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    Free Piston Engines

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    Aatsan Aathil
    This document provides an overview of internal combustion engines. It discusses free piston engines, which use the exhaust from a reciprocating engine to power a gas turbine. The key components of a free piston engine include a gasifier cylinder and turbine. The motion of the pistons is controlled by the cushion volume, compressor space, and combustion chamber rather than linkages. The document outlines the operation of free piston engines and how varying parameters like fuel supply, bounce cylinder pressure, and working pressure affect performance. It concludes with advantages and disadvantages as well as applications of free piston engines.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Free Piston Engines

    Uploaded by

    Aatsan Aathil
    129 views24 pages
    This document provides an overview of internal combustion engines. It discusses free piston engines, which use the exhaust from a reciprocating engine to power a gas turbine. The key components of a free piston engine include a gasifier cylinder and turbine. The motion of the pistons is controlled by the cushion volume, compressor space, and combustion chamber rather than linkages. The document outlines the operation of free piston engines and how varying parameters like fuel supply, bounce cylinder pressure, and working pressure affect performance. It concludes with advantages and disadvantages as well as applications of free piston engines.

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    presentation on free piston engines by SAHA

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    This document provides an overview of internal combustion engines. It discusses free piston engines, which use the exhaust from a reciprocating engine to power a gas turbine. The key components of a free piston engine include a gasifier cylinder and turbine. The motion of the pistons is controlled by the cushion volume, compressor space, and combustion chamber rather than linkages. The document outlines the operation of free piston engines and how varying parameters like fuel supply, bounce cylinder pressure, and working pressure affect performance. It concludes with advantages and disadvantages as well as applications of free piston engines.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    129 views24 pages

    Free Piston Engines

    Uploaded by

    Aatsan Aathil
    This document provides an overview of internal combustion engines. It discusses free piston engines, which use the exhaust from a reciprocating engine to power a gas turbine. The key components of a free piston engine include a gasifier cylinder and turbine. The motion of the pistons is controlled by the cushion volume, compressor space, and combustion chamber rather than linkages. The document outlines the operation of free piston engines and how varying parameters like fuel supply, bounce cylinder pressure, and working pressure affect performance. It concludes with advantages and disadvantages as well as applications of free piston engines.

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    Lecture-29

    Prepared under
    QIP-CD Cell Project

    Internal Combustion Engines

    Ujjwal K Saha, Ph.D.

    Department of Mechanical Engineering

    Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati


    1

    Introduction
    Combination of a reciprocating engine
    and a rotary turbine (an attempt to combine
    high thermal efficiency of the reciprocating engine with
    high power/weight ratio of a rotary turbine).

    Uses its own exhaust into a gas turbine


    to produce power.
    Output of the engine is used for
    compressing the air for its own
    supercharge.
    Diesel cylinder is called a gasifier.
    2

    Types of Free Piston Engine

    Inward compression type


    Outward compression type

    Components of a free piston engine

    Components of a free piston engine


    It consists of a gasifier and a turbine.
    Compressor pistons are directly attached
    to diesel pistons.
    Motion of pistons is controlled by cushion
    volume, compressor space and main
    diesel combustion chamber space, and
    not by the mechanical linkages. Hence,
    it is called a free piston engine.

    Components of a free piston engine


    The centre pivot of mechanism
    oscillates, so it drives the fuel pump and
    other auxiliaries.
    The exhaust from the diesel cylinder is
    fed to a axial flow or impulse turbine.
    The stroke of pistons in a gasifier is
    variable and depends upon the
    amount of fuel injected.

    Operation of a free piston engine


    During the inward stroke, the air in the
    compressor cylinder is compressed and is
    delivered to a scavenging box.
    In the power cylinder, the air compresses
    to 35 bar approx.
    Fuel is injected at a pressure of 400 to 700
    bar, and combustion starts which moves
    the piston outwards.

    Operation of a free piston engine


    During the outward stroke intake valve
    opens and air is inducted in the
    compressor cylinder.
    Air in the bounce cylinder is compressed,
    which is expanded in returning the piston
    back to firing position for next inward
    stroke.
    At the end of outward stroke the exhaust
    ports are uncovered. Hence, exhaust
    gases flow to the gas turbine.
    8

    Operation of a free piston engine


    At the end of outward stroke the exhaust
    ports are uncovered. Hence, exhaust
    gases flow to the gas turbine.
    Simultaneously, the scavenging ports are
    also opened, and the air from
    scavenged box enters the power
    cylinder.
    Excess air also passes to turbine.
    9

    Thermodynamics of a free piston engine


    ENGINE
    COMPRESSOR

    3
    4

    TURBINE

    10

    T-s diagram
    b

    T
    a

    3
    4

    2
    1

    5
    S

    11

    Stability of Piston Movements


    OUTWARD STROKE:
    A1 = A2e + A3e
    INWARD STROKE:
    A1 = A2c + A2c
    Where
    A1 is work done in bounce cylinder and
    A2 is work done in power cylinder and
    A3 is work done in compression cylinder.
    e- expansion, c- compression
    12

    Stability of Piston Movements


    It leads to fundamental condition of
    stability i.e. net work done by the
    power cylinder must be equal to
    the net work absorbed by the
    compressor cylinder, the bounce
    volume remains constant.

    13

    Effect of fuel rack position


    Increase in fuel supply leads to
    increase in stroke of pistons.
    Each
    fuel
    rack
    position
    corresponds to a particular stroke
    value.
    The outer movement of pistons will
    be more than the movement
    towards the inner dead centre.

    14

    Effect of bounce cylinder pressure


    Increasing
    bounce
    cylinder
    pressure leads to increase in A1
    Since A2 and A3 remains same i.e.
    pressure in compression cylinder
    increases.
    Position of the stroke is determined
    by the pressure level in the bounce
    cylinder.

    15

    Effect of working pressure


    Results in a change in stroke length.
    And change in position of stroke.
    Maximum position of IDC: when
    pressure after compression <
    pressure required for combustion
    Increase in working pressure
    reduces the stroke length but ID
    point is increased.

    16

    OBSERVATIONS
    By increase in load and increase in bounce
    level the stroke and stroke position can be kept
    same for increased fuel supply.
    Upper limit of load: time available for
    combustion is not adequate.
    Position of IDC and ODC is limited to a narrow
    range.
    Self ignition requires that IDC should be nearest
    to central point of power cylinder.
    Adequate scavenging requires that ODC
    should be nearest to centre of power cylinder.
    The maximum position of ODC is limited by
    design.
    17

    Performance of free piston engine


    Details

    GS-34

    CS-75

    1. Output
    (i) Continuous maximum rating shaft, KW
    (ii) Equivalent, shaft kW

    932
    745

    313
    261

    2. Gas
    (i) Delivery, kg/sec
    (ii) Pressure, bar gauge
    (iii) Temperature, C

    4
    3
    437

    2.8
    3.2
    470

    3. Engine Cylinder diameter, cm

    34

    19

    4. Compressor cylinder diameter, cm

    90

    53

    5. Stroke Piston, cm

    44

    24

    6. Mean piston speed

    500

    480

    7. No. Of Oscillations, cycles/min.

    570

    1000

    18

    Performance of free piston engine


    Details
    7. No. Of Oscillations, cycles/min.
    8. (i) Specific fuel consumption, kg per gas kW
    (ii) Specific fuel consumption, kg per shaft kW
    9. Efficiency
    (i) Thermal efficiency based on gas hp
    (ii) Overall thermal efficiency

    10. Size of gas colllecting tank


    11. Weight, Ton
    12. Overall length, m

    GS-34

    CS-75

    570

    1000

    0.196
    -

    0.199
    0.244

    43%
    -

    42%
    34%

    10*swept
    volume

    7*swept
    volume

    2.25

    4.2

    2.3

    19

    Advantages of free piston engine

    Simple
    Power to weight ratio
    Lower turbine operating temperatures
    Multifuel capability
    Flexibility and reliability
    Easy starting and control
    Waste heat recovery
    less noise and vibrations

    20

    Disadvantages of free piston engine

    Poor fuel economy


    Stability
    Part load efficiency
    High combustion rates
    Reduction gearing is required

    21

    Applications
    Submarine air compressor units
    Suitable for power generation in
    medium power range
    Used in ship propulsion
    For pumping oil
    Mixed gas-steam cycle

    22

    References
    1.

    2.
    3.
    4.
    5.
    6.
    7.
    8.
    9.
    10.
    11.
    12.

    Crouse WH, and Anglin DL,


    DL (1985), Automotive Engines, Tata McGraw Hill.
    Eastop TD, and McConkey A, (1993), Applied Thermodynamics for Engg.
    Technologists, Addison Wisley.
    Fergusan CR, and Kirkpatrick AT, (2001), Internal Combustion Engines, John
    Wiley & Sons.
    Gill PW, Smith JH, and Ziurys EJ, (1959), Fundamentals of I. C. Engines, Oxford
    and IBH Pub Ltd.
    Heisler H, (1999), Vehicle and Engine Technology, Arnold Publishers.
    Heywood JB, (1989), Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals, McGraw Hill.
    Heywood JB, and Sher E, (1999), The Two-Stroke Cycle Engine, Taylor & Francis.
    Mathur ML, and Sharma RP, (1994), A Course in Internal Combustion Engines,
    Dhanpat Rai & Sons, New Delhi.
    Pulkrabek WW, (1997), Engineering Fundamentals of the I. C. Engine, Prentice Hall.
    Rogers GFC, and Mayhew YR,
    YR (1992), Engineering Thermodynamics, Addison
    Wisley.
    Stone R, (1992), Internal Combustion Engines, The Macmillan Press Limited,
    London.
    Taylor CF, (1985), The Internal-Combustion Engine in Theory and Practice, Vol. 1 & 2,
    The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
    23

    Web Resources
    1.
    2.
    3.
    4.
    5.
    6.
    7.
    8.
    9.
    10.
    11.
    12.
    13.
    14.
    15.
    16.
    17.
    18.
    19.
    20.
    21.
    22.
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