Acid Base Titrations Key

SA-SB TITRATION PROBLEMS KEY
1.
A.
B.
C.
In the beakers below:

Draw 2 moles HCl. SA solution (SA completely ionizes)
Draw what happens when 1 mole NaOH is added. Excess SA (moles SA > moles SB)
Draw what happens when 2 moles NaOH are added. Eq pt (moles SA = moles SB); For
SA-SB have neutral salt solution so pH = 7
D. Draw what happens when 3 moles NaOH are added. Excess SB (moles SB > moles SB)
+
Na+
H2O
Cl
H+
Na
H+
Cl-
Cl
Cl-
H2O
Cl-
Na+
Na+
Cl
Cl-
H2O
H2O
Na+
OH-
Na+
H2O
Cl-
Note: for titration problems, you will need to calculate moles or mmoles of acid and base.
M
mol mmol
L
mL
thus, moles = L x M or mmoles = mL x M
General steps for SA-SB titration:

1.
2.
3.
4.
Write A-B neutralization reaction.

Calculate mmol of acid and base present.
Subtract smaller amount (LR) to find mmol of excess acid or base remaining.
Divide mmol excess acid by total V (mL) to calculate [H3O+] (or mmol excess base
by the total mL to find [OH-])
5. pH = -log [H3O+] (or find pOH if [OH-] is present and convert to pH)
2. Consider titrating 20.00 mL of 0.200 M HCl with 0.100 M NaOH.
SA
SB
What volume of NaOH must be added to reach the equivalence point?
neutralization reaction: HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O
at EQ pt: moles acid = moles of base
mmoles HCL = 20.00 mL
0.200mmol HCl
mL
mL
=
0.100 mmol
mL NaOH = 4.00 mmol
= 4.00 mmol HCl = 4.00 mmol NaOH
40.0 mL NaOH = V NaOH at eq pt
Calculate the pH of the solution after the following volumes of NaOH have been added:
a) 0 ml of NaOH added only SA is present initially:
Since SA completely ionizes: [HCl] = [H3O+] = 0.200 M HCl (3 sf)
pH = -log [H3O+]
pH= -log (0.200)
pH= 0.700 low pH for SA
b) 5.00 mL NaOH - When SB is added to SA, a neutralization reaction occurs:

neutralization reaction: HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O
mmol HCl = 20.00 mL 0.200 M = 4.00 mmol HCl
mmol NaOH = 5.00 mL 0.100 M = 0.500 mmol NaOH (Limiting Reactant!)
Key Acid-Base Titration problems
mmol excess acid = 4.00 mmol 0.500 mmol = 3.50 mmol HCl
For SA: [H3O+] = [HCl]
pH = - log [H3O+]
c) 40.00 mL NaOH
3.50mmoles
0.140 M
25.00mL
[H3O+] =
pH = 0.854 excess SA, pH<7
pH = - log 0.140
mmol NaOH = 40.00 mL 0.100 M = 4.00 mmol NaOH

from part b: mmol HCl = 4.00 mmol HCl
moles acid = moles base pH = 7 at Eq pt for SA-SB titration!

All the acid and base has been neutralized and all that remains is Na +, Cl- and
water. All neutral substances!
d) 50.00 mL NaOH
mmol NaOH = 50.00 mL 0.100 M = 5.00 mmol NaOH

from part b: mmol HCl = 4.00 mmol HCl (Limiting Reactant!)
mmol excess base = 5.00 mmol - 4.00 mmol = 1.00 mmol NaOH
For SB: [OH-] = [NaOH]
[OH-]=
1.00 mmoles
0.01429 M
70.00mL
pH = 12.155 excess SB, pH > 7
pOH = -log (0.01429) = 1.845
WA-SB TITRATION PROBLEMS KEY

1. In the beakers below.
A. Draw 2 moles of acetic acid. WA (For 2 moles of WA assume it has not ionized)
B. Draw what happens when 1 mole KOH is added. (Buffer: WA, conj base)
C. Draw what happens when 2 moles KOH are added. Eq pt (WB hydrolysis)
D. Draw what happens when 3 moles KOH are added. Excess SB remains
CH3CO2H
CH3CO2K+
CH3CO2H
H2O
CH3CO2H
H2O
K+
H2O
CH3CO2-
K+
H2O
CH3CO2-
K+
K+
CH3CO2OHH2O
CH3CO2-
K+
2. Consider the titration of 50.00 mL of 0.100 M CH3CO2H with 0.150 M KOH. For acetic acid,
Ka = 1.810-5
WA
SB
For WA-SB titration problems, you must consider what substances are present and write the
appropriate hydrolysis or neutralization reaction!
What volume of NaOH must be added to reach the equivalence point?
neutralization: CH3CO2H + NaOH NaCH3CO2 + H2O
at EQ pt: moles acid = moles of base
0.100mmol CH 3 CO 2H
mL
mmoles = 50.00 mL
= 5.00 mmol CH3CO2H = 5.00 mmol KOH
mL
= 33.33 mL NaOH = V NaOH at eq pt
mL KOH = 5.00 mmol
0.150 mmol
Calculate the pH of the solution after the following volumes of NaOH have been added:
a) 0 mL KOH we just have a WA solution!
Strategy: write WA hydrolysis, ICE & Ka, x = [H3O+]
I (M)
C (M)
E (M)
Ka =
CH3CO2H + H2O(l)
0.100
-x
0.100 - x
[H3 O ][CH3 CO 2 ]
[CH3 CO 2H]
H3O+ + CH3CO20
0
+x
+x
x
x
Assume x is small! 1.810-5 =
x2
0.100
(1.8 10 5 ) (0.100 ) = 1.3410-3 M
x = [H3O+] =
pH = -log [H3O+]
pH = -log 1.3410-3
pH= 2.87 relatively low pH for WA
Other regions of WA curve:

1. Write WA-SB neutralization reaction.
2. Calculate mmol of acid and base present.
3. Plug mol into change table to determine what remains after neutralization:
If moles HA > moles SB, both HA and A are present so its a buffer problem.
If moles HA = moles SB, only A is left so its WB problem (eq pt).
If moles SB > moles WA, excess OH is left so its SB problem.
b) 10.00 mL KOH
mmoles KOH = mmol OH- = 10.00 mL 0.150 M = 1.50 mmol KOH

mmoles CH3CO2H = 50.00 mL 0.100 M = 5.00 mmol CH3CO2H
neutralization: CH3CO2H + OH- CH3CO2 - + H2O

Neutralization rxn
initial (mmol)
Change (mmol)
Final (mmol)
CH3CO2H + OH- CH3CO2 - + H2O(l)

5.00
-1.50
3.50
1.50
-1.50
0
0
+1.50
1.50
CH3CO2H (WA) and CH3CO2 -(WB) remain = buffer solution!

*Can use HH equation have WA and Conjugate Base!
[A ]
[HA]
pH =-log Ka + log
pH = -log 1.8x10-5 + log (1.50/3.50)
pH = 4.74 + -.368
pH = 4.380
pH after SB added; now have buffer soln containing acetic acid and acetate ions.
c) the equivalence point volume of KOH = 33.33 mL WA-SB eq pt is WB problem!
from part b, mmoles CH3CO2H = 5.00 mmol CH3CO2H
mmoles KOH = mmol OH- = 33.33 mL 0.150 M = 5.00 mmol KOH
neutralization: CH3CO2H + OH- CH3CO2 - + H2O
Neutralization rxn

3
initial (mmol)
Change (mmol)
Final (mmol)
5.00
-5.00
0
5.00
-5.00
0
0
+5.00
5.00
At eq pt: all WA & SB have reacted, only CH3CO2 - (WB) remains!

Set up WB hydrolysis rxn, solve Kb for x = [OH-]
Convert mmol (or mol) acetate to Molarity must use M in Kb expression!
M=
mmol
mL acid mL base
[CH3CO2 -] =
-
WB hydrolysis: CH3CO2 + H2O

CH3CO2 - + H2O
I (M)
C (M)
E (M)
5.00 mmol
0.0600 M
50.00 33.33 mL
-
CH3CO2H + OH
CH3CO2H +
0.0600
-x
0.0600 - x
0
+x
x
OH0
+x
x
Need Kb instead of Ka for WB: Kb for CH3CO2 - =

Kb =
[CH 3 CO 2 H][OH ]
[CH 3 CO 2 ]
x = [OH-] =
5.5610-10 =
1 10 14
= 5.5610-10
5
1.8 10
x2
0.0600
0.0600 5.56 10 10 = 5.7810-6 M
pOH = - log [OH-] = -log 5.7810-6 = 5.24
pH = 14 5.24 = 8.76
At the equivalence point for a WA/SB titration, the pH > 7 due to the OH - produced by the
conjugate base hydrolysis reaction.
d) 50.00 mL of KOH
from part b, mmoles CH3CO2H = 5.00 mmol CH3CO2H
mmoles KOH = mmol OH- = 50.00 mL 0.150 M = 7.50 mmol OHneutralization: CH3CO2H + OH- CH3CO2 - + H2O
Neutralization rxn
initial (mmol)
Change (mmol)
Final (mmol)

5.00
-5.00
0
7.50
-5.00
2.50
0
+5.00
5.00
moles excess SB remaining = 2.50 mmoles KOH

2.50 mmol
M OH- = M KOH =
0.0250 M OH100 mL
pOH = - log [OH-] = -log 0.0250 = 1.602
pH = 14 1.602 = 12.398
high pH since SB not all neutralized

*Excess NaOH remains - this is the primary source of OH-. We can neglect the
hydrolysis of the conjugate base because this contributes a relatively small amount of OHcompared to the amount that comes directly from the excess NaOH.

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SA-SB TITRATION PROBLEMS KEY

In the beakers below:

thus, moles = L x M or mmoles = mL x M

General steps for SA-SB titration:

Write A-B neutralization reaction.

mL NaOH = 4.00 mmol

= 4.00 mmol HCl = 4.00 mmol NaOH

40.0 mL NaOH = V NaOH at eq pt

pH= -log (0.200)

pH= 0.700 low pH for SA

b) 5.00 mL NaOH - When SB is added to SA, a neutralization reaction occurs:

pH = 0.854 excess SA, pH<7

mmol NaOH = 40.00 mL 0.100 M = 4.00 mmol NaOH

moles acid = moles base pH = 7 at Eq pt for SA-SB titration!

mmol NaOH = 50.00 mL 0.100 M = 5.00 mmol NaOH

pH = 12.155 excess SB, pH > 7

pOH = -log (0.01429) = 1.845

WA-SB TITRATION PROBLEMS KEY

= 5.00 mmol CH3CO2H = 5.00 mmol KOH

Assume x is small! 1.810-5 =

(1.8 10 5 ) (0.100 ) = 1.3410-3 M

pH= 2.87 relatively low pH for WA

Other regions of WA curve:

mmoles KOH = mmol OH- = 10.00 mL 0.150 M = 1.50 mmol KOH

neutralization: CH3CO2H + OH- CH3CO2 - + H2O

CH3CO2H + OH- CH3CO2 - + H2O(l)

CH3CO2H (WA) and CH3CO2 -(WB) remain = buffer solution!

pH = -log 1.8x10-5 + log (1.50/3.50)

CH3CO2H + OH- CH3CO2 - + H2O(l)

At eq pt: all WA & SB have reacted, only CH3CO2 - (WB) remains!

WB hydrolysis: CH3CO2 + H2O

Need Kb instead of Ka for WB: Kb for CH3CO2 - =

0.0600 5.56 10 10 = 5.7810-6 M

pOH = - log [OH-] = -log 5.7810-6 = 5.24

CH3CO2H + OH- CH3CO2 - + H2O(l)

moles excess SB remaining = 2.50 mmoles KOH

high pH since SB not all neutralized

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