Math Quest Prelims
Math Quest Prelims
Math Quest Prelims
LEVEL 6
VICTORIAN ESSENTIAL
LEARNING STANDARDS
MATHS
Quest 10
For Victoria
SECOND EDITION
Sonja Stambulic
Chris Evangelou
Lyn Elms
Contributing authors
Robert Cahn Caroline Denney Elena Iampolsky Don Morelli
David Phillips Umesh Pratap Bob Starink Jenny Watson
Support material
Brett Barber Stephen Broderick John Dowsey Dennis Fitzgerald
Stephen Heames David Tynan Jill Vincent Don Wagstaff Wayne Youngs
Contents
Introduction viii
Acknowledgements
xii
CHAPTER 1
Rational and irrational
numbers 1
2
Real numbers 3
Operations with fractions 3
Exercise 1A 6
Finite and recurring decimals 8
History of mathematics: Srinivasa Ramanujan
(18871920) 10
Exercise 1B 11
10 Quick Questions 1 12
Irrational numbers 12
Exercise 1C 14
Investigation The Golden Ratio 16
Investigation Where do I belong? 17
Investigation Plotting irrational numbers
on the number line 19
Simplifying surds 20
Exercise 1D 23
Investigation Braking distances 25
Career profile: Peter Richardson Analyst
Programmer 26
Addition and subtraction of surds 26
Exercise 1E 27
Code puzzle 29
Multiplication and division of surds 30
Exercise 1F 33
Investigation Recurring surds 35
10 Quick Questions 2 36
Writing surd fractions with a rational
denominator 36
Exercise 1G 38
Summary 40
Chapter review 41
CHAPTER 2
44
43
Expanding 51
Exercise 2C 52
10 Quick Questions 1 53
Career profile: Karin Xuereb Supervising
Meteorologist 54
Factorising using common factors 55
Exercise 2D 55
Adding and subtracting algebraic
fractions 57
Exercise 2E 59
Multiplying and dividing algebraic
fractions 60
Exercise 2F 62
Solving basic equations 63
Exercise 2G 66
10 Quick Questions 2 68
Investigation Musical notes 69
Solving more complex equations 70
Exercise 2H 73
Solving inequations 74
Exercise 2I 75
Investigation Dance fever 76
Code puzzle 77
Summary 78
Chapter review 79
CHAPTER 3
Linear graphs
81
82
iv
CHAPTER 4
Quadratic equations
111
112
CHAPTER 5
Quadratic graphs
153
154
CHAPTER 6
Variation
195
196
CHAPTER 7
Simultaneous equations
236
Introduction 237
Graphical solution of simultaneous
equations 237
235
v
Exercise 7A 242
Algebraic solutions of simultaneous
equations 244
Exercise 7B 246
10 Quick Questions 1 246
Algebraic solutions of simultaneous
equations the elimination method 247
Exercise 7C 250
Investigation How many cockatoos and
kangaroos? 251
Investigation Solving simultaneous linear
equations using a numerical
(bisection) approach 252
Investigation Simultaneous equations in
3 unknowns 255
Investigation Cramers rule for simultaneous
equations 255
Code puzzle 256
Problem solving using simultaneous
equations 257
Exercise 7D 259
Investigation Concert hall seating 261
10 Quick Questions 2 262
Solving a quadratic equation and a linear
equation simultaneously 263
Exercise 7E 266
Solving simultaneous inequations 267
Exercise 7F 269
Summary 274
Chapter review 275
CHAPTER 8
Exponential functions
277
278
CHAPTER 9
Measurement
315
316
Introduction 317
Exercise 9A 319
Perimeter 320
Exercise 9B 324
Area 327
Exercise 9C 331
10 Quick Questions 1 335
Investigation Teardrops 336
Total surface area 336
Exercise 9D 342
Volume 345
Investigation Maximising volume 347
Investigation Volume and capacity 350
Exercise 9E 351
Investigation Water tank worries 354
Career profile: Mike Matheson
Hydrologist 354
Code puzzle 356
10 Quick Questions 2 357
Time, speed, density and concentration 358
Exercise 9F 362
Investigation More units of
measurement 364
Summary 365
Chapter review 366
CHAPTER 10
Circle geometry
298
371
372
vi
Angles in a circle 383
Exercise 10B 385
Code puzzle 388
Investigation Quadrilaterals in circles 389
Cyclic quadrilaterals 389
Exercise 10C 390
Code puzzle 392
10 Quick Questions 1 393
Great circles 394
Investigation Greenwich Mean Time 395
Exercise 10D 398
Investigation SOS! 399
Investigation Eratosthenes calculates the
diameter of the Earth! 400
10 Quick Questions 2 401
Locus 402
Exercise 10E 405
Investigation Chords and triangles in
circles 405
Investigation Going loci 406
Summary 407
Chapter review 408
CHAPTER 11
Further geometry
413
414
Introduction 415
Review of 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional
drawing 415
Exercise 11A 420
Cross-sectional view of objects 422
Exercise 11B 423
Investigation Conic sections 424
Similarity 425
Exercise 11C 429
History of mathematics: Thales of Miletus
(c. 624 545 BC) 434
Investigation Midpoints and similar
triangles 434
Investigation Proving Pythagoras
theorem 435
Code puzzle 436
10 Quick Questions 1 437
Congruence 438
Exercise 11D 440
Investigation Geometry and pool 443
Nets, polyhedra construction and
Eulers rule 445
Investigation Faces, edges and vertices of
solid shapes 447
Exercise 11E 448
10 Quick Questions 2
451
CHAPTER 12
Trigonometry
473
474
Introduction 475
Angles and the calculator 475
Exercise 12A 479
Using trigonometric ratios to find side
lengths 480
Exercise 12B 483
Code puzzle 485
Using trigonometric ratios to find angles 486
Exercise 12C 489
Code puzzle 491
10 Quick Questions 1 492
Applications 493
Exercise 12D 496
Investigation Satellite height 499
Bearings 500
Exercise 12E 505
Investigation Which way do I go? 508
The unit circle quadrant 1 508
Exercise 12F 512
10 Quick Questions 2 513
Circular functions 514
Investigation The 4 quadrants of the unit
circle 515
Exercise 12G 519
Graphs of y = sin x and y = cos x 521
Exercise 12H 522
Summary 524
Chapter review 526
CHAPTER 13
Probability
529
530
vii
Two-way tables and tree diagrams 554
Exercise 13D 561
Independent and dependent events 564
Exercise 13E 566
Code puzzle 569
Karnaugh maps 570
Exercise 13F 575
Investigation Footy card collecting 578
Investigation Hit or sit? 578
10 Quick Questions 2 579
Subjective probability 580
Exercise 13G 580
Summary 582
Chapter review 583
CHAPTER 14
Statistics
587
588
697
Answers 705
Index 773
Introduction
The second edition of Maths Quest 10 for Victoria is one of the exciting
award-winning Maths Quest resources specifically designed for the Victorian
Essential Learning Standards (VELS).
This resource contains:
a student textbook with accompanying CD-ROM
a teacher edition with accompanying CD-ROM
a student homework book
a teacher support book.
Student textbook
The key features added in the second edition include:
an introductory set of questions at the start of each chapter to establish the
students current level of understanding. Each question is supported with a
SkillSHEET to explain the concept involved and provide extra practice if
needed.
a new chapter on problem-solving strategies to assist students skills in
working mathematically
eTHINKING multi-level interactive problem-solving games to encourage
deeper understanding of concepts and to challenge students mathematical
thinking and reasoning (see page xii for details)
updated and revised interactive technology files to foster Information and
Communications Technology (ICT) skills and aid conceptual learning
a glossary to enhance students mathematical literacy.
The second edition textbook continues to offer the following awardwinning features.
The use of full colour throughout produces clearer graphs and headings, provides bright, stimulating photographs and makes navigation through the text
easier.
Clear, concise theory sections contain worked examples, graphics calculator
tips (Texas Instruments in the text and Casio on the CD) and highlighted
important text and remember boxes.
Worked examples in a Think/Write format provide clear explanations of key
steps and suggestions for presentation of solutions.
Exercises contain many carefully graded skills and application problems,
including multiple choice questions. Cross-references to relevant worked
examples appear beside the first matching question throughout the
exercises.
Many exercises finish with Maths Quest challenge questions designed to
extend students. Code puzzles reinforce mathematical skills and History of
Mathematics sections highlight mathematical concepts in context.
Two sets of 10 Quick Questions in each chapter provide a cumulative review
of concepts covered.
Investigations focus on links to the interdisciplinary strands, providing
further opportunities for discovery learning.
ix
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Poly
Student CD-ROM
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Each chapter concludes with a summary and chapter review exercise helping
consolidate students learning of new concepts.
Technology is fully integrated (in line with VELS recommendations) and
features graphics calculators, computer algebra systems, spreadsheets,
dynamic geometry software and several graphing packages. Maths Quest
continues to promote these technologies as learning tools, providing demonstration versions of the programs (with the exception of Microsoft Excel) as
well as hundreds of supporting files on the bonus accompanying CD-ROM.
SkillS
CHAPTER
test
yourself
eTHINKING
angles
Macintosh OSX
Power Macintosh G3 running
OS 10.1.5, 10.2.6, 10.3
128 MB RAM
Programs included
Mathcad Client: a computer algebra system and graphing program
Graphmatica: an excellent graphing utility
GrafEq: graphs any relation, including complicated inequalities
Poly: for visualising 3D polyhedra and their nets
Tess: for producing tessellations and other symmetric planar illustrations
TI Connect and Casio software FA-123: calculator screen capture and
transfer programs
Cabri Geometry II PLUS: dynamic geometry program
Adobe Acrobat Reader v7
x
eTHINKING
G R E YG U M
S O F T W A R E
1
eTHINKING2
eTHINKING3
eTHINKING4
eTHINKING
5
eTHINKING6
eTHINKING7
eTHINKING8
eTHINKING9
eTHINKING
10
eTHINKING
Tower of Hanoi
Chapter 2 Algebra and
equations
Factorising
Chapter 4 Quadratic
equations
Quadratic graphs
Chapter 5 Quadratic
graphs
Simultaneous equations
Chapter 7 Simultaneous
equations
Knights tours
Chapter 9 Measurement
Packaging shapes
Chapter 11 Further
geometry
Programming
Strategies for problem
solving
xi
AC
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Troubleshooting
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Acknowledgements
The authors and publisher would like to thank the following copyright holders,
organisations and individuals for their assistance and for permission to
reproduce copyright material in this book.
Illustrative material
Authors Image, page 541 AAP Image, page 507/Yoshikazu Tsuno
APL, pages 234 (top)/Corbis Westlight, 667/J P & E S Baker Brand
X Pictures, pages 136 (centre), 500, 602 Colleen Foelz, pages 35, 395
Corbis Corporation, pages 136 (top), 182 (bottom)/Digital Stock, 223,
235, 261, 690, 693 Creatas Images, page 647 Digital Stock/Corbis
Corporation, pages 110 (top), 136 (bottom), 155 (left), 199, 203, 209
(bottom), 234 (bottom), 513, 586, 605 (bottom), 659, 696 Digital Vision,
pages 43, 260 (bottom), 350/Stephen Frink, 394 (2 images), 411, 412, 562,
587, 594 (bottom) EyeWire Images, pages 111, 148, 564 Fairfax
Photo Library, page 1/Mario Borg Getty Images, page 680/Stone/
Trujillo-Paumier Image Addict/imageaddict.com.au, pages 101 (bottom),
209 (top), 260 (top), 315, 354 (top), 363, 614 Image Disk Photography,
pages 197, 211, 358, 398 Image 100, pages 543, 546, 616 (bottom)
IT StockFree, page 194 (bottom) John Fairfax Publications P/L,
page 173 John Wiley & Sons Australia, pages 26/Jo Patterson, 151, 204/
Kari-Ann Tapp, 231, 273 (bottom)/Kari-Ann Tapp, 276 (top)/Kari-Ann
Tapp, 293/Jo Patterson, 354 (bottom)/Jo Patterson, 387 (golf ball)/Kari-Ann
Tapp, 554/Kari-Ann Tapp, 594 (top), 626 (top)/Coo-ee Picture Library, 668,
688/Sonja Stambulic Karin Xuereb, page 54 Microsoft Corporation,
page 253 (2 screenshots) Newspix, pages 190/George Salpigtidis, 273
(top)/Dean Marzolla, 413/Chris Crerar, 466/Chris Crerar PhotoAlto/
Patrick Shendell OCarroll, pages 359, 605 (top) PhotoDisc, Inc., pages
6, 7, 24, 41, 53, 81, 98, 99, 101 (top), 102 (top and bottom), 107, 110
(bottom), 117, 121, 135, 142, 153, 155 (right), 161 (left and right), 174, 182
(top), 186, 191, 194 (top), 195, 202, 205, 206, 207, 208, 212, 214, 216, 217,
218, 230, 233, 257, 258, 259 (top and bottom), 276 (bottom), 277, 302, 305,
310, 311, 323, 341, 371, 387 (clock), 399, 405, 406 (top and bottom), 417,
421, 431 (top and bottom), 450, 455, 493, 499, 501 (top and bottom), 506,
527, 529, 539, 540, 542, 547, 553, 555, 561, 566, 567 (top and bottom), 568,
579, 584, 600, 613, 616 (top), 617, 626 (bottom), 632, 658, 664, 666, 678
photolibrary.com, pages 10/Science Photo Library, 581/Sandra Whitelaw
Pixland, pages 473, 508 Stockbyte, page 319 Viewfinder
Australia Photo Library, page 251
xiii
Software
The authors and publisher would like to thank the following software providers for their assistance and for permission to use their materials. However,
the use of such material does not imply that the providers endorse this product
in any way.
Third party software registered full version ordering information
Full versions of third party software may be obtained by contacting the
companies listed below.
Texas Instruments TI Connect and TI-GRAPHLINK software
TI Connect and TI-GRAPHLINK software reproduced with permission of
the publisher Texas Instruments Incorporated.
TI Connect software available from Texas Instruments
Web: http://education.ti.com/us/product/software.html
Note: The TI Connectivity cable can be purchased from educational booksellers or calculator suppliers.
Screenshots reproduced with permission from Texas Instruments.
Casio FA-123
Software used with permission of Casio Computer Co. Ltd. 2001
All rights reserved.
Distributed by Shriro Australia Pty Ltd
2327 Chaplin Drive
Lane Cove
NSW 2066
Web: http://www.casioed.net.au and find the calculator product range
Screenshots reproduced with permission from Casio.
Mathcad Client
Included with permission of MathSoft Engineering & Education, Inc.
Web: http://www.mathsoft.com
Distributed in Australia by Hearne Scientific Software Pty Ltd
Level 6, 552 Lonsdale Street, Melbourne 3000
email: info@hearne.com.au
Web: http://www.hearne.com.au/
Phone: (03) 9602 5088
Mathcad is a registered trademark of Math Soft Engineering & Education,
Inc.
Graphmatica
Reproduced with permission of kSoft, Inc.
345 Montecillo Dr., Walnut Creek, CA 94595-2654.
email: ksoft@graphmatica.com
Web: http://www.graphmatica.com
xiv
Software included is for evaluation purposes only. The user is expected to
register share-ware if use exceeds 30 days. Order forms are available at
www.graphmatica.com/register. txt
Cabri Geometry II PLUS
Reproduced with permission of Cabrilog.
Cabrilog 6, Robert Schuman Place
38000 Grenoble FRANCE
Web: http://www.cabri.com
1. Due to copyright restrictions, the demo version of Cabri Geometry II
Plus must not be used in the classroom for presentation on a regular basis.
2. For site licences contact Cabrilog Grenoble-France at
sales@cabri.com or www.cabri.com
GrafEq, Poly and Tess
Evaluation copies of GrafEq, Poly and Tess have been included with
permission from Pedagoguery Software, Inc.
email: peda@peda.com
Web: http://www.peda.com
Microsoft Excel
Microsoft Excel is a registered trademark of the Microsoft Corporation in the
United States and/or other countries.
eThinking Software
Developed by cooperation between Greygum Software Pty Ltd and John
Wiley and Sons Australia Ltd.
345 Kelvin Grove Road
Kelvin Grove
Queensland 4059
Phone: (07) 3352 4940
Fax:
(07) 3352 4950
email: support@greygum.com.au
Every effort has been made to trace the ownership of copyright material.
Information that will enable the publisher to trace the copyright holders or to
rectify any error or omission in subsequent reprints will be welcome. In such
cases, please contact the Permission Section of John Wiley & Sons Australia,
who will arrange for the payment of the usual fee.