AnsPhysics Ex-42 Hooke's Law

PHYSICS 534
R
E
W
S
EXERCISE-42
N
A
Clinton Davisson was awarded

the Nobel prize for physics in
1937 for his work on the
diffraction of electrons.
Hookes Law (Springs)
DAVISSON
A spring is a device that stores potential energy. When a spring is stretched (or compressed), a force is applied
through a distance. Thus, work is done. The work done goes to the spring in the form of potential energy (E P).
The spring force is a restoring force which, in bringing the spring back to its rest point, does work.
Note that every spring has an elastic limit. If the spring is stretched within its elastic limit, it springs back to
its rest point. If a spring is stretched beyond its elastic limit, it becomes deformed. As illustrated below, the
distance a spring is stretched is called the elongation. Robert Hooke was the first to discover that the spring
force is directly proportional to the elongation. Today, we call this law Hookes Law.
Note that the spring force (FS) is

opposite the applied force (FA).
FS
Rest Point
Elastic limit
Elongation
FA
The formula for the spring is:

where
Deformed
FS = kx
(Hookes Law)
FS is the spring force, in newtons (N)

k is the spring constant, in N/m
x is the elongation, in metres
The spring constant is different for different springs and depends upon the type of material the spring is made of
as well as the thickness of the spring coil. The greater the value of the spring constant, the stiffer the spring.
The formula for the potential energy stored in a spring is:
EP = kx2
where
EP is the potential energy stored in the spring, in joules (J)

k is the spring constant, in N/m
x is the elongation, in metres
Remember that in an ideal spring, there is no loss of energy (EP) due to friction.
When the spring force (FS) is plotted versus the elongation (x) of the spring, the resulting
graph is a linear relation. The slope of the curve represents the spring constant while the
area under the curve represents the potential energy stored in the spring.
Force (N)
Spring
constant
EP
Elongation (m)
1.
What determines the spring constant (k) of a spring?

_____________________________________________________________________
The type of material the coil is made from and the thickness of the coil.
_____________________________________________________________________
PHYSICS 534 ENERGY AnsPhysics Ex-42.DOC
1999 S. Lancione
Page 1 /5
2.
A coiled spring is stretched 0.05 m by a weight of 0.50 N hung from one end.
a) How far will the spring stretch if a 1.0 N weight replaces the 0.50 N weight? [0.1 m]
___________________________________________________________________
First find the spring cons tan t : F kx k F / x 0.5 N / 0.05 m 10 N / m
S
___________________________________________________________________
Now find how far the spring will stretch :
FS
1.0 N
___________________________________________________________________
FS kx x
0.1 m
k
10
N
/
m
___________________________________________________________________
b) What weight will stretch the spring a distance of 0.03 m?
[0.3 N]
___________________________________________________________________
Note : The weight equals the spring force.
___________________________________________________________________
FS kx (10 N / m)(0.03 m) 0.3 N
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
3.
When the spring force is plotted versus the elongation of the spring:
a) How do you determine the spring constant (k) from the graph?
By finding the slope of the line plotted.
___________________________________________________________________
b) How do you determine the potential energy (EP) stored in a spring from the graph?
By finding the area (from the curve to the x-axis) of the line plotted.
___________________________________________________________________
4.
An ideal spring, whose spring constant is 14.0 N/m, is stretched 0.40 m when a mass of
0.560 kg is hung from it, how much potential energy (EP) is stored in this spring? [1.12 J]
_______________________________________________________________________
kx 2 (14 N / s)(0.40) 2
_______________________________________________________________________
EP
1.12 J
2
2
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
5.
The work done to compress a spring from 0 to 0.15 m is 8.0 J. How much work is required
to compress this spring from 0 to 0.30 m? [32 J]
_______________________________________________________________________
kx 2
Find the value of k : E P
k 2(E P ) / x 2 2(8.0 J) /( 0.15 m) 2 711 N / m
_______________________________________________________________________
2
_______________________________________________________________________
kx 2
Find the new E P : E P
(711 N / m)(0.30 m) 2 32 J
_______________________________________________________________________
2
PHYSICS 534 ENERGY AnsPhysics Ex-42.DOC Hookes Law
Page 2 /5
6.
The graph on the right represents the force-compression graph

of an ideal spring.
a) Determine the spring constant.
Force (N)
10
[100 N/m]
10 N
______________________________________________
Slope
100 N / m
0.1 m
______________________________________________
Therefore, the spring cons tan t (k ) is 100 N / m.
______________________________________________
5
Length (m)
0.05
0.1
b) Calculate the loss in kinetic energy of an object that

collides with this spring and compresses it a distance
of 0.60 m. [18 J]
_____________________________________________
Note : The loss in E K of the object gain in E P of the spring.
____________________________________________________________________
kx 2 (100 N / m)(0.60 m) 2
____________________________________________________________________
Thus : E P
18 J
2
2
____________________________________________________________________
7.
A spring is compressed 0.10 m when a force of 2.0 N is exerted upon it. What force must
be used to compress this spring 0.40 meters? [8.0 N]
_______________________________________________________________________
Find the spring cons tan t : FS kx k FS / x 2.0 N / 0.10 m 20 N / m

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
Now find the spring force required : FS kx (20 N / m)(0.40 m) 8 N
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
8.
5 m/s
A mass of 10 kg, having a velocity of 5 m/s,

slides into a spring as illustrated in the diagram
on the right. Assuming the system is frictionless,
which of the following statements is correct?
10 kg
I- At maximum compression, the EK of the mass is zero.

II- At maximum compression, the EP of the spring equals the EK of the mass.
III- After the interaction, the mass moves with a velocity of 5 m/s.
a) I
b) II
c) III
d) I and III
e) all are correct
Velocity = -5 m/s
Page 3 /5
9.
A 5 kg block is forced against a horizontal spring a distance of 10 cm. When released,

the block moves a horizontal distance of 2 cm then stops. If the spring constant of this
spring is 150 N/m, what is the coefficient of friction
between the block and the horizontal surface? [0.06]
5 kg
________________________________________
Note : The spring force is the frictional force (FS f ).
Find the spring force : FS kx (150 N / m)(0.02 m) 3 N
_______________________________________________________________________
S
p
r
i
n
g
c
o
n
s
t
a
n
t
_______________________________________________________________________
CAUTION: Do not confuse the spring constant with the coefficient of friction.
3N
f
_______________________________________________________________________
Find the coefficien t of friction : f kF
k
0.06
N
50 N
N
_______________________________________________________________________
C
o
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
o
f
f
r
i
c
t
i
o
n
10. Block-A is placed on a spring and compresses it a distance x. As illustrated below,

when Block-B is placed on the same spring, it is compressed a distance of 2x.
Rest Point
Block-A
Block-B
2x
What is the value of the following ratio?

Potential energy of spring with Block-B on top E P of B
Potential energy of spring with Block-A on top E P of A
11. A block of unknown mass moves at 2 m/s

towards a horizontal spring whose spring
constant is 1000 N/m.
If the spring is compressed a maximum
distance of 0.4 m, what is the mass of the block?
kx 2B
x 2 (2 x ) 2 4 x 2 4
22 2B
2
1
kx A x A
x2
x
______________________
2
2 m/s
[40 kg]
_______________________________________________________________________
Note : At max imum compression, E P Initial E K of mass.
_______________________________________________________________________
kx 2 mv 2
Thus
,
E
E
or
_______________________________________________________________________
P
K
2
2
2
_______________________________________________________________________
(1000 N / m)(0.4 m) 2
kx
Therefore : m 2
40 kg
v
( 2 m / s) 2
_______________________________________________________________________
Page 4 /5
12. The force-compression graph of a spring is

illustrated on the right.
HowNote
much: kinetic
energy
lost by
anslope
object
From the
givenisgraph
, the
that collidesofwith
this
spring
and
compresses
the line is the spring cons tan t.
it a distance of 0.8 m? [32 J]
100 N
Thus, k slope
100 N / m
_______________________________________
1.0 m
_______________________________________
Now find the E P of the spring which equals the E K lost by the object .
______________________________________________________________________
kx 2 (100 N / m)(0.8 m) 2
E
32 J
P
______________________________________________________________________
2
2
13. When a 24 kg mass is attached to the end of a spring hanging
vertically, the spring experiences an elongation of 5.0 cm.
How much potential energy is stored in the spring? [6 J]
__________________________________________________
Find the spring cons tan t :
FS kx k FS / x mg / x (24 kg)(10 m / s 2 ) / 0.05 m 4800 N / m
__________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Find the potential energy stored in the spring :
kx 2 (4800 N / m)(0.05 m) 2
______________________________________________________________________
EP
6J
______________________________________________________________________
14. A spring is fixed along an inclined plane whose angle of

incline is 30o as illustrated in the diagram on the right.
A 12 kg block is attached to the spring thereby stretching
it 15 cm. Find the spring constant of this spring. [400 N/m]
12
kg
Fs
30o
______________________________________________
Note : Re lative to the inclined plane,
o
mg Sin30
the spring force (FS ) equals the
______________________________________________________________________
horizontal component of the weight (mg Sin 30 o ).
______________________________________________________________________
FS mg Sin 30 o (12 kg)(10 m / s 2 )Sin 30 o 60 N
Now find the spring cons tan t :
______________________________________________________________________
-A
gB
ri n
Spr
ing
Sp
15. The graph on the left displays the force-compression curve

of four springs labeled Spring-A, Spring-B, Spring-C and
Spring D. Which spring is the springiest?
Force (N)
FS kx k FS / x 60 N / 0.15 m 400 N / m
g-C
rin
p
S
ng-D
Spri
Spring-D (Least slope)

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Compression (m)
Page 5 /5

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PHYSICS 534

Clinton Davisson was awarded

Hookes Law (Springs)

Note that the spring force (FS) is

The formula for the spring is:

FS is the spring force, in newtons (N)

EP is the potential energy stored in the spring, in joules (J)

What determines the spring constant (k) of a spring?

PHYSICS 534 ENERGY AnsPhysics Ex-42.DOC

b) What weight will stretch the spring a distance of 0.03 m?

PHYSICS 534 ENERGY AnsPhysics Ex-42.DOC Hookes Law

The graph on the right represents the force-compression graph

b) Calculate the loss in kinetic energy of an object that

Find the spring cons tan t : FS kx k FS / x 2.0 N / 0.10 m 20 N / m

A mass of 10 kg, having a velocity of 5 m/s,

I- At maximum compression, the EK of the mass is zero.

e) all are correct

A 5 kg block is forced against a horizontal spring a distance of 10 cm. When released,

10. Block-A is placed on a spring and compresses it a distance x. As illustrated below,

What is the value of the following ratio?

11. A block of unknown mass moves at 2 m/s

PHYSICS 534 ENERGY AnsPhysics Ex-42.DOC Hookes Law

12. The force-compression graph of a spring is

14. A spring is fixed along an inclined plane whose angle of

15. The graph on the left displays the force-compression curve

Spring-D (Least slope)

PHYSICS 534 ENERGY AnsPhysics Ex-42.DOC Hookes Law

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