Buffalo NY CBSA Intrastate Tables 2014 March19-V2

New York State's Extreme School Segregation:
Inequality, Inaction and a Damaged Future
March 2014
Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY Metro Summary

Enrollment
The share of white students enrolled in public schools almost declined by 9% points,
from 80.4% in 1989-1990 to 71.7% in 2010-2011.
The overall share of black student enrollment slightly increased by 3% points from
15.3% in 1989 to 18.3% in 2010.
The Asian share of enrollment increased by 150% and Latino share of enrollment
increased close to 100% over the last 20 years.
Figure 1
Public School Enrollment by Race
1989-1990
1.0%
2.5%
0.8%
15.3%
2010-2011
White
4.8%
2.7%
2.5%
White
Black
Black
18.3%
80.4%
Asian
Asian
Latino
Latino
Other
71.7%
Other
Note: American Indian is included in "other". Total metro enrollment in 1989 was
163,482. In 2010, total enrollment was 158,599.
Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,
Common Core of Data (CCD),
The share of white enrollment in both urban and suburban schools has decreased
since 1989-1990 while the share of black, Asian, and Latino enrollment has
increased, particularly in urban schools.
In 2010-2011, despite their 72% metro enrollment, white students comprised only
41% of the enrollment in urban schools.
In 2010-2011, the share of black students in urban schools was 10 times the share
in suburban schools.
In 2010-2011, the share of Latino students in urban schools was over four times
the share in suburban schools.
Civil Rights Project/Proyecto Derechos Civiles

March 2014
Table 1 Public School Enrollment by School Urbanicity

Urban Schools
Suburban Schools
Whit Black Asia Latino Whit Black Asian Latin
e
n
e
o
BuffaloNiagara
Falls, NY
198960.7
31.9
96.4
1990
%
%
1.0% 5.2%
%
1.5% 1.4% 0.5%
199954.6
35.4
94.8
2000
%
%
1.3% 7.3%
%
2.3% 1.7% 0.9%
201041.1
42.8
89.6
2011
%
%
3.1% 9.6%
%
4.0% 2.8% 1.9%
Note: Urban schools refer to those inside an urbanized area and a principal city. Suburban
schools refer to those inside an urbanized area but outside a principal city. Other includes
American Indian students and students who identify with two or more races. Data
comprises schools open 1989-2010, 1989-1999-2010, 1999-2010, and only 2010. We
apply 2010 boundary codes to all years.
Common Core of Data (CCD), Public Elementary/Secondary School Universe Survey
Data
Concentration
The percentage of multiracial schools across the metroschools in which at least

one-tenth of the students represent at least three racial groupshas increased over
the last two decades but so has the percentage of intensely-segregated schools
those that are 90-100% minority students.
In 1989, less than 2% of schools were intensely-segregated schools. In 2010, 13%
were such schools.
Over the last 20 years, the percentage of schools majority-minority schools
those that are 50-100% minority students, has remained somewhat constant at
around 20%.
Table 2 Number and Percentage of Multi-Racial and Minority Schools

% of
% of 50- % of 90% of 99Total
Multi100%
100%
100%
Schools
Racial
Minority Minority Minority
Schools
Schools
Schools
Schools
Buffalo-Niagara
Falls, NY
1989-1990
270
4.4%
20.7%
1.5%
0.4%
1999-2000
281
5.0%
23.5%
4.3%
1.4%
2010-2011
269
10.0%
23.8%
13.0%
0.4%

March 2014
Note Blank cells represent no schools. Minority school represents black, Latino,
American Indian, and Asian students. Multi-racial schools are those with any three races
representing 10% or more of the total student enrollment respectively.
Data
The largest proportion of students who were low-income were in intenselysegregated schools, close to triple the proportion of low-income students for the
entire metro in 1999 and over double in 2010.
Table 3 Percentage of Students who are Low-Income in Multi-Racial and Minority

Schools
Overall % Low- % Low- % Low- % Low% Low- Income Income in Income in Income in
Income in Multi 50-100% 90-100% 99-100%
Metro -Racial Minority Minority Minority
Schools Schools
Schools
Schools
Buffalo-Niagara
Falls, NY
1999-2000
34.9%
81.0%
80.1%
90.7%
83.1%
2010-2011
40.4%
79.1%
82.9%
86.2%
48.8%
Note: Blank cells represent no schools. Minority school represents black, Latino,
American Indian, and Asian students. Multiracial schools are those with any three races
representing 10% or more of the total student enrollment respectively.
Data
Over the last two decades, the share of black students who were enrolled in
intensely-segregated schools has steadily increased.
Over two out of five black students across the metro attended a school with less
than 10% of white students in 2010, even though there are over 70% of white
students across the entire metro.
Over the last two decades, around 70% of black students attend a school with less
than 50% white students.

March 2014
Figure 2 Black Students in Minority Segregated Schools

90.0%
80.0%
76.6%
71.0%
70.7%
70.0%
Percent
60.0%
50.0%
43.8%
1989-1990
40.0%
1999-2000
30.0%
2010-2011
15.1%
20.0%
5.1%
10.0%
3.4%
0.0%
50-100% Minority
School
90-100% Minority
School
99-100% Minority
School
Note: Minority school represents black, Latino, American Indian, and Asian students.
Data
Similarly, over the last two decades, the share of Latino students who were
enrolled in intensely-segregated schools has steadily increased.
Over one out of three Latino students across the metro attended a school with less
than 10% of white students in 2010, even though there are over 70% of white
students across the entire metro.
The share of Latinos in majority-minority school settings has decreased over the
last two decades.

March 2014
Figure 3 Latino Students in Minority Segregated Schools

80.0%
74.0% 73.2%
70.0%
61.1%
60.0%
Percent
50.0%
1989-1990
40.0%
34.0%
1999-2000
2010-2011
30.0%
17.7%
20.0%
10.0%
0.1%
0.0%
50-100% Minority School
90-100% Minority School
Note: Minority school represents black, Latino, American Indian, and Asian students.
Data
Since 1989, the proportion Latino and American Indian attending multiracial
schoolsthose that have any three races representing at least one-tenth of the
total school enrollmenthave decreased, particularly for Latinos, as the
proportion black, Asian, and white students attending such schools have
increased.
In 2010-2011, only 4% of white students attended multiracial schools, but near a
third of Asians or Latinos, and 20% of blacks attended such schools.

March 2014
Figure 4 Students in Multi-Racial Schools by Race

60%
55%
50%
White
Percent
40%
Black
36%
35%
30%
29%
22%
20%
10%
13%
19%
13%
12%
Asian
Latino
20%
14%
8%
2%
2%
4%
1989-1990
1999-2000
2010-2011
American
Indian
0%
Note: Multi-racial schools are those with any three races representing 10% or more of the
total student enrollment respectively.
Data
Exposure
White students are overexposed to other white students, and this disproportion has
widened instead of narrowed over the last 20 years, as proportion white has
declined faster than white isolation rates.
Over the last two decades, the typical black student remains underexposed to
white students, and this limited contact has decreased faster than the decline of
proportionate white.

March 2014
Figure 5 White Students in School Attended by Typical Student of Each Race

100.00%
90.00%
88.50%
88.40%
80.40%
85.40%
77.20%
80.00%
71.80%
70.00%
60.00%
45.40%
50.00%
35.30%
40.00%
29.60%
30.00%
20.00%
10.00%
0.00%
1989-1990
% White
1999-2000
Typical White Student
2010-2011
Typical Black Student
Note: Less than 5% Latino enrollment across time periods.

Data
The racial composition of the school that a typical black student attends has
shifted over the last two decades, changing to less white, but more black.
Despite the fact that the overall metro share of enrollment is 72% white and 18%
black, the typical black student attended a school in 2010 with only 30% white
and 57% black classmates.

March 2014
Figure 6 Racial Composition of School Attended by Typical Black Student

70%
60%
Percent
50%
40%
57%
45%
57%
49%
35%
White
30%
30%
Black
20%
10%
0%
1989-1990
1999-2000
2010-2011
Year

Data
In 2010, the typical black student attended school with more than double the
percentage of low-income students than the typical white student.
The typical white student attended a school with only 30% low-income students,
25% lower than the average proportion of low-income students in the metro.
The typical black student attended a school with 73% low-income students, 83%
higher than the average proportion of low-income students in the metro.
This data show the disproportionate distribution of low-income students to
schools where
black students attend.

March 2014
Figure 7 Exposure to Low-Income Students by Race

80%
73%
70%
Percent
60%
50%
40%
30%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
% Low-Income White Exposure Black Exposure to
to Low-Income
Low-Income
2010-2011

Data
Evenness
Over the last two decades, the average school remains 40% less diverse than the
entire metropolitan area, indicating an extreme degree of persisting segregation.
This uneven distribution of racial groups throughout the areas public schools
occurred mostly between schools districts (84% average) rather than within
school districts, suggesting the need for interdistrict policies for racial integration.
Table 4 Multi-Group Entropy Index Values, Overall and Within/Between School Districts
H
HW
HB
Buffalo-Niagara
Falls, NY
1989-1990
0.41
0.06
0.35
1999-2000
0.44
0.07
0.37
2010-2011
0.40
0.07
0.33
Note: H=Multi-Group Entropy Index or Theils H. HW= the degree of un/evenness (H)
that is within (W) districts. HB= the degree of un/evenness (H) that is between (B)
districts.

March 2014

Data
The uneven distribution of white and black students across schools in the metro
has been extreme and persisting over the last two decades.
Figure 8 Differential Distribution (Dissimilarity) of Racial Students across Public

Schools
80%
77%
75%
Percent
73%
White-Black
70%
White-Latino
Black-Latino
60%
1989-1990
1999-2000
2010-2011
Year

Data
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New York State's Extreme School Segregation:

Inequality, Inaction and a Damaged Future

Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY Metro Summary

Civil Rights Project/Proyecto Derechos Civiles

New York State's Extreme School Segregation:

Table 1 Public School Enrollment by School Urbanicity

The percentage of multiracial schools across the metroschools in which at least

Table 2 Number and Percentage of Multi-Racial and Minority Schools

Civil Rights Project/Proyecto Derechos Civiles

New York State's Extreme School Segregation:

Table 3 Percentage of Students who are Low-Income in Multi-Racial and Minority

Civil Rights Project/Proyecto Derechos Civiles

New York State's Extreme School Segregation:

Figure 2 Black Students in Minority Segregated Schools

Civil Rights Project/Proyecto Derechos Civiles

New York State's Extreme School Segregation:

Figure 3 Latino Students in Minority Segregated Schools

90-100% Minority School

Civil Rights Project/Proyecto Derechos Civiles

New York State's Extreme School Segregation:

Figure 4 Students in Multi-Racial Schools by Race

Civil Rights Project/Proyecto Derechos Civiles

New York State's Extreme School Segregation:

Figure 5 White Students in School Attended by Typical Student of Each Race

Note: Less than 5% Latino enrollment across time periods.

Civil Rights Project/Proyecto Derechos Civiles

New York State's Extreme School Segregation:

Figure 6 Racial Composition of School Attended by Typical Black Student

Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

Civil Rights Project/Proyecto Derechos Civiles

New York State's Extreme School Segregation:

Figure 7 Exposure to Low-Income Students by Race

Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

Civil Rights Project/Proyecto Derechos Civiles

New York State's Extreme School Segregation:

Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

Figure 8 Differential Distribution (Dissimilarity) of Racial Students across Public

Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

Civil Rights Project/Proyecto Derechos Civiles

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