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    Ee 307

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    Kester Teodoro
    This document contains lecture materials on transformers, including example problems related to transformer turns, core area, equivalent impedance, voltage regulation, losses, and efficiency. Key topics covered include transformer construction, voltage regulation calculations at different power factors, transformer equivalent circuits, efficiency calculations, and formulas for transformer parameters like EMF and impedance.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Ee 307

    Uploaded by

    Kester Teodoro
    214 views2 pages
    This document contains lecture materials on transformers, including example problems related to transformer turns, core area, equivalent impedance, voltage regulation, losses, and efficiency. Key topics covered include transformer construction, voltage regulation calculations at different power factors, transformer equivalent circuits, efficiency calculations, and formulas for transformer parameters like EMF and impedance.

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    eebasta

    Original Title

    EE 307

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    This document contains lecture materials on transformers, including example problems related to transformer turns, core area, equivalent impedance, voltage regulation, losses, and efficiency. Key topics covered include transformer construction, voltage regulation calculations at different power factors, transformer equivalent circuits, efficiency calculations, and formulas for transformer parameters like EMF and impedance.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    214 views2 pages

    Ee 307

    Uploaded by

    Kester Teodoro
    This document contains lecture materials on transformers, including example problems related to transformer turns, core area, equivalent impedance, voltage regulation, losses, and efficiency. Key topics covered include transformer construction, voltage regulation calculations at different power factors, transformer equivalent circuits, efficiency calculations, and formulas for transformer parameters like EMF and impedance.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 2

    EE 307: Energy Conversion

    Engr. John Michael Abrera

    c.) 0.866 LEADING


    d.) (Voltage Regulation Calculations): Determine
    the % IZ, % IR and % IX. Also, determine the
    general voltage regulation.

    QUIZ # 3, COVERAGE: TRANSFORMERS:


    Example Problems:
    1. The maximum flux density in a core of a 240 /
    4400 V, 50 Hz, single phase transformer is

    1.2Wb /m2 . If the EMF per turn is 8 V,


    Determine:
    a.) Primary and secondary turns
    b.) Area of the core
    2. The core of a 100 KVA, 11000/550V, 50 Hz,
    single phase transformer has a cross section of
    20 x 20 cm.
    Find:
    a.) Number of HV and LV turns per phase.
    b.) EMF per turn if the maximum core density is
    not to exceed 1.3 Tesla. Assume a stacking factor
    of 0.9
    TRANSFORMER
    EQUIVALENT
    REACTANCE AND IMPEDANCE:

    (Seatwork): 4. A 100 KVA, 2400 / 240 V, 60 Hz


    power transformer with the following:
    Rp = 0.42 ohms, Xp = 0.72 ohms, Rs = 0.0038
    ohms, Xs = 0.0068 ohms.
    Find:
    a.) Reqp, Xeqp and Zeqp
    b.) V drop due to Reqs and Xeqs
    c.) % VR UNITY pf
    d.) % VR 0.8 LAGGING pf
    e.) % VR 0.8 LEADING pf

    RESISTANCE,
    TRANSFORMER LOSSES:

    Example Problem:
    1. A 30 KVA, 2400 / 120 V distribution transformer
    has a high voltage winding resistance of 0.1 ohms
    and a leakage resistance of 0.22 ohms. The low
    voltage winding resistance Is 0.035 ohms and the
    leakage reactance is 0.012 ohms. Find the
    equivalent winding resistance, reactance and
    impedance referred to the
    a.) HV side and b.) LV side
    USING PHASOR DIAGRAMS
    REGULATION CALCULATIONS:

    3. Calculate the regulation of a transformer in


    which the percent resistance drop is 1.0% and the
    percent reactance drop is 5.0%, when the power
    factors are as follows:
    a.) 0.8 LAGGING
    b.) UNITY
    c.) 0.8 LEADING

    AND

    VOLTAGE

    Example Problems:
    1. A 25 KVA, 2300 / 230 V distribution transformer
    has the following resistance and leakage
    reactance values: Rp = 0.8 ohms, Xp = 3.2 ohms,
    Rs = 0.009 ohms, Xs = 0.03 ohms.
    Calculate the voltage regulation for the following
    loadings:
    a.) UNITY power factor
    b.) LAGGING power factor of 0.8
    c.) LEADING power factor of 0.866
    2. A 100 KVA, 2400 / 240 V distribution
    transformer with Esc = 72 V, isc = 41.6 A, Psc =
    1,180 W (all instruments in high tension side, low
    tension side short circuited).
    Find the regulation for the following power
    factors:
    a.) UNITY
    b.) 0.8 LAGGING

    Example Problem:
    For a 100 KVA distribution transformer with a
    copper loss of Psc = 1,180 watts, find the value of
    the copper loss for the following loading
    conditions:
    a.) 125 KVA, b.) 75 kVA, c.) 85 kW at 0.772 pf
    TRANSFORMER EFFICIENCY:
    Example Problems:
    1. Given a 100 KVA, 2400 / 240 V transformer
    with the following short circuit values:
    Esc = 72 V, isc = 41.6 A, Psc = 1,180 W,
    Eoc = 240 V, Poc = 820 W
    a.) Find the transformer efficiency at , . , 1,
    1 and 1 loading condition at 0.8 PF lagging.
    b.) Determine the KVA loading so that the
    transformer will be at maximum efficiency
    2. A 4 KVA, 220 / 400 V transformer has
    equivalent resistance and reactance referred to
    the low voltage side of 0.5 ohms and 1.5 ohms
    respectively.
    Find
    the
    efficiency
    of
    this
    transformer at load at power factor of 0.8. The
    core loss is 100 W.
    3. 600 KVA, efficiency at 92% at full load and 93%
    at half-load. Determine its core loss, copper loss

    USEFUL FORMULAS:

    m
    E=4.44
    N m fwhen
    and
    efficiency
    operated
    at 0.8 pf and 60%
    , = A
    of full load.

    E DAY EFFICIENCY:
    ALL
    (EMF per turn)
    N

    Example:
    2 KVA,
    2
    1.RGiven
    100
    Psc = 1180 W, Poc = 750 W.
    eqp=R p +a R s
    Loading conditions:
    1 hr, 150% 2rated
    KVA, pf = 0.8,
    X eqp =X
    p + a2 X
    2 hrs,
    125% rateds KVA, pf = 0.8,
    3 hrs, rated KVA, pf = 0.9,
    R P rated KVA, pf = 1.0
    6 hrs,
    Reqs=50%
    +Rs
    8 hrs, 25%
    a2 rated KVA, pf = 1.0
    4 hrs, no load.

    Xp

    X eqs =

    + Xs

    a ( turns ratio )=

    E1 N 1
    =
    E2 N 2

    X = Z 2R2
    Z = R 2+ X 2
    Power factor:

    =arc c os (PF)

    PHASOR DIAGRAMS:

    E = ( V cos +iR ) + ( V sin iX )


    E = ( V +iR ) + ( iX ) UNITY
    2

    Es = ( V s cos +iR ) + ( V s sin + iX )


    2

    - LAGGING
    LEADING

    REGULATION:

    %IZ =

    Esc
    Erated

    %IR=

    Psc
    V Arated

    ( )
    ( )

    %IX = %IZ 2%IR 2


    %VR=

    V NLV FL
    100
    V FL

    VR=%IRcos IXsin +

    ( %IXcos %IRsin )2
    200

    kV Amaxeff =KV Arated P c /P sc


    ALL-DAY EFFICIENCY:
    Loading (kW) = (KVA) (pf) (load)
    Pco (KW) = core loss / constant loss

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