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CNC Programing Concept

The document discusses concepts related to CNC programming including: - A CNC program is a sequence of machine instructions that the controller executes sequentially to machine a part. It includes startup instructions like the program number as well as coded commands for tool motions. - Common codes include G-codes for preparatory functions and tool motions and M-codes for miscellaneous functions like spindle control and tool changes. - A CNC program is developed in three phases: setting up the program, material removal instructions, and shutdown instructions. Blocks contain line numbers, codes, coordinates, and other parameters in a specified order. Programs must follow certain formatting rules.

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Gatot Prasetyo
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354 views

CNC Programing Concept

The document discusses concepts related to CNC programming including: - A CNC program is a sequence of machine instructions that the controller executes sequentially to machine a part. It includes startup instructions like the program number as well as coded commands for tool motions. - Common codes include G-codes for preparatory functions and tool motions and M-codes for miscellaneous functions like spindle control and tool changes. - A CNC program is developed in three phases: setting up the program, material removal instructions, and shutdown instructions. Blocks contain line numbers, codes, coordinates, and other parameters in a specified order. Programs must follow certain formatting rules.

Uploaded by

Gatot Prasetyo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 11

Chapter 3:

CNC Programming Concepts

Computer Aided Manufacturing TECH 4/53350

CNC
Learning objectives

Format of a CNC Program

Types of Tool Motion

Computer Aided Manufacturing TECH 4/53350

CNC Program Overview

CNC Program

A Sequence of Instructions

Start-up Instructions

Program Start
Program Number

Sequence of Machine Instructions for a Controller

Each instruction is comprised of CNC machine


machine specific codes
codes
(commands)

The Controller uses individual Codes to move, position the spindle


and machine a part

Instructions are listed sequentially in numbered blocks

Controller executes instructions sequentially

Computer Aided Manufacturing TECH 4/53350

CNC Program Overview


Sample CNC Milling Program
Instructions

Comments

Program Start flag

:1002

Program #1002

N5 G90 G20 G40 G17

Block #5, Abs in inches

N10 M06 T3

Block #10
#10, Tool Change to Tool #3

N15 M03 S1250

Spindle on CW at 1250 RPM

N20 G00 X1.0 Y1.0

Rapid over to X1.0, Y1.0

N25 Z0
Z0.1
1

Rapid down to Z0
Z0.1
1

N30 G01 Z-0.125 F5

Feed down to Z-0.125 at 5ipm

N35 M30

Stop

G-codes are preparatory functions involve actual tool moves:

Rapid moves, radial feed moves

M-codes are Miscellaneous functions:

Refer page 74

Refer pages 72 - 73

Spindle on/of tool changes,


changes coolant on/of program stop

Computer Aided Manufacturing TECH 4/53350

Writing a CNC Program


Process
Decide on measuring units
Inches or Metric
Decide on Coordinate System to use
Absolute
Incremental

Phase 1

Call up the tool


Turn on the spindle
Move tool rapidly to a point close to part
Phase 2
Start Machining
System Shutdown

Computer Aided Manufacturing TECH 4/53350

Phase 3

CNC Program
Phase 1: Program Set Up Instructions
Program start flag

0<= Program number <= 9999

:1001

Use Abs units and Inch programming

N5 G90 G20

Stop for tool change


change, use Tool #2

N10 M06 T2

Turn the spindle on CW to 1200rpm

N15 M03 S1200


N20 G00 X1.00 Y1.00
N25 Z0.125
N30 G01 Z-0.125 F5.0
N35 G01 X2.0 Y2.0
N40 G00 Z1
Z1.0
0
N45 X0 Y0
N50 M05
N55 M30

Computer Aided Manufacturing TECH 4/53350

CNC Program
Phase 2: Material Removal
%
:1001
N5 G90 G20
N10 M06 T2
N15 M03 S1200
Rapid to distance (1,1) from origin

N20 G00 X1.00 Y1.00

Rapid down to Z
Z.1
1 just above the part
Feed down to Z-0.125 inches at 5 ipm
Feed diagonally to X2, Y2
Rapid
p up
p to Z1 ((clear the p
part))
Rapid back home to X0, Y0

N25 Z0.125

G00 in N20 (G01 in N35) remains active until


overridden by G01 in N30 (G00 in N40):
Modal G Codes
Computer Aided Manufacturing TECH 4/53350

N30 G01 Z-0.125 F5.0


N35 G01 X2.0 Y2.0
N40 G00 Z1
Z1.0
0
N45 X0 Y0
N50 M05
N55 M30
7

CNC Program
Phase 3: Shut Down
%
:1001
N5 G90 G20
N10 M06 T2
N15 M03 S1200
N20 G00 X1.00 Y1.00
N25 Z0.125
N30 G01 Z-0.125 F5.0
N35 G01 X2.0 Y2.0
N40 G00 Z1
Z1.0
0
N45 X0 Y0
Turn the spindle off
End of program
Computer Aided Manufacturing TECH 4/53350

N50 M05
N55 M30
8

CNC Program Block


Block Format
Lets examine the block format

Order of Codes,, Components


p

Sample block of a CNC Code:


N135 G01 X1.0
X1 0 Y1
Y1.0
0 Z0
Z0.125
125 F5.0
F5 0
Order:

Block number, G-code, Coordinate, Special Function

Components:
C
t

N135 - Shows current CNC block number

G01 Command that instructs the machine to do something (linear feed move
See page 74)

X1.0 Y1.0 Z0.125 Specifies


p
the endpoint
p
to move the spindle
p

F5.0 Any special function or related parameter is included here (feed rate of 5
inch per minute)

Computer Aided Manufacturing TECH 4/53350

Rules for CNC Program Block


Restrictions

Only one tool move allowed per block

May contain any number of non-tool move G-codes,


provided there is no conflict between the codes

Only one feed rate per block

May contain only one specified tool or spindle speed

Block number should be sequential


q

Program start flag and program number must be


independent of other commands

Order of components must conform to format in slide 9

Only one M-code allowed per block

Computer Aided Manufacturing TECH 4/53350

10

Preparing to Program
Start with a Drawing

Locate Program Zero


(Reference Point, i.e., origin):

Draw the finished work piece:

For Milling
Milling, Reference Point is
at lower left hand corner on
top of work piece (refer to
chapter 2 lecture notes)
For lathe, Reference point is
always
l
th
the center
t off the
th path
th
in X and right-had end of
finished work piece in zdirection (refer to Chapter 2
lectures)
Locate all coordinates and
distances from reference
point (absolute programming)
on drawing

Record coordinates on an
X,Y, Z Coordinate sheet

Computer Aided Manufacturing TECH 4/53350

Sample Sketch for CNC Milling

11

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