Top249 1 PDF

TOP242-250
TOPSwitch -GX Family

Extended Power, Design Flexible,
EcoSmart, Integrated Off-line Switcher

Product Highlights
Lower System Cost, High Design Flexibility
Extended power range for higher power applications
No heatsink required up to 30 W using P package
Features eliminate or reduce cost of external components
Fully integrated soft-start for minimum stress/overshoot
Externally programmable accurate current limit
Wider duty cycle for more power, smaller input capacitor
Separate line sense and current limit pins on Y/R/F packages
Line under-voltage (UV) detection: no turn off glitches
Line overvoltage (OV) shutdown extends line surge limit
Line feed forward with maximum duty cycle (DCMAX)
reduction rejects line ripple and limits DCMAX at high line
Frequency jittering reduces EMI and EMI filtering costs
Regulates to zero load without dummy loading
132 kHz frequency reduces transformer/power supply size
Half frequency option in Y/R/F packages for video applications
Hysteretic thermal shutdown for automatic fault recovery
Large thermal hysteresis prevents PC board overheating
EcoSmart - Energy Efficient

Extremely low consumption in remote off mode
(80 mW @ 110 VAC, 160 mW @ 230 VAC)
Frequency lowered with load for high standby efficiency
Allows shutdown/wake-up via LAN/input port
Description
TOPSwitch-GX uses the same proven topology as TOPSwitch, cost
effectively integrating the high voltage power MOSFET, PWM
control, fault protection and other control circuitry onto a single
CMOS chip. Many new functions are integrated to
reduce system cost and improve design flexibility, performance
and energy efficiency.
Depending on package type, either 1 or 3 additional pins over the
TOPSwitch standard DRAIN, SOURCE and CONTROL terminals
allow the following functions: line sensing (OV/UV, line feedforward/DCMAX reduction), accurate externally set current limit,
remote ON/OFF, synchronization to an external lower frequency,
and frequency selection (132 kHz/66 kHz).
All package types provide the following transparent features: Softstart, 132 kHz switching frequency (automatically reduced at light
load), frequency jittering for lower EMI, wider DCMAX, hysteretic
thermal shutdown and larger creepage packages. In addition, all
critical parameters (i.e. current limit, frequency, PWM gain) have
tighter temperature and absolute tolerance, to simplify design and
optimize system cost.
+
DC
OUT
-
AC
IN
CONTROL
TOPSwitch-GX
S
PI-2632-060200
Figure 1. Typical Flyback Application.
OUTPUT POWER TABLE

230 VAC 15%4
PRODUCT3
Adapter1
TOP242 P or G 9 W
TOP242 R
21 W
TOP242 Y or F 10 W
TOP243 P or G 13 W
TOP243 R
29 W
TOP243 Y or F 20 W
TOP244 P or G 16 W
TOP244 R
34 W
TOP244 Y or F 30 W
TOP245 P
19 W
TOP245 R
37 W
TOP245 Y or F 40 W
TOP246 R
40 W
TOP246 Y or F 60 W
TOP247 R
42 W
TOP247 Y or F 85 W
TOP248 R
43 W
TOP248 Y or F 105 W
TOP249 R
44 W
TOP249 Y or F 120 W
TOP250 R
45 W
TOP250 Y or F 135 W
85-265 VAC
Open
Frame2
Adapter1
Open
Frame2
15 W
22 W
22 W
25 W
45 W
45 W
28 W
50 W
65 W
30 W
57 W
85 W
64 W
125 W
70 W
165 W
75 W
205 W
79 W
250 W
82 W
290 W
6.5 W
11 W
7W
9W
17 W
15 W
11 W
20 W
20 W
13 W
23 W
26 W
26 W
40 W
28 W
55 W
30 W
70 W
31 W
80 W
32 W
90 W
10 W
14 W
14 W
15 W
23 W
30 W
20 W
28 W
45 W
22 W
33 W
60 W
38 W
90 W
43 W
125 W
48 W
155 W
53 W
180 W
55 W
210 W
Table 1. Notes: 1. Typical continuous power in a non-ventilated

enclosed adapter measured at 50 C ambient. 2. Maximum practical
continuous power in an open frame design at 50 C ambient. See
Key Applications for detailed conditions. 3. See Part Ordering
Information. 4. 230 VAC or 100/115 VAC with doubler.
September 2003
TOP242-250
Section List
Functional Block Diagram ......................................................................................................................................... 3
Pin Functional Description ........................................................................................................................................ 4
TOPSwitch-GX Family Functional Description ........................................................................................................ 5

CONTROL (C) Pin Operation ................................................................................................................................. 6
Oscillator and Switching Frequency ....................................................................................................................... 6
Pulse Width Modulator and Maximum Duty Cycle ................................................................................................. 7
Light Load Frequency Reduction ............................................................................................................................ 7
Error Amplifier ......................................................................................................................................................... 7
On-chip Current Limit with External Programmability ............................................................................................. 7
Line Under-Voltage Detection (UV) ........................................................................................................................ 8
Line Overvoltage Shutdown (OV) ........................................................................................................................... 8
Line Feed Forward with DCMAX Reduction .............................................................................................................. 8
Remote ON/OFF and Synchronization ................................................................................................................... 9
Soft-Start ................................................................................................................................................................ 9
Shutdown/Auto-Restart .......................................................................................................................................... 9
Hysteretic Over-Temperature Protection ................................................................................................................ 9
Bandgap Reference .............................................................................................................................................. 10
High-Voltage Bias Current Source ........................................................................................................................ 10
General Information & Table of Contents

Product Selector Guide
Using Feature Pins .................................................................................................................................................... 10

FREQUENCY (F) Pin Operation ........................................................................................................................... 10
LINE-SENSE (L) Pin Operation ............................................................................................................................ 10
EXTERNAL CURRENT LIMIT (X) Pin Operation ................................................................................................. 11
MULTI-FUNCTION (M) Pin Operation .................................................................................................................. 11
Data Sheets
Application Notes
Typical Uses of FREQUENCY (F) Pin ...................................................................................................................... 14
Design Ideas
Typical Uses of LINE-SENSE (L) and EXTERNAL CURRENT LIMIT (X) Pins ....................................................... 15
Typical Uses of MULTI-FUNCTION (M) Pin ............................................................................................................. 17
Design Tools
Quality and Reliability
Package Information
DPA-Switch DC-DC Seminar
LinkSwitch & TinySwitch-II AC-DC Seminar
Application Examples ............................................................................................................................................... 20

A High Efficiency, 30 W, Universal Input Power Supply ........................................................................................ 20
A High Efficiency, Enclosed, 70 W, Universal Adapter Supply .............................................................................. 21
A High Efficiency, 250 W, 250-380 VDC Input Power Supply ............................................................................... 22
Multiple Output, 60 W, 185-265 VAC Input Power Supply .................................................................................... 23
Processor Controlled Supply Turn On/Off ............................................................................................................ 24
Key Application Considerations .............................................................................................................................. 26
TOPSwitch-II vs. TOPSwitch-GX .......................................................................................................................... 26
TOPSwitch-FX vs. TOPSwitch-GX ....................................................................................................................... 27
TOPSwitch-GX Design Considerations ................................................................................................................ 28
TOPSwitch-GX Layout Considerations ................................................................................................................. 30
Quick Design Checklist ......................................................................................................................................... 30
Design Tools ......................................................................................................................................................... 32
Product Specifications and Test Conditions .......................................................................................................... 33
TOPSwitch-GX AC-DC Seminar 10
Typical Performance Characteristics ...................................................................................................................... 40

Part Ordering Information ........................................................................................................................................ 45
Sales Representatives and Distributors 11
Package Outlines ...................................................................................................................................................... 45
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9/03
TOP242-250
VC
0
DRAIN (D)
CONTROL (C)
ZC
1
SHUNT REGULATOR/
ERROR AMPLIFIER
+
SOFT START
5.8 V
4.8 V
INTERNAL
SUPPLY
5.8 V
INTERNAL UV
COMPARATOR
IFB
VI (LIMIT)
CURRENT
LIMIT
ADJUST
SOFT
START
VBG + VT
SHUTDOWN/
AUTO-RESTART
EXTERNAL
CURRENT LIMIT (X)
1V
VBG
DCMAX
HALF
FREQ.
FREQUENCY (F)
CONTROLLED
TURN-ON
GATE DRIVER
STOP SOFTSTART
DMAX
DCMAX
CLOCK
OV/UV
LINE
SENSE
CURRENT LIMIT
COMPARATOR
HYSTERETIC
THERMAL
SHUTDOWN
STOP LOGIC
LINE-SENSE (L)
ON/OFF
SAW
OSCILLATOR WITH JITTER
LEADING
EDGE
BLANKING
PWM
COMPARATOR
LIGHT LOAD
FREQUENCY
REDUCTION
RE
SOURCE (S)
PI-2639-060600
Figure 2a. Functional Block Diagram (Y, R or F Package).
VC
0
CONTROL (C)
DRAIN (D)
ZC
1
SHUNT REGULATOR/
ERROR AMPLIFIER
+
SOFT START
5.8 V
4.8 V
INTERNAL
SUPPLY
5.8 V
INTERNAL UV
COMPARATOR
IFB
VI (LIMIT)
CURRENT
LIMIT
ADJUST
SOFT
START
ON/OFF
SHUTDOWN/
AUTO-RESTART
CURRENT LIMIT
COMPARATOR
VBG + VT
STOP LOGIC
HYSTERETIC
THERMAL
SHUTDOWN
MULTIFUNCTION (M)
VBG
OV/UV
LINE
SENSE
DCMAX
CONTROLLED
TURN-ON
GATE DRIVER
STOP SOFTSTART
DMAX
DCMAX
CLOCK
SAW
OSCILLATOR WITH JITTER
S
R
LEADING
EDGE
BLANKING
PWM
COMPARATOR
RE
LIGHT LOAD
FREQUENCY
REDUCTION
SOURCE (S)
PI-2641-061200
Figure 2b. Functional Block Diagram (P or G Package).

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9/03
TOP242-250
DRAIN (D) Pin:

High voltage power MOSFET drain output. The internal
start-up bias current is drawn from this pin through a switched
high-voltage current source. Internal current limit sense point
for drain current.
CONTROL (C) Pin:
Error amplifier and feedback current input pin for duty cycle
control. Internal shunt regulator connection to provide internal
bias current during normal operation. It is also used as the
connection point for the supply bypass and auto-restart/
compensation capacitor.
LINE-SENSE (L) Pin: (Y, R or F package only)
Input pin for OV, UV, line feed forward with DCMAX reduction,
remote ON/OFF and synchronization. A connection to
SOURCE pin disables all functions on this pin.
FREQUENCY (F) Pin: (Y, R or F package only)

Input pin for selecting switching frequency: 132 kHz if
connected to SOURCE pin and 66 kHz if connected to
CONTROL pin. The switching frequency is internally set for
fixed 132 kHz operation in P and G packages.
SOURCE (S) Pin:
Output MOSFET source connection for high voltage power
return. Primary side control circuit common and reference point.
VUV = IUV x RLS
VOV = IOV x RLS
DC
Input
Voltage
For RLS = 2 M
2 M
RLS
PI-2629-092203
Pin Functional Description
VUV = 100 VDC

VOV = 450 VDC
DCMAX@100 VDC = 78%
DCMAX@375 VDC = 38%
EXTERNAL CURRENT LIMIT (X) Pin: (Y, R or F

package only)
Input pin for external current limit adjustment, remote
ON/OFF, and synchronization. A connection to SOURCE pin
disables all functions on this pin.
MULTI-FUNCTION (M) Pin: (P or G package only)
This pin combines the functions of the LINE-SENSE (L) and
EXTERNAL CURRENT LIMIT (X) pins of the Y package
into one pin. Input pin for OV, UV, line feed forward with
DCMAX reduction, external current limit adjustment, remote
ON/OFF and synchronization. A connection to SOURCE pin
disables all functions on this pin and makes TOPSwitch-GX
operate in simple three terminal mode (like TOPSwitch-II).
CONTROL
For RIL = 12 k
ILIMIT = 69%
Product Selector
Guide
See Figure
54b for
S
RIL
12 k
other resistor values

(RIL) to select different
ILIMIT values
Data Sheets
Application Notes
VUV = IUV x RLS

VOV = IOV x RLS
Design
Ideas
For R = 2 M
RLS
VUV = 100 VDC

VOV = 450 VDC
Design Tools
D
R Package (TO-263-7C)
F Package (TO-262-7C)
P Package (DIP-8B)
G Package (SMD-8B)
M
S

S
Package Information
Figure 5. P/G Package Line Sense.
For RIL = 12 k
ILIMIT = 69%
DC
TOPSwitch-GX
AC-DCSeeSeminar
10
Figures 54b and
Input
55b for other resistor
values (RIL) to select
different ILIMIT values
Sales Representatives
and Distributors 11
R
C
IL
123 4 5
CL X S F
7
D
PI-2724-010802
S
PI-2517-092203
Figure 3. Pin Configuration (top view).

Figure 6. P/G Package Externally Set Current Limit.
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9/03
For RIL = 25 k
ILIMIT = 43%
CONTROL
6
7
S
S
PI-2509-040501
Voltage
DCMAX@100 VDC = 78%

DCMAX@375 VDC = 38%
CONTROL
7D
5F
4S
3X
2L
1C
LS
2 M
DC
Input
Voltage
Tab Internally
Connected to
SOURCE Pin
Figure 4. Y/R/F Pkg Line Sense and Externally Set Current Limit.
Y Package (TO-220-7C)
TOP242-250
TOPSwitch-GX Family Functional Description
Three terminals, FREQUENCY, LINE-SENSE, and

EXTERNAL CURRENT LIMIT (available in Y, R or F
package) or one terminal MULTI-FUNCTION (available in P
or G package) have been added to implement some of the new
functions. These terminals can be connected to the SOURCE
pin to operate the TOPSwitch-GX in a TOPSwitch-like three
terminal mode. However, even in this three terminal mode, the
TOPSwitch-GX offers many new transparent features that do
not require any external components:
1. A fully integrated 10 ms soft-start limits peak currents and
voltages during start-up and dramatically reduces or
eliminates output overshoot in most applications.
2. DCMAX of 78% allows smaller input storage capacitor, lower
input voltage requirement and/or higher power capability.
3. Frequency reduction at light loads lowers the switching
losses and maintains good cross regulation in multiple
output supplies.
4. Higher switching frequency of 132 kHz reduces the
transformer size with no noticeable impact on EMI.
5. Frequency jittering reduces EMI.
6. Hysteretic over-temperature shutdown ensures automatic
recovery from thermal fault. Large hysteresis prevents circuit
board overheating.
7. Packages with omitted pins and lead forming provide large
drain creepage distance.
8. Tighter absolute tolerances and smaller temperature variations on switching frequency, current limit and PWM gain.
The LINE-SENSE (L) pin is usually used for line sensing by
connecting a resistor from this pin to the rectified DC high
voltage bus to implement line overvoltage (OV), under-voltage
(UV) and line feed-forward with DCMAX reduction. In this
mode, the value of the resistor determines the OV/UV thresholds
and the DCMAX is reduced linearly starting from a line voltage
above the under-voltage threshold. See Table 2 and Figure 11.
IB
IL = 125 A
132
Frequency (kHz)
In addition to the three terminal TOPSwitch features, such as

the high voltage start-up, the cycle-by-cycle current limiting,
loop compensation circuitry, auto-restart, thermal shutdown,
the TOPSwitch-GX incorporates many additional functions that
reduce system cost, increase power supply performance and
design flexibility. A patented high voltage CMOS technology
allows both the high voltage power MOSFET and all the low
voltage control circuitry to be cost effectively integrated onto
a single monolithic chip.
Auto-restart
ICD1
IL < IL(DC)
IL = 190 A
30
IC (mA)
Auto-restart
ICD1
IB
78
Duty Cycle (%)
Like TOPSwitch, TOPSwitch-GX is an integrated switched

mode power supply chip that converts a current at the control
input to a duty cycle at the open drain output of a high voltage
power MOSFET. During normal operation the duty cycle of
the power MOSFET decreases linearly with increasing
CONTROL pin current as shown in Figure 7.
Slope = PWM Gain
IL = 125 A
38
IL < IL(DC)
10
I = 190 A
L
TOP242-5 1.6 2.0

TOP246-9 2.2 2.6
TOP250 2.4 2.7
IC (mA)
5.2
5.8
6.5
6.0
6.6
7.3
Note: For P and G packages IL is replaced with IM.

PI-2633-011502
Figure 7. Relationship of Duty Cycle and Frequency to CONTROL

Pin Current.
The pin can also be used as a remote ON/OFF and a

synchronization input.
The EXTERNAL CURRENT LIMIT (X) pin is usually used to
reduce the current limit externally to a value close to the operating
peak current, by connecting the pin to SOURCE through a resistor.
This pin can also be used as a remote ON/OFF and a
synchronization input in both modes. See Table 2 and Figure 11.
For the P or G packages the LINE-SENSE and EXTERNAL
CURRENT LIMIT pin functions are combined on one MULTIFUNCTION (M) pin. However, some of the functions become
mutually exclusive as shown in Table 3.
The FREQUENCY (F) pin in the Y, R or F package sets the
switching frequency to the default value of 132 kHz when
connected to SOURCE pin. A half frequency option of 66 kHz
can be chosen by connecting this pin to CONTROL pin
instead. Leaving this pin open is not recommended.
K
9/03
TOP242-250
CONTROL (C) Pin Operation
The CONTROL pin is a low impedance node that is capable of
receiving a combined supply and feedback current. During
normal operation, a shunt regulator is used to separate the
feedback signal from the supply current. CONTROL pin
voltage VC is the supply voltage for the control circuitry
including the MOSFET gate driver. An external bypass
capacitor closely connected between the CONTROL and
SOURCE pins is required to supply the instantaneous gate drive
current. The total amount of capacitance connected to this pin
also sets the auto-restart timing as well as control loop
compensation.
voltage of 5.8 V, current in excess of the consumption of the

chip is shunted to SOURCE through resistor RE as shown in
Figure 2. This current flowing through RE controls the duty
cycle of the power MOSFET to provide closed loop regulation.
The shunt regulator has a finite low output impedance ZC that
sets the gain of the error amplifier when used in a primary
feedback configuration. The dynamic impedance ZC of the
CONTROL pin together with the external CONTROL pin
capacitance sets the dominant pole for the control loop.
When a fault condition such as an open loop or shorted output
prevents the flow of an external current into the CONTROL
pin, the capacitor on the CONTROL pin discharges towards
4.8 V. At 4.8 V, auto-restart is activated which turns the output
MOSFET off and puts the control circuitry in a low current
standby mode. The high-voltage current source turns on and
charges the external capacitance again. A hysteretic internal
supply under-voltage comparator keeps VC within a window
of typically 4.8 V to 5.8 V by turning the high-voltage current
source on and off as shown in Figure 8. The auto-restart
circuit has a divide-by-eight counter which prevents the output
MOSFET from turning on again until eight discharge/charge
cycles have elapsed. This is accomplished by enabling the
output MOSFET only when the divide-by-eight counter reaches
full count (S7). The counter effectively limits TOPSwitch-GX
power dissipation by reducing the auto-restart duty cycle to
typically 4%. Auto-restart mode continues until output
voltage regulation is again achieved through closure of the
feedback loop.
When rectified DC high voltage is applied to the DRAIN pin

during start-up, the MOSFET is initially off, and the
CONTROL pin capacitor is charged through a switched high
voltage current source connected internally between the DRAIN
and CONTROL pins. When the CONTROL pin voltage VC
reaches approximately 5.8 V, the control circuitry is activated
and the soft-start begins. The soft-start circuit gradually
increases the duty cycle of the MOSFET from zero to the
maximum value over approximately 10 ms. If no external
feedback/supply current is fed into the CONTROL pin by the
end of the soft-start, the high voltage current source is turned
off and the CONTROL pin will start discharging in response
to the supply current drawn by the control circuitry. If the
power supply is designed properly, and no fault condition such
as open loop or shorted output exists, the feedback loop will
close, providing external CONTROL pin current, before the
CONTROL pin voltage has had a chance to discharge to the
lower threshold voltage of approximately 4.8 V (internal supply
under-voltage lockout threshold). When the externally fed
current charges the CONTROL pin to the shunt regulator

1
Data Sheets
Application Notes
Design Ideas
Oscillator and Switching Frequency

The internal oscillator linearly charges and discharges an
internal capacitance between two voltage levels to create a
Design Tools
~
~
~
~
Package Information
~
~
VUV
~
~
~
~
VLINE
0V
S6
S7
S0
S2
S6
S0
S7
S1
S7
S7
5.8 V
4.8 V
~
~
VOUT
~
~

~
~
~
~
0V
Note: S0 through S7 are the output states of the auto-restart counter
Figure 8. Typical Waveforms for (1) Power Up (2) Normal Operation (3) Auto-restart (4) Power Down.
K
9/03
S6
0V
S2
~
~
VDRAIN
S1
~
~
S2
~
~
0V
S1
~
~
S0
~
~
S7
VC
4
PI-2545-082299
sawtooth waveform for the pulse width modulator. This

oscillator sets the pulse width modulator/current limit latch at
the beginning of each cycle.
The nominal switching frequency of 132 kHz was chosen to
minimize transformer size while keeping the fundamental EMI
frequency below 150 kHz. The FREQUENCY pin (available
only in Y, R or F package), when shorted to the CONTROL
pin, lowers the switching frequency to 66 kHz (half frequency)
which may be preferable in some cases such as noise sensitive
video applications or a high efficiency standby mode.
Otherwise, the FREQUENCY pin should be connected to the
SOURCE pin for the default 132 kHz.
To further reduce the EMI level, the switching frequency is jittered
(frequency modulated) by approximately 4 kHz at
250 Hz (typical) rate as shown in Figure 9. Figure 46 shows the
typical improvement of EMI measurements with frequency jitter.
Pulse Width Modulator and Maximum Duty Cycle
The pulse width modulator implements voltage mode control
by driving the output MOSFET with a duty cycle inversely
proportional to the current into the CONTROL pin that is in
excess of the internal supply current of the chip (see Figure 7).
The excess current is the feedback error signal that appears
across RE (see Figure 2). This signal is filtered by an RC
network with a typical corner frequency of 7 kHz to reduce the
effect of switching noise in the chip supply current generated
by the MOSFET gate driver. The filtered error signal is
compared with the internal oscillator sawtooth waveform to
generate the duty cycle waveform. As the control current
increases, the duty cycle decreases. A clock signal from the
oscillator sets a latch which turns on the output MOSFET. The
pulse width modulator resets the latch, turning off the output
MOSFET. Note that a minimum current must be driven into
the CONTROL pin before the duty cycle begins to change.
The maximum duty cycle, DCMAX, is set at a default maximum
value of 78% (typical). However, by connecting the LINESENSE or MULTI-FUNCTION pin (depending on the
package) to the rectified DC high voltage bus through a
resistor with appropriate value, the maximum duty cycle can
be made to decrease from 78% to 38% (typical) as shown in
Figure 11 when input line voltage increases (see line feed
forward with DCMAX reduction).
Light Load Frequency Reduction
The pulse width modulator duty cycle reduces as the load at
the power supply output decreases. This reduction in duty cycle
is proportional to the current flowing into the CONTROL pin.
As the CONTROL pin current increases, the duty cycle
decreases linearly towards a duty cycle of 10%. Below 10%
duty cycle, to maintain high efficiency at light loads, the
frequency is also reduced linearly until a minimum frequency
is reached at a duty cycle of 0% (refer to Figure 7). The
PI-2550-092499
TOP242-250
136 kHz
Switching
Frequency
128 kHz
4 ms
VDRAIN
Time
Figure 9. Switching Frequency Jitter (Idealized VDRAIN Waveform).
minimum frequency is typically 30 kHz and 15 kHz for

132 kHz and 66 kHz operation, respectively.
This feature allows a power supply to operate at lower
frequency at light loads thus lowering the switching losses while
maintaining good cross regulation performance and low
output ripple.
Error Amplifier
The shunt regulator can also perform the function of an error
amplifier in primary side feedback applications. The shunt
regulator voltage is accurately derived from a temperaturecompensated bandgap reference. The gain of the error amplifier
is set by the CONTROL pin dynamic impedance. The
CONTROL pin clamps external circuit signals to the VC
voltage level. The CONTROL pin current in excess of the
supply current is separated by the shunt regulator and flows
through RE as a voltage error signal.
On-chip Current Limit with External Programmability
The cycle-by-cycle peak drain current limit circuit uses the output
MOSFET ON-resistance as a sense resistor. A current limit
comparator compares the output MOSFET on-state drain to
source voltage, VDS(ON) with a threshold voltage. High drain
current causes VDS(ON) to exceed the threshold voltage and turns
the output MOSFET off until the start of the next clock cycle.
The current limit comparator threshold voltage is temperature
compensated to minimize the variation of the current limit due to
temperature related changes in RDS(ON) of the output MOSFET.
The default current limit of TOPSwitch-GX is preset internally.
However, with a resistor connected between EXTERNAL
CURRENT LIMIT (X) pin (Y, R or F package) or MULTIFUNCTION (M) pin (P or G package) and SOURCE pin,
current limit can be programmed externally to a lower level
between 30% and 100% of the default current limit. Please refer
to the graphs in the typical performance characteristics section
for the selection of the resistor value. By setting current limit
low, a larger TOPSwitch-GX than necessary for the power
required can be used to take advantage of the lower RDS(ON) for
higher efficiency/smaller heat sinking requirements. With a
second resistor connected between the EXTERNAL
K
9/03
TOP242-250
CURRENT LIMIT (X) pin (Y, R or F package) or MULTIFUNCTION (M) pin (P or G package) and the rectified DC
high voltage bus, the current limit is reduced with increasing
line voltage, allowing a true power limiting operation against
line variation to be implemented. When using an RCD clamp,
this power limiting technique reduces maximum clamp
voltage at high line. This allows for higher reflected voltage
designs as well as reducing clamp dissipation.
The leading edge blanking circuit inhibits the current limit
comparator for a short time after the output MOSFET is turned
on. The leading edge blanking time has been set so that, if a
power supply is designed properly, current spikes caused by
primary-side capacitances and secondary-side rectifier reverse
recovery time should not cause premature termination of the
switching pulse.
input voltage operating range (UV low threshold). If the UV

low threshold is reached during operation without the power
supply losing regulation the device will turn off and stay off
until UV (high threshold) has been reached again. If the power
supply loses regulation before reaching the UV low threshold,
the device will enter auto-restart. At the end of each autorestart cycle (S7), the UV comparator is enabled. If the UV high
threshold is not exceeded the MOSFET will be disabled during
the next cycle (see Figure 8). The UV feature can be disabled
independent of OV feature as shown in Figures 19 and 23.
The current limit is lower for a short period after the leading
edge blanking time as shown in Figure 52. This is due to
dynamic characteristics of the MOSFET. To avoid triggering
the current limit in normal operation, the drain current
waveform should stay within the envelope shown.
Line Overvoltage Shutdown (OV)

The same resistor used for UV also sets an overvoltage threshold
which, once exceeded, will force TOPSwitch-GX output into
off-state. The ratio of OV and UV thresholds is preset at 4.5 as
can be seen in Figure 11. When the MOSFET is off, the rectified
DC high voltage surge capability is increased to the voltage
rating of the MOSFET (700 V), due to the absence of the
reflected voltage and leakage spikes on the drain. A small
amount of hysteresis is provided on the OV threshold to
prevent noise triggering. The OV feature can be disabled
independent of the UV feature as shown in Figures 18 and 32.
Line Under-Voltage Detection (UV)

At power up, UV keeps TOPSwitch-GX off until the input line
voltage reaches the under voltage threshold. At power down,
UV prevents auto-restart attempts after the output goes out of
regulation. This eliminates power down glitches caused by
the slow discharge of large input storage capacitor present in
applications such as standby supplies. A single resistor
connected from the LINE-SENSE pin (Y, R or F package) or
MULTI-FUNCTION pin (P or G package) to the rectified DC
high voltage bus sets UV threshold during power up. Once the
power supply is successfully turned on, the UV threshold is
lowered to 40% of the initial UV threshold to allow extended
Line Feed Forward with DCMAX Reduction

The same resistor used for UV and OV also implements line
voltage feed forward which minimizes output line ripple and
reduces power supply output sensitivity to line transients. This
feed forward operation is illustrated in Figure 7 by the
different values of IL (Y, R or F package) or IM (P or G Package).
Note that for the same CONTROL pin current, higher line
voltage results in smaller operating duty cycle. As an added
feature, the maximum duty cycle DCMAX is also reduced from
78% (typical) at a voltage slightly higher than the UV threshold
to 30% (typical) at the OV threshold (see Figure 11).
Limiting DC MAX at higher line voltages helps prevent

Data Sheets
Application Notes
Design Ideas
Design Tools
Package Information
Oscillator
(SAW)
DMAX

Enable from
X, L or M Pin (STOP)
Sales Representatives and Distributors

11
Time
PI-2637-060600
Figure 10. Synchronization Timing Diagram.
K
9/03
TOP242-250
transformer saturation due to large load transients in forward
converter applications. DCMAX of 38% at the OV threshold was
chosen to ensure that the power capability of the
TOPSwitch-GX is not restricted by this feature under normal
operation.
Remote ON/OFF and Synchronization
TOPSwitch-GX can be turned on or off by controlling the current
into the LINE-SENSE pin or out from the EXTERNAL
CURRENT LIMIT pin (Y, R or F package) and into or out from
the MULTI-FUNCTION pin (P or G package) (see Figure 11).
In addition, the LINE-SENSE pin has a 1 V threshold comparator
connected at its input. This voltage threshold can also be used to
perform remote ON/OFF control. This allows easy
implementation of remote ON/OFF control of TOPSwitch-GX in
several different ways. A transistor or an optocoupler output
connected between the EXTERNAL CURRENT LIMIT or LINESENSE pins (Y, R or F package) or the MULTI-FUNCTION pin
(P or G package) and the SOURCE pin implements this function
with active-on (Figures 22, 29 and 36) while a transistor or an
optocoupler output connected between the LINE-SENSE pin
(Y, R or F package) or the MULTI-FUNCTION (P or G package)
pin and the CONTROL pin implements the function with
active-off (Figures 23 and 37).
When a signal is received at the LINE-SENSE pin or the
EXTERNAL CURRENT LIMIT pin (Y, R or F package) or
the MULTI-FUNCTION pin (P or G package) to disable the
output through any of the pin functions such as OV, UV and
remote ON/OFF, TOPSwitch-GX always completes its current
switching cycle, as illustrated in Figure 10, before the output is
forced off. The internal oscillator is stopped slightly before the
end of the current cycle and stays there as long as the disable
signal exists. When the signal at the above pins changes state
from disable to enable, the internal oscillator starts the next
switching cycle. This approach allows the use of these pins to
synchronize TOPSwitch-GX to any external signal with a
frequency between its internal switching frequency and 20 kHz.
As seen above, the remote ON/OFF feature allows the
TOPSwitch-GX to be turned on and off instantly, on a cycleby-cycle basis, with very little delay. However, remote
ON/OFF can also be used as a standby or power switch to turn
off the TOPSwitch-GX and keep it in a very low power
consumption state for indefinitely long periods. If the
TOPSwitch-GX is held in remote off state for long enough time
to allow the CONTROL pin to discharge to the internal
supply under-voltage threshold of 4.8 V (approximately 32 ms
for a 47 F CONTROL pin capacitance), the CONTROL pin
goes into the hysteretic mode of regulation. In this mode, the
CONTROL pin goes through alternate charge and discharge
cycles between 4.8 V and 5.8 V (see CONTROL pin operation
section above) and runs entirely off the high voltage DC input,
but with very low power consumption (160 mW typical at

230 VAC with M or X pins open). When the TOPSwitch-GX is
remotely turned on after entering this mode, it will initiate a
normal start-up sequence with soft-start the next time the
CONTROL pin reaches 5.8 V. In the worst case, the delay from
remote on to start-up can be equal to the full discharge/charge
cycle time of the CONTROL pin, which is approximately
125 ms for a 47 F CONTROL pin capacitor. This
reduced consumption remote off mode can eliminate
expensive and unreliable in-line mechanical switches. It also
allows for microprocessor controlled turn-on and turn-off
sequences that may be required in certain applications such as
inkjet and laser printers.
Soft-Start
Two on-chip soft-start functions are activated at start-up with
a duration of 10 ms (typical). Maximum duty cycle starts from
0% and linearly increases to the default maximum of 78% at
the end of the 10 ms duration and the current limit starts from
about 85% and linearly increases to 100% at the end of the
10ms duration. In addition to start-up, soft-start is also
activated at each restart attempt during auto-restart and when
restarting after being in hysteretic regulation of CONTROL
pin voltage (VC), due to remote off or thermal shutdown
conditions. This effectively minimizes current and voltage
stresses on the output MOSFET, the clamp circuit and the
output rectifier during start-up. This feature also helps
minimize output overshoot and prevents saturation of the
transformer during start-up.
Shutdown/Auto-Restart
To minimize TOPSwitch-GX power dissipation under fault
conditions, the shutdown/auto-restart circuit turns the power
supply on and off at an auto-restart duty cycle of typically 4%
if an out of regulation condition persists. Loss of regulation
interrupts the external current into the CONTROL pin. VC
regulation changes from shunt mode to the hysteretic autorestart mode as described in CONTROL pin operation section.
When the fault condition is removed, the power supply output
becomes regulated, VC regulation returns to shunt mode, and
normal operation of the power supply resumes.
Hysteretic Over-Temperature Protection
Temperature protection is provided by a precision analog
circuit that turns the output MOSFET off when the junction
temperature exceeds the thermal shutdown temperature
(140 C typical). When the junction temperature cools to
below the hysteretic temperature, normal operation resumes
providing automatic recovery. A large hysteresis of 70 C
(typical) is provided to prevent overheating of the PC board
due to a continuous fault condition. VC is regulated in hysteretic
mode and a 4.8 V to 5.8 V (typical) sawtooth waveform is
present on the CONTROL pin while in thermal shutdown.
K
9/03
TOP242-250
Bandgap Reference
All critical TOPSwitch-GX internal voltages are derived from
a temperature-compensated bandgap reference. This reference
is also used to generate a temperature-compensated current
reference which is trimmed to accurately set the switching
frequency, MOSFET gate drive current, current limit, and the
line OV/UV thresholds. TOPSwitch-GX has improved circuitry
to maintain all of the above critical parameters within very tight
absolute and temperature tolerances.
shorting the FREQUENCY pin to the CONTROL pin

(Figure 14). In addition, an example circuit shown in Figure 15
may be used to lower the switching frequency from 132 kHz in
normal operation to 66 kHz in standby mode for very low standby
power consumption.
LINE-SENSE (L) Pin Operation (Y, R and F Packages)
When current is fed into the LINE-SENSE pin, it works as a
voltage source of approximately 2.6 V up to a maximum
current of +400 A (typical). At +400 A, this pin turns into a
constant current sink. Refer to Figure 12a. In addition, a
comparator with a threshold of 1 V is connected at the pin and is
used to detect when the pin is shorted to the SOURCE pin.
High-Voltage Bias Current Source

This current source biases TOPSwitch-GX from the DRAIN
pin and charges the CONTROL pin external capacitance
during start-up or hysteretic operation. Hysteretic operation
occurs during auto-restart, remote off and over-temperature
shutdown. In this mode of operation, the current source is
switched on and off with an effective duty cycle of
approximately 35%. This duty cycle is determined by the ratio
of CONTROL pin charge (IC) and discharge currents (ICD1 and
I CD2). This current source is turned off during normal
operation when the output MOSFET is switching. The effect
of the current source switching will be seen on the DRAIN
voltage waveform as small disturbances and is normal.
There are a total of four functions available through the use of the
LINE-SENSE pin: OV, UV, line feed-forward with DCMAX
reduction, and remote ON/OFF. Connecting the LINE-SENSE
pin to the SOURCE pin disables all four functions. The LINESENSE pin is typically used for line sensing by connecting a
resistor from this pin to the rectified DC high voltage bus to
implement OV, UV and DCMAX reduction with line voltage. In
this mode, the value of the resistor determines the line OV/UV
thresholds, and the DCMAX is reduced linearly with rectified DC
high voltage starting from just above the UV threshold. The pin
can also be used as a remote ON/OFF and a synchronization input.
Refer to Table 2 for possible combinations of the functions with
example circuits shown in Figure 16 through Figure 40. A
description of specific functions in terms of the LINE-SENSE
pin I/V characteristic is shown in Figure 11 (right hand side).
The horizontal axis represents LINE-SENSE pin current with
positive polarity indicating currents flowing into the pin. The
meaning of the vertical axes varies with functions. For those
that control the on/off states of the output such as UV, OV and
remote ON/OFF, the vertical axis represents the enable/
disable states of the output. UV triggers at IUV (+50 A typical

Data Sheets
Application Notes
Design Ideas
Design Tools
LINE-SENSE AND EXTERNAL CURRENT LIMIT

PIN TABLE*
Package
Information
Using Feature Pins

FREQUENCY (F) Pin Operation
The FREQUENCY pin is a digital input pin available in the
Y, R or F package only. Shorting the FREQUENCY pin to
SOURCE pin selects the nominal switching frequency of
132 kHz (Figure 13) which is suited for most applications. For
other cases that may benefit from lower switching
frequency such as noise sensitive video applications, a 66 kHz
switching frequency (half frequency) can be selected by
Figure Number
Three Terminal Operation

Under-Voltage
Overvoltage
Line Feed-Forward (DCMAX)
Overload Power Limiting
External Current Limit
Remote ON/OFF
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
LinkSwitch
& TinySwitch-II AC-DC
Seminar
and
Distributors
11
Table 2. Typical LINE-SENSE and EXTERNAL CURRENT LIMIT Pin Configurations.
K
9/03
TOPSwitch-GX
AC-DC Seminar 10
*This table is only a partial list of many LINE-SENSE and EXTERNAL CURRENT LIMIT pin configurations that are possible.
10
29
TOP242-250
with 30 A hysteresis) and OV triggers at IOV (+225 A
typical with 8 A hysteresis). Between the UV and OV
thresholds, the output is enabled. For line feed-forward with
DCMAX reduction, the vertical axis represents the magnitude of
the DCMAX. Line feed-forward with DCMAX reduction lowers
maximum duty cycle from 78% at IL(DC) (+60 A typical) to
38% at IOV (+225 A).
MULTI-FUNCTION (M) Pin Operation (P and G Packages)

The LINE-SENSE and EXTERNAL CURRENT LIMIT pin
functions are combined to a single MULTI-FUNCTION pin
for P and G packages. The comparator with a 1 V threshold at
the LINE-SENSE pin is removed in this case as shown in Figure
2b. All of the other functions are kept intact. However, since
some of the functions require opposite polarity of input current
(MULTI-FUNCTION pin), they are mutually exclusive. For
example, line sensing features cannot be used simultaneously
with external current limit setting. When current is fed into
the MULTI-FUNCTION pin, it works as a voltage source of
approximately 2.6 V up to a maximum current of +400 A
(typical). At +400 A, this pin turns into a constant current
sink. When current is drawn out of the MULTI-FUNCTION
pin, it works as a voltage source of approximately 1.3 V up to
a maximum current of -240 A (typical). At -240 A, it turns
into a constant current source. Refer to Figure 12b.
EXTERNAL CURRENT LIMIT (X) Pin Operation

(Y, R and F Packages)
When current is drawn out of the EXTERNAL CURRENT
LIMIT pin, it works as a voltage source of approximately
1.3 V up to a maximum current of -240 A (typical). At
-240 A, it turns into a constant current source (refer to
Figure 12a).
There are two functions available through the use of the
EXTERNAL CURRENT LIMIT pin: external current limit
and remote ON/OFF. Connecting the EXTERNAL CURRENT
LIMIT pin and SOURCE pin disables the two functions. In
high efficiency applications this pin can be used to reduce the
current limit externally to a value close to the operating peak
current, by connecting the pin to the SOURCE pin through a
resistor. The pin can also be used for remote ON/OFF. Table 2
shows several possible combinations using this pin. See
Figure 11 for a description of the functions where the horizontal
axis (left hand side) represents the EXTERNAL CURRENT
LIMIT pin current. The meaning of the vertical axes varies
with function. For those that control the ON/OFF states of the
output such as remote ON/OFF, the vertical axis represents the
enable/disable states of the output. For external current limit,
the vertical axis represents the magnitude of the ILIMIT. Please
see graphs in the Typical Performance Characteristics section
for the current limit programming range and the selection of
appropriate resistor value.
There are a total of five functions available through the use of

the MULTI-FUNCTION pin: OV, UV, line feed-forward with
DCMAX reduction, external current limit and remote ON/OFF.
A short circuit between the MULTI-FUNCTION pin and
SOURCE pin disables all five functions and forces
TOPSwitch-GX to operate in a simple three terminal mode like
TOPSwitch-II. The MULTI-FUNCTION pin is typically used
for line sensing by connecting a resistor from this pin to the
rectified DC high voltage bus to implement OV, UV and DCMAX
reduction with line voltage. In this mode, the value of the
resistor determines the line OV/UV thresholds, and the DCMAX
is reduced linearly with increasing rectified DC high voltage
starting from just above the UV threshold. External current
limit programming is implemented by connecting the MULTIFUNCTION pin to the SOURCE pin through a resistor.
However, this function is not necessary in most applications
since the internal current limit of the P and G package devices
has been reduced, compared to the Y, R and F package devices,
to match the thermal dissipation capability of the P and G
MULTI-FUNCTION PIN TABLE*
Figure Number
31
32
Under-Voltage
Overvoltage
Line Feed-Forward (DCMAX)
Three Terminal Operation
30
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Overload Power Limiting

Remote ON/OFF
*This table is only a partial list of many MULTI-FUNCTION pin configurations that are possible.
Table 3. Typical MULTI-FUNCTION Pin Configurations.

K
9/03
11
TOP242-250
M Pin
X Pin
L Pin
IREM(N)
IOV
IUV
(Enabled)
Output
MOSFET
Switching
(Disabled)
Disabled when supply
output goes out of
regulation
ILIMIT (Default)
Current
Limit

I
DCMAX (78.5%)
Data Sheets
I
Application Notes
Design Ideas
Design Tools
Maximum
Duty Cycle
-22 A
-27 A
VBG + VTP
VBG
Pin Voltage
-250
-200
-150
-100
-50
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
X and L Pins (Y, R or F Package) and M Pin (P or G Package) Current (A)
Package Information
Note: This figure provides idealized functional characteristics with typical performance values. Please refer to the parametric
table and typical performance characteristics sections of the data sheet for measured data.
PI-2636-010802
Figure 11. MULTI-FUNCTION (P or G package), LINE-SENSE, and EXTERNAL CURRENT LIMIT (Y, R or F package) Pin Characteristics.
packages. It is therefore recommended that the MULTIFUNCTION pin is used for line sensing as described above
and not for external current limit reduction. The same pin can
also be used as a remote ON/OFF and a synchronization input
in both modes. Please refer to Table 3 for possible combinations
of the functions with example circuits shown in Figure 30
through Figure 40. A description of specific functions in terms
of the MULTI-FUNCTION pin I/V characteristic is shown in
Figure 11. The horizontal axis represents MULTI-FUNCTION
pin current with positive polarity indicating currents flowing
into the pin. The meaning of the vertical axes varies with
functions. For those that control the ON/OFF states of the output
such as UV, OV and remote ON/OFF, the vertical axis represents
the enable/disable states of the output. UV triggers at IUV
(+50 A typical) and OV triggers

at I (+225
A typical with
LinkSwitch & TinySwitch-II
AC-DC
Seminar
OV
30 A hysteresis). Between the UV and OV thresholds, the

output is enabled. For external current limit and line feedforward with DCMAX reduction, the vertical axis represents the
magnitude of the ILIMIT and DCMAX. Line feed-forward with
DCMAX reduction lowers maximum duty cycle from 78% at
IM(DC) (+60 A typical) to 38% at IOV (+225 A). External
current limit is available only with negative MULTIFUNCTION pin current. Please see graphs in the Typical
Performance Characteristics section for the current limit
programming range and the selection of appropriate resistor
value.
8
9
12
K
9/03
TOP242-250
Y, R and F Package
CONTROL Pin
TOPSwitch-GX
240 A
(Negative Current Sense - ON/OFF,

Current Limit Adjustment)
VBG + VT
EXTERNAL CURRENT LIMIT (X)
(Voltage Sense)
LINE-SENSE (L)
VBG
1V
(Positive Current Sense - Under-Voltage,
Overvoltage, ON/OFF Maximum Duty
Cycle Reduction)
400 A
PI-2634-010802
Figure 12a. LINE-SENSE (L), and EXTERNAL CURRENT LIMIT (X) Pin Input Simplified Schematic.
P and G Package
CONTROL Pin
TOPSwitch-GX
240 A
(Negative Current Sense - ON/OFF,

Current Limit Adjustment)
VBG + VT
MULTI-FUNCTION (M)
VBG
(Positive Current Sense - Under-Voltage,
Overvoltage, Maximum Duty
Cycle Reduction)
400 A
PI-2548-092399
Figure 12b. MULTI-FUNCTION (M) Pin Input Simplified Schematic.
K
9/03
13
TOP242-250
Typical Uses of FREQUENCY (F) Pin
DC
Input
Voltage
DC
Input
Voltage
D
CONTROL
C
S
D
CONTROL
C
S
PI-2655-071700
PI-2654-071700
General Figure
Information
& Table of Contents
14. Half Frequency Operation (66 kHz).
Figure 13. Full Frequency Operation (132 kHz).
Data Sheets
Application Notes
Design Ideas
Design Tools

Figure 15. Half Frequency Standby Mode (For High Standby
PI-2656-040501
Package Information
QS can be an optocoupler output.
DC
Input
Voltage
D
CONTROL
C
S
RHF
20 k
STANDBY
F
QS
47 k
1 nF
Efficiency).

14
K
9/03
TOP242-250
Typical Uses of LINE-SENSE (L) and EXTERNAL CURRENT LIMIT (X) Pins
+
CLXS F
VUV = IUV x RLS

VOV = IOV x RLS
RLS
2 M
DC
Input
Voltage
DC
Input
Voltage
L
C S
CONTROL
DCMAX@100 VDC = 78%

DCMAX@375 VDC = 38%
CONTROL
For RLS = 2 M
VUV = 100 VDC
VOV = 450 VDC
PI-2618-081403
PI-2617-050100
Figure 16. Three Terminal Operation (LINE-SENSE and

EXTERNAL CURRENT LIMIT Features Disabled.
FREQUENCY Pin Tied to SOURCE or CONTROL Pin).
Figure 17. Line-Sensing for Under-Voltage, Overvoltage and

Line Feed-Forward.
+
VUV = RLS x IUV
2 M
RLS
DC
Input
Voltage
For Value Shown

VUV = 100 VDC
30 k
1N4148
CONTROL
CONTROL
6.2 V
For Values Shown

VOV = 450 VDC
RLS
DC
Input
Voltage
22 k
VOV = IOV x RLS
2 M
PI-2620-040501
PI-2510-040501
Figure 18. Line-Sensing for Under-Voltage Only (Overvoltage

Disabled).
For RIL = 12 k
ILIMIT = 69%
Figure 19. Line-Sensing for Overvoltage Only (Under-Voltage

Disabled). Maximum Duty Cycle Reduced at Low Line
and Further Reduction with Increasing Line Voltage.
ILIMIT = 100% @ 100 VDC

ILIMIT = 63% @ 300 VDC
RLS
2.5 M
For RIL = 25 k
ILIMIT = 43%
DC
Input
Voltage
D
CONTROL
C
S
See Figure 54b for

(RIL)
DC
Input
Voltage
D
CONTROL
C
S
X
RIL
X
RIL
6 k
PI-2624-040501
PI-2623-092303
Figure 20. Externally Set Current Limit.
Figure 21. Current Limit Reduction with Line Voltage.
K
9/03
15
TOP242-250
Typical Uses of LINE-SENSE (L) and EXTERNAL CURRENT LIMIT (X) Pins (cont.)
+
QR can be an optocoupler
output or can be replaced by
a manual switch.
QR can be an
optocoupler output or
can be replaced
by a manual switch.
+
QR
ON/OFF
RMC
47 k
DC
Input
Voltage
DC
Input
Voltage
D
CONTROL
45 k
L
CONTROL
X
ON/OFF
QR
47 k
PI-2621-040501
PI-2625-040501
General Figure
Information
& Table of Contents
23. Active-off Remote ON/OFF. Maximum Duty Cycle
Figure 22. Active-on (Fail Safe) Remote ON/OFF.
Reduced.
output or can be replaced
by a manual switch.
DC
Input
Voltage
For RIL = 12 k
ILIMIT = 69%
D
For RIL = 25 k
ILIMIT = 43%
CONTROL
C
S
Q can be an
Dataoptocoupler
Sheets
output
+
ON/OFF
Application Notes
45 k
DC
Input
Voltage
QR
ON/OFF
47 k
Design Ideas
Design Tools
PI-2627-040501
Package Information
+
RLS
=I xR
+
DPA-Switch
DC-DCVVSeminar
=I xR
2 M
by a manual switch.
RIL
Figure 25. Active-off Remote ON/OFF with Externally Set Current

Limit.
2 M
VUV = 100 VDC

VOV = 450 VDC
L
DC
Input
Voltage
LS
DCMAX@100 VDC = 78%

DCMAX@375 VDC = 38%

by a manual switch.
CONTROL
IL
ILIMIT = 69%
S

RIL
PI-2622-040501
Figure 26. Active-off Remote ON/OFF with LINE-SENSE.
K
9/03
LS
OV
TOPSwitch-GX AC-DC Seminar

10
For R = 12 k
CONTROL
16
UV
OV
LS
47 k
UV
For R = 2 M & TinySwitch-II AC-DC Seminar

LinkSwitch
Q can be an optocoupler
ON/OFF
RLS
QR
DC
Input
Voltage
CONTROL
PI-2626-040501
Figure 24. Active-on Remote ON/OFF with Externally Set Current

Limit.
or can be replaced
by a manual switch.
RMC
47 k
X
RIL
QR
QR
ON/OFF
47 k
PI-2628-040501
Figure 27. Active-on Remote ON/OFF with LINE-SENSE and

EXTERNAL CURRENT LIMIT.
TOP242-250
PI-2629-092203
Typical Uses of LINE-SENSE (L) and EXTERNAL CURRENT LIMIT (X) Pins (cont.)
VUV = IUV x RLS
VOV = IOV x RLS
DC
Input
Voltage
For RLS = 2 M
2 M
RLS
VUV = 100 VDC

VOV = 450 VDC
DC
Input
Voltage
DCMAX@100 VDC = 78%

DCMAX@375 VDC = 38%
CONTROL
C
S
For RIL = 12 k
ILIMIT = 69%
300 k
CONTROL
C
S
See Figure 54b for

(RIL) to select different
ILIMIT values
RIL
12 k
output or can be replaced by
a manual switch.
ON/OFF
QR
47 k
PI-2640-040501
Figure 29. Active-on Remote ON/OFF.
Figure 28. Line-Sensing and Externally Set Current Limit.
Typical Uses of MULTI-FUNCTION (M) Pin

+
+
C
VUV = IUV x RLS

VOV = IOV x RLS
M
RLS
D
DC
Input
Voltage
D
DC
Input
Voltage
D
CONTROL
DCMAX@100 VDC = 78%

DCMAX@375 VDC = 38%
M
CONTROL
For RLS = 2 M
VUV = 100 VDC
VOV = 450 VDC
2 M
PI-2508-081199
Figure 30. Three Terminal Operation (MULTI-FUNCTION

Features Disabled).
PI-2509-040501
Figure 31. Line Sensing for Undervoltage, Over-Voltage and

Line Feed-Forward.
+
VUV = RLS x IUV
2 M
RLS
DC
Input
Voltage
For Value Shown

VUV = 100 VDC
30 k
1N4148
D
CONTROL
M
CONTROL
6.2 V
For Values Shown

VOV = 450 VDC
RLS
DC
Input
Voltage
22 k
VOV = IOV x RLS
2 M
PI-2510-040501
Figure 32. Line Sensing for Under-Voltage Only (Overvoltage

Disabled).
S
PI-2516-040501
Figure 33. Line Sensing for Overvoltage Only (Under-Voltage

Disabled). Maximum Duty Cycle Reduced at Low Line
and Further Reduction with Increasing Line Voltage.
K
9/03
17
TOP242-250
Typical Uses of MULTI-FUNCTION (M) Pin (cont.)
+
For RIL = 12 k
ILIMIT = 69%
RLS
For RIL = 25 k
ILIMIT = 43%
DC
Input
Voltage
D
See Figures 54b and

55b for other resistor
values (RIL) to select
different ILIMIT values
M
CONTROL
RIL
DC
Input
Voltage
D
RIL
C
S
ILIMIT = 100% @ 100 VDC

ILIMIT = 63% @ 300 VDC
2.5 M
M
CONTROL
6 k
C
S
PI-2518-040501
PI-2517-092203
General Figure
Information
& Table of Contents
35. Current Limit Reduction with Line Voltage (Not Normally
Figure 34. Externally Set Current Limit (Not Normally RequiredRequired-See M Pin Operation Description).
See M Pin Operation Description).
Q can beSheets
an optocoupler
Data
by a manual switch.
by a manual switch.
Application Notes
QR
DC
Input
Voltage
DC
ON/OFF
Input
47 k
Voltage
D
CONTROL
Design Ideas
45 k
Design Tools
PI-2522-040501
Package Information
ON/OFF
47 k
CONTROL
QR
RMC
PI-2519-040501
Figure 36. Active-on (Fail Safe) Remote ON/OFF.

Figure 37. Active-off Remote ON/OFF. Maximum Duty Cycle
Reduced.

18
K
9/03
TOP242-250
Typical Uses of MULTI-FUNCTION (M) Pin (cont.)
+
by a manual switch.
by a manual switch.
For RIL = 12 k
QR
ILIMIT = 69%
DC
Input
Voltage
DC
Input
Voltage
For RIL = 25 k
RIL
ILIMIT = 43%
ON/OFF
47 k
RMC
CONTROL
RMC = 2RIL
CONTROL
QR
24 k
D
RIL
12 k
ON/OFF
47 k
PI-2520-040501
PI-2521-040501
Figure 38. Active-on Remote ON/OFF with Externally Set

Current Limit (See M Pin Operation Description).
Figure 39. Active-off Remote ON/OFF with Externally Set

Current Limit (See M Pin Operation Description).
by a manual switch.
+
RLS
DC
ON/OFF
Input
47 k
Voltage
D
2 M
QR
For RLS = 2 M
M
CONTROL
VUV = 100 VDC

VOV = 450 VDC
S
PI-2523-040501
Figure 40. Active-off Remote ON/OFF with LINE-SENSE.
K
9/03
19
TOP242-250
provides line sensing, setting UV at 100 VDC and OV at
450 VDC. The extended maximum duty cycle feature of
TOPSwitch-GX (guaranteed minimum value of 75% vs. 64%
for TOPSwitch-II) allows the use of a smaller input capacitor
(C1). The extended maximum duty cycle and the higher
reflected voltage possible with the RCD clamp also permit the
use of a higher primary to secondary turns ratio for T1 which
reduces the peak reverse voltage experienced by the secondary
rectifier D8. As a result a 60 V Schottky rectifier can be used
for up to 15 V outputs, which greatly improves power supply
efficiency. The frequency reduction feature of the
TOPSwitch-GX eliminates the need for any dummy loading
for regulation at no load and reduces the no load/standby
consumption of the power supply. Frequency jitter provides
improved margin for conducted EMI meeting the CISPR 22
(FCC B) specification.
Application Examples
A High Efficiency, 30 W, Universal Input Power Supply
The circuit shown in Figure 41 takes advantage of several of
the TOPSwitch-GX features to reduce system cost and power
supply size and to improve efficiency. This design delivers
30 W at 12 V, from an 85 to 265 VAC input, at an ambient of
50 C, in an open frame configuration. A nominal efficiency
of 80% at full load is achieved using TOP244Y.
The current limit is externally set by resistors R1 and R2 to a
value just above the low line operating peak DRAIN current
of approximately 70% of the default current limit. This allows
use of a smaller transformer core size and/or higher transformer
primary inductance for a given output power, reducing
TOPSwitch-GX power dissipation, while at the same time
avoiding transformer core saturation during startup and output
transient conditions. The resistors R1 & R2 provide a signal
that reduces the current limit with increasing line voltage, which
in turn limits the maximum overload power at high input line
voltage. This function in combination with the built-in softstart feature of TOPSwitch-GX, allows the use of a low cost
RCD clamp (R3, C3 and D1) with a higher reflected voltage,
by safely limiting the TOPSwitch-GX drain voltage, with
adequate margin under worst case conditions. Resistor R4
General Output
Information
& Table of Contents
regulation is achieved by using a simple Zener sense
PERFORMANCE SUMMARY
Output Power:
30 W
Regulation:
4%
Efficiency:
79%
Ripple:
50 mV pk-pk
Data Sheets
Application Notes
Design Ideas
Design
Tools
L3
12 V
3.3 H
C12
C10
C11
Quality
Reliability
220 F
560 F
560and
F
35 V
C14 R15
1 nF 150
@ 2.5 A
R3
68 k
2W
D8
MBR1060
D1
UF4005
C1
68 F
400 V
35 V
RTN
Package Information
D2
1N4148
R4
2 M
1/2 W
L1
20 mH
85-265 VAC
35 V
BR1
600 V
2A
J1
CY1
2.2 nF
C3
4.7 nF
1 kV
CX1
100 nF
250 VAC
circuit for low cost. The output voltage is determined by the

Zener diode (VR2) voltage and the voltage drops across the
optocoupler (U2) LED and resistor R6. Resistor R8 provides
bias current to Zener VR2 for typical regulation of 5% at the
12 V output level, over line and load and component
variations.
R1
4.7 M
1/2 W
T1
R6
150
DPA-Switch
DC-DC150R8
Seminar
C6
0.1 F
F1
3.15 A
TOPSwitch-GX
CONTROL
TOP244Y
R5
TOPSwitch-GX
AC-DC
Seminar 10
6.8
VR2
1N5240C
10 V, 2%
C5
and Distributors 11
47 F
10 V
PI-2657-040501
Figure 41. 30 W Power Supply using External Current Limit Programming and Line Sensing for UV and OV.
20
R2
9.09 k
U2
LTV817A
LinkSwitch
& TinySwitch-II AC-DC Seminar
U1
D
K
9/03
TOP242-250
A High Efficiency, Enclosed, 70 W, Universal Adapter Supply
The circuit shown in figure 42 takes advantage of several of the
TOPSwitch-GX features to reduce cost, power supply size and
increase efficiency. This design delivers 70 W at 19 V, from an
85 to 265 VAC input, at an ambient of 40 C, in a small sealed
adapter case (4 x 2.15 x 1). Full load efficiency is 85% at
85 VAC rising to 90% at 230 VAC input.
damage. Capacitor C11 has been added in parallel with VR1 to

reduce Zener clamp dissipation. With a switching frequency of
132 kHz a PQ26/20 core can be used to provide 70 W. To
maximize efficiency, by reducing winding losses, two output
windings are used each with their own dual 100 V Schottky
rectifier (D2 and D3). The frequency reduction feature of the
TOPSwitch-GX eliminates any dummy loading to maintain
regulation at no-load and reduces the no-load consumption of the
power supply to only 520 mW at 230 VAC input. Frequency
jittering provides conducted EMI meeting the CISPR 22
(FCC B) / EN55022B specification, using simple filter
components (C7, L2, L3 and C6) even with the output earth
grounded.
Due to the thermal environment of a sealed adapter a TOP249Y

is used to minimize device dissipation. Resistors R9 and R10
externally program the current limit level to just above the
operating peak DRAIN current at full load and low line. This
allows the use of a smaller transformer core size without
saturation during startup or output load transients. Resistors R9
and R10 also reduce the current limit with increasing line
voltage, limiting the maximum overload power at high input
line voltage, removing the need for any protection circuitry on
the secondary. Resistor R11 implements an under voltage and
over voltage sense as well as providing line feed forward for
reduced output line frequency ripple. With resistor R11 set at
2 M the power supply does not start operating until the DC rail
voltage reaches 100 VDC. On removal of the AC input the UV
sense prevents the output glitching as C1 discharges,
turning off the TOPSwitch-GX when the output regulation is lost
or when the input voltage falls to below 40 V, whichever
occurs first. This same value of R11 sets the OV threshold to
450 V. If exceeded, for example during a line surge,
TOPSwitch-GX stops switching for the duration of the surge
extending the high voltage withstand to 700 V without device
To regulate the output an optocoupler (U2) is used with a

secondary reference sensing the output voltage via a resistor
divider (U3, R4, R5, R6). Diode D4 and C15 filter and smooth
the output of the bias winding. Capacitor C15 (1F) prevents the
bias voltage from falling during zero to full load transients.
Resistor R8 provides filtering of leakage inductance spikes
keeping the bias voltage constant even at high output loads.
Resistor R7, C9 and C10 together with C5 and R3 provide loop
compensation.
Due to the large primary currents, all the small signal control
components are connected to a separate source node that is Kelvin
connected to the source pin of the TOPSwitch-GX. For improved
common mode surge immunity the bias winding common returns
directly to the DC bulk capacitor (C1).
C7 2.2 nF
C13
C12
C11
0.33 F 0.022 F 0.01 F
400 V
400 V
400 V
Y1 Safety
D3
MBR20100
VR1
P6KE200
BR1
RS805
8A 600 V
85-265 VAC
J1
L
N
D4
1N4148
R11
2 M
1/2 W
C1
150 F
400 V
D
RT1
10
1.7 A
F1
3.15 A
L3
75 H
2A
TOPSwitch-GX
CONTROL
R9
13 M
S
R10
20.5 k
C2
820 F
25 V
TOP249Y
U1
C8
0.1 F
50 V
R3
6.8
C5
47 F
16 V
L1
200 H
C14
0.1 F
50 V
19 V
@ 3.6 A
C4
820 F
25 V
R4
31.6 k
1%
R1
270
U2
PC817A
R8
4.7
T1
PERFORMANCE SUMMARY
Output Power:
70 W
Regulation:
4%
Efficiency:
84%
Ripple:
120 mV pk-pk
No Load Consumption:
< 0.52 W @ 230 VAC
C3
820 F
25 V
D1
UF4006
L2
820 H
2A
C6
0.1 F
X2
D2
MBR20100
RTN
R2
1 k
C15
1 F
50 V
R5
562
C9
1%
4.7 nF 50 V
U3
TL431
R7
56 k
C10
0.1 F
50 V
R6
4.75 k
1%
All resistors 1/8 W 5% unless otherwise stated.

PI-2691-042203
Figure 42. 70 W Power Supply using Current Limit Reduction with Line and Line Sensing for UV and OV.
K
9/03
21
TOP242-250
However, VR1 is essential to limit the peak drain voltage
during start-up and/or overload conditions to below the 700 V
rating of the TOPSwitch-GX MOSFET.
A High Efficiency, 250 W, 250-380 VDC Input Power Supply

The circuit shown in figure 43 delivers 250 W (48 V @ 5.2 A)
at 84% efficiency using a TOP249 from a 250 to 380 VDC
input. DC input is shown, as typically at this power level a
p.f.c. boost stage would preceed this supply, providing the DC
input (C1 is included to provide local decoupling). Flyback
topology is still useable at this power level due to the high
output voltage, keeping the secondary peak currents low enough
so that the output diode and capacitors are reasonably sized.
The secondary is rectifed and smoothed by D2 and C9, C10

and C11. Three capacitors are used to meet the secondary ripple
current requirement. Inductor L2 and C12 provide switching
noise filtering.
A simple Zener sensing chain regulates the output voltage. The
sum of the voltage drop of VR2, VR3 and VR4 plus the LED
drop of U2 gives the desired output voltage. Resistor R6
limits LED current and sets overall control loop DC gain.
Diode D4 and C14 provide secondary soft-finish, feeding
current into the CONTROL pin prior to output regulation and
thus ensuring that the output voltage reaches regulation at startup under low line, full load conditions. Resistor R9 provides a
discharge path for C14. Capacitor C13 and R8 provide control
loop compensation and are required due to the gain associated
with such a high output voltage.
In this example the TOP249 is at the upper limit of its power

capability and the current limit is set to the internal maximum
by connecting the X pin to SOURCE. However, line sensing
is implemented by connecting a 2 M resistor from the L pin
to the DC rail. If the DC input rail rises above 450 VDC, then
TOPSwitch-GX will stop switching until the voltage returns to
normal, preventing device damage.
Due to the high primary current, a low leakage inductance

transformer is essential. Therefore, a sandwich winding with
a copper foil secondary was used. Even with this technique
the leakage inductance energy is beyond the power capability
of a simple Zener clamp. Therefore, R2, R3 and C6 are added
in parallel to VR1. These have been sized such that during
normal operation very little power is dissipated by VR1, the
leakage energy instead being dissipated by R2 and R3.
Sufficient heat sinking is required to keep the TOPSwitch-GX

device below 110 C when operating under full load, low line
and maximum ambient temperature. Airflow may also be
required if a large heat sink area is not acceptable.
C7
2.2 nF Y1
+250 - 380 VDC
VR1
P6KE200
R2
R3
68 k 68 k
2W
2W
C6
4.7 nF
1 kV
D2
MUR1640CT
C9
560 F
63 V
D1
BYV26C
R1
2 M
1/2 W
T1
Data Sheets
Application Notes
Design Ideas
C10
C11
560 F 560 F
63 V
63 V
L2
3 H 8A
48 V @ 5.2 A
Design Tools
C12
68 F
63 V
D2
1N4148
Package Information
R9
10 k
C1
22 F
400 V
TOPSwitch-GX
R6
100
C13
150 nF
63 V
VR2 22 V
BZX79B22
D4
LinkSwitch &TOP249Y
TinySwitch-II AC-DC Seminar
U1
1N4148
D
PERFORMANCE SUMMARY
Output Power:
250 W
Line Regulation:
1%
Load Regulation:
5%
S
Efficiency:
85%
Ripple:
< 100 mV pk-pk
No Load Consumption: 1.4 W (300 VDC)
CONTROL
5
6
RTN
U2
LTV817A
C4
1 F
50 V
7
8
9
R4
TOPSwitch-GX
AC-DC Seminar
10
C14
6.8
VR3 12 V
C3
0.1 F
50 V
C3
47 F
10 V
BZX79B12
R8
56
22 F
63 V
VR4 12 V
and Distributors 11
BZX79B12
0V
All resistor 1/8 W 5% unless

otherwise stated.
Figure 43. 250 W, 48 V Power Supply using TOP249.
22
K
9/03
PI-2692-042203
TOP242-250
Multiple Output, 60 W, 185-265 VAC Input Power Supply
Figure 44 shows a multiple output supply typical for high end
set-top boxes or cable decoders containing high capacity hard
disks for recording. The supply delivers an output power of
45 W cont./60 W peak (thermally limited) from an input
voltage of 185 to 265 VAC. Efficiency at 45 W, 185 VAC is
75%.
The 3.3 V and 5 V outputs are regulated to 5% without the
need for secondary linear regulators. DC stacking (the
secondary winding reference for the other output voltages is
connected to the cathode of D10 rather than the anode) is used
to minimize the voltage error for the higher voltage outputs.
Due to the high ambient operating temperature requirement
typical of a set-top box (60 C) the TOP246Y is used to
reduce conduction losses and minimize heat sink size. Resistor
R2 sets the device current limit to 80% of typical to limit
overload power. The line sense resistor (R1) protects the
TOPSwitch-GX from line surges and transients by sensing when
the DC rail voltage rises to above 450 V. In this condition the
TOPSwitch-GX stops switching, extending the input voltage
withstand to 496 VAC which is ideal for countries with poor
power quality. A thermistor (RT1) is used to prevent
premature failure of the fuse by limiting the inrush current (due
PERFORMANCE SUMMARY
Output Power:
45 W Cont./60 W Peak
Regulation:
3.3 V:
5%
5 V:
5%
12 V:
7%
18 V:
7%
30 V:
8%
Efficiency:
75%
No Load Consumption:
0.6 W
R6
10
D9
UF5402
R1
2 M
1/2 W
185-265 VAC
C14
1000 F
25 V
D10
BYV32-200
D11
MBR1045
TOP246Y
U1
S
D6
1N4148
C8
10 F
50 V
L3
3.3 H
3A
C17
1000 F
25 V
C3
1 F
50 V
C10
100 F
25 V
C12
100 F
25 V
L4
3.3 H
5A
C15
L5
3.3 H 220 F
165
V
5A
U2
LTV817
12 V @
0.6 A
5V@
3.2 A
3.3 V @
3A
RTN
R10
15.0
k
R7
150
T1
18 V @
0.5 A
C18
220 F
16 V
R8
1 k
TOPSwitch-GX
CONTROL
RT1
10
1.7 A
C9
330 F
25 V
D6
1N4937
C1
0.1 F
X1
J1
30 V @
0.03 A
L2
3.3 H
3A
C7
47 F
50 V
C16
C11
C13
390 F 1000 F 1000 F
25 V
35 V
25 V
C2
68 F
400 V
RV1
275 V
14 mm
F1
3.15 A
The secondaries are rectified and smoothed by D7 to D11, C7,

C9, C11, C13, C14, C16 and C17. Diode D11 for the 3.3 V
output is a Schottky diode to maximize efficiency. Diode D10
for the 5 V output is a PN type to center the 5 V output at 5 V.
The 3.3 V and 5 V output require two capacitors in parallel to
meet the ripple current requirement. Switching noise filtering
is provided by L2 to L5 and C8, C10, C12, C15 and C18.
Resistor R6 prevents peak charging of the lightly loaded 30 V
output. The outputs are regulated using a secondary reference
(U3). Both the 3.3 V and 5 V outputs are sensed via R11 and
R10. Resistor R8 provides bias for U3 and R7 sets the overall
DC gain. Resistor R9, C19, R3 and C5 provide loop
compensation. A soft-finish capacitor (C20) eliminates output
overshoot.
D7
UF4003
D8
UF5402
C5
1 nF
400 V
L1
20 mH
0.8A
Leakage inductance clamping is provided by VR1, R5 and C5,

keeping the DRAIN voltage below 700 V under all conditions.
Resistor R5 and capacitor C5 are selected such that VR1
dissipates very little power except during overload conditions.
The frequency jittering feature of TOPSwitch-GX allows the
circuit shown to meet CISPR22B with simple EMI filtering
(C1, L1 and C6) and the output grounded.
C6
2.2 nF
Y1
VR1
R5
P6KE170 68 k
2W
D1-D4
1N4007 V
to the relatively large size of C2). An optional MOV (RV1)

extends the differential surge protection to 6 kV from 4 kV.
R11
9.53
k
C19
R9
3.3 k 0.1 F
C3
0.1 F
50 V
R3
6.8
R2
9.08 k
C5
47 F
10 V
C20
22 F
10 V
U3
TL431
R12
10 k
PI-2693-042203
Figure 44. 60 W Multiple Output Power Supply using TOP246.

K
9/03
23
TOP242-250
Processor Controlled Supply Turn On/Off
A low cost momentary contact switch can be used to turn the
TOPSwitch-GX power on and off under microprocessor
control that may be required in some applications such as
printers. The low power remote off feature allows an elegant
implementation of this function with very few external
components as shown in Figure 45. Whenever the push button
momentary contact switch P1 is closed by the user, the
optocoupler U3 is activated to inform the microprocessor of
this action. Initially, when the power supply is off (M pin is
floating), closing of P1 turns the power supply on by shorting
the M pin of the TOPSwitch-GX to SOURCE through a diode
(remote on). When the secondary output voltage VCC is
established, the microprocessor comes alive and recognizes that
the switch P1 is closed through the switch status input that is
driven by the optocoupler U3 output. The microprocessor then
sends a power supply control signal to hold the power supply
in the on-state through the optocoupler U4. If the user presses
the switch P1 again to command a turn off, the microprocessor
detects this through the optocoupler U3 and initiates a shutdown
procedure that is product specific. For example, in the case of
the inkjet printer, the shutdown procedure may include safely
parking the print heads in the storage position. In the case of

products with a disk drive, the shutdown procedure may include
saving data or settings to the disk. After the shutdown procedure
is complete, when it is safe to turn off the power supply, the
microprocessor releases the M pin by turning the optocoupler
U4 off. If the manual switch and the optocouplers U3 and U4
are not located close to the M pin, a capacitor CM may be needed
to prevent noise coupling to the pin when it is open.
The power supply could also be turned on remotely through a
local area network or a parallel or serial port by driving the
optocoupler U4 input LED with a logic signal. Sometimes it is
easier to send a train of logic pulses through a cable (due to AC
coupling of cable, for example) instead of a DC logic level as
a wake up signal. In this case, a simple RC filter can be used to
generate a DC level to drive U4 (not shown in Figure 45). This
remote on feature can be used to wake up peripherals such as
printers, scanners, external modems, disk drives, etc., as needed
from a computer. Peripherals are usually designed to turn off
automatically if they are not being used for a period of time, to
save power.

Data Sheets
Application Notes
Design Ideas
VCC
(+5 V)
External
Wake-up
Signal
High Voltage
DC Input
Design Tools
100 k
U2
27 k
Power
Supply
ON/OFF
Control
MICRO
PROCESSOR/
CONTROLLER

LOGIC LOGIC
INPUT OUTPUT
1N4148
D
U4
TOPSwitch-GX
CONTROL
U3
5
6
1N4148
6.8 k
Package Information
6.8 k
P1
CM
S
1 nF
U1
47 F

U3
LTV817A
P1 Switch
Status
U4
LTV817A

RETURN
PI-2561-042303
Figure 45. Remote ON/OFF using Microcontroller.
24
K
9/03
TOP242-250
In addition to using a minimum number of components,
TOPSwitch-GX provides many technical advantages in this type
of application:
1. Extremely low power consumption in the off mode: 80 mW
typical at 110 VAC and 160 mW typical at 230 VAC. This
is because in the remote/off mode the TOPSwitch-GX
consumes very little power, and the external circuitry does
not consume any current (either M, L or X pin is open) from
the high voltage DC input.
2. A very low cost, low voltage/current, momentary contact
switch can be used.
3. No debouncing circuitry for the momentary switch is required.
During turn-on, the start-up time of the power supply
(typically 10 to 20 ms) plus the microprocessor initiation
time act as a debouncing filter, allowing a turn-on only if the
switch is depressed firmly for at least the above delay time.
During turn-off, the microprocessor initiates the shutdown
sequence when it detects the first closure of the switch, and

subsequent bouncing of the switch has no effect. If necessary,
the microprocessor could implement the switch debouncing
in software during turn-off, or a filter capacitor can be used
at the switch status input.
4. No external current limiting circuitry is needed for the
operation of the U4 optocoupler output due to internal
limiting of M pin current.
5. No high voltage resistors to the input DC voltage rail are
required to power the external circuitry in the primary. Even
the LED current for U3 can be derived from the CONTROL
pin. This not only saves components and simplifies layout,
but also eliminates the power loss associated with the high
voltage resistors in both on and off states.
6. Robust design: There is no on/off latch that can be accidentally
triggered by transients. Instead, the power supply is held in
the on-state through the secondary side microprocessor.
K
9/03
25
TOP242-250
Key Application Considerations
TOPSwitch-II vs. TOPSwitch-GX
Table 4 compares the features and performance differences
between TOPSwitch-GX and TOPSwitch-II. Many of the new
features eliminate the need for additional discrete components.
Other features increase the robustness of design allowing cost

savings in the transformer and other power components.
Function
TOPSwitch-II
TOPSwitch-GX
Soft-Start
N/A*
10 ms
N/A*
67%
78%
78% to 38%
Line OV Shutdown
Single resistor
programmable
Switching Frequency
Switching Frequency
Option (Y, R and F
Packages)
N/A*
N/A*
Single resistor
programmable
100 kHz 10%

N/A*
24,25,27,
28,34,35,
38,39
Data Sheets
Line Feed Forward with N/A*

DCMAX Reduction
Line UV Detection
Limits peak current and voltage

component stresses during start-up
Eliminates external components
used for soft-start in most
applications
Reduces or eliminates output
overshoot
Smaller transformer
Higher efficiency
Allows power limiting (constant overload power independent of line
voltage
Allows use of larger device for lower
losses, higher efficiency and smaller
heatsink
General
Information
& Table of Contents
Programmable
11,20,21,
100% to 30% of
default current
limit
DCMAX
Figures TOPSwitch-GX Advantages
132 kHz 6%
Smaller input cap (wider dynamic

range)
Higher power capability (when used
with RCD clamp for large VOR)
Allows use of Schottky secondary
rectifier diode for up to 15 V output
for high efficiency
Rejects line ripple
Application Notes
Design Ideas
Design Tools
Quality
Increasesand
voltageReliability
withstand cap-
7,11,17,
26,27,28,
31,40
11,17,19,
26,27,28,
31,33,40
11,17,18,
26,27,28,
31,32,40
13,15
ability against line surge
Package
Information
Prevents auto-restart
glitches
during power down
DPA-Switch
DC-DC
Smaller
transformer Seminar
Below start of conducted EMI limits
Lower losses when using RC and
RCD snubber for noise reduction in
video applications
Allows for higher efficiency in
standby mode
Lower EMI (second harmonic below
150 kHz)
Reduces conducted EMI
66 kHz 7%
14,15
LinkSwitch
& TinySwitch-II
AC-DC Seminar
8
9

Frequency Jitter
Frequency Reduction
N/A*
N/A*
Sales
Representatives
and Distributors 11
4 kHz@132
kHz 9,46
2 kHz@66 kHz
At a Duty Cycle
below 10%
Zero load regulation without dummy

load
Low power consumption at no load
Table 4. Comparison Between TOPSwitch-II and TOPSwitch-GX. (continued on next page) *Not available
26
K
9/03
TOP242-250
Function
Remote ON/OFF
TOPSwitch-II
N/A*
TOPSwitch-GX Figures TOPSwitch-GX Advantages

Single transistor
or optocoupler
interface or manual
switch
11, 22,
23, 24,
25, 26,
27, 29,
36, 37,
38, 39,
40
Synchronization
Thermal Shutdown
N/A*
125 C min.
Latched
Single transistor
or optocoupler
interface
Hysteretic 130 C
min. Shutdown (with
75 C hysteresis)
Fast on/off (cycle by cycle)

Active-on or active-off control
Low consumption in remote off state
Active-on control for fail-safe
Eliminates expensive in-line on/off
switch
Allows processor controlled turn
on/off
Permits shutdown/wake-up of
peripherals via LAN or parallel port
Synchronization to external lower
frequency signal
Starts new switching cycle on
demand
Automatic recovery from thermal
fault
Large hysteresis prevents circuit
board overheating
10% higher power capability due to
tighter tolerance
Current Limit Tolerance 10% (@25 C)

7% (@25 C)
-8% (0 C to100 C) -4% Typical
(0 C to 100 C)**
DRAIN
DIP
Creepage
SMD
at Package
TO-220
DRAIN Creepage at
PCB for Y, R and F
Packages
Greater immunity to arcing as a

result of build-up of dust, debris and
other contaminants
Preformed leads accommodate
large creepage for PCB layout
Easier to meet Safety (UL/VDE)
0.037" / 0.94 mm
0.037" / 0.94 mm
0.046" / 1.17 mm
0.045" / 1.14 mm
(R and F
Package N/A*)
0.137" / 3.48 mm
0.137" / 3.48 mm
0.068" / 1.73 mm
0.113" / 2.87 mm
(preformed leads)
Table 4 (cont). Comparison Between TOPSwitch-II and TOPSwitch-GX. *Not available **Current limit set to internal maximum
TOPSwitch-FX vs. TOPSwitch-GX

Table 5 compares the features and performance differences
between TOPSwitch-GX and TOPSwitch-FX. Many of the new
features eliminate the need for additional discrete components.
Function
TOPSwitch-FX
Light Load Operation
Cycle skipping
Line Sensing/Externally Line sensing and

Set Current Limit
externally set
(Y, R and F Packages) current limit
mutually
exclusive (M pin)
Current Limit
100-40%
Programming
Range
Other features increase the robustness of design allowing cost

savings in the transformer and other power components.
TOPSwitch-GX
Frequency and Duty Cycle
reduction
Line sensing and externally
set current limit possible
simultaneously
(functions split onto
L and X pins)
100-30%
TOPSwitch-GX Advantages
Improves light load efficiency
Reduces no-load consumption
Additional design flexibility allows all
features to be used simultaneously
Minimizes transformer core size

in highly continuous designs
Table 5. Comparison Between TOPSwitch-FX and TOPSwitch-GX. (continued on next page)
K
9/03
27
TOP242-250
Function
TOPSwitch-FX
P/G Package Current

Limits
Identical to Y
packages
TOPSwitch-GX
TOPSwitch-GX Advantages
TOP243-245 P and G
packages internal current
limits reduced
Matches device current limit to

package dissipation capability
Allows more continuous design to
lower device dissipation (lower RMS
currents)
Minimizes transformer core size
Optimizes efficiency for most
applications
Allows higher output powers in
high ambient temperature
applications
Reduces output line frequency
ripple at low line
DMAX reduction optimized for
forward design
Provides a well defined turn-off
threshold as the line voltage falls
Data Sheets
Application Notes
Table 5 (cont). Comparison Between TOPSwitch-FX and TOPSwitch-GX. *Not available
Design Ideas
TOPSwitch-GX Design Considerations
Design Tools
Package Information
Y/R/F Package Current 100% (R and F

Limits
package N/A*)
90% (for equivalent RDS (ON))
Thermal Shutdown
125 C min.
70 C hysteresis
130 C min. 75 C
hysteresis
Maximum Duty Cycle

Reduction Threshold
90 A
60 A
Line Under-Voltage
Negative (turn-off)
Threshold
Soft-Start
N/A*

40% of positive (turn-on)
threshold
10 ms (duty cycle) 10 ms (duty cycle + current

limit)
Power Table
Data sheet power table (Table 1) represents the maximum practical
continuous output power based on the following conditions:
TOP242 to TOP246: 12 V output, Schottky output diode, 150 V
reflected voltage (VOR) and efficiency estimates from curves
contained in application note AN-29. TOP247 to TOP250: Higher
output voltages, with a maximum output current of 6 A.
For all devices, a 100 VDC minimum for 85-265 VAC and
250 VDC minimum for 230 VAC are assumed and sufficient heat
sinking to keep device temperature 100 C. Power
levels shown in the power table for the R package device
assume 6.45 cm2 of 610 g/m2 copper heat sink area in an
enclosed adapter, or 19.4 cm2 in an open frame.
TOPSwitch-GX Selection
Selecting the optimum TOPSwitch-GX depends upon required
maximum output power, efficiency, heat sinking constraints
and cost goals. With the option to externally reduce current
limit, a larger TOPSwitch-GX may be used for lower power
applications where higher efficiency is needed or minimal heat
sinking is available.
Gradually increasing current limit

in addition to duty cycle during softstart further reduces peak current
and voltage
Further reduces component
stresses during start up
Input Capacitor
The input capacitor must be chosen to provide the minimum DC
voltage required for the TOPSwitch-GX converter to maintain
regulation at the lowest specified input voltage and maximum
output power. Since TOPSwitch-GX has a higher DCMAX than
TOPSwitch-II, it is possible to use a smaller input capacitor.
For TOPSwitch-GX, a capacitance of 2 F per watt is possible
for universal input with an appropriately designed transformer.
Primary Clamp and Output Reflected Voltage VOR
A primary clamp is necessary to limit the peak TOPSwitch-GX
drain to source voltage. A Zener clamp requires few parts and
takes up little board space. For good efficiency, the clamp
Zener should be selected to be at least 1.5 times the output
reflected voltage VOR as this keeps the leakage spike conduction
time short. When using a Zener clamp in a universal input
application, a VOR of less than 135 V is recommended to allow
for the absolute tolerances and temperature variations of the
Zener. This will ensure efficient operation of the clamp circuit
and will also keep the maximum drain voltage below the rated
breakdown voltage of the TOPSwitch-GX MOSFET.
28
K
9/03
TOP242-250
Soft-Start
Generally a power supply experiences maximum stress at
start-up before the feedback loop achieves regulation. For a
period of 10 ms the on-chip soft-start linearly increases the duty
cycle from zero to the default DCMAX at turn on. In addition, the
primary current limit increases from 85% to 100% over the same
period. This causes the output voltage to rise in an orderly
manner allowing time for the feedback loop to take control of the
duty cycle. This reduces the stress on the TOPSwitch-GX
MOSFET, clamp circuit and output diode(s), and helps prevent
transformer saturation during start-up. Also soft-start limits the
amount of output voltage overshoot, and in many applications
eliminates the need for a soft-finish capacitor.
EMI
The frequency jitter feature modulates the switching frequency
over a narrow band as a means to reduce conducted EMI peaks
associated with the harmonics of the fundamental switching
frequency. This is particularly beneficial for average detection
mode. As can be seen in Figure 46, the benefits of jitter increase
with the order of the switching harmonic due to an increase in
frequency deviation.
The FREQUENCY pin of TOPSwitch-GX offers a switching
frequency option of 132 kHz or 66 kHz. In applications that
require heavy snubbers on the drain node for reducing high
frequency radiated noise (for example, video noise sensitive
applications such as VCR, DVD, monitor, TV, etc.), operating at
66 kHz will reduce snubber loss resulting in better efficiency.
Also, in applications where transformer size is not a concern, use
of the 66 kHz option will provide lower EMI and higher
efficiency. Note that the second harmonic of 66 kHz is still
Transformer Design
It is recommended that the transformer be designed for
maximum operating flux density of 3000 Gauss and a peak flux
density of 4200 Gauss at maximum current limit. The turns ratio
should be chosen for a reflected voltage (VOR) no greater than
135 V when using a Zener clamp, or 150 V (max) when using
RCD clamp with current limit reduction with line voltage
(overload protection).
70
PI-2576-010600
80
TOPSwitch-II (no jitter)
60
50
40
30
20
-10
0
EN55022B (QP)
EN55022B (AV)
-10
-20
0.15
10
30
Frequency (MHz)
Figure 46a. TOPSwitch-II Full Range EMI Scan

(100 kHz, No Jitter).
80
70
PI-2577-010600
Bias Winding Capacitor

Due to the low frequency operation at no-load a 1 F bias
winding capacitor is recommended.
For 10 W or below, it is possible to use a simple inductor in

place of a more costly AC input common mode choke to meet
worldwide conducted EMI limits.
Amplitude (dBV)
Output Diode
The output diode is selected for peak inverse voltage, output
current, and thermal conditions in the application (including
heatsinking, air circulation, etc.). The higher DC MAX of
TOPSwitch-GX along with an appropriate transformer turns ratio
can allow the use of a 60 V Schoktty diode for higher efficiency
on output voltages as high as 15 V (see Figure 41. A 12 V, 30 W
design using a 60 V Schottky for the output diode).
below 150 kHz, above which the conducted EMI specifications

get much tighter.
TOPSwitch-GX (with jitter)
60
Amplitude (dBV)
A high VOR is required to take full advantage of the wider DCMAX

of TOPSwitch-GX. An RCD clamp provides tighter clamp
voltage tolerance than a Zener clamp and allows a VOR as high as
150 V. RCD clamp dissipation can be minimized by reducing
the external current limit as a function of input line voltage (see
Figure 21 and 35). The RCD clamp is more cost effective than
the Zener clamp but requires more careful design (see quick
design checklist).
50
40
30
20
-10
0
EN55022B (QP)
EN55022B (AV)
-10
-20
0.15
10
30
Frequency (MHz)
Figure 46b. TOPSwitch-GX Full Range EMI Scan (132 kHz,

with Jitter) with Identical Circuitry and
Conditions.
K
9/03
29
TOP242-250
For designs where operating current is significantly lower than
the default current limit, it is recommended to use an externally
set current limit close to the operating peak current to reduce
peak flux density and peak power (see Figures 20 and 34). In
most applications, the tighter current limit tolerance, higher
switching frequency and soft-start features of TOPSwitch-GX
contribute to a smaller transformer when compared to
TOPSwitch-II.
Standby Consumption
Frequency reduction can significantly reduce power loss at light
or no load, especially when a Zener clamp is used. For very
low secondary power consumption use a TL431 regulator for
feedback control. Alternately, switching losses can be
significantly reduced by changing from 132 kHz in normal
operation to 66 kHz under light load conditions.
TOPSwitch-GX Layout Considerations
In addition to the 47 F CONTROL pin capacitor, a high

frequency bypass capacitor in parallel may be used for better
noise immunity. The feedback optocoupler output should also
be located close to the CONTROL and SOURCE pins of
TOPSwitch-GX.
Y-Capacitor
The Y-capacitor should be connected close to the secondary
output return pin(s) and the positive primary DC input pin of
the transformer.
Heat Sinking
The tab of the Y package (TO-220) or F package (TO-262) is
internally electrically tied to the SOURCE pin. To avoid
circulating currents, a heat sink attached to the tab should not
be electrically tied to any primary ground/source nodes on the
PC board.
As TOPSwitch-GX has additional pins and operates at much

higher power levels compared to previous TOPSwitch
families, the following guidelines should be carefully
followed.
Primary Side Connections
Use a single point (Kelvin) connection at the negative terminal
of the input filter capacitor for TOPSwitch-GX source pin and
bias winding return. This improves surge capabilities by
returning surge currents from the bias winding directly to the
input filter capacitor.
The CONTROL pin bypass capacitor should be located as
close as possible to the SOURCE and CONTROL pins and its
SOURCE connection trace should not be shared by the main
MOSFET switching currents. All SOURCE pin referenced
components connected to the MULTI-FUNCTION, LINESENSE or EXTERNAL CURRENT LIMIT pins should also
be located closely between their respective pin and SOURCE.
Once again the SOURCE connection trace of these
components should not be shared by the main MOSFET
switching currents. It is very critical that SOURCE pin
switching currents are returned to the input capacitor negative
terminal through a seperate trace that is not shared by the
components connected to CONTROL, MULTI-FUNCTION,
LINE-SENSE or EXTERNAL CURRENT LIMIT pins. This
is because the SOURCE pin is also the controller ground
reference pin.
When using a P (DIP-8), G (SMD-8) or R (TO-263) package,

a copper area underneath the package connected to the
SOURCE pins will act as an effective heat sink. On double
sided boards (Figure 49), top side and bottom side areas
connected with vias can be used to increase the effective heat
sinking area.
Data Sheets
Application Notes
Design Ideas
Design Tools
In addition, sufficient copper area should be provided at the

anode and cathode leads of the output diode(s) for heat
sinking.
In Figures 47, 48 and 49 a narrow trace is shown between the
output rectifier and output filter capacitor. This trace acts as a
thermal relief between the rectifier and filter capacitor to
prevent excessive heating of the capacitor.
Quick Design Checklist
As with any power supply design, all TOPSwitch-GX designs

should be verified on the bench to make sure that components
specifications are not exceeded under worst case conditions.
The following minimum set of tests is strongly recommended:
Package Information
Any traces to the M, L or X pins should be kept as short as

possible and away from the DRAIN trace to prevent noise
coupling. LINE-SENSE resistor (R1 in figures 47-49) should
be located close to the M or L pin to minimize the trace length
on the M or L pin side.
1. Maximum drain voltage Verify that peak VDS does not

exceed 675 V at highest input voltage and maximum
overload output power. Maximum overload output power
occurs when the output is overloaded to a level just before
the power supply goes into auto-restart (loss of regulation).
TOPSwitch-GX
AC-DC Seminar 10
2. Maximum drain current At maximum ambient
temperature, maximum input voltage and maximum output
load, verify drain current waveforms at start-up for any signs
of transformer saturation and excessive leading edge current
spikes. TOPSwitch-GX has a leading edge blanking time
of 220 ns to prevent premature termination of the on-cycle.
30
K
9/03
TOP242-250
Maximize hatched copper

areas (
) for optimum
heat sinking
Safety Spacing
Y1Capacitor
+
HV
-
Output Rectifier
Output Filter Capacitor
Input Filter Capacitor

PRI
BIAS
PRI
S
TOPSwitch-GX
TOP VIEW
M S
BIAS
T
r
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
e
r
SEC
C
Optocoupler
R1
DC +
Out
R2
PI-2670-042301
Figure 47. Layout Considerations for TOPSwitch-GX using P or G Packages.
Safety Spacing
Y1Capacitor

areas (
) for optimum
heat sinking
Input Filter Capacitor
HV
Output Rectifier
Output Filter Capacitor
TOPSwitch-GX
D
X
L
C
TOP VIEW
R1
Heat Sink
T
r
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
e
r
SEC
Optocoupler
-
DC +
Out
PI-2669-042301
Figure 48. Layout Considerations for TOPSwitch-GX using Y or F Package.
K
9/03
31
TOP242-250
Output Filter Capacitors
Solder Side
Safety Spacing
Component Side
Y1Capacitor
TOP VIEW
HV
PRI
Input Filter
Capacitor
PRI
R1a - 1c
BIAS
T
r
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
e
r
SEC
S
X
L
C

- DC +
Out
Optocoupler
TOPSwitch-GX

areas(
) for optimum
heat sinking
Data Sheets
PI-2734-043001
Application Notes
Design Ideas
For a discussion on utilizing TOPSwitch-GX in a forward

converter configuration, please refer to the TOPSwitch-GX
Forward Design Methodology Application Note.
Design Tools
Up-to-date information on design tools can be found at the

Power Integrations Web site: www.powerint.com
Package Information
Figure 49. Layout Considerations for TOPSwitch-GX using R Package.
Verify that the leading edge current spike is below the

allowed current limit envelope (see Figure 52) for the drain
current waveform at the end of the 220 ns blanking period.
3.Thermal check At maximum output power, minimum
input voltage and maximum ambient temperature, verify
that temperature specifications are not exceeded for
TOPSwitch-GX, transformer, output diodes and output
capacitors. Enough thermal margin should be allowed for
the part-to-part variation of the RDS(ON) of TOPSwitch-GX
as specified in the data sheet. The margin required can
either be calculated from the tolerances or it can be
accounted for by connecting an external resistance in
series with the DRAIN pin and attached to the same
heatsink, having a resistance value that is equal to the
difference between the measured RDS(ON) of the device
under test and the worst case maximum specification.
Design Tools

32
K
9/03
TOP242-250
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS(1)
DRAIN Voltage ............................................ -0.3 to 700 V
DRAIN Peak Current: TOP242 ............................... 0.72 A
TOP243 ............................... 1.44 A
TOP244 ............................... 2.16 A
TOP245 ............................... 2.88 A
TOP246 ............................... 4.32 A
TOP247 ............................... 5.76 A
TOP248 ............................... 7.20 A
TOP249 ............................... 8.64 A
TOP250 ............................. 10.08 A
CONTROL Voltage .......................................... -0.3 to 9 V
CONTROL Current ............................................... 100 mA

LINE SENSE Pin Voltage ................................ -0.3 to 9 V
CURRENT LIMIT Pin Voltage ..................... -0.3 to 4.5 V
MULTI-FUNCTION Pin Voltage .................... -0.3 to 9 V
FREQUENCY Pin Voltage ............................... -0.3 to 9 V
Storage Temperature ..................................... -65 to 150 C
Operating Junction Temperature(2) ................ -40 to 150 C
Lead Temperature(3) ................................................ 260 C
Notes:
1. All voltages referenced to SOURCE, TA = 25 C.
2. Normally limited by internal circuitry.
3. 1/16" from case for 5 seconds.
THERMAL IMPEDANCE
Notes:
Thermal Impedance: Y or F Package:
(JA) (1) ....................................... 80 C/W 1. Free standing with no heatsink.
(JC) (2) ......................................... 2 C/W 2. Measured at the back surface of tab.
3. Soldered to 0.36 sq. inch (232 mm2), 2 oz. (610 g/m2) copper clad.
P or G Package:
(3)
(4)
4. Soldered to 1 sq. inch (645 mm2), 2 oz. (610 g/m2) copper clad.
(JA) ...................... 70 C/W ; 60 C/W
(5)
(JC) ....................................... 11 C/W 5. Measured on the SOURCE pin close to plastic interface.
6. Soldered to 3 sq. inch (1935 mm2), 2 oz. (610 g/m2) copper clad.
R Package:
(7)
(4)
(6)
7. Soldered to foot print area, 2 oz. (610 g/m2) copper clad.
(JA) ... 80 C/W ; 40 C/W ; 30 C/W
(5)
(JC) ......................................... 2 C/W
Conditions
Parameter
Symbol
(Unless Otherwise Specified)

See Figure 53
SOURCE = 0 V; TJ = -40 to 125 C
Min
Typ
Max
124
132
140
61.5
66
70.5
Units
CONTROL FUNCTIONS
Switching
Frequency
(average)
fOSC
Duty Cycle at
ONSET of Frequency Reduction
DC(ONSET)
Switching
Frequency near
0% Duty Cycle
fOSC(DMIN)
Frequency Jitter
Deviation
Frequency Jitter
Modulation Rate
fM
IC = 3 mA;
TJ = 25 C
FREQUENCY Pin
Connected to SOURCE
FREQUENCY Pin
Connected to CONTROL
kHz
10
132 kHz Operation
30
66 kHz Operation
15
132 kHz Operation
66 kHz Operation
kHz
kHz
250
Hz
K
9/03
33
TOP242-250
Conditions
Parameter
Symbol

See Figure 53
SOURCE = 0 V; TJ = -40 to 125 C
Min
Typ
Max
75
78
83
28
38
50
Units
CONTROL FUNCTIONS (cont.)

IL IL (DC) or IM IM(DC)
Maximum Duty
Cycle
DCMAX
IL or IM = 190 A
TOP242-245
IL or IM = 100 A
TOP242-245
IL or IM = 190 A
TOP246-250
IL or IM = 100 A
IC = ICD1
66.5
%
33
49.5
General Information
&41.3
Table
of Contents
TOP246-250
Soft Start Time

PWM Gain
tSOFT
TJ = 25 C; DCMIN to DCMAX
DCreg
IC = 4 mA; TJ = 25 C
CONTROL
Current at 0%
Duty Cycle
Dynamic
Impedance
lB
See Figure 7
lC(OFF)
TJ = 25 C
K
9/03
10
15
-23
-18
-0.01
1.2
2.0
TOP246-249
1.6
2.6
TOP250
1.7
2.7
TOP246-249
4.0
mA
4
5
7.0
8.5
Package
Information
10
15
22
DPA-Switch DC-DC
Seminar
0.18
%/C
LinkSwitch & TinySwitch-II AC-DC

Seminar
kHz
7
IC = 4 mA; TJ = 25 C
See Figure 51
ZC
lC (CH)
%/mA/C
mA
8.0
Quality 6.6
and Reliability
7.3
%/mA
Design
Tools
4.2
6.0
ms
Design
Ideas
3.0
TOP242-245
TOP250
SHUTDOWN/AUTO-RESTART
34
-28
TOP242-245
CONTROL Pin
Internal Filter Pole
Charging Current
Temperature Drift
73.5
Data Sheets
See Note A
Dynamic
Impedance
Temperature Drift
CONTROL Pin
Charging Current
66.8
Application Notes
PWM Gain
Temperature Drift
External Bias
Current
60
VC = 0 V
-5.0
-3.5
-2.0
mA
11
V =5V
-3.0 and
-1.8 Distributors
-0.6
TJ = 25 C
See Note A
0.5
%/C
TOP242-250
Conditions
Parameter
Symbol

See Figure 53
SOURCE = 0 V; TJ = -40 to 125 C
Min
Typ
Max
Units
SHUTDOWN/AUTO-RESTART (cont.)
Auto-restart Upper
Threshold Voltage
VC(AR)U
Auto-restart Lower
Threshold Voltage
VC(AR)L
4.5
4.8
Auto-restart
Hysteresis Voltage
VC(AR)hyst
0.8
1.0
Auto-restart Duty
Cycle
Auto-restart
Frequency
5.8
DC(AR)
f(AR)
1.0
5.1
V
%
Hz
MULTI-FUNCTION (M), LINE-SENSE (L) AND EXTERNAL CURRENT LIMIT (X) INPUTS
Line Under-Voltage
Threshold Current
and Hysteresis
(M or L Pin)
Line Overvoltage
or Remote ON/
OFF Threshold
Current and Hysteresis (M or L Pin)
L Pin Voltage
Threshold
Threshold
lUV
44
Threshold
210
L or M Pin Short
Circuit Current
IL(SC) or
IM(SC)
X or M Pin Short
Circuit Current
IX(SC) or
IM(SC)
L or M Pin Voltage
(Positive Current)
VL, VM
X Pin Voltage
(Negative Current)
VX
M Pin Voltage
(Negative Current)
VM
225
240
TJ = 25 C
VL(TH)
IREM (N)
30
Hysteresis
Remote ON/OFF
Negative Threshold
Current and Hysteresis (M or X Pin)
54
TJ = 25 C
Hysteresis
IOV
50
Threshold
8
0.5
1.0
1.6
-35
-27
-20
TJ = 25 C
Hysteresis
VL, VM = VC
VX, VM = 0 V
5
300
400
520
Normal Mode
Auto-restart Mode
-300
-240
-180
-110
-90
-70
lL or lM = 50 A
1.90
2.50
3.00
lL or lM = 225 A
2.30
2.90
3.30
lX = -50 A
1.26
1.33
1.40
lX = -150 A
1.18
1.24
1.30
lM = -50 A
1.24
1.31
1.39
lM = -150 A
1.13
1.19
1.25
A
A
V
V
V
K
9/03
35
TOP242-250
Conditions
Parameter
Symbol

See Figure 53
SOURCE = 0 V; TJ = -40 to 125 C
Min
Typ
Max
Units
MULTI-FUNCTION, LINE-SENSE AND EXTERNAL CURRENT LIMIT INPUTS (cont.)

Maximum Duty
Cycle Reduction
Onset Threshold
Current
Remote OFF
DRAIN Supply
Current
IL(DC) or
IM(DC)
ID(RMT)
See Figure 70
VDRAIN = 150 V
X, L or M Pin
Floating
L or M Pin Shorted
to CONTROL
60
75
0.6
1.0
1.0
1.6
mA
tR(ON)
From Remote ON to Drain Turn-On

See Note B
2.5
tR(OFF)
Minimum Time Before Drain Turn-On

to Disable Cycle
See Note B
2.5
Remote ON Delay
Remote OFF
Setup Time
40
TJ = 25 C

s
Data Sheets
Application Notes
FREQUENCY INPUT
FREQUENCY Pin
Threshold Voltage
VF
See Note B
FREQUENCY Pin
Input Current
IF
VF = VC
2.9
Design
Ideas
100
A
Design Tools
0.418
0.45
Quality
and 0.481
Reliability
10
CIRCUIT PROTECTION
Self Protection
Current Limit
(See Note C)
ILIMIT
TOP242 P/G
TOP242 Y/R/F
TJ= 25 C
Internal
di/dt=90 mA/s
TOP243 P/G
TJ= 25 C
Internal
di/dt=150 mA/s
TOP243 Y/R/F
TJ= 25 C
Internal
di/dt=180 mA/s
0.837
TOP244 P/G
TJ= 25 C
Internal
di/dt=200 mA/s
0.930
40
0.697
0.75
0.802
Package
Information
0.90
0.963
TOP244 Y/R/F & TinySwitch-II

Internal
LinkSwitch
Seminar
A
1.256 AC-DC
1.35
1.445
T = 25 C
di/dt=270 mA/s
1.00
1.070
TOP245 P
TJ= 25 C
TOP245 Y/R/F
TJ= 25 C
TOP246 Y/R/F
TJ= 25 C
Internal
1.02
1.10
1.18
di/dt=220 mA/s
TOPSwitch-GX
AC-DC
Seminar 10
Internal
di/dt=360 mA/s
Internal
di/dt=540 mA/s
Internal
di/dt=720 mA/s
Internal
di/dt=900 mA/s
1.674
1.80
1.926
TOP247 Y/R/F
TJ= 25 C
TOP248 Y/R/F
TJ= 25 C
36
K
9/03
2.511
2.70
2.889
3.348
3.60
3.852
4.185
4.50
4.815
TOP242-250
Conditions
Parameter
Symbol

See Figure 53
SOURCE = 0 V; TJ = -40 to 125 C
Min
Typ
Max
5.022
5.40
5.778
Units
CIRCUIT PROTECTION (cont.)

Self Protection
Current Limit
(See Note C)
ILIMIT
TOP249 Y/R/F
TJ= 25 C
TOP250 Y/R/F
TJ= 25 C
Internal
di/dt=1080 mA/s
Internal
di/dt=1260 mA/s
A
5.859
6.30
6.741
0.75 x
85 VAC
(Rectified Line Input) ILIMIT(MIN)
265 VAC
0.6 x
(Rectified Line Input) ILIMIT(MIN)
Initial Current Limit
IINIT
Leading Edge
Blanking Time
tLEB
See Figure 52
TJ = 25 C, IC = 4 mA
220
ns
Current Limit Delay
tIL(D)
IC = 4 mA
100
ns
See Note B
Thermal Shutdown
Temperature
130
Thermal Shutdown
Hysteresis
Power-up Reset
Threshold Voltage
140
150
75
VC(RESET)
Figure 53, S1 Open
1.75
3.0
4.25
15.6
25.7
7.80
12.9
5.20
18.0
30.0
9.00
15.0
6.00
8.60
3.90
6.45
2.60
4.30
1.95
3.22
1.56
2.58
1.30
2.15
10.0
4.50
7.50
3.00
5.00
2.25
3.75
1.80
3.00
1.50
2.50
OUTPUT
TOP242
ID = 50 mA
TOP243
ID = 100 mA
TOP244
ID = 150 mA
ON-State
Resistance
RDS(ON)
TOP245
ID = 200 mA
TOP246
ID = 300 mA
TOP247
ID = 400 mA
TOP248
ID = 500 mA
TOP249
ID = 600 mA
TJ = 25 C
TJ = 100 C
TJ = 25 C
TJ = 100 C
TJ = 25 C
TJ = 100 C
TJ = 25 C
TJ = 100 C
TJ = 25 C
TJ = 100 C
TJ = 25 C
TJ = 100 C
TJ = 25 C
TJ = 100 C
TJ = 25 C
TJ = 100 C
K
9/03
37
TOP242-250
Conditions
Parameter
Symbol

See Figure 53
SOURCE = 0 V; TJ = -40 to 125 C
Min
Typ
Max
Units
1.10
1.85
1.28
2.15
470
OUTPUT (cont.)
ON-State
Resistance
OFF-State Drain
Leakage Current
RDS(ON)
TJ = 25 C
TJ = 100 C
TOP250
ID = 700 mA
IDSS
VL, VM = Floating; IC = 4 mA
VDS = 560 V; TJ = 125 C
Breakdown
Voltage
BVDSS
VL, VM = Floating; IC = 4mA

See Note D, TJ = 25 C
Rise Time
tR
Fall Time
tF
700
General Information & 100

Table of Contents
ns
Measured in a Typical
Flyback Converter Application
50
ns
Product Selector
Guide
Data Sheets
SUPPLY VOLTAGE CHARACTERISTICS

DRAIN Supply
Voltage
Shunt Regulator
Voltage
See Note E
36
IC = 4 mA
5.60
Application Notes
VC(SHUNT)
5.85
6.10
Design Ideas
Shunt Regulator
Temperature Drift
50
lCD1
Control Supply/
Discharge Current
lCD2
Output
MOSFET Enabled
VX, VL, VM = 0 V
TOP242-245
TOP246-249
TOP250
Output
MOSFET Disabled
VX, VL, VM = 0 V
3
4
ppm/C
Design
Tools
2.5
1.0
1.2
1.3
1.6
2.2
2.4
3.2
3.65
0.3
0.6
1.3
mA
5
6
Package Information
NOTES:
A. For specifications with negative values, a negative temperature coefficient corresponds to an increase in
magnitude with increasing temperature, and a positive temperature coefficient corresponds to a decrease in
magnitude with increasing temperature.
B. Guaranteed by characterization. Not tested in production.
C. For externally adjusted current limit values, please refer to Figure 54b and 55b (Current Limit vs. External Current
Limit Resistance) in the Typical Performance Characteristics section. The tolerance specified is only valid at full
current limit.
D. Breakdown voltage may be checked against minimum BVDSS specification by ramping the DRAIN pin voltage up to
but not exceeding minimum BVDSS.
E. It is possible to start up and operate TOPSwitch-GX at DRAIN voltages well below 36 V. However, the
CONTROL pin charging current is reduced, which affects start-up time, auto-restart frequency, and auto-restart
duty cycle. Refer to Figure 67, the characteristic graph on CONTROL pin charge current (IC) vs. DRAIN voltage
for low voltage operation characteristics.
38
K
9/03
TOP242-250
t2
t1
HV
90%
90%
DRAIN
VOLTAGE
t
D= 1
t2
10%
0V
PI-2039-033001
100
DRAIN Current (normalized)
PI-1939-091996
CONTROL Pin Current (mA)
120
80
60
40
Dynamic
1
=
Impedance Slope
20
PI-2022-033001
Figure 50. Duty Cycle Measurement.
tLEB (Blanking Time)
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
IINIT(MIN) @ 85 VAC
IINIT(MIN) @ 265 VAC
ILIMIT(MAX) @ 25 C
ILIMIT(MIN) @ 25 C
0
0
10
Time (s)
CONTROL Pin Voltage (V)

Figure 51. CONTROL Pin I-V Characteristic.
Figure 52. Drain Current Operating Envelope.
Y or R Package (X and L Pin)

S1
P or G Package (M Pin)
0-100 k
470
5W
0-100 k
S5
5-50 V
5-50 V
M
0-60 k
40 V
CONTROL
470
TOPSwitch-GX
S2
S4
0-15 V
47 F
0.1 F
S3
0-60 k
NOTES: 1. This test circuit is not applicable for current limit or output characteristic measurements.
2. For P and G packages, short all SOURCE pins together.
PI-2631-042303
Figure 53. TOPSwitch-GX General Test Circuit.

K
9/03
39
TOP242-250
BENCH TEST PRECAUTIONS FOR EVALUATION OF ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
The following precautions should be followed when testing
TOPSwitch-GX by itself outside of a power supply. The schematic shown in Figure 53 is suggested for laboratory testing of
TOPSwitch-GX.
When the DRAIN pin supply is turned on, the part will be in
the auto-restart mode. The CONTROL pin voltage will be
oscillating at a low frequency between 4.8 and 5.8 V and the
drain is turned on every eighth cycle of the CONTROL pin
oscillation. If the CONTROL pin power supply is turned on
while in this auto-restart mode, there is only a 12.5% chance

that the CONTROL pin oscillation will be in the correct state
(drain active state) so that the continuous drain voltage waveform may be observed. It is recommended that the VC power
supply be turned on first and the DRAIN pin power supply
second if continuous drain voltage waveforms are to be
observed. The 12.5% chance of being in the correct state is
due to the divide-by-8 counter. Temporarily shorting the
CONTROL pin to the SOURCE pin will reset TOPSwitch-GX,
which then will come up in the correct state.
Typical Performance Characteristics

PI-2653-042203
1.1
Scaling Factors:
TOP242 P/G/Y/R/F: .45
TOP243 P/G:
.75
TOP243 Y/R/F:
.90
TOP244 P/G:
1
TOP244 Y/R/F:
1.35
TOP245 Y/R/F:
1.80
TOP246 Y/R/F:
2.70
TOP247 Y/R/F:
3.60
TOP248 Y/R/F
4.50
TOP249 Y/R/F:
5.40
TOP250 Y/R/F:
6.32
200 Guide
Product Selector
1.0
160
Data
Sheets
0.8
0.7
0.6
140
120
Application
Notes
100
0.5
0.4
80
Design
Ideas
60
0.3
0.2
-250
-200
-150
40
0
PI-2652-042303
1.1
Package Information
200
Scaling Factors:
TOP242 P/G/Y/R/F: .45
TOP243 P/G:
.75
TOP243 Y/R/F:
.90
TOP244 P/G:
1
TOP244 Y/R/F:
1.35
TOP245 Y/R/F:
1.80
TOP246 Y/R/F:
2.70
TOP247 Y/R/F:
3.60
TOP248 Y/R/F
4.50
TOP249 Y/R/F:
5.40
TOP250 Y/R/F:
6.32
1.0
0.9
0.8
Maximum
0.7
160
Minimum
140
120
LinkSwitch
&
TinySwitch-II
AC-DC
Seminar
Typical
0.6
0.5
0.4
180
di/dt (mA/s)
Current Limit (A)
-50
Figure 54a. Current Limit vs. MULTI-FUNCTION Pin Current (See Figure 55a for TOP245P).
100
8
9
80
TOPSwitch-GX AC-DC Seminar

10
60
Maximum and minimum levels

are based on characterization.
0.3
0.2
0
5K
10K
40
45K

15K
20K
25K
30K
35K
External Current Limit Resistor RIL ()
Figure 54b. Current Limit vs. External Current Limit Resistance (See Figure 55b for TOP245P).
K
9/03
Design Tools
-100
IM (A)
40
180
di/dt (mA/s)
Current Limit (A)
0.9
40K
TOP242-250
PI-3652-081403
Scaling Factors:
TOP245P: 1.1
Current Limit (A)
1.0
200
0.9
180
0.8
160
0.7
140
0.6
120
0.5
100
0.4
80
0.3
60
0.2
-250
di/dt (mA/s)
1.1
40
-200
-150
-100
-50
IM (A)
Figure 55a. Current Limit vs. MULTI-FUNCTION Pin Current (TOP245P only).
PI-3651-081403
Scaling Factors:
TOP245P: 1.1
Current Limit (A)
1.0
200
0.9
180
0.8
160
0.7
140
120
0.6
Typical
0.5
100
di/dt (mA/s)
1.1
80
0.4
Measured at 25 C.
0.3
60
35K
40K
40
45K
35K
40K
45K
0.2
0
5K
10K
15K
20K
25K
30K
1.25
PI-3653-073003
Current Limit (Normalized to 25 C)
Figure 55b. Current Limit vs. External Current Limit Resistance (TOP245P only).
1.20
1.15
0 C
1.10
1.05
1.00
.95
25 C
.90
.85
.80
100 C
.75
.70
0
5K
10K
15K
20K
25K
30K

Figure 55c. External Current Limit vs. External Current Limit Resistance at 0 C, 25 C and 100 C
Junction Temperature (TOP245P only).
K
9/03
41
TOP242-250
Typical Performance Characteristics (cont.)
1.0
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.9
-50 -25
25
50
-50 -25
75 100 125 150
Junction Temperature (C)
25
50
75 100 125 150
General Information
& Temperature
Table of
Junction
(C) Contents
Figure 56. Breakdown Voltage vs. Temperature.
Figure 57. Frequency vs. Temperature.
0.8
0.6
0.4
Application Notes
0.8
0.6
0.4
Use for TOP242-250 Y/R/F

packages and TOP242-244 P/G
packages only. See Figure 55c
for TOP245P.
Design Ideas
Design Tools
0
-50 -25
25
50
-50 -25
75 100 125 150
25
50
75 100 125 150
Junction Temperature
(C)
Quality
and Reliability
Figure 59. External Current Limit vs. Temperature

with RIL =12 k.
Figure 58. Internal Current Limit vs. Temperature.
Package Information
0.8
LinkSwitch & TinySwitch-II
AC-DC Seminar
Under-Voltage Threshold
(Normalized to 25 C)
0.6
0.6
TOPSwitch-GX
AC-DC Seminar 10
0.4
0.4
0.2
0.2

0
0
-50 -25
25
50
75 100 125 150

Figure 60. Overvoltage Threshold vs. Temperature.
K
9/03
DPA-Switch
DC-DC Seminar
1.0
1.0
0.8
1.2
PI-2552-033001
PI-2553-033001
Overvoltage Threshold
1.2
42
Data Sheets
1.0
0.2
0.2
PI-2554-080603
1.0
1.2
Current Limit
PI-2555-033001
1.2
Current Limit
PI-1123A-033001
1.2
Output Frequency
PI-176B-033001
Breakdown Voltage
1.1
-50 -25
25
50
75 100 125 150

Figure 61. Under-Voltage Threshold vs. Temperature.
TOP242-250
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
1.4
-200 A IX -25 A
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
300
400
-240
LINE-SENSE Pin Current (A)
Figure 62a. LINE-SENSE Pin Voltage vs. Current.

PI-2542-102700
6
5
4
3
2
See
Expanded
Version
1
0
-300 -200 -100 0
1.4
-60
VM = 1.37 - IMx 1 k
-200 A IM -25 A
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
-300 -250
-200
-150 -100
-50
MULTI-FUNCTION Pin Current (A)
MULTI-FUNCTION Pin Current (A)
PI-2562-033001
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
Figure 63b. MULTI-FUNCTION Pin Voltage vs.

Current (Expanded).
1.2
Onset Threshold Current

Figure 63a. MULTI-FUNCTION Pin Voltage vs. Current.
1.0
-120
1.6
100 200 300 400 500
1.2
-180
EXTERNAL CURRENT LIMIT Pin Current (A)

Figure 62b. EXTERNAL CURRENT LIMIT Pin Voltage
vs. Current.
PI-2541-102700
200
PI-2563-033001
100
MULTI-FUNCTION Pin Voltage (V)
MULTI-FUNCTION Pin Voltage (V)
VX = 1.33 - IXx 0.66 k
1.2
2.0
CONTROL Current
PI-2689-102300
5.5
1.6
EXTERNAL CURRENT LIMIT

Pin Voltage (V)
PI-2688-102700
LINE SENSE Pin Voltage (V)
6.0
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
-50 -25
25
50
75 100 125 150

Figure 64. Control Current Out at 0% Duty Cycle vs.
Temperature.
-50 -25
25
50
75 100 125 150
Figure 65. Max. Duty Cycle Reduction Onset Threshold

Current vs. Temperature.
K
9/03
43
TOP242-250
CONTROL Pin
Charging Current (mA)
5
4
Scaling Factors:
TOP250 1.17
TOP249 1.00
TOP248 0.83
TOP247 0.67
TOP246 0.50
TOP245 0.33
TOP244 0.25
TCASE = 25 C
TOP243 0.17
TCASE = 100 C TOP242 0.08
3
2
1
1.6
1.2
0.8
0.4
0
0
8 10 12 14 16 18 20
PI-2646-010802
Scaling Factors:
TOP250 1.17
TOP249 1.00
TOP248 0.83
TOP247 0.67
TOP246 0.50
TOP245 0.33
TOP244 0.25
TOP243 0.17
TOP242 0.08
500
Power (mW)
10
200
300
400
100
400
300
500
Data Sheets
Application Notes
Design Ideas
Design Tools
200
100
100
80
600
Scaling Factors:
TOP250 1.17
TOP249 1.00
TOP248 0.83
TOP247 0.67
TOP246 0.50
TOP245 0.33
TOP244 0.25
TOP243 0.17
TOP242 0.08
60
10000
100
40
Figure 67. IC vs. DRAIN Voltage.
Figure 66. Output Characteristics.
1000
20
General InformationDRAIN
& Table
Voltage (V) of Contents
DRAIN Voltage (V)
DRAIN Capacitance (pF)
VC = 5 V
PI-2650-020802
DRAIN Current (A)
PI-2645-010802
PI-2564-101499
600
100
200
300
400
500
600
Quality
and (V)
Reliability
DRAIN Voltage
Drain Voltage (V)

Figure 68. COSS vs. DRAIN Voltage.
Figure 69. DRAIN Capacitance Power.
LinkSwitch
& TinySwitch-II AC-DC Seminar
0.6
PI-2690-102700
Remote OFF DRAIN Supply Current

Package Information
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.4
0.2
Sales
Representatives and Distributors 11
0
-50
50
100
150
Figure 70. Remote OFF DRAIN Supply Current

vs. Temperature.
44
K
9/03
TOP242-250
PART ORDERING INFORMATION
TOPSwitch Product Family
GX Series Number
Package Identifier
Plastic Surface Mount DIP
Plastic DIP
Plastic TO-220-7C
Plastic TO-263-7C (available only with TL option)
Plastic TO-262
(242, 243 & 244 only)

(242, 243, 244 & 245 only)
Package/Lead Options
Blank Standard Configurations
TOP 242 G - TL
TL
Tape & Reel, (G Package: 1000 min., R Package: 750 min.)
TO-220-7C
.165 (4.19)
.185 (4.70)
.390 (9.91)
.420 (10.67)
.146 (3.71)
.156 (3.96)
.108 (2.74) REF
.045 (1.14)
.055 (1.40)
.234 (5.94)
.261 (6.63)
.570 (14.48)
REF.
.461 (11.71)
.495 (12.57)
7 TYP.
.860 (21.84)
.880 (22.35)
.670 (17.02)
REF.
.080 (2.03)
.120 (3.05)
PIN 2 & 4
PIN 1 & 7
.024 (.61)
.010 (.25) M
.034 (.86)
.050 (1.27) BSC
PIN 1
.150 (3.81) BSC
.040 (1.02)
.060 (1.52)
.040 (1.02)
.060 (1.52)
.012 (.30)
.024 (.61)
.190 (4.83)
.210 (5.33)
.050 (1.27)
.050 (1.27)
.050 (1.27)
.050 (1.27)
.180 (4.58)
.200 (5.08)
.100 (2.54)
PIN 7
PIN 1
.150 (3.81)
Y07C
.150 (3.81)
MOUNTING HOLE PATTERN
Notes:
1. Controlling dimensions are inches. Millimeter
dimensions are shown in parentheses.
2. Pin numbers start with Pin 1, and continue
from left to right when viewed from the front.
3. Dimensions do not include mold flash or
other protrusions. Mold flash or protrusions
shall not exceed .006 (.15mm) on any side.
4. Minimum metal to metal spacing at the package body for omitted pin locations is .068
inch (1.73 mm).
5. Position of terminals to be measured at a
location .25 (6.35) below the package body.
6. All terminals are solder plated.
PI-2644-112202
K
9/03
45
TOP242-250
DIP-8B
D S .004 (.10)
Notes:
1. Package dimensions conform to JEDEC specification
MS-001-AB (Issue B 7/85) for standard dual-in-line (DIP)
package with .300 inch row spacing.
2. Controlling dimensions are inches. Millimeter sizes are
shown in parentheses.
3. Dimensions shown do not include mold flash or other
protrusions. Mold flash or protrusions shall not exceed
.006 (.15) on any side.
4. Pin locations start with Pin 1, and continue counter-clockwise to Pin 8 when viewed from the top. The notch and/or
dimple are aids in locating Pin 1. Pin 6 is omitted.
5. Minimum metal to metal spacing at the package body for
the omitted lead location is .137 inch (3.48 mm).
6. Lead width measured at package body.
7. Lead spacing measured with the leads constrained to be
perpendicular to plane T.
-E-
.240 (6.10)
.260 (6.60)
Pin 1
-D-
.367 (9.32)
.387 (9.83)
.057 (1.45)
.068 (1.73)
(NOTE 6)
.125 (3.18)
.145 (3.68)
.015 (.38)
MINIMUM
-TSEATING
PLANE
.100 (2.54) BSC
.008 (.20)
.015 (.38)
.120 (3.05)
.140 (3.56)
PI-2551-041003
Design Tools
Package Information
-E-
.372 (9.45)
.388 (9.86)
E S .010 (.25)
.240 (6.10)
.260 (6.60)
Pin 1
.100 (2.54) (BSC)
.367 (9.32)
.387 (9.83)
.032 (.81)
.037 (.94)
P08B
Application Notes
D S .004 (.10)
Notes:
1. Controlling dimensions are
inches. Millimeter sizes are
shown in parentheses.
2. Dimensions shown do not
include mold flash or other
protrusions. Mold flash or
protrusions shall not exceed
.006 (.15) on any side.
.420
3. Pin locations start with Pin 1,
and continue counter-clock
.046 .060 .060 .046
Pin 8 when viewed from the
top. Pin 6 is omitted.
4. Minimum metal to metal
.080
spacing at the package body
Pin 1
for the omitted lead location
is .137 inch (3.48 mm).
.086
5. Lead width measured at
.186
package body.
.286
6. D and E are referenced
Solder Pad Dimensions
datums on the package
body.

.057 (1.45)
.068 (1.73)
(NOTE 5)
.125 (3.18)
.145 (3.68)
Design Ideas
SMD-8B
-D-
Data Sheets
.300 (7.62) BSC

(NOTE 7)
.300 (7.62)
.390 (9.91)
.048 (1.22)
.053 (1.35)
.014 (.36)
.022 (.56) T E D S .010 (.25) M

.048 (1.22)
.053 (1.35)
.004 (.10)
.009 (.23)
.004 (.10)
.012 (.30)
.036 (0.91)
.044 (1.12)
0- 8
G08B
PI-2546-080703
46
K
9/03
TOP242-250
TO-263-7C
.390 (9.91)
.420 (10.67)
.245 (6.22)
min.
.045 (1.14)
.055 (1.40)
.055 (1.40)
.066 (1.68)
.326 (8.28)
.336 (8.53)
.580 (14.73)
.620 (15.75)
.225 (5.72)
min.
.208 (5.28)
Ref.
-ALD #1
.024 (0.61)
.034 (0.86)
.100 (2.54)
Ref.
.050 (1.27)
.000 (0.00)
.010 (0.25)
.090 (2.29)
.110 (2.79)
.010 (0.25)
.012 (0.30)
.024 (0.61)
0- 8
.315 (8.00)
.380 (9.65)
Solder Pad
Dimensions
.165 (4.19)
.185 (4.70)
.004 (0.10)
.638 (16.21)
.128 (3.25)
.050 (1.27)
.038 (0.97)
Notes:
1. Package Outline Exclusive of Mold Flash & Metal Burr.
2. Package Outline Inclusive of Plating Thickness.
3. Foot Length Measured at Intercept Point Between
Datum A Lead Surface.
R07C
4. Controlling Dimensions are in Inches. Millimeter
Dimensions are shown in Parentheses.
PI-2664-112702
K
9/03
47
TOP242-250
TO-262-7C
.045 (1.14)
.055 (1.40)
.390 (9.91)
.420 (10.67)
.055 (1.40)
.066 (1.68)
.165 (4.17)
.185 (4.70)
.326 (8.28)
.336 (8.53)
7 TYP.
.795 (20.18)
REF.
.080 (2.03)
.120 (3.05)
.495 (12.56)
REF.
.595 (15.10)
REF.
PIN 2 & 4
PIN 1 & 7
(1.02)
General Information & .040
Table
of Contents
.060 (1.52)
.024 (.61)
.010 (.25) M
.034 (.86)
.050 (1.27) BSC
PIN 1
.012 (.30)
.024 (.61)
.040 (1.06)
.060 (1.52)
Product
.190 (4.83) Selector Guide
.150 (3.81) BSC
.210 (5.33)
.050 (1.27)
Data Sheets
Application Notes
Design Ideas
Design Tools
Package Information
.050 (1.27)
.050 (1.27)
.050 (1.27)
.180 (4.58)
.200 (5.08)
.100 (2.54)
PIN 7
PIN 1
.150 (3.81)
F07C
.150 (3.81)
MOUNTING HOLE PATTERN
Notes:
1. Controlling dimensions are inches. Millimeter
dimensions are shown in parentheses.
2. Pin numbers start with Pin 1, and continue
from left to right when viewed from the front.
3. Dimensions do not include mold flash or
other protrusions. Mold flash or protrusions
shall not exceed .006 (.15mm) on any side.
4. Minimum metal to metal spacing at the package body for omitted pin locations is .068
inch (1.73 mm).
5. Position of terminals to be measured at a
location .25 (6.35) below the package body.
6. All terminals are solder plated.
PI-2757-112202

48
K
9/03
TOP242-250
Notes
K
9/03
49
TOP242-250
Notes

Data Sheets
Application Notes
Design Ideas
Design Tools
Package Information

50
K
9/03
TOP242-250
Revision Notes
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
Date
11/00
7/01
1) Added R package (D2PAK).

2) Corrected abbreviations (s = seconds).
3) Corrected x-axis units in Figure 11 (A).
4) Added missing external current limit resistor in Figure 25 (RIL).
5) Corrected spelling.
6) Added caption for Table 4.
7) Corrected Breakdown Voltage parameter condition (TJ = 25 C).
8) Corrected font sizes in figures.
9) Figure 40 replaced.
10) Corrected schematic component values in Figure 44.
1) Corrected Power Table value.
1) Added TOP250 device and F package (TO-262).
2) Added R package Thermal Impedance parameters and adjusted Output Power values in Table 1.
3) Adjusted Off-State Current value.
1) Added note to parameter table for Breakdown Voltage measurement.
2) Miscellaneous text corrections.
1) Updated P, Y, R and F package information.
2) Revised thermal impedances (JA) for all package types.
3)
4)
1)
2)
1)
9/01
1/02
9/02
4/03
Expanded Maximum Duty Cycle and deleted Maximum Duty Cycle Reduction Slope parameters.
Corrected DIP-8B and SMD-8B Package Drawings.
Added TOP245P.
Miscellaneous text corrections.
Corrected typographic errors in Figures 4, 6, 20, 28, and 34; and in MULTI-FUNCTION (M) Pin
Operation section.
8/03
9/03
K
9/03
51
TOP242-250
For the latest updates, visit our Web site: www.powerint.com

PATENT INFORMATION
Power Integrations reserves the right to make changes to its products at any time to improve reliability or manufacturability. Power Integrations does not
assume any liability arising from the use of any device or circuit described herein, nor does it convey any license under its patent rights or the rights of others.
The products and applications illustrated herein (including circuits external to the products and transformer construction) may be covered by one or more U.S.
and foreign patents or potentially by pending U.S. and foreign patent applications assigned to Power Integrations. A complete list of Power Integrations patents
may be found at www.powerint.com.
LIFE SUPPORT POLICY
POWER INTEGRATIONS' PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT DEVICES OR
SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT OF POWER INTEGRATIONS, INC. As used herein:
2. A critical component is any component of a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life
support device or system, or to affect its safety or effectiveness.
Data Sheets
The PI logo, TOPSwitch, TinySwitch, LinkSwitch and EcoSmart are registered trademarks of Power Integrations.
PI Expert and DPA-Switch are trademarks of Power Integrations. Copyright 2003, Power Integrations.
Application Notes
Design Ideas
Design Tools
1. Life support devices or systems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform, when
properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling, can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user.
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Power Integrations
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Customer Service:
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Fax:
+1-408-414-9765
e-mail: usasales@powerint.com
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Phone:
+86-755-8367-5143
Fax:
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Phone:
+39-028-928-6001
Fax:
+39-028-928-6009
e-mail: eurosales@powerint.com
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HEADQUARTERS)
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#15-08/10 Goldhill Plaza
Singapore, 308900
Phone:
+65-6358-2160
Fax:
+65-6358-2015
e-mail: singaporesales@powerint.com
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Phone:
+1-678-714-6033
Fax:
+1-678-714-6012
e-mail: usasales@powerint.com
GERMANY
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Rueckerstrasse 3
D-80336, Muenchen, Germany
Phone: +49-895-527-3910
Fax: +49-895-527-3920
JAPAN
Power Integrations, K.K.
Keihin-Tatemono 1st Bldg.
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e-mail: japansales@powerint.com
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Power Integrations
Package
Information
CHINA (SHANGHAI)
Power Integrations
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Phone:
+86-21-6215-5548
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+86-21-6215-2468
e-mail: chinasales@powerint.com
INDIA (TECHNICAL SUPPORT)

Innovatech
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Phone:
+91-80-226-6023
Fax:
+91-80-228-9727
e-mail: indiasales@powerint.com
APPLICATIONS HOTLINE
World Wide +1-408-414-9660
APPLICATIONS FAX
World Wide +1-408-414-9760
52
K
9/03
KOREA
Power Integrations
8th Floor, DongSung Bldg.
17-8 Yoido-dong,
Youngdeungpo-gu,
Seoul, 150-874, Korea
Phone:
+82-2-782-2840
Fax:
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Phone:
+886-2-2727-1221
Fax:
+886-2-2727-1223
e-mail: taiwansales@powerint.com
UK (EUROPE & AFRICA

HEADQUARTERS)
Power Integrations (Europe) Ltd.
Centennial Court
Easthampstead Road
Bracknell, Berkshire RG12 1YQ,
United Kingdom
Phone: +44-1344-462-300
Fax: +44-1344-311-732

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TOP242-250

TOPSwitch -GX Family

EcoSmart, Integrated Off-line Switcher

EcoSmart - Energy Efficient

Figure 1. Typical Flyback Application.

OUTPUT POWER TABLE

Table 1. Notes: 1. Typical continuous power in a non-ventilated

TOPSwitch-GX Family Functional Description ........................................................................................................ 5

General Information & Table of Contents

Using Feature Pins .................................................................................................................................................... 10

Typical Uses of FREQUENCY (F) Pin ...................................................................................................................... 14

Quality and Reliability

DPA-Switch DC-DC Seminar

LinkSwitch & TinySwitch-II AC-DC Seminar

Application Examples ............................................................................................................................................... 20

TOPSwitch-GX AC-DC Seminar 10

Typical Performance Characteristics ...................................................................................................................... 40

Sales Representatives and Distributors 11

Package Outlines ...................................................................................................................................................... 45

OSCILLATOR WITH JITTER

Figure 2a. Functional Block Diagram (Y, R or F Package).

OSCILLATOR WITH JITTER

Figure 2b. Functional Block Diagram (P or G Package).

DRAIN (D) Pin:

FREQUENCY (F) Pin: (Y, R or F package only)

Pin Functional Description

VUV = 100 VDC

General Information & Table of Contents

EXTERNAL CURRENT LIMIT (X) Pin: (Y, R or F

other resistor values

VUV = IUV x RLS

VUV = 100 VDC

Quality and Reliability

DPA-Switch DC-DC Seminar

Figure 5. P/G Package Line Sense.

Figure 3. Pin Configuration (top view).

LinkSwitch & TinySwitch-II AC-DC Seminar

DCMAX@100 VDC = 78%

TOPSwitch-GX Family Functional Description

Three terminals, FREQUENCY, LINE-SENSE, and

In addition to the three terminal TOPSwitch features, such as

Duty Cycle (%)

Like TOPSwitch, TOPSwitch-GX is an integrated switched

Slope = PWM Gain

TOP242-5 1.6 2.0

Note: For P and G packages IL is replaced with IM.

Figure 7. Relationship of Duty Cycle and Frequency to CONTROL

The pin can also be used as a remote ON/OFF and a

voltage of 5.8 V, current in excess of the consumption of the

When rectified DC high voltage is applied to the DRAIN pin

General Information & Table of Contents

Oscillator and Switching Frequency

Quality and Reliability

DPA-Switch DC-DC Seminar

LinkSwitch & TinySwitch-II AC-DC Seminar

Product Selector Guide

Sales Representatives and Distributors 11

Note: S0 through S7 are the output states of the auto-restart counter

TOPSwitch-GX AC-DC Seminar 10