Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 92 views

    BESSEL

    Uploaded by

    Linear
    The document discusses Legendre's equation and Bessel's equation, which are important differential equations that arise in applied mathematics, physics, and engineering. Legendre polynomials Pn(x) are defined as the solutions to Legendre's equation. Some key properties and formulas for generating Legendre polynomials are provided. Bessel's equation is also introduced, along with Bessel functions Jn(x) which are solutions to Bessel's equation when the order v is an integer n. Recurrence relationships and other properties of Bessel functions are listed.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    BESSEL

    Uploaded by

    Linear
    92 views5 pages
    The document discusses Legendre's equation and Bessel's equation, which are important differential equations that arise in applied mathematics, physics, and engineering. Legendre polynomials Pn(x) are defined as the solutions to Legendre's equation. Some key properties and formulas for generating Legendre polynomials are provided. Bessel's equation is also introduced, along with Bessel functions Jn(x) which are solutions to Bessel's equation when the order v is an integer n. Recurrence relationships and other properties of Bessel functions are listed.

    Original Title

    BESSEL.docx

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document discusses Legendre's equation and Bessel's equation, which are important differential equations that arise in applied mathematics, physics, and engineering. Legendre polynomials Pn(x) are defined as the solutions to Legendre's equation. Some key properties and formulas for generating Legendre polynomials are provided. Bessel's equation is also introduced, along with Bessel functions Jn(x) which are solutions to Bessel's equation when the order v is an integer n. Recurrence relationships and other properties of Bessel functions are listed.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    92 views5 pages

    BESSEL

    Uploaded by

    Linear
    The document discusses Legendre's equation and Bessel's equation, which are important differential equations that arise in applied mathematics, physics, and engineering. Legendre polynomials Pn(x) are defined as the solutions to Legendre's equation. Some key properties and formulas for generating Legendre polynomials are provided. Bessel's equation is also introduced, along with Bessel functions Jn(x) which are solutions to Bessel's equation when the order v is an integer n. Recurrence relationships and other properties of Bessel functions are listed.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 5

    CHAPTER II

    2.1 LEGENDRES EQUATION


    Legendres equation and Bessels equation are two special equations
    which occur frequently in applied mathematics, physics and
    engineering.
    Any equation of the form
    1 x 2 y"2 xy' n( n 1 ) y 0 .

    (2.1)

    In solving this equation, we consider only the case when the


    parameter n is a nonnegative integer. Observe that x = 0 is an
    ordinary point. Thus, a power series solution may be obtained similar
    to solving a second order differential equation with x = 0 as an
    ordinary point.
    Legendre Polynomials denoted by Pn(x) are the solutions to
    Legendres equation. The first few polynomials are the following.
    P0(x) = 1
    P1(x) = x
    2
    P2(x) = (3x 1)
    P3(x) = (5x3 3x)
    1
    1
    35 x 4 30 x 2 3
    63x 5 70 x 3 15 x
    P4(x) = 8
    P5(x) = 8
    y
    Po

    P1
    x
    -1

    1
    P2
    -1
    Graph of Legendre Polynomials

    Properties of Legendre Polynomials


    a) Pn(-x) = (-1)n Pn(x)
    b) Pn(1) = 1
    c) Pn(0) = 0, n = odd
    d) Pn(-1) = (-1)n
    e) Pn(0) = 0,
    n = even
    There are several formulas that will generate Legendre Polynomials.
    Among these are the following.
    1. Recurrence Formula
    k 1 Pk 1 x 2k 1 xPk x kPk 1 x 0
    This formula is valid for k=0,1,2,.
    2. Rodrigues' Formula is another fundamental identity involving
    Legendre polynomials.

    1 d n ( x 2 1 )n
    Pn ( x ) n
    2 n!
    dx n

    n = 0, 1, 2,

    2.2 BESSEL'S EQUATION


    2.2.1 GAMMA FUNCTION
    Extension of Factorials to any integer v can be done by the gamma
    function (v) defined by the integral

    (v) 0 e t t v t dt
    Properties of Gamma Function
    A)
    B)
    C)

    (v+1) = v (v)
    (1) = 1
    (n + 1) = n!

    D)

    (1/2) =

    Examples:
    1)
    Show that (v+1) = v (v). HW

    2)
    3)

    Show that (1) = 1. HW


    Evaluate the following.
    3.1) (6)
    3.2) (3/2)
    3.3) (4/3)

    2.2.2 BESSEL'S EQUATION


    x2y" + xy' + (x2 v2) y = 0.

    (1)

    Bessel's equation appears in cases of cylindrical symmetry in


    electrical fields, vibrations and heat conduction. This equation can be
    solved by the Frobenius method.
    Indicial Equation:

    (r + v)(r v) = 0

    Roots:

    r1 = v

    (>0)

    and

    r2 = -v

    Interval of Convergence: (0, )


    2.2.3 Solutions of Bessel's Equation.
    Bessel Function of the First Kind, Jn(x) for Integer v = n.
    J n (x) x n

    ( 1) m x 2m
    2m n

    m 0 2
    (2)
    where n is the order of the function.

    Example 4.

    m! (n m)!

    Obtain the Bessel functions of order 0 and 1.

    1 J0
    J1
    x

    Bessel functions of the first kind.


    For large x,
    2
    n

    cos x
    .
    x
    2
    4

    J n (x)

    Bessel Function Using Gamma Function


    J v (x) x v
    J -v (x) x

    m 0 2

    -v

    ( 1) m x 2m
    2m v

    m! (v m 1)!
    ( 1) m x 2m

    2 2mv m! (-v m 1)!

    m 0

    The series converges for all values of x.


    Linear Dependence of Bessel Functions Jn and J-n for v = n.
    J-n(x) = (-1)n Jn(x)

    n=1,2,3,

    2.2.4 Other Properties of Bessel Functions

    d v
    x J v (x) x v J v 1 (x)
    A) dx
    d -v
    x J v (x) x -v J v 1 (x)
    dx
    B)

    C)

    J v 1 (x) J v 1 (x)

    2v
    J v (x)
    x

    D) J v1 (x) J v1 (x) 2 J' v (x)

    Theorem: If v is not an integer, a general solution of Bessel's


    equation for all x 0 is
    y(x) = c1Jv(x) + c2J-v(x)
    EXAMPLE 5: Find the general solution of
    2
    x y +xy'+( {x} ^ {2} - {1} over {4} ) y=0 .

    Example 5:

    Evaluate the given integral using Table 6.1 p296 Zill.


    2

    I x 3 J 4 (x)dx.
    1

    You might also like