0
21.0
39.0
7.0
88.0
19.0
181.0
5.0
170.0
5.0
523.0
20.0
129.0
5.7
122.0
5.0
368
20.0
PM
119.0
5.0
109.0
4.0
343
18.0
148.0
5.0
137.0
4.0
435
18.0
142.0
6.6
107.0
6.4
259
21.0
153.0
6.7
107.0
6.5
240
18.0
PM
189.0
6.3
119.0
6.3
263
16.8
211.0
7.2
125.0
6.7
277
18.2
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
PM
423.2
13.2
18.2
10.1
59.38
27.0
49.0
11.0
31.0
8.9
80
29.5
Chikhali Phase I
Chikhali Phase II
Rawet
PimpleNilakh
Chinchwad(SBR)
Charholi
113
124.0
20.0
104.0
8.3
255
34.0
119.0
12.5
106.0
9.4
238
29.0
PM
124.0
11.0
114.0
9.0
272
35.0
120.0
13.2
116.0
9.2
304
47.0
143.0
6.0
122.0
7.8
348
32.0
169.0
9.0
104.6
9.0
332
30.5
PM
156.0
9.7
104.0
9.4
325
35.3
153.5
8.1
98.5
8.1
287
30.5
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
152.0
22.5
151.0
24.3
482.4
71.5
PM
241.0
14.0
146.3
7.4
464
36.0
321.6
18.1
130
4.3
444
31.5
159.0
22.3
170.5
21.4
361.5
47.7
143.8
31.7
212.1
20.7
251.1
52.9
PM*
166.0
29.0
165.0
20.0
352.0
47.0
282.4
60.6
144.2
42.8
269.6
79.6
126.0
7.2
125.0
8.0
385
25.0
Kasarwadi
98.4
9.0
99.0
7.3
288
27.0
Phase III
PM
123
7.2
121
350
31
203
7.6
143.5
6.6
416.5
30.8
95
5.8
106
6.5
315
22.4
Kasarwadi
98.3
9.6
101.5
312
25
Phase II
PM
87
81
6.5
238
21
113
105
300
22
Chinchwad (ASP)
Aakurdi
Sangvi (SBR)
Sangvi (FAB)
Note: Summer (S):- March, April and May, Monsoon (M):-June, July and August, Post
Monsoon (PM):- September, October and November, Wnter (W):-December, January and
February, *= Data available for october month
114
Appendix 3 Tree plantation schemes by PCMC in 2011-12

Sr.No.
1
Tree plantation location

Trees planted in open space
Trees proposed to plant

3
Trees planted
4
A Ward
3621
4211
B Ward
1820
2279
C Ward
1963
2415
D Ward
1615
1926
Total
9019
10831
Trees planted in garden

5
A Ward
4146
4792
B Ward
2957
1564
C Ward
933
913
D Ward
3832
2734
Total
11868
10003
Durgadevi udyan project
5000
4517
10
Side of roadline
5000
1212
11
Sr.no.131, kachra depo
5000
5004
12
Moshi kachara depo
10000
10000
13
Chikhli nursery & barren land
3000
3500
14
Tree plantation in residential project

within PCMC premises
10000
10441
15
Sale & distribution in nursery
11113
14320
Total trees (nos.)
70000
69828
100
99.75
Percent total trees
Appendix 4 Checklist of flora in different gardens

Sr.No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
Name of the garden

Indira Gandhi Udyan
Vajra Lok Budhvihar
Sidarth Gautam Budha
Udyaan
Shivaji Park peth
Sai Krushna Udyaan
Vighna harta Udyaan
Mhatma Phule Udyaan
Bhinabai Udyan Choudhari
Snake Park and Bird ---Shree Sai Udyan
Aa. Kra.60, Sambhajinagar
Rajshri Shahu Udyaan
Ahilyadevi Holkar
Vishwa Karma Udyan
Nana Nani Udyan
Muktai Udyan
Shri Sadgure Datta Udyan
Aanna Bhau Sathe Nanagar
Total
25
8
30
Indigenous species
0
0
0
Exotic species
25
8
30
85
195
11
78
42
55
175
0
78
7
30
20
11
0
35
332
49
610
32
34
70
207
115
45
147
49
310
2
4
15
122
45
185
0
300
30
30
55
85
0
115
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
Udyan
Bhakti Shakti Udyan
Vahtuk Nagari Udyan
Shri Vitthal Rukmini Mandir
Udyan
Maruti Mandir Udyan
Someshwar Udyan
Radhakrushna Udyan
Shri Dakshinmukhi Maruti
Udyan
Ganesh Bag
Swami Samarth Udyan
Dada Dadi Udyan
Pandharkar Udyan
Gangai Balodyan Udyan
Vijay Colony Ganganagar
Udyan
Sant Dnyaneshwar Udyan
Sant Tukaram Udyan
Mauli Udyan
Rambag Udyan
Gajanan Mharaj Udyan
Thermax Chowk to KSB
Chowk
Sewage Treatment CentreChikhli
Nigdi Smashanbhumi
Aa. 520 (Gharkul Yojna)
Kladalan Udyan
Mhetrevasti
Jadhavvadi
Khandoba Mandir
150
20
20
0
0
0
150
20
20
10
10
25
75
0
0
0
35
10
10
25
40
33
10
60
10
10
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
33
10
60
10
10
10
60
28
20
06
15
202
60
0
0
0
0
127
0
28
20
6
15
75
225
20
310
10
219
395
225
4146
20
10
219
-
0
0
0
-
Appendix 5 Checklist of butterflies recorded in the PCMC area

Sr. No.
Common Name
Scientific Name
Conservation status as per Wildlife

(Protection) Act 1972
Not enlisted
Blue Mormon
Papilio polymnestor
Blue tiger
Tirumala limniace
Not enlisted
Blue pansy
Junonia orithya
Common evening brown
Melanitis leda
Not enlisted
Not enlisted
Common grass yellow
Eurema hecabe
Not enlisted
Small grass yellow
Eurema brigitta
Not enlisted
Common Indian crow
Euploea core
Common leopard
Phalanta phalantha
Not enlisted
Common mormon
Papilio polytes
Not enlisted
Junonia atlites
Not enlisted
10 Gray pansy
116
Sch IV
11 Lime butterfly
Papilio demoleus
Not enlisted
12 Plain tiger
Danaus chrysippus
Not enlisted
13 Dark pierrot
Tarucus ananda
Not enlisted
14 Red pierrot
Talicada nyseus
15 Pointed line blue
Ionolyce helicon
16 Long-branded bushbrown Mycalesis visala
Not enlisted
Not enlisted
Not enlisted
Appendix 6 Availability of avifauna in PCMC areas during January

2013
Observation in areas
#
Common
name
Scientific
name
Barheaded
geese
Conservati
on status
as per
Wildlife
(Protectio
n) Act
1972
Talwa
de
Chikh
ali
Mos
hi
Alan
di
Wak
ad
Balewa
di
Anser
indicus
Sch IV
Black kite
Milvus
migrans
++
+++
++
Not
enlisted
*Black
winged
stilt
Himantopus
himantopus
+++
Sch IV
Blue rock
pigeon
Columba
livia
+++
++
++
++
Sch IV
Cattle
egret
Bubulcus
ibis
+++
+++
+++
Sch IV
Common
babbler
Turdoides
caudatus
++
++
Sch IV
Common
swallow
Hirunds
rustica
++
+++
++
++
++
Sch IV
Crow
pheasant
Centropus
sinensis
++
Sch IV
*Yellow
headed
wagtail
Motacilla
citreola
Sch IV
Ardea
cinerea
++
++
++
Sch IV
10 Grey heron
11
House
crow
Corvus
splendens
+++
++
++
++
Sch V
12
House
sparrow
Passer
domesticus
+++
++
++
++
Sch IV
Status
in
IUCN
Catego
ry
Least
concer
n
Not
enliste
d
Least
concer
n
Least
concer
n
Least
concer
n
Least
concer
n
Least
concer
n
Least
concer
n
Least
concer
n
Least
concer
n
Least
concer
n
Least
concer
n
117
13
House
swift
Apus
affinus
+++
++
14
Indian
baya
Ploceus
philippinus
++
15
Indian
black
drongo
Dicrurus
adsimilis
++
++
16
Indian
cuckoo
Cuculus
micropterus
17
Indian
myna
Acridothere
s tristis
+++
18
Indian
plover
Charadrius
dubius
19
Indian reef
heron
20
Indian
robin
21
Indian
roller
22
Jungle
crow
23
Little
cormorant
24
Sch IV
Sch IV
++
Sch IV
Sch IV
+++
++
++
Sch IV
++
Not
enlisted
Egretta
gularis
Sch IV
Saxicoloides
fulicata
++
+++
++
Sch IV
++
Sch IV
+++
++
++
Sch V
Phalacrocor
ax niger
+++
+++
++
Sch IV
Magpie
robin
Copsychus
saularis
++
++
Sch IV
25
Pond
heron
Ardeola
grayii
+++
+++
++
+++
Sch IV
26
Purple
sunbird
Nactarinia
asiatica
++
+++
++
Sch IV
27
Redvented
bulbul
Pycronotus
cafer
++
+++
++
Sch IV
28
Redwattle
d lapwing
Vanellus
indicus
++
++
++
Sch IV
29
Redwhiske
red bulbul
Pycnonotus
jocosus
++
++
++
++
Sch IV
30
Roseringed
parakeet
Psittacula
krameri
++
++
Sch IV
31
Small blue
kingfisher
Alcedo
atthis
Sch IV
118
Coracias
benghalensi
s
Corvus
macrorhync
hus
Least
concer
n
Least
concer
n
Least
concer
n
Least
concer
n
Least
concer
n
Not
enliste
d
Least
concer
n
Least
concer
n
Least
concer
n
Least
concer
n
Least
concer
n
Least
concer
n
Least
concer
n
Least
concer
n
Least
concer
n
Least
concer
n
Least
concer
n
Least
concer
n
Least
concer
n
3
2
3
3
Small
green bee
eater
White
breasted
kingfisher
Merops
orientalis
++
+++
++
Sch IV
Halcyon
smyrnensis
Sch IV
Least
concer
n
Least
concer
n
Note: +++: Found in flocks, ++: frequently found, +: rarely found, -: Absent, *: Migratory
Appendix 7 Phytoplankton genera observed in Indrayani and Mula

Rivers
Indication of Pollution
Sr. No.
Genera
Indrayani
Mula
NR
medium
medium
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
medium
NR
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
-
NR
medium
NR
NR
medium
medium
NR
NR
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
high
high
NR
NR
high
high
NR
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
NR
NR
+
+
Chlorophyceae
1
Ankistrodesmus sp.
2
Chaetophora sp.
3
Chlamydomonas sp.
4
Chlorella sp
5
Chlorococcum sp.
6
Cosmarium sp.
7
Eudorina sp.
8
Pediastrum sp.
9
Phacotus sp.
10
Scendesmus sp.
11
Ulothrix sp.
Bacillariophyceae
1
Cyclotella sp
2
Cymbella sp.
3
Diatoma sp.
4
Melosira sp.
5
Navicula sp.
6
Nitzschia sp.
7
Surirella sp.
8
Synedra sp.
Cyanophyceae
1
Aphanocapsa
2
Anabena
3
Chroococcus sp.
4
Merismopedia sp.
5
Microcystis sp.
6
Oscillatoria sp.
7
Phormidium sp.
Euglenophyceae
1
Lepocinclis sp.
2
Phacus sp.
high
119
Appendix 8 List of fishes recorded in Mula, Pawana and Indrayani

Rivers
No.
Fish recorded by various

authors
Osteoglossiformes
1
Acanthocobitis botia
2
Acanthocobitis moreh
3
Acanthocobitis sinatus
4
Amblypharyngodon mola
5
Aorichthys seenghala
6
Barilius bendelisis
7
Catla catla
8
Chanda nama
9
Channa marulius
10 Channa orientalis
11 Channa striatus
12 Chela cachius
13 Cirrhinus fulungee
14 Cirrhinus mrigala
15 Cirrhinus reba
Clarias gariepinus (Burchell,
16
1822)
17 Crossocheiluslatius latius
18 Cyprinidae danioniae
19 Cyprinus carpio
20 Danio aequipinnatus
21 Danio devario
22 Garra mullya
23 Glossogobius giuris
Glyptothorax
24
madraspatanum
Glyptothorax poonaensis
25
(Hora, 1938)
26 Gonoproktopterus curmuca
27 Gonoproktopterus kolus
28 Gonoproktopterus thomassi
Heteropneustes fossilis
29
(Bloch, 1794)
30 Labeo ariza
31 Labeo boggut
32 Labeo calbasu
33 Labeo porcellus
34 Labeo rohita
35 Lepidocephalus guntea
36 Mastacembelus armatus
37 Mystus bleekeri
38 Mystus cavasius
39 Mystus malabaricus
40 Mystus montanus
41 Mystus seengtee (Sykes,
120
Family
Authors
(1-4)
Balitoridae
Balitoridae
Balitoridae
Cyprinidae
Bagridae
Cyprinidae
Cyprinidae
Ambassida
Channidae
Channidae
Channidae
Balitoridae
Cyprinidae
Cyprinidae
Cyprinidae
Mula
1,2
2
1,2
1,2
2
2
1,2
1,2
1,2
2
1,2
Pawana
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
Indrayani
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
Claridae
Cyprinidae,
Cyprinidae
Cyprinidae
Cyprinidae
Cyprinidae
Cyprinidae,
Gobiidae
1,2
1,2
2
1,2
2
1,2
1,2
3
-
3
3
Sisoridae
1,2
Sisoridae
Cyprinidae
Cyprinidae
Cyprinidae
1,2
2
4
-
Heteropneustidae
Cyprinidae
Cyprinidae
Cyprinidae
Cyprinidae
Cyprinidae
Cobitidae,
Mastecembalidae
Bagridae
Bagridae
Bagridae
Bagridae
Bagridae
2
1,2
1,2
1,2
2
1,2
1,2
1,2
1,2
-
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
-
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
No.
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
Fish recorded by various

authors
1839)
Nangra itchkeea
Nemacheilus anguilla
(Annandale)
Nemachilichthys ruppelli
Neolissochilus hexagonolepis
Neotropius khavalchor
(Kulkarni, 1952)
Notopterus notopterus Pallas
Ompok bimaculatus (Bloch,
1794)
Oreochromis mossambicus
Oreonectes (Indoreonectes
evezardi)
Osteobrama cotio peninsularis
Osteobrama neilli
Osteobrama vigorsii
Osteochilichthys nashii
Parambassis ranga
Parapsilorhynchus
tentaculatus annandale
Poecilia reticulata
Proeupropiichthys taakree
Puntius amphibius
Puntius chola
Puntius conchonius
(Hamilton, 1822)
Puntius jerdoni
Puntius sarana subnasutus
Puntius sophore
Puntius ticto
Puntius vittatus
Rasbora daniconius
Rita gogra (Sykes, 1839)
Rita pavimentatus
Rohtee ogilbii (Sykes,1839)
Salmophasia balookee
(Sykes, 1839)
Salmostoma acinaces
Salmostoma boopis
Salmostoma novacula
Schistura denisoni
Sperata seenghala (Sykes,
1839)
Wallago attu (Bloch
&Schneider, 1801)
Xenentodon cancila
(Hamilton, 1822)
Family
Authors
(1-4)
Sisoridae
1,2
Balitoridae
1,2
Balitoridae
Cyprinidae
1,2
-
Schilbeidae
Notopteridae
Siluridae
1,2
Cichlidae
Balitoridae
Cyprinidae
Cyprinidae
Cyprinidae
Cyprinidae
Ambassidae
Parapsilorhynchidae
Poeciliidae
Schilbeidae
Cyprinidae
Cyprinidae
2
1,2
1,2
1,2
2
3
-
4
4
4
-
1,2
2
1,2
1,2
1,2
3
3
4
-
Cyprinidae
Cyprinidae
Cyprinidae
Cyprinidae
Cyprinidae
Cyprinidae
Cyprinidae
Bagridae
Bagridae
Cyprinidae
1,2
2
2
1,2
1,2
1,2
1,2
3
3
3
3
3
3
-
4
4
4
4
4
4
Cyprinidae
Cyprinidae
Cyprinidae
Cyprinidae
Balitoridae
1,2
1,2
2
3
3
3
Bagridae
Siluridae
1,2
Belonidae
* 1: Hora -Mishra (1942), 2: Wagh and Ghate (2002); 3: Chandanshive et al. (2007); 4: Dahanukar et al (2012)
121
Appendix 9 PCMC Recognising Citizens Efforts towards Environment

1) Mr. Vikas Patil, Environmental Specialist, member of Maharashtra State
Environment committee, Pune; CVTC Pune:
Since 1975 after voluntary retirement from Telco he is involved in various
activities for conservation and development of good environment in PCMC area.
2) Mr. Suhas Joshi, Wakad:
Woods society of 300 flats in Wakad area is treating their household solid waste in
their own premises. The compost is used for garden and hence the load and cost of
transportation and treatment of solid waste by PCMC is reduced.
3) Mr. Umesh Waghela (Ornithologist):
He is an architect by profession and he likes to study regarding birds and their
nests. On this topic he has given presentation at various places and has created
interest and awareness regarding birds among the society.
4) Mr. ManikDharmadhikari:
In near-by village and in PCMC area he has planted about 2500 trees and has been
active in promoting tree plantation and solid waste management.
5) Goel Ganga Group:
Ganga Skies, VallabhnagarPimpri, a building constructed by M/S.Goel Ganga
group has been rated 3-star by Griha-a group of building rating system developed
by MNRE and TERI, which will lead us to sustainable development of PCMC.
6) Mr. Somnath Marne:
Since 2007 to 2012, he has planned and implemented total 1237 rain water
harvesting projects in PCMC area.
7) Mr. Naveen Punawale:
He has developed a terrace garden on his own terrace and is using vermi-compost
developed by him from the kitchen waste.
8) Mr. VasudevShirsat:
He is a PCMC employee working at WTP sector no.23, Nigadi. Since last 12 years
he himself has developed saplings, planted and nourished about 350 fruit trees in
the water treatment plant premises.
9) Mr.DhananjayShedbale, Nigadi:
He works with Nisarg Mitra and Group. He has distributed 10000 plants in the
near-by area. He prefers using bicycle and public transport for travelling.
10) Mr. AbasahebJangale, Sangavi:
He has developed a terrace garden in his own house and uses the compost
developed from household kitchen waste. He has used broken plastic bottles and
scraps for plantation.
122

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Pimpli Chinchwad 2012-13

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Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal

Mrs. Mohini Lande

Environmental Status Report 2012-13

Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation

Leap towards sustainable city

Environmental Status Report 2012-13

The information mentioned in the present Environmental Status Report is based on

The present ESR 2012-13 is based on the information available on websites of

Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation

ABOUT THE CITY .......................................................................................................................... 1

SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT .............................................................................................................19

WATER ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................................................ 34

WATER RESOURCES ................................................................................................................................................. 34

WATER SUPPLY .......................................................................................................................................................... 41

AIR ENVIRONMENT ....................................................................................................................49

NOISE ENVIRONMENT ..............................................................................................................58

AIR QUALITY STANDARDS ...................................................................................................................................... 49

SOLID WASTE ................................................................................................................................ 61

SOCIO-ECONOMIC STRUCTURE ............................................................................................................................... 96

Environmental Status Report 2012-13

Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation

Environmental Status Report 2012-13

Plate 8.5 Application of PhytoRid system to clean Nallah water ...................................................99

Environmental Status Report 2012-13

ABOUT THE CITY

1.1 City Profile

530 m above mean sea level

No. of ward offices

Source: PCMC Website

Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation

Source: Department of Geography, University of Pune

Environmental Status Report 2012-13

1.3 City Connectivity

Plate 1.1 Ravet Bridge in PCMC area

1.4 Land Use

Proposed DP Post 1986

Source: Town Planning Department, PCMC

Environmental Status Report 2012-13

Land use pattern existing in 1986 (% to total area)

Figure 1.1 Land use pattern existing in 1986

Public and Semi Public

Open Spaces / Recreation

Sub-Total (Developed Area)

Figure 1.2 Land use pattern proposed post 1986 DP

Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation

Proposed Land Use Analysis

Developed Total area Area Developed Total area

Source: Town Planning Department, PCMC

Environmental Status Report 2012-13

Existing Land Use of

Proposed Land Use of Village

Total Developed Area

NDZ, Green Belt

Source: Town Planning Department, PCMC

Indicator, 'Protected areas as per cent of total areas'

Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation

Decadal Change Growth Rate (%)

Source: PCMC CDP- Vol. 1