Engleski Jezik - Gramatika

PRESENT SIMPLE
- radnje koje se ponavljaju, navike, rutine

- istine i stvari koje se ne mijenjaju
- adverbs of frequency : always, often, usually, sometimes, hardly
ever, never
- prije glavnog glagola
- poslije 'be'
expressions : every day, week, month, year, morning, afternoon,
twice a day...
- na poetku ili kraju reenice
3. l. sg. : nastavak -s (veina), -es ( zavrava na ch, o, s, sh, x), y
= i + es
*I play the piano. I do not/don't play the piano. Do I play the piano?
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
radnja koja se dogaa sad, u vrijeme govora, oko vremena
govorenja
za planove i dogaaje u budunosti (We are spending a day on a
canal boat.)
expressions : now, at the moment of speaking, this Sunday, this
evening...
glagol + nastavak -ing (veina), glagoli na -e gube e prije -ing,
udvostrui suglasnik
(kratki ; sit - sitting)
ne koriste glagoli believe, know, understand, remember, want,
need, mean, like, hate
*I am working. I am not working. Am I working?
PAST SIMPLE
radnja koja je poela i zavrila u prolosti, znamo kad se radnja
desila
expressions : yesterday, the day before yesterday, five days ago,
last year, in 1999...
pravilni glagoli : nastavak -ed (veina), -d (zavrava na -e), y = i
+ ed (ako je suglasnik
ispred -y), udvostrui suglasnik prije -ed (kratki)
nepravilni glagoli (go - went)
*I dropped a pen. I did not/didn't drop a pen. Did I drop a pen?
*I went to work. I did not/didn't go to work. Did I go to work?
PAST CONTINUOUS
radnja koja se dogaala u odreeno vrijeme u prolosti
dvije radnje se deavaju u isto vrijeme : while / as (I was
thinking while/as I was
talking.)
dua radnja je prekinuta kraom : while (PC) / when PS) (While I
was talking, the cat
ate the mouse. / I was talking when the cat ate the mouse.)
*I was working. I wasn't working. Was I working?
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

ne znamo kad se radnja dogodila, nekad u ivotu do sad
have/has + the past participle
just - upravo (I have just finished the dinner.)
since + a point of time (I know him since I was ten.)
for + a period of time (I know him for six years.)
already - u pozitivnim reenicama, elimo istaknuti da se neto
ve dogodilo (I
have already chosen.)
yet - u negativnim reenicama, oekujemo da e se neto desiti ( I
haven't had a
good rest yet.)
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
radnja koja je zapoela u prolosti i jo uvijek traje
radnja koja je tek zavrila i ima posljedicu u sadanjosti
have/has been + glagol na -ing
koliko dugo se neto dogaa - for (+ a lenght of time) i since (+ a
point od time in
the past)
*People have been eating better food. People have not been eating
better food. Have
people been eating better food?
PRESENT SIMPLE PASSIVE
nije vaan subjekt
is / are + the past participle
*Rhinos are killed for sport. Rhinos aren't killed for sport. Are rhinos
killed for sport?
PAST SIMPLE PASSIVE
was / were + the past participle
*The theory was developed by me. The theory wasn't developed by me.
Was the theory
developed by me?
FIRST CONDICIONAL
za stvari koje e se moda dogoditi u budunosti
if + present simple + will / won't
unless we do something = if we don't do something
*If you come to England, we will drink tea.
*We will drink tea if you come to England.
FUTURE SIMPLE
radnja koja e se dogoditi u budunosti ( I will buy a boat.)
expressions : tomorrow, next week, in ten years, in the future...
will / will not + infinitiv
*I will go. I will not/won't go. Will I go?
ADVERBS OF MANNER (PRILOZI)
prijedlog + nastavak -ly, -y = -ily
iznimke : good - well, hard - hard, fast - fast, late - late

He is a patient person. - He waits patiently.
ARTICLES
'the' - sa imenima rijeka (the Nile), oceana i mora (the Indian
Ocean), planinskih
lanaca (the Rocky Mountains), pustinja (tha Sahara) i
sa imenima naroda (the
Incas), otoka (the Bahamas) u mnoini
- sa imenicom koja se ponovno spominje, rednim
brojevima (the first)
'a' - za poslove i zanimanja (a philosopher, a pupil)
- za imenicu koja se prvi put spominje
imena u jednini nemaju lan (Croatia, Scotland, Zagreb, Atlantis)
QUESTION TAGS
pozitivna reenica = negativno pitanje / negativna reenica =
pozitivno pitanje
*She was angry, wasn't she?
*I am not hungry, am I?
IZRAAVANJE KOLIINE
a/an za brojive imenice u jednini (an apple, a banana)
some za nebrojive imenice u sg. i u pozitivnim reenicama za
brojive imenice u pl.
(some bread, some bananas)
a lot of za brojive i nebrojive imenice u pozitivnim reenicama
much za nebrojive imenice u pitanjima i negativnim reenicama
many za brojive imenice u pitanjima i negativnim reenicama
any za brojive i nebrojive imenice u pitanjima i negativnim
reenicama
KOMPARACIJA
komparativ - kratki pridjev (1 slog) + nastavak -er (fast faster), -r (zavrava na e),
udvostrui suglasnik + er (1 samoglasnik + 1
suglasnik ; big - bigger)
- dugi pridjev (3 sloga) + more (more dangerous)
- more + pridjev od 2 sloga ako ne zavrava na -y
(happy - happier)
- nepravilno : good - better, bad - worse, far further, little - less,
much - more, many - more
- usporedba : than (I am faster than a dog.)
superlativ - lan 'the'
- kratki pridjev + nastavak -est (old - the oldest),
-st (zavrava na e),
udvostrui suglasnik + est (1 samoglasnik + 1

suglasnik osim w)
- pridjev od vie slogova + most (the most popular)
- pridjev od 2 sloga na -y mijenja y = i + est (the
happiest)
- nepravilno : good - best, bad - worst, far furthest, little - least,
much - most, many - most
usporedba : as ... as / not as ... as (I am as cute as pandas. I am
not as cute as you.)
POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS
subject pronoun : I, you, he, she, we, they
possessive adjective : my, your, his, her, our, their
possessive pronoun : mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs
ADJECTIVES
personality : kind, polite, hard-working, honest, lazy, miserable,
rude...
expressing opinions : cool, dull, ugly, interesting, boring,
brilliant, dreadful...
of feeling : tired, bored, excited, interested, annoyed,
frightened...
PREMISSION
(not) be allowed to - imati/nemati doputenje
(not) let - netko daje/ne daje doputenje
PLANS FOR FUTURE
be going to - odluke donjete prije vremena govorenja
will / won't - odluke donjete u vrijeme govorenja, ponude,
obeanja
DETERMINERS
everything, everyone, everywhere, all of them
something, someone, somewhere, some of them
nothing, no one, nowhere, none of them
DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
people : who, that (The nurse who saw me was very nice.)
animals : which, that (They use a ceramic crocodile which is filles
with herbs.)
places : where (That's the office where my mum used to work.)

Engleski Jezik - Gramatika

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PRESENT SIMPLE

- radnje koje se ponavljaju, navike, rutine

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

iznimke : good - well, hard - hard, fast - fast, late - late

udvostrui suglasnik + est (1 samoglasnik + 1

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