Runway Incursions Best PDF

Runway Incursions
Trevor Teegler
23 24th October 2013
Introduction
What defines runway incursions and the impact on aerodrome
operations?
When and where do runway incursions most commonly occur
What are some of the consequences
Why do we have to beware of such incursions
Reporting and capturing of data
Who is responsible for prevention or reduction of runway incursions?
Interventions recommended to prevent/reduce
Definition of a Runway incursion:

The ICAO PANS-ATM Doc 4444 defines a runway incursion as:
Any occurrence at an aerodrome involving the incorrect presence of an
aircraft, vehicle or person on the protected area of a surface designated
for the landing and take-off of aircraft
Lets attempt to understand the: - What?; Why?;Where?;

of runway incursions
What :
Are the possible magnitude and the potential consequences of
runway incursions
Effect do such incursions have on aviation safety and aerodrome
operations
Can we do to mitigate such runway incursions and to reduce fatality
numbers
Are the contributing factors to runway incursions.
Is our responsibility
RUNWAY INCURSION TAIPEI

SQ B744 & WORKING VEHICLES
83 FATALITIES
RUNWAY INCURSION TAIPEI

SQ B744 & WORKING VEHICLES
83 FATALITIES
Why:
Do we need to be aware of runway incursions?
Do we need to reduce the hazard, mitigate and manage risk of
runway incursions
Introduce safety programmes and incident data collection
Do we need to have a collaborative approach to runway
incursions and the safe operational environment
RUNWAY INCURSION PREVENTION AND RUNWAY SAFETY

ITS A SERIOUS BUSINESS
Where & How:

Do these runway incursions occur
Lack of being vigilant or not following the rules impacts safety
Are these accidents and incidents directly related to information
and/or communication failure
We can introduce interventions or improve communication that
would mitigate identified risk areas in and around the airfield
WORST RUNWAY INCURSION EVENT IN

HISTORY
TENERIFE NORTH 27TH MARCH 1977
KLM TOOK OFF IN FOG WITHOUT ATC

CLEARANCE WHILST Pan Am WAS STILL ON
THE RUNWAY
WORST RUNWAY INCURSION EVENT IN

HISTORY
TENERIFE NORTH 27TH MARCH 1977
Runway incursions occur everywhere
A Global and African Perspective

The recorded accidents and incidents around the world emanating
from runway incursions has led to the introduction of ICAO

recommendations. In Europe: - The European Action Plan for the
Prevention of Runway Incursions
Statistics for Europe show a minimum of two runway incursions per

day.
In Africa, the current lack of statistical data captured relating to
runway incursions, presents a somewhat distorted sense of a low
percentage of runway incursions/incidents.
A Global and African Perspective..contd

So, a quick overview of Africas aviation industry still highlights basic
safety and security concerns that exist at various aerodromes or
landing strips, highlighting potential dangers of runway incursions.
Africa has unique and added hazards or risks due to the location of
aerodromes or runway strips in rural areas.
A improved database of statistics related to runway incursions on the
African continent, will provide a better perspective as to the

magnitude and frequency of such occurrences
However, such incidents in rural areas may still not be captured!
What is the reality of runway incursions
Some reasons and results

of more Runway Incursions
and
!!!!Disaster !!!!!
RUNWAY INCURSION MILAN

SAS MD-80 & CITATION JET
118 FATALITIES
RUNWAY INCURSION MILAN

SAS MD-80 & CITATION JET
118 FATALITIES
RUNWAY INCURSION LEXINGTON

DL CRJ100 & SHORT RUNWAY
(Communication)
Some major reasons for Runway incursions

Communication breakdown
Non-standard phraseology
ATC failure in confirmation of read-back to instruction
Blocked and partially blocked radio transmission
Loss of situational awareness
Airside construction
Construction accidents
Construction accidents
Some major reasons for Runway incursions
Inadequate signage or markings

Complicated airport design
Last minute changes to ATC instructions in taxi or departure
Distraction; workload; experience; training; lack of clear line of
sight; weather conditions; lack of knowledge of the aerodrome;
aerodrome reference maps
Aircraft and vehicles on airside
RUNWAY INCURSION TAINAN GE A321

& VEHICLE ON RUNWAY NIL FATALITIES
RUNWAY INCURSION TAINAN GE A321

& VEHICLE ON RUNWAY NIL FATALITIES
Weather
Aerodromes or Landing strips does it matter???

It is obvious that runway incursions can cause major aviation
disasters at aerodromes and landing strips which can/could have
been prevented.
With these accident findings and data collection, there has been
a recognition and recommendation for:
Improved safer operations of aircraft; air traffic control;
vehicle movement and aerodrome management
Reduce the risk to aerodrome and landing strip operations
Successful collaboration of controllers; pilots; drivers and
aerodrome management
To assist states with the implementation of the ICAO safety
management system (SMS) provisions
Runway incursions can occur everywhere
Runway incursion Africa !!!
So what is the purpose for preventing/reducing Runway

Incursions
Improves aviation safety at aerodromes and landing strips
Reduces the possibility of disasters related to runway incursions
Eliminate the possibility of human fatalities
Increase safety awareness amongst all users

Identify potential high risk areas at an aerodrome
Become pro-active in improving communication

Collaborative discussion forums for suggested improvements
So what can/do we do?????

ICAO has produced: - Manual for preventing runway
incursions
This is designed to provide a global guidance for the

implementation of national or local runway safety programs
aimed at removing hazards and residual risks of runway
incursions, reduce active failures and the severity of their
consequences.
ICAO Doc 9870

MANUAL ON THE PREVENTION OF RUNWAY
INCURSIONS
CHAPTER 3
Establishing a Runway Incursion Prevention Programme
3.1
RUNWAY SAFETY TEAMS
3.1.1
A runway incursion prevention programme should start with the

establishment of runway safety teams at individual aerodromes.
3.1.2
The team should comprise representatives from aerodrome

operations, air traffic service providers, airlines or aircraft
operators, pilot associations and any other groups with a direct
involvement in runway operations.
Some interventions to be considered for implementation

Local Runway Safety Teams
Existing at ACSA airports are: FAOR; FACT; FALE; FAPE; FAGG; FABN
Hot-spot aerodrome charts

Continuous training and refresher training
Enhanced and additional signage
Safety campaigns
Introduction of new technologies

Data collection, analysis and dissemination
Examples of upright signage and surface painted markings
Upright signage and surface painted markings
Some interventions being rolled out

Many aerodromes have hazardous locations on taxiways and/or
runways where incidents have occurred. Such positions are
commonly referred to as "hot spots".
Definition of Hot Spots
A location on an aerodrome movement area with a history or

potential risk of collision or runway incursion, and where
heightened attention by pilots/drivers is necessary
(ICAO Doc 9870, Manual on the Prevention of Runway Incursions).
Typical examples of a Hot Spot AIP chart
Runway Hot Spots
Formal identification of hotspots can alert pilots and drivers to

movement area design issues which cannot be readily mitigated
by signage or lighting or where poor visibility may contribute to
reduced Situational Awareness in relation to active runways.
It can also alert to potentially critical points where the visual
control room (VCR) or other surveillance systems are less
effective than on a particular aerodrome generally.
ICAO recommends the local generation of AIP charts to show
runway hotspots, which, once issued, must be kept up to date
and revised as necessary.
Different examples of a Hot Spot chart - AIP
Runway Hot Spots + Enhanced signage
The enhancement or additional signage strategically located

around the aerodrome or landing strip improves situational
awareness around hotspots
This includes:
painted runway surface markings
Upright mounted signage
Runway FOD radar control
Conclusion and the Way Forward in reduction of runway

incursions
Conclusion and the way forward
Runway incursions are not limited to bigger or busier

aerodromes
Catastrophic results with high fatalities are possible

All aerodrome airside users should be aware of their respective
responsibilities and accountabilities
Deviation to normal or standard operations must be properly
communicated
Increased adequate signage
Runway incursions is a serious business
PEOPLE DO DIE!!
Lets be pro-active and do something!!!!
Thank You
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Runway Incursions

23 24th October 2013

Definition of a Runway incursion:

Lets attempt to understand the: - What?; Why?;Where?;

RUNWAY INCURSION TAIPEI

RUNWAY INCURSION TAIPEI

RUNWAY INCURSION PREVENTION AND RUNWAY SAFETY

Where & How:

WORST RUNWAY INCURSION EVENT IN

KLM TOOK OFF IN FOG WITHOUT ATC

WORST RUNWAY INCURSION EVENT IN

Runway incursions occur everywhere

A Global and African Perspective

from runway incursions has led to the introduction of ICAO

Statistics for Europe show a minimum of two runway incursions per

A Global and African Perspective..contd

African continent, will provide a better perspective as to the

What is the reality of runway incursions

Some reasons and results

RUNWAY INCURSION MILAN

RUNWAY INCURSION MILAN

RUNWAY INCURSION LEXINGTON

Some major reasons for Runway incursions

Some major reasons for Runway incursions

Inadequate signage or markings

Aircraft and vehicles on airside

RUNWAY INCURSION TAINAN GE A321

RUNWAY INCURSION TAINAN GE A321

Aerodromes or Landing strips does it matter???

Runway incursions can occur everywhere

Runway incursion Africa !!!

So what is the purpose for preventing/reducing Runway

Increase safety awareness amongst all users

Become pro-active in improving communication

So what can/do we do?????

This is designed to provide a global guidance for the

ICAO Doc 9870

RUNWAY SAFETY TEAMS

A runway incursion prevention programme should start with the

The team should comprise representatives from aerodrome

Some interventions to be considered for implementation

Hot-spot aerodrome charts

Introduction of new technologies

Examples of upright signage and surface painted markings

Upright signage and surface painted markings

Some interventions being rolled out

A location on an aerodrome movement area with a history or

Typical examples of a Hot Spot AIP chart

Runway Hot Spots

Formal identification of hotspots can alert pilots and drivers to

Different examples of a Hot Spot chart - AIP

Runway Hot Spots + Enhanced signage

The enhancement or additional signage strategically located

Conclusion and the Way Forward in reduction of runway

Conclusion and the way forward

Runway incursions are not limited to bigger or busier

Catastrophic results with high fatalities are possible

Runway incursions is a serious business

Lets be pro-active and do something!!!!