HSE APPROVED SPECIFICATION

Specification DOT-4BW(HSE)

Welded steel cylinders made of definitely prescribed steels

with electric-arc welded longitudinal seam.

ISSUE 1

December 1995.

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Contents
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.

Type, size and service pressure.

Certificate of Compliance
Duties of inspector
Authorised Steel
Identification of material
Defects
Manufacture
Welding of attachments
Wall thickness
Heat treatment
Openings in cylinders
Safety relief devices and protection for valves etc.
Hydrostatic test
Physical test.
Elongation.
Test of welds.
Radiographic examination.
Rejected cylinders
Marking
Report retention

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1. Type, size and service pressure.

Must be welded type with longitudinal electric-arc welded seam not over 450 kg (1000
pounds) water capacity (nominal); service pressure at least 15.51 Bar g (225 p.s.i.g.) and not
over 34.48 Bar g (500 p.s.i.g.). Cylinders closed by spinning process not authorised. This
design specification shall not be used for acetylene service.
2. Certificate of Compliance
The inspection body approved by the HSE shall certify that the manufacture, inspection and
testing of the cylinders was carried out in compliance with the requirements of this
specification.
Note: A suitable form of certificate is shown in Appendix 1.
3. Duties of inspector
3.1 Inspect all material and reject any not complying with requirements of this specification.
3.2 Verify chemical analysis of each heat of materials by analysis or by obtaining certified
analysis: Provided, that a certificate from the manufacturer thereof giving sufficient data to
indicate compliance with requirements is acceptable when verified by check analyses of
samples taken from one cylinder out of each lot of 200 or less.
3.3. Verify compliance of cylinders with specification requirements including: markings;
condition of inside; tests; threads; heat treatment. Obtain samples for all tests, and check
chemical analyses, witness all tests; report volumetric capacity, tare weight (see report form)
and minimum thickness of wall noted.
3.4. Furnish complete test reports required by this specification to the maker of the cylinder
and, upon request, to the purchaser. The test report shall be retained by the inspector for
fifteen years from the original test date of the cylinder.

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4. Authorised Steel
4.1. Table I
Designation

Chemical
composition,
percent-ladle analysis
Grade 11

Grade 212

Grade 3245

Carbon

0.10/0.20

0.24 maximum

0.22 maximum

Manganese

1.10/1.60

0.50/1.00

1.25 maximum

Phosphorus,
maximum

0.04

0.04

0.046

Sulphur, maximum

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.15/0.30

0.30 maximum

Silicon
Copper, maximum

0.4

Niobium

0.01/0.04

Heat treatment
authorised

()

(3)

(3)

Maximum stress
(N/mm2)

240

240

240

Addition of other elements to obtain alloying effect is not authorised.

Ferritic grain size 6 or finer according to ASTM E112-63

Any suitable heat treatment in excess of 593oC (1100oF), except that liquid quenching is not
permitted.

Other alloying elements may be added and shall be reported.

For compositions with a maximum carbon content of 0.15 % of ladle analysis, the
maximum limit for manganese on ladle analysis may be 1.4%.
5

Rephosphorized Grade 3 steels containing no more than 0.15% phosphorus are permitted if
carbon content does not exceed 0.15% and manganese does not exceed 1%.
6

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4.2. Check Analysis Tolerance.

[A heat of steel made under any of the above grades, the ladle analysis of which is slightly out
of the specified range is acceptable if the check analysis is within the following variation:]
Element

Limit or maximum
specified (%)

Tolerance (%) over the maximum limit or

under the minimum limit
Under minimum limit Over maximum limit

Carbon

To 0.15 inclusive
Over 0.15 to 0.40
inclusive

0.02
0.03

0.03
0.04

Manganese

To 0.60 inclusive
Over 0.60 to 1.15
inclusive
Over 1.15 to 2.50
inclusive

0.03

0.03

0.04

0.04

0.05

0.05

Phosphorus7

All ranges

0.01

Sulphur

All ranges

0.01

Silicon

To 0.30 inclusive
Over 0.30 to 1.00
inclusive

0.02

0.03

0.05

0.05

To 1.0 inclusive
Over 1.00 to 2.00
inclusive

0.03

0.03

0.05

0.05

To 1.0 inclusive
Over 1.00 to 2.00
inclusive

0.03

0.03

0.05

0.05

To 0.90 inclusive
Over 0.90 to 2.10
inclusive

0.03

0.03

0.05

0.05

To 0.20 inclusive
Over 0.20 to 0.40
inclusive

0.01

0.01

0.02

0.02

Zirconium

All ranges

0.01

0.05

Niobium

To 0.04 inclusive

0.005

0.01

Aluminium

Over 0.10 to 0.20

inclusive
Over 0.20 to 0.30
inclusive

0.04

0.04

0.05

0.05

Copper

Nickel

Chromium

Molybdenum

Rephosphorized steel not subject to check analysis for phosphorus.

4.3. Heads
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Material for heads shall be the same as 4.1. of this section or shall be open hearth, electric or
basic oxygen carbon steel of uniform quality. Content percent for the following not over:
Carbon 0.25, Manganese 0.60, Phosphorous 0.045, Sulphur 0.050.
Heads shall be hemispherical or ellipsoidal in shape with a maximum ratio of 2:1. If low
carbon steel is used thickness of such heads shall be determined by using a maximum wall
stress of 165 N/mm2 (24000 p.s.i.) in formula in 9.1.
5. Identification of material
The material of construction shall be identified by a suitable method.
6. Defects
Material with seams, cracks, laminations or other injurious defects, not authorised.
7. Manufacture
7.1. By suitable appliances and methods; dirt and scale to be removed as necessary to afford
proper inspection; no defect acceptable that is likely to weaken the finished cylinder
appreciably; reasonably smooth and uniform surface required. Exposed bottom welds on
cylinders over 460 mm (18 inches) long shall be protected by footrings. Minimum thickness
of heads shall be not less than 90 percent of the required thickness of the side wall. Heads
shall be concave to pressure.
7.2. Circumferential seams.
By electric-arc welding. Joints shall be butt with one member offset (joggle butt) or lap with
minimum overlap of at least four times nominal sheet thickness.
7.3. Longitudinal seams in shells.
7.3.1. Longitudinal electric-arc welded seams shall be of the butt welded type. Welds shall
be made by a machine process including automatic feed and welding guidance mechanisms.
Longitudinal seams shall have complete joint penetration, and shall be free from undercuts,
overlaps or abrupt ridges or valleys. Misalignment of mating butt edges shall not exceed 1/6
of nominal sheet thickness or 0.8 mm (0.0312 inch) whichever is less. All joints with
nominal sheet thickness up to and including 3.2 mm (0.125 inch) shall be tightly butted.
When nominal sheet thickness is greater than 3.2 mm (0.125 inch), the joint shall be gapped
with maximum distance equal to one-half the nominal sheet thickness of 0.8 mm (0.0312
inch) whichever is less. Joint design, preparation and fit-up shall be such that the
requirements of 7.3.3. are satisfied.
7.3.2. Maximum joint efficiency shall be 1.0 when each seam is radiographed completely.
Maximum joint efficiency shall be 0.90 when one cylinder from each lot of 50 consecutively
welded cylinders is spot radiographed. In addition, one out of the first five cylinders welded
following a shut down of welding operations exceeding four hours shall be spot radiographed.
Spot radiographs, when required, shall be made of a finished welded cylinder and shall
include the girth weld for 50 mm (2 inches) in both directions from the intersection of the
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longitudinal and girth welds and include at least 150 mm (6 inches) of the longitudinal weld.
Maximum joint efficiency of 0.75 shall be permissible without radiography,
7.3.3.
Welding procedures and operators shall be qualified in accordance with
CGA Pamphlet C-3.
8. Welding of attachments
The attachment to the tops and bottoms only of cylinders by welding of neckrings, footrings,
handles, bosses, pads and valve protection rings is authorised provided that such attachments
and the portion of the container to which they are attached are made of weldable steel, the
carbon content of which shall not exceed 0.25 percent.
9. Wall thickness
9.1. For outside diameters over 150 mm (6 inches) the minimum wall thickness shall be 2
mm (0.078 inch).
In any case the minimum wall thickness shall be such that the wall stress calculated by the
formula (see Note 1):
S = [2P (1.3D2 + 0.4d2)] / [E (D2 - d2)]
shall not exceed the lesser value of any of the following:
(1)

The value shown in Table I, for the particular material under consideration.

(2)
One-half of the minimum tensile strength of the material determined as required in
section 14.
(3)

240 N/mm2 (35000 p.s.i.).

NOTE 1: In the formula above quoted

S = wall stress, N/mm2 (p.s.i.),
P = service pressure, N/mm2 (p.s.i.)
D = outside diameter, mm (inches),
d = inside diameter, mm (inches),
E = joint efficiency of the longitudinal seam (from 7.3.2.).
9.2. For a cylinder with a wall thickness less than 2.5 mm (0.1 inch), the ratio of tangential
length to outside diameter shall not exceed 4:1.

10. Heat treatment

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10.1. Each cylinder shall be uniformly and properly heat treated prior to test by the applicable
method shown in Table 1. Heat treatment shall be accomplished after all forming and
welding operations.
10.2. Heat treatment is not required after welding or brazing weldable low carbon parts to
attachments of similar material which have been previously welded to the top or bottom of
cylinders and properly heat treated, provided such subsequent welding or brazing does not
produce a temperature in excess of 205oC (400oF) in any part of the top or bottom material.
11. Openings in cylinders
11.1. All openings shall be in the heads or bases.
11.2. Openings in cylinders shall be provided with adequate fittings, bosses, or pads, integral
with or securely attached to the cylinder by welding.
11.3. Threads shall comply with the following:
(1)

Threads shall be clean cut and to gauge.

(2)
Taper threads shall be of length not less than as specified for American
Standard Taper Pipe threads.
(3)
Straight threads, having at least 4 engaged threads, to have tight fit and
calculated shear strength at least 10 times the test pressure of the cylinder; gaskets
required, adequate to prevent leakage.
11.4. Closure of fittings, boss or pads shall be adequate to prevent leakage.
12. Safety relief devices and protection for valves, safety devices and other connections,
if applied
12.1. No person may offer a cylinder charged with a compressed gas for transportation unless
the cylinder is equipped with one or more pressure relief devices sized and selected as to type,
location, and quantity and tested in accordance with CGA Pamphlet S-1.1. The pressure
relief device system must be capable of preventing rupture of the normally charged cylinder
when subjected to a fire test conducted in accordance with CGA Pamphlet C-14. Cylinders
shall not be shipped with leaking safety devices. Safety relief devices shall be tested for leaks
before the charged cylinder is shipped from the cylinder filling plant; it is expressly forbidden
to repair leaking fuse plug devices, where leak is through the fusible metal or between the
fusible metal and the opening in the plug body, (except by removal of the device and
replacement of the fusible metal). Exceptions are as follows:
12.1.1. Except as provided in Notes 1, and 3, safety relief devices are not required on
cylinders 305 mm (12 inches) or less in length, exclusive of neck, and 114 mm (4.5 inches)
or less in outside diameter.
NOTE 1: Safety relief devices are required on cylinders charged with a liquefied gas for
which this part requires a service pressure of 125 bar (1800 p.s.i.) or higher.
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NOTE 2: Safety relief devices are required on cylinders charged with nonliquefied gases to a
pressure of 125 bar (1800 p.s.i.) or higher at 21oC (70oF).
12.1.2. Safety relief devices are not required on cylinders charged with non-liquefied gas
under pressure of 20.7 bar (300 p.s.i.) or less at 21oC (70oF).
12.1.3. Safety relief devices are prohibited on cylinders charged with DOT Division 2, 3 or
Division 6.1 materials in Hazard Zone A.
12.1.4. Safety relief devices are prohibited on cylinders charged with fluorine.
12.1.5. Safety relief devices are not required on cylinders charged with methyl mercaptan;
with mono-, di-, or trimethylamine, anhydrous; with not over 4.5 kg (10 pounds) of nitrosyl
chloride; or with less than 75 kg (165 pounds) of anhydrous ammonia
12.1.6. Safety relief devices, if used, must be in the vapour space of cylinders containing
pyrophoric liquids.
12.2. Container valve protection.
Containers charged with flammable, corrosive, or noxious gases, shall have their valves
protected by one of the following methods.
12.2.1. By equipping the containers with securely attached metal caps of sufficient strength
to protect the valves from damage during transit.
12.2.2. By boxing or crating the containers so as to give proper protection to the valves.
12.2.3. By so constructing the containers that the valve is recessed into the container or
otherwise protected so that it will not be subjected to a blow when the container is dropped on
a flat surface.
12.2.4. By loading the containers compactly in an upright position and securely bracing in
cars or motor vehicles, when loaded by the consignor and to be unloaded by the consignee.
12.2.6. By equipping with valves strong enough to avoid damage during transit for containers
containing non liquefied gas under pressure not exceeding 20.7 bar (300 p.s.i.) at 21oC (70oF).
13. Hydrostatic test
13.1. By water jacket, or other suitable method, operated so as to obtain accurate data.
Pressure gauge must permit readings to accuracy of 1 percent. Expansion gauge shall permit
readings of total volumetric expansion to accuracy either of 1 percent or 0.1 cubic centimetre.
13.2. Pressure must be maintained for 30 seconds and sufficiently longer to insure complete
expansion. Any internal pressure applied after heat treatment and previous to the official test
shall not exceed 90 percent of the test pressure.
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13.3. Permanent volumetric expansion shall not exceed 10 percent of the total volumetric
expansion at test pressure.
13.4. Cylinders shall be tested as follows:
13.4.1. At least 1 cylinder selected at random out of each lot of 200 or less shall be tested as
outlined in paragraphs 13.1., 13.2., and 13.3. of this section to at least two times
service pressure.
13.4.2. All cylinders not tested as outlined in paragraph 13.4.1. of this section shall be
examined under pressure of at least two times service pressure and show no defect.
13.5.

One finished cylinder selected at random out of each lot of 500 or less successively
produced shall be hydrostatically tested to 4 times service pressure without bursting.

14. Physical tests

14.1. Specimens shall be taken from one cylinder after heat treatment and chosen at random
from each lot of 200 or less, as follows:
(1)
Body specimen. One specimen shall be taken longitudinally from the body
section at least 90 degrees away from the weld.
(2)
Head specimen. One specimen shall be taken from either head on a cylinder
when both heads are made of the same material; however (i)
If the two heads are made of differing materials, a specimen shall be
taken from each head; and
(ii)
If due to welded attachments on the top head there is insufficient
surface from which to take a specimen, it may be taken from a representative
head of the same heat treatment as the test cylinder.
14.2. Specimens shall be: Gauge length 200 mm (8 inches) with width not over 38 mm (1.5
inches); or gauge length 50 mm (2 inches) with width not over 38 mm (1.5 inches), provided,
that gauge length at least 24 times thickness with width not over 6 times thickness is
authorised when cylinder wall is not over 4.8 mm (0.1875 inches) thick. The specimen
exclusive of grip ends, shall not be flattened. Grip ends may be flattened to within 25.4mm
(1 inch) of each end of the reduced section. When size of cylinder does not permit securing
straight specimens, the specimens may be taken in any location or direction and may be
straightened or flattened cold, by pressure only, not by blows; when specimens are so taken
and prepared, the inspector's report must show in connection with record of physical tests
detailed information in regard to such specimens. Heating of specimens for any purpose is
not authorised.
14.3. The yield strength in tension shall be the stress corresponding to a permanent strain of
0.2 percent of the gauge length.

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14.3.1.

The yield strength shall be determined by either the "off-set" method or the
"extension under load" method as prescribed in ASTM Standard E8-78.

14.3.2. In using the "extension under load" method, the total strain (or "ex-tension under
load"), corresponding to the stress at which the 0.2 % permanent strain occurs may be
determined with sufficient accuracy by calculating the elastic extension of the gauge
length under appropriate load and adding thereto 0.2 percent of the gauge length.
Elastic extension calculations shall be based on an elastic modulus of 206.8 x 109
N/m2 (30 x 106 p.s.i.). In the event of controversy, the entire stress-strain diagram shall
be plotted and the yield strength determined from the 0.2% offset.
14.3.3. For the purpose of strain measurement, the initial strain reference shall be set while
the specimen is under a stress of 83 N/mm2 (12000 p.s.i.), the strain indicator reading
being set at the calculated corresponding strain.
14.3.4. Cross-head speed of the testing machine shall not exceed 3.2 mm (0.125 inch) per
minute during yield strength determination.
15. Elongation
Physical test specimens shall show at least 40 percent for 50 mm gauge (2 inch) length or at
least 20 percent in other cases, except that these elongation percentages may be reduced
numerically by 2 for 50 mm (2 inch) specimens and by 1 in other cases for each 52 N/mm2
(7500 p.s.i.) increment of tensile strength above 345 N/mm2 (50000 p.s.i.) to a maximum of
four increments.
16. Test of welds
16.1. Tensile test. A specimen shall be cut from one cylinder of each lot of 200 or less. The
specimen shall be taken across the longitudinal seam and shall be prepared and tested in
accordance with and shall meet the requirements of CGA Pamphlet C-3.
16.2. Guided bend test. A "root" test specimen shall be cut from the cylinder used for the
tensile test specified in section 16.1. Specimens shall be taken across the longitudinal seam
and shall be prepared and tested in accordance with and shall meet the requirements of CGA
Pamphlet C-3.
16.3. Alternate guided bend test. This test may be used and shall be as required by CGA
Pamphlet C-3. The specimen shall be bent until the elongation at the outer surface, adjacent
to the root of the weld, between the lightly scribed gauge lines a. to b., shall be at least
20 percent, except that this percentage may be reduced for steels having a tensile strength in
excess of 345 N/mm2 (50000 p.s.i.), as provided in 15.
17. Radiographic examination
17.1. Radiographic inspection shall conform to the techniques and acceptability criteria set
forth in CGA Pamphlet C-3. When fluoroscopic inspection is used, permanent film records
need not be retained.

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17.2. Should spot radiographic examination fail to meet the requirements of paragraph (a) of
this section, two additional welds from the same lot of 50 cylinders or less shall be examined,
and if either of these fail to meet the requirements, each cylinder shall be examined as
previously outlined; only those passing are acceptable.
18 Rejected cylinders
18.1. Unless otherwise stated, if a sample cylinder or specimen taken from a lot of cylinders
fails the prescribed test, then two additional specimens shall be selected from the same lot and
subjected to the prescribed test. If either of these fail the test then the entire lot shall be
rejected.
18.2. Reheat treatment authorised; subsequent thereto, acceptable cylinders shall pass all
prescribed tests. Repair of welded seams by welding is authorised provided that all defective
metal be cut away and joint be rewelded as prescribed for original welded joints.
19 Marking
19.1. Marking on each cylinder stamped as follows:
19.1.1. DOT-4BW(HSE) followed by the service pressure (for example, DOT-4BW(HSE)
20.7 bar [300 p.s.i.] etc.).
19.1.2. A serial number.
19.1.3. An Authorised Inspecton Body's official mark.
19.1.4. Date of test (for example, 12-94 for December 1994).
19.1.5. Additional markings are permitted.
19.2. Sequence of marks.
Serial number shall be just below or immediately following the DOT(HSE) marks; inspector's
official mark shall be near the serial number. Date of test shall be so placed that dates of
subsequent test can easily be added. Symbol in front of or following the serial number, with
space between, or symbol and serial number stamped into welded or brazed-on valve spud
directly above the DOT(HSE) mark located on head of cylinder are also authorised. Other
variations in sequence of marks authorised only when necessitated by lack of space.

19.3. Location of markings.

Markings shall be stamped plainly and permanently in the following locations on the cylinder:
19.3.1. On shoulders and top heads when they are not less than 2.2 mm (0.087 inch) thick.

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19.3.2. On a metal plate attached to the top of the cylinder or permanent part thereof:
sufficient space shall be left on the plate to provide for stamping at least six retest
dates; the plate must be at least 1.6 mm (0.0625 inch) thick and shall be attached by
welding, or by brazing. The brazing rod is to melt at a temperature of 590oC (1100oF).
Welding or brazing shall be along all the edges of the plate.
19.3.3. On the neck, valve boss, valve protection sleeve, or similar part permanently attached
to the top of the cylinder.
19.3.4. On the footring permanently attached to the cylinder, provided the water capacity of
the cylinder does not exceed 11 kg (25 pounds).
19.4. Size of marks.
Space permitting, at least 6 mm (0.25 inch) high.

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APPENDIX 1.
Inspector's report
(a)

Required to be clear, legible and in following form:

(Place) ___________________________________
(Date) ___________________________________
Steel gas cylinders
Manufactured for _________________ Company
Location at ______________________________
Manufactured by _________________ Company
Location at ______________________________
Consigned to ____________________ Company
Location at ______________________________
Quantity ________________________________
Size _______________ mm (inches)outside diameter
by _______________ mm (inches) long
Marks stamped into the (location of marking) of the cylinder are:
Specification DOT 4BW(HSE)
Serial numbers ______ to ______ inclusive
Inspector's mark _____________________
Identifying symbol (registered) _________
Test date ___________________________
Tare weights (yes or no) _______________
Other marks ________________________
These cylinders were made by process of

(Manufacturer's name)
(Signed) _______________________
The material used was type ________
(Inspector)
authorised in Table I of Spec. No. 4BW(HSE)
By: __________________
(Place) ......................................
(Date) .......................................

RECORD OF CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF STEEL FOR CYLINDERS

Numbered ....................................
to .................................... inclusive
Size .............................................
mm (inch) outside diameter by ....... .......... mm (inch) long
Made by ................................................................................................................................Company
For ........................................................................................................................................ Company

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Test No. Heat No.

Check
analysis
No.

Cylinders
represented C
(serial No.s)

Chemical analysis
P

Si Mn Ni

Cr

Mo

Cu

Al

Zr

Steel was manufactured by ................................... Company.

The original of the certified mill test reports are in files of the manufacturer.
Note: Any omission of analyses by heats, if authorised, must be accounted for by notation
hereon reading "The prescribed certificate of the manufacturer of material has been secured,
found satisfactory, and placed on file", or by attaching a copy of the certificate.
Chemical analyses were made by:

(Place) ......................................
(Date) ......................................

RECORD OF PHYSICAL TESTS OF MATERIAL FOR CYLINDERS

Numbered ....................................
to .................................... inclusive
Size .............................................
mm (inch) outside diameter by ..................... mm (inch) long
Made by ................................................................................................................................Company
For ........................................................................................................................................ Company
Test No.

Cylinders
represented
by test (serial
No.s)

Yield
strength
(N/mm2)
[p.s.i.]

Tensile
strength
(N/mm2)
[p.s.i.]

Elongation
(percent)

Reduction
of area
(percent)

Weld
Weld
tensile test bend test

(Signed) .....................................
(Place) .......................................
(Date) .........................................

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RECORD OF HYDROSTATIC TESTS ON CYLINDERS

Numbered ....................................
to .................................... inclusive
Size .............................................
mm outside diameter by .................... .......... mm long
Made by ................................................................................................................................Company
For ........................................................................................................................................ Company
Serial No.s Actual test
Total
Permanent
Tare
Volumetric
Percent Burst test
of cylinders pressure
expansion
expansion
weight
capacity3
ratio of
(bar)
2
tested
(cubic
(cubic
permanent
(bar)
(kg)
[p.s.i.]
arranged
centimetres)1 centimetres)1 expansion
[p.s.i.]
[pounds]
numerically
to total
expansion1

NOTE 1: When specifications require test for only one out of each lot of 200 or less cylinders, the check on the
others must be indicated by a notation hereon reading, "Each cylinder was subjected to a pressure of ## bar
(p.s.i.) and showed no defect".
1

If the tests are made by a method involving the measurement of the amount of liquid forced into the cylinder by
the test pressure, then the basic data, on which the calculations are made, such as the pump factors, temperature
of liquid, coefficient of compressibility of liquid, etc., must also be given.
2
Do not include removable cap but state whether with or without valve. These weights must be accurate to a
tolerance of 1 percent.
3
Report approximate maximum and minimum volumetric capacity for the lot.

Signed) .......................................
20. Report retention
The makers of cylinders under this specification must retain the test reports required by this
specification for fifteen years from the original test date of the cylinder.

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