BDA34003
ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS 4
Lecture Module 1: Introduction
Waluyo Adi Siswanto
waluyo@uthm.edu.my
Course Objective
The main objective of learning Engineering Math 4
is to provide students with the tools of
NUMERICAL METHODS.
METHODS
Engineering Math 4
Numerical Methods
(Numerical Analysis)
BDA34003 Engineering Mathematics 4
Waluyo Adi Siswanto (waluyo@uthm.edu.my)
Learning Outcomes
At the end of the course students
should be able to:
Apply the knowledge of differentiation and
integration and standard numerical analysis to
solve mathematical problems. (C3, PLO1)
Independently proceed to life long learning in
improving the knowledge. (A2, PLO6)
BDA34003 Engineering Mathematics 4
Waluyo Adi Siswanto (waluyo@uthm.edu.my)
What you can do
( problem illustrations )
You can analyze this problem, and many others
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
x
A
1 oC
B
1.174 oC
1.1271 oC 1.271 oC
E
1.174 oC
T
T
=0.5
2
t
x
1 oC
Analysis Results
BDA34003 Engineering Mathematics 4
Waluyo Adi Siswanto (waluyo@uthm.edu.my)
What you can do
( problem illustrations )
You can prepare programming codes
function[L,U,d,x]=doolittle(A,B)
[m n]=size(A);
if (m ~= n )
disp ( 'LR2 error: Matrix must be square' );
return;
end;
L=zeros(m,m);
U=zeros(m,m);
% LU Decomposition (DOOLITTLE METHOD)
for i=1:m
for k=1:i-1
L(i,k)=A(i,k);
for j=1:k-1
L(i,k)= L(i,k)-L(i,j)*U(j,k);
end
L(i,k) = L(i,k)/U(k,k);
end
for k=i:m
U(i,k) = A(i,k);
for j=1:i-1
U(i,k)= U(i,k)-L(i,j)*U(j,k);
end
end
end
for i=1:m
L(i,i)=1;
End
% Forward substitution 'Ld=b' to solve d
d=zeros(m,1);
d(1)=B(1)/L(1,1);
for i=2:m
d(i)=-L(i,1)*d(1);
for k=2:i-1
d(i)=d(i)-L(i,k)*d(k);
end;
d(i)=(B(i)+d(i))/L(i,i);
end;
% Bacward substitution 'Ux=d' to solve x
x=zeros(m,1);
x(m)=d(m)/U(m,m);
i=m-1;
q=0;
while (i~= 0)
x(i)=-U(i,m)*x(m);
q=i+1;
while (q~=m)
x(i)=x(i)-U(i,q)*x(q);
q=q+1;
end;
x(i)=(d(i)+x(i))/U(i,i);
i=i-1;
end;
BDA34003 Engineering Mathematics 4
Waluyo Adi Siswanto (waluyo@uthm.edu.my)
References
(1) D. V. Griffiths, I. M. Smith. 2006. Numerical methods for engineers, 2th
Edition. Boca Raton, FL: Chapman & Hall.
(2) J. N. Sharma. 2004. Numerical methods for engineers and scientists,
Pangbourne: Alpha Science International.
(3) Jaan Kiusalaas. 2005. Numerical methods in engineering with MATLAB,
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
(4) John H. Mathews, Kurtis D. Fink. 2004. Numerical methods using
MATLAB, 4th Edition. US Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.
(5) Laurene Fausett. 2002. Numerical methods using MathCAD, Upper
Saddle River, New Jersey.
(6) Steven C. Chapra, Raymond P. Canale. 2002. Numerical methods for
engineers: with software and programming applications, 4th Edition.
(7) Nafisah Md Kamaruddin, et. al. 2008. Numerical Method. Pusat
Pengajian Sains, UTHM.
(8) Tay Kim Gaik. 2005. How to use Calculator Casio fx-570MS in Numerical
Methods. Penerbit KuiTTHO.
(9) Tay Kim Gaik, Lim Kian Boon and Rosmila Abdul Kahar. 2011. Numerical
Methods using Casio fx-570ES Calculator. Penerbit KuiTTHO.
BDA34003 Engineering Mathematics 4
Waluyo Adi Siswanto (waluyo@uthm.edu.my)
Mathematical Tools
for Numerical Computations
Free Software / open source software:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
SMath, http://en.smath.info/forum/
FreeMat, http://freemat.sourceforge.net/
SciLab, http://www.scilab.org/
Octave, http://www.gnu.org/software/octave/
Euler, http://euler.sourceforge.net/
Calfem, http://sourceforge.net/projects/calfem/
Proprietary Software (license required):
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Mathcad, http://www.ptc.com/product/mathcad/
Matlab, http://www.mathworks.com/products/matlab/
Maple, http://www.maplesoft.com/products/Maple/
Mathematica, http://www.wolfram.com/mathematica/
BDA34003 Engineering Mathematics 4
Waluyo Adi Siswanto (waluyo@uthm.edu.my)
Subject Delivery
Lecturing
Explaining theories, methods and understanding related to the
topics.
Tutoring
Discussing sample problems related to the topics
BDA34003 Engineering Mathematics 4
Waluyo Adi Siswanto (waluyo@uthm.edu.my)
Assessment Scheme
Students attendance *
Quiz /Assignment
(10%)
Project
(10%)
Test
(T1: 15% T2: 15%)
Final Examination
(50%)
* Attendance must not less than 80%
BDA34003 Engineering Mathematics 4
Waluyo Adi Siswanto (waluyo@uthm.edu.my)
Part 1
1) Introduction to Numerical Analysis and
Error
2) Nonlinear Equations
3) Systems of Linear Equations
4) Interpolation
5) Numerical Differentiation
BDA34003 Engineering Mathematics 4
Waluyo Adi Siswanto (waluyo@uthm.edu.my)
10
Part 2
6)
Numerical Integration
7)
Eigen Values and Eigen Vectors
8)
Ordinary Differential Equations
9)
Partial Differential Equations
BDA34003 Engineering Mathematics 4
Waluyo Adi Siswanto (waluyo@uthm.edu.my)
11
Lecture Time Tables
Please refer to
your time tables
BDA34003 Engineering Mathematics 4
Waluyo Adi Siswanto (waluyo@uthm.edu.my)
12
INTRODUCTION
BDA34003 Engineering Mathematics 4
Waluyo Adi Siswanto (waluyo@uthm.edu.my)
13
Understanding Error
Round-off Error
Round-off errors arise when numbers having limited significant figures are used
to represent exact numbers.
There are two techniques : Chopping-off and Rounding-off (the most common!)
In general engineering applications Rounding technique is always used
BDA34003 Engineering Mathematics 4
Waluyo Adi Siswanto (waluyo@uthm.edu.my)
14
Understanding Error
Truncation Error
Truncation errors arise when approximations are used to represent exact numbers.
See the difference !
BDA34003 Engineering Mathematics 4
Waluyo Adi Siswanto (waluyo@uthm.edu.my)
15
Understanding Error
Error Analysis
Absolute error = Exact Approximation
Relative error =
Exact Approximation
Exact
In mechanical engineering, for example
Relative Error =
Measured resultSimulation result
Measured result
BDA34003 Engineering Mathematics 4
Waluyo Adi Siswanto (waluyo@uthm.edu.my)
16
Student Activity
BDA34003 Engineering Mathematics 4
Waluyo Adi Siswanto (waluyo@uthm.edu.my)
17
Problem 1-A1
Experiment
Simulation result
50kN
Sensor reading
200.59 MPa
numerical result
190.345678 MPa
50kN
a) Express the numerical result in 2 decimal places (why 2 ? discuss ?)
b) What is the relative error of the simulation result to the experimental result
BDA34003 Engineering Mathematics 4
Waluyo Adi Siswanto (waluyo@uthm.edu.my)
18
BDA34003 Engineering Mathematics 4
Waluyo Adi Siswanto (waluyo@uthm.edu.my)
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