PASCAL - BASIC SYNTAX
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You have seen a basic structure of pascal program, so it will be easy to understand other basic
building blocks of the pascal programming language.
Variables
A variable definition is put in a block beginning with a var keyword, followed by definitions of the
variables as follows:
var
A_Variable, B_Variable ... : Variable_Type;
Pascal variables are declared outside the code-body of the function which means they are not
declared within the begin and end pairs, but they are declared after the definition of the
procedure/function and before the begin keyword. For global variables, they are defined after the
program header.
Functions/Procedures
In Pascal, a procedure is set of instructions to be executed, with no return value and a function is
a procedure with a return value. The definition of function/procedures will be as follows
Function Func_Name(params...) : Return_Value;
Procedure Proc_Name(params...);
Comments
The multiline comments are enclosed within curly brackets and asterisks as {* ... *}. Pascal allows
single-line comment enclosed within curly brackets { ... }.
{* This is a multi-line comments
and it will span multiple lines. *}
{ This is a single line comment in pascal }
Case Sensitivity
Pascal is a case non-sensitive language, which means you can write your variables, functions and
procedure in either case. Like variables A_Variable, a_variable and A_VARIABLE have same
meaning in Pascal.
Pascal Statements
Pascal programs are made of statements. Each statement specifies a definite job of the program.
These jobs could be declaration, assignment, reading data, writing data, taking logical decisions,
transferring program flow control, etc.
For example
readln (a, b, c);
s := (a + b + c)/2.0;
area := sqrt(s * (s - a)*(s-b)*(s-c));
writeln(area);
Reserved Words in Pascal
The statements in Pascal are designed with some specific Pascal words, which are called the
reserved words. For example, the words, program, input, output, var, real, begin, readline,
writeline and end are all reserved words.
Following is a list of reserved words available in Pascal.
and
array
begin
case
const
div
do
downto
else
end
file
for
function
goto
if
in
label
mod
nil
not
of
or
packed
procedure
program
record
repeat
set
then
to
type
until
var
while
with
Character set and Identifiers in Pascal
The Pascal character set consists of
All upper case letters A Z
All lower case letters a z
All digits 0 9
Special symbols - + * / := , . ;. [] = {} ` white space
The entities in a Pascal program like variables and constants, types, functions, procedures and
records, etc., have a name or identifier. An identifier is a sequence of letters and digits, beginning
with a letter. Special symbols and blanks must not be used in an identifier.
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