Datasheet LD7523 PDF

LD7523
6/16/2009
Smart Green-Mode PWM Controller with Multiple Protections
REV: 00
General Description
Features
The LD7523 is a low startup current, current mode PWM
controller with green-mode power-saving operation. The

z
SOP-8/DIP-8 package integrated functions such as the
leading- edge blanking of the current sensing, internal
slope compensation, line compensation, and several
protection features. The protection functions include
cycle-by-cycle current limit, OVP, OLP, and brownout
protection. It provides the users a high efficiency, low
external component counts solution for AC/DC power
applications.
z
z
Furthermore, to satisfy various protection requirements,

both
latch-mode
protection
and
auto-recoverable
protection can be easily achieved by configuring LD7523

on different operation modes.
Applications
z
Switching AC/DC Adaptor and Battery Charger
offer
Open Frame Switching Power Supply
LD7523
is
LCD Monitor/TV Power
The special green-mode control is not only to achieve the

low
power
consumption
non-audible-noise
operation
High-Voltage CMOS Process with Excellent ESD

protection
Very Low Startup Current (< 35A)
Current Mode Control
Non-audible-noise Green Mode Control
UVLO (Under Voltage Lockout)
LEB (Leading-Edge Blanking) on CS Pin
Internal Slope Compensation
Programmable Line Compensation
OVP (Over Voltage Protection)
OLP (Over Load Protection)
Brownout Protection
Built in OLP De-Latch Timer
500mA Driving Capability
but
also
when
the
to
operating under light load or no load condition.
Typical Application
AC
input
EMI
Filter
VCC
OVP
OUT
LD7523
CS
BNO
GND COMP
photocoupler
TL431
1
Leadtrend Technology Corporation
LD7523-DS-00
June 2009
www.leadtrend.com.tw
LD7523
Pin Configuration
OVP
VCC
OUT
GND
SOP-8 & DIP-8(TOP VIEW)
YY : Year code (D: 2004, E: 2005..)

WW : Week code
##
: Production code
TOP MARK
BNO
CS
COMP
NC
YYWWPP
Ordering Information
Part number
Package
TOP MARK
Shipping
LD7523 GS
SOP-8
Green Package
LD7523GS
2500 /tape & reel
LD7523 GN
DIP-8
Green Package
LD7523GN
3600/tube /carton
The LD7523 is ROHS Complaint/ Green Package.
Pin Descriptions
PIN
NAME
FUNCTION
Brownout Protection Pin. Connect a resistor divider between this pin and bulk
BNO
capacitor voltage to set the brownout level and line compensation. When the
voltage of this pin fall below threshold voltage, the PWM output will be shut off.
Voltage feedback pin (same as the COMP pin in UC384X). Connect it with a
COMP
NC
NC
CS
Current sense pin, connect to sense the MOSFET current
GND
Ground
OUT
Gate drive output to drive the external MOSFET
VCC
Supply voltage pin
photo-coupler to close the control loop and achieve the regulation.
This pin is active-high to provide the OVP function. Connecting a zener or a

8
OVP
resistor voltage divider to Vcc will set the OVP level.
above 2.5V, the OVP will be tripped and the gate drive off. Short this pin to
ground to disable the OVP function.
2
LD7523-DS-00
June 2009
Once the voltage rise
LD7523
Block Diagram
VCC
Gain
= 0.04
BNO
1.25V
/1.10V
Line
Compensation
12.75V
/9.75V
internal bias
& Vref
UVLO
Comparator
Brownout
Comparator
OVP
1 = OVP
2.5V
OVP
Comparator
= ACUV
= OLP
De-Latch
Counter
OLP
Comparator
Auto
65KHz
OSC
Recoverable Protections
PG
Driver
Stage
PG
Green- Mode
Control
S
PWM
Comparator
COMP
2R
R
+
Slope
Compensation
Line
Compensation
Leading
Edge
Blanking
0.85V
OCP
Comparator
GND
3
LD7523-DS-00
June 2009
OLP
Delay
5.0V
CS
PG
VCC OK
PG
Vbias
Vref OK
OUT
LD7523
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Supply Voltage VCC
-0.3V~30V
COMP, BNO, CS
-0.3V ~7V
OUT
-0.3V ~Vcc+0.3V
Maximum Junction Temperature
150C
Operating Ambient Temperature Range
-40C to 85C
Operating Junction Temperature Range
-40C to 125C
Storage Temperature Range
-65C to 150C
Package Thermal Resistance (SOP-8)
160C/W
Package Thermal Resistance (DIP-8)
100C/W
Power Dissipation (SOP-8, at Ambient Temperature = 85C)
400mW
Power Dissipation (DIP-8, at Ambient Temperature = 85C)
650mW
Lead temperature (Soldering, 10sec)
260C
ESD Voltage Protection, Human Body Model
2.5KV
ESD Voltage Protection, Machine Model
250V
Gate Output Current
500mA
Caution:
Stresses beyond the ratings specified in Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress only
rating and operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational sections of this specification
is not implied.
4
LD7523-DS-00
June 2009
LD7523
Electrical Characteristics
(TA = +25oC unless otherwise stated, VCC=12.0V)
PARAMETER
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
20
35
Supply Voltage (VCC Pin)

Startup Current
Operating Current
(with 1nF load on OUT pin)
VCOMP=0V
3.5
mA
VCOMP=3V
2.7
mA
Protection Mode (note 1)
0.70
mA
UVLO (off)
9.0
9.75
10.7
UVLO (on)
12.0
12.75
13.5
2.5
4.0
mA
Voltage Feedback (Comp Pin)

Short Circuit Current
VCOMP=0V
Green Mode Threshold VCOMP
2.35
Current Sensing (CS Pin)
Maximum Input Voltage, VCS(OFF)
VBNO=0V (note 2)
0.80
0.85
0.90
VBNO=1.30V
0.748
0.798
0.848
VBNO=3.75V
0.650
0.700
0.750
Leading Edge Blanking Time
350
Input impedance
Delay to Output
nS
NA
200
M
nS
Gate Drive Output (OUT Pin)

Output Low Level
VCC=15V, Io=20mA
1.0
Output High Level
VCC=15V, Io=20mA
Rising Time
VCC=15V,Load Cap.=1000pF
50
160
nS
Falling Time
VCC=15V ,Load Cap.=1000pF
30
60
nS
65
70
KHz
9.0
V
V
Oscillator
Frequency
60
Green Mode Frequency
20
KHz
Frequency Temp. Stability
(-40C 85C)
Frequency Voltage Stability
(VCC=12V-30V)
5
LD7523-DS-00
June 2009
LD7523
Electrical Characteristics (Continued)
(TA = +25oC unless otherwise stated, VCC=12.0V)
PARAMETER
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
Brownout Turn-On Trip Level
1.20
1.25
1.30
Brownout Turn-Off Trip Level
1.05
1.10
1.15
Brownout Protection & Line Compensation (BNO Pin)
Saturation Voltage on LINE Pin
IBNO<1.5uA
Line Compensation Ratio
5.0
0.04
V/V
Over Voltage Protection (OVP Pin)

OVP Trip Level
2.35
OVP de-bounce time

Saturation Voltage on OVP Pin
IOVP<1.5uA
2.50
2.65
200
5.0
OLP (Over Load Protection)

OLP Trip Level
VCOMP(OLP)
OLP Delay Time
VCOMP>5.0V
4.5
OLP De-Latch Counter
5.0
5.5
60
mS
500
mS
Soft Start
Soft Start Duration
Note 1: When OVP, OLP Protection is tripped.

Note 2: Guaranteed by design because Vcs(off) cant be measured when VBNO=0V.
6
LD7523-DS-00
June 2009
7.5
10
mS
LD7523
Typical Performance Characteristics
12.0
15.0
11.2
UVLO (off) (V)
UVLO (on) (V)
14.0
13.0
12.0
11.0
10.4
9.6
8.8
10.0
-40
40
80
8.0
120
-40
Temperature (C)
Fig. 2
70
120
UVLO (off) vs. Temperature
Green Mode Frequency (KHz)
26
67
Frequency (KHz)
80
Temperature (C)
Fig. 1 UVLO (on) vs. Temperature
64
61
58
55
-40
40
80
24
22
20
18
16
-40
120
Fig. 3 Frequency vs. Temperature
80
120
Fig. 4
Temperature (C)
Green Mode Frequency vs. Temperature
12
14
25
Green Mode Frequency (KHz)
70
68
66
64
62
60
40
Temperature (C)
Frequency (KHz)
40
12
14
16
18
20
22
23
21
19
17
15
24
VCC (V)
Fig. 6
Fig. 5 Frequency vs. VCC
7
LD7523-DS-00
June 2009
16
18
20
22
VCC (V)
Green Mode Frequency vs. VCC
24
LD7523
85
0.90
0.85
80
75
VCS (off) (V)
Max Duty Cycle (%)
VLINE= 0V
0.80
70
VLINE=1.25V
0.75
0.70
VLINE=3.75V
65
0.65
0.60
60
-40
40
80
120
-40
40
Temperature (C)
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Max Duty Cycle vs. Temperature
Vcs (off) vs. Temperature
2.55
30
OVP (V)
Startup Current (A)
120
2.60
40
20
2.50
2.45
10
0
-40
40
80
2.40
-40
120
40
80
120
Temperature (C)
Temperature (C)
Fig. 10
Fig. 9 Startup Current vs. Temperature
OVP-Trip Level vs. Temperature
5.5
6.0
5.3
5.8
5.1
5.6
OLP (V)
VCOMP (V)
80
Temperature (C)
5.4
4.9
4.7
5.2
4.5
5.0
-40
40
80
120
-40
Fig. 12
8
LD7523-DS-00
June 2009
40
80
Temperature (C)
Temperature (C)
Fig. 11 VCOMP open-loop voltage vs. Temperature
OLP-Trip Level vs. Temperature
120
10
10
I OVP (A)
ILINE (A)
LD7523
4
125C
125C
25C
25C
0
-40C
-40C
-2
-2
0
VLINE
1.26
1.125
1.25
1.24
1.100
1.075
40
80
1.050
-40
120
40
80
Temperature (C)
Temperature (C)
Fig. 15 BNO Pin On Level vs. Temperature
Fig. 16 BNO Pin Off Level vs. Temperature
9
LD7523-DS-00
Fig. 14 VOVP vs. IOVP

1.150
BNO Pin Off (V)
BNO Pin On (V)
Fig. 13 VLINE vs. ILINE

1.27
1.23
-40
VOVP
June 2009
120
LD7523
Application Information
Operation Overview
Startup Current and Startup Circuit
As long as the green power requirement becomes a trend
The typical startup circuit for the LD7523 is shown in Fig.
and the power saving is getting more and more important
20. During the startup transient, the Vcc is lower than
for the switching power supplies and switching adapters,
UVLO threshold and thus there is no gate pulse produced
traditional PWM controllers are not able to support such
from the LD7523 to drive power MOSFET. Therefore, the
new requirements. Furthermore, the cost and size
current through R1 will provide the startup current and to
limitation forces the PWM controllers to powerfully
charge the capacitor C1. Once upon the Vcc voltage is
integrate more functions for reducing the external part
high enough to turn on the LD7523 and further to deliver
counts.
The LD7523 is targeted on such applications
the gate drive signal, the supply current is provided from
and provides an easy and cost effective solution; its
the auxiliary winding of the transformer. Lower startup
detailed features are described as below.
current requirement for the PWM controller will help to

increase the maximum value on R1 and then reduce the
power consumption on R1. By using CMOS process and
Under Voltage Lockout (UVLO)
the special circuit design, the maximum startup current of
An UVLO comparator is implemented in it to detect the
LD7523 is only 35A.
voltage on the VCC pin, for assuring the supply voltage
If a higher resistance value of the R1 is chosen, it usually
high enough to turn on the LD7523 PWM controller and to
takes more time to start up. To carefully select the value of
drive the power MOSFET.
R1 and C1 will optimize the power consumption and
As shown in Fig. 19, a
startup time.
hysteresis is built in to prevent the shutdown due to the

voltage dip during startup.
The turn-on and turn-off
threshold
at
levels
are
set
12.75V
and
9.75V,
respectively.
AC
input
EMI
Filter
Vcc
R1
Cbulk
D1
UVLO(on)
UVLO(off)
C1
VCC
t
I(Vcc)
OUT
LD7523
operating current
(~ mA)
CS
GND
startup current
(~uA)
Fig. 20
Fig. 19
Output Stage and Maximum Duty-Cycle

An output stage of a CMOS buffer, with typical 500mA
driving capability, is incorporated to drive a power
10
LD7523-DS-00
June 2009
LD7523
And the maximum duty-cycle of
the LD7523, the internal slope compensation circuit has
LD7523 is limited to 75% to avoid the transformer
been internally implemented to simplify the external circuit
saturation.
design.
MOSFET directly.
Oscillator and Switching Frequency
Current Sensing, Leading-Edge Blanking
The switching frequency of LD7523 is fixed as 65KHz

internally
to
provide
the
optimized
operations
The typical current mode PWM controller feedbacks both
by
considering the EMI performance, thermal treatment,
current signal and voltage signal to close the control loop
component sizes and transformer design.
and achieve regulation. The LD7523 detects the primary

MOSFET current from the CS pin, which is not only for the
Voltage Feedback Loop
peak current mode control but also for the pulse-by-pulse
The voltage feedback signal is provided from the TL431 in
current limit. The maximum voltage threshold of the
the secondary side through the photo-coupler to the
current sensing pin is set as 0.85V. Thus the MOSFET
COMP pin of LD7523. The input stage of LD7523, like
peak current can be calculated as:
the UC384X, has 2 diodes voltage offset before feeding
IPEAK(MAX) =
(0.85 VLINE _ COMPENSATION )

RS
into the voltage divider with 1/3 ratio, that is,

1
V+ (PWM COMPARATOR ) = ( VCOMP 2VF )
3
A 350nS leading-edge blanking (LEB) time is included in
A pulling-high resistor is embedded internally to eliminate
the input of CS pin to prevent the false-trigger from the
the requirement of another resistor in the external circuit.
current spike. However, the total pulse width of the

turn-on spike is decided by the output power, circuit
Dual-Oscillator Green-Mode Operation
design and PCB layout. It is strongly recommended to
There are many different topologies implemented in
adopt a smaller R-C filter (as shown in figure 21) to avoid
different chips for the green-mode or power saving
the CS pin being damaged by the negative turn-on spike.
requirements,
such
as
burst-mode
control,
skipping-cycle mode, variable off-time control etc.

The basic operation theory of all these approaches
intends to reduce the switching cycles under light-load or
no-load condition either by skipping some switching
pulses or reduce the switching frequency.
By using this dual-oscillator control, the green-mode
frequency can be well controlled and further to avoid the
generation of audible noise.
Internal Slope Compensation

A fundamental issue of current mode control is the
stability problem when its duty-cycle is over 50%. To
stabilize the control loop, slope compensation is required
in the traditional UC384X design by injecting the ramp
signal from the RT/CT pin through a coupling capacitor. In
Fig. 21
11
LD7523-DS-00
June 2009
LD7523
Line Voltage
Brownout Protection & Line Compensation

The LD7523 employs BNO pin to set the brownout
t
protection point and the line voltage OVP point though

BNO pin.
VBNO
The voltage across the BNO pin is proportional to the bulk

capacitor voltage, referred as the line voltage.
1.25V
brownout comparator is implemented to detect the
1.10V
AC OK area
abnormal line condition. As soon as the condition is
detected, it will shut down the controller to prevent the

Vcc
damage. Figure 22 shows the operation. When VBNO

falls below 1.25V, the gate output will be kept off even Vcc
UVLO(on)
has already achieved UVLO(ON). It therefore makes Vcc
UVLO(off)
hiccup between UVLO(ON) and UVLO(OFF). Unless the
line voltage is large enough to pull VBNO larger than 1.25V,
OUT
the gate output will not start switching even when the next
UVLO(ON) is tripped. A hysteresis is implemented to
Non-Switching
Switching
prevent the false trigger during turn-on and turn-off.

t
Fig. 22
Meanwhile, LD7523 detects the voltage across BNO pin

2 Vac
to feed the line compensation signal to the current sense

circuit. Figure 23 shows the circuit. The OCP level of
high-line and low-line can be set to a very close point.
The voltage gain from the BNO voltage to line

compensation is 0.04 (V/V).
The relationship between
BNO pin voltage and the line compensation is illustrated

in figure 24.
Fig. 23
12
LD7523-DS-00
June 2009
LD7523
Line
Compensation
By using such protection mechanism, the average input

power can be reduced to minimum level to control the
component temperature and stress within the safety
160mV
operation area.
150mV
Linear Region
gain=0.04
VCC
52mV
OLP Delatch by UVLO(off)
Turn-Off
Region
1.30V
3.75V
4.0V
UVLO(on)
Vpin1
UVLO(off)
Over Load
Over Load
Fig. 24
Over Load Protection (OLP)
COMP
To protect the circuit from damage under over load
OLP Delay Time
condition or short condition, a smart OLP function is
OLP Delay Time
5V
implemented in the LD7523. Figure 25 shows the

waveforms of the OLP operation.
In such cases, the
feedback system will force the feedback voltage loop
OUT
toward the saturation and pull the voltage of COMP pin

(VCOMP) to high.
Once the VCOMP trips the OLP
Switching
threshold of 5.0V and stays for more than 60mS, the
Switching
Switching
Non-Switching
protection will be activated and then turns off the gate

output to stop the switching of power circuit.
The 60mS
Fig. 25
delay time is to prevent the false trigger from the power-on

and turn-off transient.
The Fig. 26 shows the other application example. The

VCC of LD7523 will be supplied by an auxiliary source
voltage (e.g. standby power) instead. Once the voltage of
COMP pin trips the OLP threshold voltage (5.0V) and
stays for more than 60mS, OUT pin will stop switching
soon. The VCC voltage will not descend since VCC is
supplied by an auxiliary voltage source. Otherwise, the
internal OLP de-latch counter will active and count for a
skipping duration (500mS). It is called as OLP SKIP
DURATION. The OUT pin will stop switching until the OLP
de-latch counter is reset and then resume to normal
switching.
13
LD7523-DS-00
June 2009
LD7523
VCC
Vbulk-cap
OLP Delatch by
Internal Counter
V(OVP)= Vz+2.5V
UVLO(on)
UVLO(off)
Vz
Over Load
VCC
Over Load
OLP skip duration
OVP
LD7523
COMP
GND
OLP Delay Time
OLP Delay Time
Fig. 27
5V
OLP skip duration
T
V (OVP ) = 2.5V (1 +
OUT
R2
)
R1
Switching
Switching
Switching
Non-Switching
T
Fig. 26
Fig. 28
Over Voltage Protection (OVP)

VCC
To prevent the component from damage due to fault

condition, LD7523 is implemented with protection through
OVP Tripped
OVP Level
the OVP pin. Figure 27 and figure 28 show 2 different

configurations to program the OVP setting point --- zener
UVLO(on)
detection and voltage divider.
UVLO(off)
It provides zero bias
current during normal operation so that it will not affect the

startup timing, as figure 27.
But the tolerance of OVP trip
OUT
point will be larger due to the distribution of the breakdown

voltage of zener diode.
On the other hand, using the circuit of figure 28 will be
Switching
Non-Switching
Switching
beneficial from the minimum cost and higher OVP

t
accuracy, but it requires larger value of R1 and R2 to

Fig. 29
avoid affecting on startup timing by the load effect.

As shown in figure 29, if the voltage on the OVP pin rise
above threshold voltage of 2.5V, the output gate drive
circuit will be shutdown simultaneous in order to stop
switching the power MOSFET.
But if the voltage on the
OVP pin drops below 2.5V, it will automatically resume to

the normal operation on the next UVLO(on) level.
14
LD7523-DS-00
June 2009
LD7523
Summary of Protections
There are several ways to control the on/off of LD7523.
The details are listed as the table below.
Turn Off
COMP
OLP
OVP
Brownout
Operation
Comp Pin <
Cycle by Cycle Mode
1.4V
Non-latch
Comp Pin >
Hiccup Mode
5.0V
Non-latch
OVP Pin >
Re-start
2.5 V
UVLO(on)
BNO Pin <
Cycle by cycle mode
1.25V with
Non-latch
after
next
Hysteresis
Table 1
15
LD7523-DS-00
June 2009
LD7523
Package Information
SOP-8
Dimensions in Millimeters
Dimensions in Inch
Symbols
MIN
MAX
MIN
MAX
4.801
5.004
0.189
0.197
3.810
3.988
0.150
0.157
1.346
1.753
0.053
0.069
0.330
0.508
0.013
0.020
1.194
1.346
0.047
0.053
0.178
0.229
0.007
0.009
0.102
0.254
0.004
0.010
5.791
6.198
0.228
0.244
0.406
1.270
0.016
0.050
16
LD7523-DS-00
June 2009
LD7523
Package Information
DIP-8
Symbol
Dimension in Millimeters
Dimensions in Inches
Min
Max
Min
Max
9.017
10.160
0.355
0.400
6.096
7.112
0.240
0.280
-----
5.334
------
0.210
0.356
0.584
0.014
0.023
1.143
1.778
0.045
0.070
2.337
2.743
0.092
0.108
2.921
3.556
0.115
0.140
7.366
8.255
0.29
0.325
0.381
------
0.015
--------
Important Notice
Leadtrend Technology Corp. reserves the right to make changes or corrections to its products at any time without notice. Customers
should verify the datasheets are current and complete before placing order.
17
LD7523-DS-00
June 2009
LD7523
Revision History
Rev.
Date
Change Notice
00
6/16/2009
Original Specification.
18
LD7523-DS-00
June 2009

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LD7523

Smart Green-Mode PWM Controller with Multiple Protections

The LD7523 is a low startup current, current mode PWM

controller with green-mode power-saving operation. The

SOP-8/DIP-8 package integrated functions such as the

leading- edge blanking of the current sensing, internal

slope compensation, line compensation, and several

protection features. The protection functions include

cycle-by-cycle current limit, OVP, OLP, and brownout

protection. It provides the users a high efficiency, low

external component counts solution for AC/DC power

Furthermore, to satisfy various protection requirements,

protection can be easily achieved by configuring LD7523

Switching AC/DC Adaptor and Battery Charger

Open Frame Switching Power Supply

LCD Monitor/TV Power

The special green-mode control is not only to achieve the

High-Voltage CMOS Process with Excellent ESD

operating under light load or no load condition.

SOP-8 & DIP-8(TOP VIEW)

YY : Year code (D: 2004, E: 2005..)

2500 /tape & reel

The LD7523 is ROHS Complaint/ Green Package.

Current sense pin, connect to sense the MOSFET current

Gate drive output to drive the external MOSFET

Supply voltage pin

photo-coupler to close the control loop and achieve the regulation.

This pin is active-high to provide the OVP function. Connecting a zener or a

resistor voltage divider to Vcc will set the OVP level.

Once the voltage rise

Maximum Junction Temperature

Operating Ambient Temperature Range

Operating Junction Temperature Range

Storage Temperature Range

Package Thermal Resistance (SOP-8)

Package Thermal Resistance (DIP-8)

Power Dissipation (SOP-8, at Ambient Temperature = 85C)

Power Dissipation (DIP-8, at Ambient Temperature = 85C)

Lead temperature (Soldering, 10sec)

ESD Voltage Protection, Human Body Model

ESD Voltage Protection, Machine Model

Gate Output Current

Supply Voltage (VCC Pin)

Protection Mode (note 1)

Voltage Feedback (Comp Pin)

Green Mode Threshold VCOMP

Current Sensing (CS Pin)

Maximum Input Voltage, VCS(OFF)

Leading Edge Blanking Time

Gate Drive Output (OUT Pin)

Output High Level

VCC=15V ,Load Cap.=1000pF

Green Mode Frequency

Frequency Temp. Stability

Frequency Voltage Stability

Brownout Turn-On Trip Level

Brownout Turn-Off Trip Level

Brownout Protection & Line Compensation (BNO Pin)

Saturation Voltage on LINE Pin