Timken Practical Data For Metallurgists Handbook

Practical Data for
Metallurgists
Fourteenth Edition
Since it was first introduced in 1953, The Timken
Companys Practical Data for Metallurgists has
grown in popularity such that technical experts,
operations managers and engineering personnel
consider it as their indispensable guide to the latest
metallurgical information. This listing of standard
steels, their chemical compositions, hardening
abilities and tolerances conforms with information
published by the American Iron and Steel Institute
and the Society of Automotive Engineers.
Timken has a proud heritage of serving the technical
needs of its steel customers across a broad spectrum of industries for 100 years. Our metallurgical
expertise, coupled with the finest quality alloy steel
bars, tubes and parts, offers value from the boiler
room to the board room.
For more information about Timken steel, or to
inquire about how to get additional copies of this
guide, call 800-223-1954, extension 4023. Outside
the U.S. and Canada, call 330-471-4162.
- Registered Trademark of The Timken Company
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Number
4-33
Steel Chemistries
Chemical Compositions, etc.
Miscellaneous Steel Properties
Relative Tool Steel Properties
Hardenability Band Data
Restricted Hardenability Band Data
Jominy Correlation with Round Bars
Combined Hardenability Charts
Martensite Percent vs. Carbon Content and Hardness
Relationship of Fatigue Strength to Tensile Strength
Carburizing Rates of Carbon and Alloy Steels
Hot Working Temperatures
Critical Transformation Temperatures and Ms/Mf Points
34-37
38-48
49-51
52-55
56-69
70
71
72-76
77-78
79-81
Tubing
General Tolerances
Length Tolerances
Straightness Tolerances
Weight Table
OD Cleanups
82-85
86
87
88
89
Bar
General Tolerances
Straightness Tolerences
Weight Table - Rounds and Squares
90
91
92-95
SPC
Statistical Process Control (SPC) Information
96-98
Miscellaneous Information
Glossary of Metallurgical Terms
Useful Equations for Hardenable Alloy Steels
Handy Physical Constants
Engineering Conversion Factors
Metric - English Stress Conversion Tables
Work-Energy Conversion Tables
Decimal Equivalent Chart
Temperature Conversion Tables
Hardness Conversion Tables
99-104
105
106
107-109
110
111
112-113
114-115
116-117
District Offices
Timken Desford Steel
Timken Latrobe Steel
The Timken Company
118
119
120
STANDARD CARBON
STEELS
Chemical Composition Ranges and Limits
SAE
No.
Mn
1005
1006
1008
.06 max
.08 max
.10 max
.35 max
.25/.40
.30/.50
1010
1011
1012
1015
1016
1017
1018
.08/.13
.09/.14
.10/.15
.13/.18
.13/.18
.15/.20
.15/.20
.30/.60
.60/.90
.30/.60
.30/.60
.60/.90
.30/.60
.60/.90
1020
1021
1022
1023
1025
1026
1029
.18/.23
.18/.23
.18/.23
.20/.25
.22/.28
.22/.28
.25/.31
.30/.60
.60/.90
.70/1.00
.30/.60
.30/.60
.60/.90
.60/.90
1030
1035
1038
1039
.28/.34
.32/.38
.35/.42
.37/.44
.60/.90
.60/.90
.60/.90
.70/1.00
P = .040 max
SAE
No.
Mn
1040
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1049
.37/.44
.40/.47
.40/.47
.43/.50
.43/.50
.43/.50
.46/.53
.60/.90
.60/.90
.70/1.00
.30/.60
.60/.90
.70/1.00
.60/.90
1050
1053
1055
1059
.48/.55
.48/.55
.50/.60
.55/.65
.60/.90
.70/1.00
.60/.90
.50/.80
1060
1065
.55/.65
.60/.70
.60/.90
.60/.90
1070
1074
1078
.65/.75
.70/.80
.72/.85
.60/.90
.50/.80
.30/.60
1080
1086
1090
1095
.75/.88
.80/.93
.85/.98
.90/1.03
.60/.90
.30/.50
.60/.90
.30/.50
S = .050 max
FREE CUTTING RESULPHURIZED STEELS

SAE
No.
Mn
P
Max
1110
1117
1118
1123
1137
1140
1141
1144
1146
1152
.08/.13
.14/.20
.14/.20
.20/.27
.32/.39
.37/.44
.37/.45
.40/.48
.42/.49
.48/.55
.30/.60
1.00/1.30
1.30/1.60
1.20/1.50
1.35/1.65
.70/1.00
1.35/1.65
1.35/1.65
.70/1.00
.70/1.00
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.08/.13
.08/.13
.08/.13
.06/.09
.08/.13
.08/.13
.08/.13
.24/.33
.08/.13
.06/.09
FREE CUTTING REPHOSPHORIZED AND

RESULPHURIZED STEEL
SAE
No.
Mn
1212
1213
1215
.13 max
.13 max
.09 max
.70/1.00
.70/1.00
.75/1.05
.07/.12
.07/.12
.04/.09
.16/.23
.24/.33
.26/.35
NOTE: 12XX grades are customarily furnished without specified silicon

content because of adverse effect on machinability.
HIGH MANGANESE CARBON STEEL

SAE
No.
Mn
P
Max
S
Max
1513
1522
1524
1526
1527
1533
1534
1541
1544
1545
1546
1548
1552
1553
1566
1570
1580
1590
.10/.16
.18/.24
.19/.25
.22/.29
.22/.29
.30/.37
.30/.37
.36/.44
.40/.47
.43/.50
.44/.52
.44/.52
.47/.55
.48/.55
.60/.71
.65/.75
.75/.88
.85/.98
1.10/1.40
1.10/1.40
1.35/1.65
1.10/1.40
1.20/1.50
1.10/1.40
1.20/1.50
1.35/1.65
.80/1.10
.80/1.10
1.00/1.30
1.10/1.40
1.20/1.50
.80/1.10
.85/1.15
.80/1.10
.80/1.10
.80/1.10
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
STANDARD ALLOY STEELS

SAE
No.
Mn
Cr
1330
1335
1340
.28/.33
.33/.38
.38/.43
1.60/1.90
1.60/1.90
1.60/1.90
..............
..............
..............
.............. ..............
.............. ..............
.............. ..............
.............
.............
.............
4023
4027
4028*
4037
4047
.20/.25
.25/.30
.25/.30
.35/.40
.45/.50
.70/.90
.70/.90
.70/.90
.70/.90
.70/.90
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
.20/.30
.20/.30
.20/.30
.20/.30
.20/.30
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
4118
4120a
4121b
4130
4131
4137
4140
4142
4145
4147
4150
.18/.23
.18/.23
.18/.23
.28/.33
.28/.33
.35/.40
.38/.43
.40/.45
.43/.48
.45/.50
.48/.53
.70/.90
.90/1.20
.75/1.00
.40/.60
.50/.70
.70/.90
.75/1.00
.75/1.00
.75/1.00
.75/1.00
.75/1.00
.40/.60
.40/.60
.45/.65
.80/1.10
.90/1.20
.80/1.10
.80/1.10
.80/1.10
.80/1.10
.80/1.10
.80/1.10
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
.08/.15
.13/.20
.20/.30
.15/.25
.15/.25
.15/.25
.15/.25
.15/.25
.15/.25
.15/.25
.15/.25
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
4320
4340
E4340
.17/.22
.38/.43
.38/.43
.45/ .65
.60/.80
.65/.85
.40/.60
.70/.90
.70/.90
1.65/2.00
1.65/2.00
1.65/2.00
.20/.30
.20/.30
.20/.30
.............
.............
.............
4620
.17/.22
.45/.65
..............
1.65/2.00
.20/.30
.............
4715
4720
.13/.18
.17/.22
.70/.90
.50/.70
.45/.65
.35/.55
.70/1.00
.90/1.20
.45/.65
.15/.25
.............
.............
4815
4820
.13/.18
.18/.23
.40/.60
.50/.70
..............
..............
3.25/3.75
3.25/3.75
.20/.30
.20/.30
.............
.............
50B46 .44/.49
.75/1.00
.20/.35
.............. ..............
.............
5120
5130
5132
5140
5150
5160
51B60
.17/.22
.28/.33
.30/.35
.38/.43
.48/.53
.56/.64
.56/.64
.70/.90
.70/.90
.60/.80
.70/.90
.70/.90
.75/1.00
.75/1.00
.70/.90
.80/1.10
.75/1.00
.70/.90
.70/.90
.70/.90
.70/.90
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
51100
52100
.98/1.10
.98/1.10
.25/.45
.25/.45
.90/1.15
1.30/1.60
.............
.............
............
............
.............
.............
6150
.48/.53
.70/.90
.80/1.10
.............
............
.15 min
Ni
Mo
Other
STANDARD ALLOY STEELS - continued

SAE
No.
Mn
Cr
Ni
Mo
Other
8615
8617
8620
8622
8630
8637
8640
8645
.13/.18
.15/.20
.18/.23
.20/.25
.28/.33
.35/.40
.38/.43
.43/.48
.70/.90
.70/.90
.70/.90
.70/.90
.70/.90
.75/1.00
.75/1.00
.75/1.00
.40/.60
.40/.60
.40/.60
.40/.60
.40/.60
.40/.60
.40/.60
.40/.60
.40/.70
.40/.70
.40/.70
.40/.70
.40/.70
.40/.70
.40/.70
.40/.70
.15/.25
.15/.25
.15/.25
.15/.25
.15/.25
.15/.25
.15/.25
.15/.25
.............
.............
.............
.............
............
.............
.............
.............
8720
.18/.23
.70/.90
.40/.60
.40/.70
.20/.30
.............
8822
.20/.25
.75/1.00
.40/.60
.40/.70
.30/.40
9259
9260
.56/.64
.56/.64
.75/1.00
.75/1.00
.45/.65
.............
.............
.............
* S = .035/.050
B = .0005/.003
a
b
c
.............
Si
............. .70/1.10
............. 1.80/2.20
Formerly PS 15
Formerly PS 24
Formerly PS 30
Unless specified:
Si = .15/.35, P = .030 max (SAE J1268), S = .040 max, Ni = .25 max, Cr = .20 max, Mo
= .06 max
These standard grades can have modifications in chemistry when agreed upon by user
and supplier.
PS GRADES (Formerly EX Grades)

PS
No.
Mn
Cr
10
16
17
18
19
20
21
31
32
33
34
36
38
39
40
54
55
56
57
58
59
61
63
64
65
66
67
.19/.24
.20/.25
.23/.28
.25/.30
.18/.23
.13/.18
.15/.20
.15/.20
.18/.23
.17/.24
.28/.33
.38/.43
.43/.48
.48/.53
.51/.59
.19/.25
.15/.20
.08/.13
.08 max
.16/.21
.18/.23
.23/.28
.31/.38
.16/.21
.21/.26
.16/.21
.42/.49
.95/1.25
.90/1.20
.90/1.20
.90/1.20
.90/1.20
.90/1.20
.90/1.20
.70/.90
.70/.90
.85/1.25
.90/1.20
.90/1.20
.90/1.20
.90/1.20
.90/1.20
.70/1.05
.70/1.00
.70/1.00
1.25 max
1.00/1.30
1.00/1.30
1.00/1.30
.75/1.10
1.00/1.30
1.00/1.30
.40/.70
.80/1.20
.25/.40
.40/.60
.40/.60
.40/.60
.40/.60
.40/.60
.40/.60
.45/.65
.45/.65
.20 min
.40/.60
.45/.65
.45/.65
.45/.65
.45/.65
.40/.70
.45/.65
.45/.65
17.00/19.00
.45/.65
.70/.90
.70/.90
.45/.65
.70/.90
.70/.90
.45/.75
.85/ 1.20
Ni
Other
.20/.40
.05/.10
..............
..............
.13/.20
..............
..............
.13/.20
..............
..............
.13/.20
B
..............
.08/.15 .0005-.003
..............
.13/.20
..............
..............
.13/.20
..............
.70/1.00
.45/.60
..............
.70/1.00
.45/.60
..............
.20 min
.05 min
..............
..............
.13/.20
..............
..............
.13/.20
..............
..............
.13/.20
..............
..............
.13/.20
..............
..............
.13/.20
..............
..............
.05 min
..............
1.65/2.00
.65/.80
..............
1.65/2.00
.65/.80
..............
.............. 1.75/2.25 ..............
.............. .............. ..............
.............. .............. ..............
.............. ..............
B
.............. .............. .0005-.003
.............. .............. ..............
.............. ..............
V
1.65/2.00
.08/.15
.10/.15
..............
.25/.35
..............
Unless Specified:
Si = .15/.35, P = .035 max, S = .040 max
P = .040 max, S = .15/.35, Si = 1.00 max

Note : PS Nos. 15, 24 and 30 are now standard grades.
(See SAE Nos. 4120, 4121 and 4715)
Mo
STANDARD H STEELS
Chemical Composition Ranges
SAE
No.
Mn
Cr
Ni
Mo
Other
1330 H
1335 H
1340 H
1345 H
.27/.33
.32/.38
.37/.44
.42/.49
1.45/2.05
1.45/2.05
1.45/2.05
1.45/2.05
.............
.............
.............
.............
..............
..............
..............
..............
............
............
............
............
.............
.............
.............
.............
4027 H
4028 Ha
4032 H
4037 H
4042 H
4047 H
.24/.30
.24/.30
.29/.35
.34/.41
.39/.46
.44/.51
.60/1.00
.60/1.00
.60/1.00
.60/1.00
.60/1.00
.60/1.00
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
.20/.30
.20/.30
.20/.30
.20/.30
.20/.30
.20/.30
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
............
4118 H
4130 H
4135 H
4137 H
4140 H
4142 H
4145 H
4147 H
4150 H
4161 H
.17/.23
.27/.33
.32/.38
.34/.41
.37/.44
.39/.46
.42/.49
.44/.51
.47/.54
.55/.65
.60/1.00
.30/.70
.60/1.00
.60/1.00
.65/1.10
.65/1.10
.65/1.10
.65/1.10
.65/1.10
.65/1.10
.30/.70
.75/1.20
.75/1.20
.75/1.20
.75/1.20
.75/1.20
.75/1.20
.75/1.20
.75/1.20
.65/.95
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
.08/.15
.15/.25
.15/.25
.15/.25
.15/.25
.15/.25
.15/.25
.15/.25
.15/.25
.25/.35
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
4320 H
4340 H
E4340 H
.17/.23
.37/.44
.37/.44
.40/.70
.55/.90
.60/.95
.35/.65
.65/.95
.65/.95
1.55/2.00
1.55/2.00
1.55/2.00
.20/.30
.20/.30
.20/.30
.............
.............
.............
4620 H
4718 H
.17/.23
.15/.21
.35/.75
.60/.95
.............
.30/.60
1.55/2.00
.85/1.25
.20/.30
.30/.40
.............
.............
4720 H
.17/.23
.45/.75
.30/.60
.85/1.25
.15/.25
.............
4815 H
4817 H
4820 H
.12/.18
.14/.20
.17/.23
.30/.70
.30/.70
.40/.80
.............
.............
.............
3.20/3.80
3.20/3.80
3.20/3.80
.20/.30
.20/.30
.20/.30
.............
.............
.............
50B40 Hb
50B44 Hb
5046 H
50B46 Hb
50B50 Hb
50B60 Hb
.37/.44
.42/.49
.43/.50
.43/.50
.47/.54
.55/.65
.65/1.10
.65/1.10
.65/1.10
.65/1.10
.65/1.10
.65/1.10
.30/.70
.30/.70
.13/.43
.13/.43
.30/.70
.30/.70
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
............
............
............
............
............
............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
a
b
S = .035/.050
B = .0005/.003
STANDARD H STEELS - continued

SAE
No.
Mn
Cr
Ni
5120 H
5130 H
5132 H
5135 H
5140 H
5147 H
5150 H
5155 H
5160 H
51B60Hb
.17/.23
.27/.33
.29/.35
.32/.38
.37/.44
.45/.52
.47/.54
.50/.60
.55/.65
.55/.65
.60/1.00
.60/1.10
.50/.90
.50/.90
.60/1.00
.60/1.05
.60/1.00
.60/1.00
.65/1.10
.65/1.10
.60/1.00
.75/1.20
.65/1.10
.70/1.15
.60/1.00
.80/1.25
.60/1.00
.60/1.00
.60/1.00
.60/1.00
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
6118 H
6150 H
.15/.21
.47/.54
.40/.80
.60/1.00
.40/.80
.75/1.20
81B45 Hb
.42/.49
.70/1.05
.30/.60
.15/.45
.08/.15
..............
8617 H
8620 H
8622 H
8625 H
8627 H
8630 H
86B30 Hb
8637 H
8640 H
8642 H
8645 H
86B45 Hb
8650 H
8655 H
8660 H
8720 H
8740 H
.14/.20
.17/.23
.19/.25
.22/.28
.24/.30
.27/.33
.27/.33
.34/.41
.37/.44
.39/.46
.42/.49
.42/.49
.47/.54
.50/.60
.55/.65
.17/.23
.37/.44
.60/.95
.60/.95
.60/.95
.60/.95
.60/.95
.60/.95
.60/.95
.70/1.05
.70/1.05
.70/1.05
.70/1.05
.70/1.05
.70/1.05
.70/1.05
.70/1.05
.60/.95
.70/1.05
.35/.65
.35/.65
.35/.65
.35/.65
.35/.65
.35/.65
.35/.65
.35/.65
.35/.65
.35/.65
.35/.65
.35/.65
.35/.65
.35/.65
.35/.65
.35/.65
.35/.65
.35/.75
.35/.75
.35/.75
.35/.75
.35/.75
.35/.75
.35/.75
.35/.75
.35/.75
.35/.75
.35/.75
.35/.75
.35/.75
.35/.75
.35/.75
.35/.75
.35/.75
.15/.25
.15/.25
.15/.25
.15/.25
.15/.25
.15/.25
.15/.25
.15/.25
.15/.25
.15/.25
.15/.25
.15/.25
.15/.25
.15/.25
.15/.25
.20/.30
.20/.30
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
8822 H
.19/.25
.70/1.05
.35/.65
.35/.75
.30/.40
9260 H
.55/.65
.65/1.10
.............
9310 H
94B15 Hb
94B17 Hb
94B30 Hb
.07/.13
.12/.18
.14/.20
.27/.33
.40/.70 1.00/1.45 2.95/3.55

.70/1.05 .25/.55
.25/.65
.70/1.05 .25/.55
.25/.65
.70/1.05 .25/.55
.25/.65
Mo
Other
.............. ..............
.............. ..............
.............. ..............
.............. ............
.............. ..............
.............. ..............
.............. ..............
............. ..............
.............. ..............
.............. ..............
V
.............. ..............
.10/.15
.............. ..............
.15
..............
Si
.............. .............. 1.70/2.20
.08/.15
.08/.15
.08/.15
.08/.15
..............
..............
..............
..............
Unless specified:
Si = .15/.35, P = .030 max (SAE J1268), S = .040 max, Cu = .35 max, Ni = .25 max,
Cr = .20 max, Mo = .06 max
b
B = .0005/.003
10
STANDARD CARBON and

CARBON BORON H STEELS
SAE
No.
Mn
P
Max
S
Max
Si
1038 H
1045 H
1522 H
1524 H
1526 H
1541 H
15B21*
15B28H
15B30H
15B35H*
15B37H*
15B41H*
15B48H*
15B62H*
.34/.43
.42/.51
.17/.25
.18/.26
.21/.30
.35/.45
.17/.24
.25/.34
.27/.35
.31/.39
.30/.39
.35/.45
.43/.53
.54/.67
.50/1.00
.50/1.00
1.00/1.50
1.25/1.75
1.00/1.50
1.25/1.75
.70/1.20
1.0/1.50
.70/1.20
.70/1.20
1.00/1.50
1.25/1.75
1.00/1.50
1.00/1.50
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.15/.35
.15/.35
.15/.35
.15/.35
.15/.35
.15/.35
.15/.35
.15/.35
.15/.35
.15/.35
.15/.35
.15/.35
.15/.35
.40/.60
For electric furnace steels P & S = .025 max and the prefix E is added.
* B = .0005/.003
RESTRICTED HARDENABILITY STEELS

SAE
No.
15B21RH*
15B35RH*
3310RH
4027RH
4118RH
4120RH
4130RH
4140RH
4145RH
4161RH
4320RH
4620RH
4820RH
50B40RH*
5130RH
5140RH
5160RH
8620RH
8622RH
8720RH
8822RH
9310RH
Mn
Si
.17/.22
.33/.38
.08/.13
.25/.30
.18/.23
.18/.23
.28/.33
.38/.43
.43/.48
.56/.64
.17/.22
.17/.22
.18/.23
.38/.43
.28/.33
.38/.43
.56/.64
.18/.23
.20/.25
.18/.23
.20/.25
.08/.13
.80/1.10
.80/1.10
.40/.60
.70/.90
.70/.90
.90/1.20
.40/.60
.75/1.00
.75/1.00
.75/1.00
.45/.65
.45/.65
.50/.70
.75/1.00
.70/.90
.70/.90
.75/1.00
.70/.90
.70/.90
.70/.90
.75/1.00
.45/.65
.15/.35
.15/.35
.15/.35
.15/.35
.15/.35
.15/.35
.15/.35
.15/.35
.15/.35
.15/.35
.15/.35
.15/.35
.15/.35
.15/.35
.15/.35
.15/.35
.15/.35
.15/.35
.15/.35
.15/.35
.15/.35
.15/.35
Ni
Cr
Unless specified: Cu = .35 max, Ni = .25 max, Cr = .20 max, Mo = .06 max
* B = .0005 /.003
11
Mo
.............
............. .............
.............
............. .............
3.25/3.75 1.40/1.75 .............
.............
............. .20/.30
.............
.40/.60
.08/.15
.............
.40/.60
.13/.20
.............
.80/1.10 .15/.25
.............
.80/1.10 .15/.25
.............
.80/1.10 .15/.25
.............
.70/.90
.25/.35
1.65/2.00
.40/.60
.20/.30
1.65/2.00 ............. .20/.30
3.25/3.75 ............. .20/.30
.............
.40/.60 .............
.............
.80/1.10 .............
.............
.70/.90 .............
.............
.70/.90 .............
.40/.70
.40/.60
.15/.25
.40/.70
.40/.60
.15/.25
.40/.70
.40/.60
.20/.30
.40/.70
.40/.60
.30/.40
3.00/3.50 1.00/1.40 .08/.15
FORMERLY STANDARD STEELS

SAE
No.
Mn
P
Max
S
Max
1009
1013
1033
1034
1037
1059
1062
1064
1069
1075
1084
1085
1086
.15 max
.11/.16
.30/.36
.32/.38
.32/.38
.55/.65
.54/.65
.60/.70
.65/.75
.70/.80
.80/.93
.80/.93
.80/.94
.60 max
.50/.80
.70/1.00
.50/.80
.70/1.00
.50/.80
.85/1.15
.50/.80
.40/.70
.40/.70
.60/.90
.70/1.00
.30/.50
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
1108
1109
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1119
1120
1126
1132
1138
1139
1145
1151
.08/.13
.08/.13
.13 max
.13 max
.13 max
.10/.16
.13/.18
.14/.20
.14/.20
.18/.23
.23/.29
.27/.34
.34/.40
.35/.43
.42/.49
.48/.55
.50/.80
.60/.90
.60/.90
.70/1.00
.70/1.00
1.00/1.30
.60/.90
1.10/1.40
1.00/1.30
.70/1.00
.70/1.00
1.35/1.65
.70/1.00
1.35/1.65
.70/1.00
.70/1.00
.040
.040
.07/0.12
.07/0.12
.07/0.12
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.08/.13
.08/.13
.10/.15
.16/.23
.24/.33
.08/.13
.08/.13
.16/.23
.24/.33
.08/.13
.08/.13
.08/.13
.08/.13
.13/.20
.04/.07
.08/.13
1211
1320
1345
.13 max
.18/.23
.43/.48
.60/.90
1.60/1.90
1.60/1.90
.07/.12
.040
.035
.10/.15
.040
.040
1518
1525
1536
1547
1551
1561
1572
.15/.21
.23/.29
.30/.37
.43/.51
.45/.56
.55/.65
.65/.76
1.10/1.40
.80/1.10
1.20/1.50
1.35/1.65
.85/1.15
.75/1.05
1.00/1.30
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
12
FORMERLY STANDARD STEELS - continued

SAE
No.
Mn
Cr
Ni
Mo
Other
2317
2330
2340
2345
2512
2515
2517
.15/.20
.28/.33
.38/.43
.43/.48
.09/.14
.12/.17
.15/.20
.40/.60
.60/.80
.70/.90
.70/.90
.45/.60
.40/.60
.45/.60
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
3.25/3.75
3.25/3.75
3.25/3.75
3.25/3.75
4.75/5.25
4.75/5.25
4.75/5.25
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
3115
3120
3130
3135
3140
3140
3145
3150
3215
3220
3230
3240
3245
3250
3310
3311
3312
3316
3325
3335
3340
3415
3435
3450
.13/.18
.17/.22
.28/.33
.33/.38
.38/.43
.38/.43
.43/.48
.48/.53
.10/.20
.15/.25
.25/.35
.35/.45
.40/.50
.45/.55
.08/.13
.10/.16
.08/.13
.14/.19
.20/.30
.30/.40
.35/.45
.10/.20
.30/.40
.45/.55
.40/.60
.60/.80
.60/.80
.60/.80
.70/.90
.70/.90
.70/.90
.70/.90
.30/.60
.30/.60
.30/.60
.30/.60
.30/.60
.30/.60
.45/.60
.30/.50
.45/.60
.45/.60
.30/.60
.30/.60
.30/.60
.30/.60
.30/.60
.30/.60
.55/.75
.55/.75
.55/.75
.55/.75
.70/.90
.55/.75
.70/.90
.70/.90
.90/1.25
.90/1.25
.90/1.25
.90/1.25
.90/1.25
.90/1.25
1.40/1.75
1.30/1.60
1.40/1.75
1.40/1.75
1.25/1.75
1.25/1.75
1.25/1.75
.60/.95
.60/.95
.60/.95
1.10/1.40
1.10/1.40
1.10/1.40
1.10/1.40
1.10/1.40
1.10/1.40
1.10/1.40
1.10/1.40
1.50/2.00
1.50/2.00
1.50/2.00
1.50/2.00
1.50/2.00
1.50/2.00
3.25/3.75
3.25/3.75
3.25/3.75
3.25/3.75
3.25/3.75
3.25/3.75
3.25/3.75
2.75/3.25
2.75/3.25
2.75/3.25
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.15 max
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
4012
4024
4032
4042
4053
4063
4068
4119
4125
4135
4161
4317
4337
.09/.14
.20/.25
.30/.35
.40/.45
.50/.56
.60/.67
.63/.70
.17/.22
.23/.28
.33/.38
.56/.64
.15/.20
.35/.40
.75/1.00
.70/.90
.70/.90
.70/.90
.75/1.00
.75/1.00
.75/1.00
.70/.90
.70/.90
.70/.90
.75/1.00
.45/.65
.60/.80
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.40/.60
.40/.60
.80/1.10
.70/.90
.40/.60
.70/.90
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
1.65/2.00
1.65/2.00
.............
.20/.30
.20/.30
.20/.30
.20/.30
.20/.30
.20/.30
.20/.30
.20/.30
.15/.25
.25/.35
.20/.30
.20/.30
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
S = .035/.50
13

SAE
No.
Mn
Cr
Ni
Mo
Other
4419
4419H
4422
4427
4608
46B12*
4615
4617
4620
4621
4621H
4626
4640
4718
4812
4817
.18/.23
.17/.23
.20/.25
.24/.29
.06/.11
.10/.15
.13/.18
.15/.20
.18/.23
.18/.23
.17/.23
.24/.29
.38/.43
.16/.21
.10/.15
.15/.20
.45/.65
.35/.75
.70/.90
.70/.90
.25/.45
.45/.65
.45/.65
.45/.65
.50/.70
.70/.90
.60/1.00
.45/.65
.60/.80
.70/.90
.40/.60
.40/.60
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
.35/.55
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
1.40/1.75
1.65/2.00
1.65/2.00
1.65/2.00
1.65/2.00
1.65/2.00
1.55/2.00
.70/1.00
1.65/2.00
.90/1.20
3.25/3.75
3.25/3.75
.45/.60
.45/.60
.35/.45
.35/.45
.15/.25
.20/.30
.20/.30
.20/.30
.20/.30
.20/.30
.20/.30
.15/.25
.20/.30
.30/.40
.20/.30
.20/.30
.............
..............
..............
..............
.............
.............
..............
.............
.............
.............
..............
..............
.............
..............
.............
..............
5015
50B40*
50B44*
5045
5046
50B50*
5060
50B60*
5115
5117
5135
5145
5145H
5147
5152
5155
50100
.12/.17
.38/.43
.43/.48
.43/.48
.43/.48
.48/.53
.56/.64
.56/.64
.13/.18
.15/.20
.33/.38
.43/.48
.42/.49
.46/.51
.48/.55
.51/.59
.98/1.10
.30/.50
.75/1.00
.75/1.00
.70/.90
.75/1.00
.75/1.00
.75/1.00
.75/1.00
.70/.90
.70/.90
.60/.80
.70/.90
.60/1.00
.70/.95
.70/.90
.70/.90
.25/.45
.30/.50
.40/.60
.40/.60
.55/.75
.20/.35
.40/.60
.40/.60
.40/.60
.70/.90
.70/.90
.80/1.05
.70/.90
.60/1.00
.85/1.15
.90/1.20
.70/.90
.40/.60
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
6115
6117
6118
6120
6125
6130
6135
6140
6145
6195
.10/.20
.15/.20
.16/.21
.17/.22
.20/.30
.25/.35
.30/.40
.35/.45
.43/.48
.90/1.05
.30/.60
.70/.90
.50/.70
.70/.90
.60/.90
.60/.90
.60/.90
.60/.90
.70/.90
.20/.45
.80/1.10
.70/.90
.50/.70
.70/.90
.80/1.10
.80/1.10
.80/1.10
.80/1.10
.80/1.10
.80/1.10
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
V
.15 min
.10 min
.10/.15
.10 min
.15 min
.15 min
.15 min
.15 min
.15 min
.15 min
71360
71660
7260
.50/.70
.50/.70
.50/.70
.30 max 3.00/4.00

.30 max 3.00/4.00
.30 max .50/1.00
..............
..............
..............
.............. 12.00/15.00
.............. 15.00/18.00
.............. 1.50/2.00
* B = .0005/.003
14

SAE
No.
Mn
Cr
Ni
Mo
Other
8115
81B45*
8625
8627
8632
8635
8641
8642
86B45*
8647
8650
8653
8655
8660
8715
8717
8719
8735
8740
8742
8745
8750
.13/.18
.43/.48
.23/.28
.25/.30
.30/.35
.33/.38
.38/.43
.40/.45
.43/.48
.45/.50
.48/.53
.50/.56
.51/.59
.56/.64
.13/.18
.15/.20
.18/.23
.33/.38
.38/.43
.40/.45
.43/.48
.48/.53
.70/.90
.75/1.00
.70/.90
.70/.90
.70/.90
.75/1.00
.75/1.00
.75/1.00
.75/1.00
.75/1.00
.75/1.00
.75/1.00
.75/1.00
.75/1.00
.70/.90
.70/.90
.60/.80
.75/1.00
.75/1.00
.75/1.00
.75/1.00
.75/1.00
.30/.50
.35/.55
.40/.60
.40/.60
.40/.60
.40/.60
.40/.60
.40/.60
.40/.60
.40/.60
.40/.60
.50/.80
.40/.60
.40/.60
.40/.60
.40/.60
.40/.60
.40/.60
.40/.60
.40/.60
.40/.60
.40/.60
.20/.40
.20/.40
.40/.70
.40/.70
.40/.70
.40/.70
.40/.70
.40/.70
.40/.70
.40/.70
.40/.70
.40/.70
.40/.70
.40/.70
.40/.70
.40/.70
.40/.70
.40/.70
.40/.70
.40/.70
.40/.70
.40/.70
.08/.15
.08/.15
.15/.25
.15/.25
.15/.25
.15/.25
.15/.25
.15/.25
.15/.25
.15/.25
.15/.25
.15/.25
.15/.25
.15/.25
.20/.30
.20/.30
.20/.30
.20/.30
.20/.30
.20/.30
.20/.30
.20/.30
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
92501
92542
92551
92611
92621
9310
9315
9317
94B15
94B17
94B30*
9437
9440
94B40*
9442
9445
9447
9747
9763
9840
9845
9850
438V12*
438V14*
.45/.55
.51/.59
.51/.59
.55/.65
.55/.65
.08/.13
.13/.18
.15/.20
.13/.18
.15/.20
.28/.33
.35/.40
.38/.43
.38/.43
.40/.45
.43/.48
.45/.50
.45/.50
.60/.67
.38/.43
.43/.48
.48/.53
.08/.13
.10/.15
.60/.90
.60/.80
.70/.95
.75/1.00
.75/1.00
.45/.65
.45/.65
.45/.65
.75/1.00
.75/1.00
.75/1.00
.90/1.20
.90/1.20
.75/1.00
.90/1.20
.90/1.20
.90/1.20
.50/.80
.50/.80
.70/.90
.70/.90
.70/.90
.75/1.00
.45/.65
.............
.60/.80
.............
.10/.25
.25/.40
1.00/1.40
1.00/1.40
1.00/1.40
.30/.50
.30/.50
.30/.50
.30/.50
.30/.50
.30/.60
.30/.50
.30/.50
.30/.50
.10/.25
.10/.25
.70/.90
.70/.90
.70/.90
.40/.60
.40/.60
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
3.00/3.50
3.00/3.50
3.00/3.50
.30/.60
.30/.60
.30/.60
.30/.60
.30/.60
.30/.60
.30/.60
.30/.60
.30/.60
.40/.70
.40/.70
.85/1.15
.85/1.15
.85/1.15
1.65/2.00
1.65/2.00
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.08/.15
.08/.15
.08/.15
.08/.15
.08/.15
.08/.15
.08/.15
.08/.15
.08/.15
.08/.15
.08/.15
.08/.15
.15/.25
.15/.25
.20/.30
.20/.30
.20/.30
.20/.30
.08/.15
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
V
.03 min
.03 min
* B = .0005/.003
S = .04/.60
1
2
Si = 1.80/2.20
Si = 1.20/1.60
15
SELECTED MILITARY SPECIFICATIONS

MIL
16
S-5000
S-507831
S-5626
S-6049
S-6050
S-67092
S-6758
S-71083
S-7393
S-7420
S-85034
Solid
or
Tube
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Nearest Equivalent
C
Mn
.38/.43
.65/.85
1.00/1.15 1.60/1.90
.38/.43
.75/1.00
.38/.43
.75/1.00
.28/.33
.70/.90
.38/.43
.50/.70
.28/.33
.40/.60
.23/.28
1.20/1.50
.08/.13
.45/.60
.14/.19
.45/.60
.07/.13
.40/.70
.95/1.10
.25/.45
.48/.53
.70/.90
P
Max
S
Max
Si
Cr
Ni
Mo
.025
.035
.025
.025
.025
.025
.025
.040
.015
.025
.025
.025
.025
.025
.040
.025
.025
.025
.025
.025
.040
.015
.025
.025
.025
.025
.15/.35
.70/1.00
.20/.35
.20/.35
.20/.35
.20/.40
.20/.35
1.30/1.70
.20/.35
.20/.35
.20/.35
.20/.35
.20/.35
.70/.90
.20 max
.80/1.10
.40/.60
.40/.60
1.40/1.80
.80/1.10
.40 max.
1.25/1.75
1.25/1.75
1.00/1.40
1.30/1.60
.75/1.20
1.65/2.00
.25 max
.25 max
.40/.70
.40/.70
..............
.25 max
1.65/2.00
3.25/3.75
3.25/4.00
3.00/3.50
..............
..............
.20/.30
.06 max
.15/.25
.20/.30
.15/.25
.30/.40
.15/.25
.35/.45
..............
..............
.08/.15
..............
..............
Aircraft Quality Steels Except Where Indicated

Cu = .35 max unless specified
1
Al = .020 max
Al = .95/1.35
P & S = .025 max if Basic Electric Furnace Steel is specified
4
V = .15 min
2
3
* Timken Company mill type
AMS
SAE No.
6415
E4340
6382
638740
6280
6470
637
6418
6250
..............
..............
6440
6448
4140
8630
..............
4130
4625M4*
3310
3316
9310
52100
6150
SELECTED MILITARY SPECIFICATIONS - continued

Solid
or
Tube
S-8690
S-86953
S-86993,6
S-8707
S-8844-1
S-8844-36
T-5066
S
S
S
S
S or T
S or T
T
18/.23
.34/.41
.28/.33
.38/.43
.38/.43
.40/.45
.22/.28
S-115957
S-115957
S-115957,8
S-460478
S
S
S
S
.48/.55
.47/.55
.41/.49
.38/.45
MIL
5
Nearest Equivalent
Mn
17
P
Max
S
Max
Si
.70/1.00
.60/1.00
.80/1.00
.70/.90
.65/.90
.65/.90
.30/.60
.025
.040
.040
.040
.010
.010
.025
.025
.040
.040
.040
.010
.010
.025
.20/.35
.20/.35
.20/.35
.20/.35
.15/.35
1.45/1.80
.30 max
.40/.60
.............
.75/.95
.70/.90
.70/.90
.70/.95
.............
.40/.70
.............
1.65/2.00
.85/1.15
1.65/2.00
1.65/2.00
.............
.15/.25
.20/.30
.35/.50
.20/.30
.20/.30
.35/.45
.............
6274
8620
6300
4037
6427
4330M4V1*
6342
9840
.............
4340
.............
300M
.............
1025
.75/1.00
.70/1.00
.60/.90
.75/1.00
.040
.040
.040
.025
.040
.05/.09
.040
.020
.20/.35
.20/.35
.20/.35
.20/.35
.80/1.10
.80/1.15
.80/1.15
.95/1.25
.............
.............
.............
.............
.15/.25
.15/.25
.30/.40
.55/.70
.............
4150
.............
41R50
............. 4142M3V2*
.............
.............
Aircraft Quality Steels Except Where Indicated

Cu = .35 max unless specified
5
P & S = .015 max if consumable vacuum melted steel is specified

V = .05/.10
Al = .040 max
8
V = .20/.30
6
7
Cr
Ni
Mo
AMS
* Timken Company mill type
SAE No.
SELECTED AMS ALLOY STEEL SPECIFICATIONS

18
AMS
Number
Mn
Si
Cr
Ni
Mo
Other
Designations
6250
62601
6263
6264
62652
62663
6270
6272
6274
62753
6280
6281
6282
6290
6292
6294
6299
63004
.07/.13
.07/.13
.11/.17
.14/.20
.07/.13
.08/.13
.11/.17
.15/.20
.17/.23
.15/.20
.28/.33
.28/.33
.33/.38
.11/.17
.15/.20
.17/.22
.17/.23
.35/.40
.40/.70
.40/.70
.40/.70
.40/.70
.40/.70
.75/1.00
.70/1.00
.70/1.00
.75/1.00
.60/.95
.70/.90
.70/.90
.75/1.00
.45/.65
.45/.65
.45/.65
.40/.70
.70/.90
.15/.35
.15/.35
.15/.35
.15/.35
.15/.35
.20/.40
.15/.35
.15/.35
.15/.35
.15/.35
.15/.35
.15/.35
.15/.35
.15/.35
.15/.35
.15/.35
.15/.35
.15/.35
1.25/1.75
1.00/1.40
1.00/1.40
1.00/1.40
1.00/1.40
.40/.60
.40/.60
.40/.60
.35/.65
.30/.50
.40/.60
.40/.60
.40/.60
.20 max
.20 max
.20 max
.35/.65
.20 max
3.25/3.75
3.00/3.50
3.00/3.50
3.00/3.50
3.00/3.50
1.65/2.00
.40/.70
.40/.70
.35/.75
.30/.60
.40/.70
.40/.70
.40/.70
1.65/2.00
1.65/2.00
1.65/2.00
1.55/2.00
.25 max
.06 max
.08/.15
.08/.15
.08/.15
.08/.15
.20/.30
.15/.25
.15/.25
.15/.25
.08/.15
.15/.25
.15/.25
.20/.30
.20/.30
.20/.30
.20/.30
.20/.30
.20/.30
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
.03/.08
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
3310
9310
9315
9317
9310
43BV12
8615
8617
8620
94B17
8630
8630
8735
4615
4617
4620
4320
4037
P & S = .025 max, Cu = .35 max unless specified

1
3
B = .001 max
B = .0005/.005
3
P & S = .015 max
P & S = .040 max
SELECTED AMS ALLOY STEEL SPECIFICATIONS - continued

19
AMS
Number
Mn
Si
Cr
Ni
Mo
6302
63035
6304
6312
6320
63216
6322
6323
6324
6328
6342
6371
6372
6381
6382
6407
64097
.28/.33
.25/.30
.40/.50
.38/.43
.33/.38
.38/.43
.38/.43
.38/.43
.38/.43
.48/.53
.38/.43
.28/.33
.33/.38
.38/.43
.38/.43
.27/.33
.38/.43
.45/.65
.60/.90
.40/.70
.60/.80
.75/1.00
.75/1.00
.75/1.00
.75/1.00
.75/1.00
.75/1.00
.70/.90
.40/.60
.70/.90
.75/1.00
.75/1.00
.60/.80
.65/.85
.55/.75
.55/.75
.15/.35
.15/.35
.15/.35
.15/.35
.15/.35
.15/.35
.15/.35
.15/.35
.15/.35
.15/.35
.15/.35
.15/.35
.15/.35
.40/.70
.15/.35
1.00/1.50
1.00/1.50
.80/1.10
.20 max
.40/.60
.30/.55
.40/.60
.40/.60
.55/.75
.40/.60
.70/.90
.80/1.10
.80/1.10
.80/1.10
.80/1.10
1.00/1.35
.70/.90
.25 max.
.50 max.
.25 max.
1.65/2.00
.40/.70
.20/.40
.40/.70
.40/.70
.55/.85
.40/.70
.85/1.15
.25 max
.25 max
.25 max
.25 max
1.85/2.25
1.65/2.00
.40/.60
.40/.60
.45/.65
.20/.30
.20/.30
.08/.15
.20/.30
.20/.30
.20/.30
.20/.30
.20/.30
.15/.25
.15/.25
.15/.25
.15/.25
.35/.55
.20/.30
.20/.30
.75/.95
.25/.35
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............

5
Cu = .50 max
6
B = .0005/.005
7
P = .015 max, S = .008 max
* Special Aircraft Quality
Other
Designations
17-22-AS
17-22-AV
4640
8735
81B40
8740
8740
8740 Mod
8750
9840
4130
4135
4140
4140
HS220-07
4340*
SELECTED AMS ALLOY STEEL SPECIFICATIONS - continued

20
AMS
Number
Mn
Si
Cr
Ni
Mo
6412
64148
6415
6418
64199
642110
642210
6427
6428
64308
64319
6440
64448
64458
6448
.35/.40
.38/.43
.38/.43
.23/.28
.40/.45
.35/.40
.38/.43
.28/.33
.32/.38
.32/.38
.45/.50
.98/1.10
.98/1.10
.92/1.02
.48/.53
.65/.85
.60/.90
.65/.85
1.20/1.50
.60/.90
.65/.85
.65/.85
.75/1.00
.60/.80
.60/.90
.60/.90
.25/.45
.25/.45
.95/1.25
.70/.90
.15/.35
.15/.35
.15/.35
1.30/1.70
1.45/1.80
.15/.35
.15/.35
.15/.35
.15/.35
.40/.60
.15/.30
.15/.35
.15/.35
.50/.70
.15/.35
.70/.90
.70/.90
.70/.90
.20/.40
.70/.95
.70/.90
.70/.90
.75/1.00
.65/.90
.65/.90
.90/1.20
1.30/1.60
1.30/1.60
.90/1.15
.80/1.10
1.65/2.00
1.65/2.00
1.65/2.00
1.65/2.00
1.65/2.00
.70/1.00
.70/1.00
1.65/2.00
1.65/2.00
1.65/2.00
.40/.70
.25 max
.25 max
.25 max
.25 max
.20/.30
.20/.30
.20/.30
.35/.45
.30/.50
.15/.25
.15/.25
.35/.50
.30/.40
.30/.40
.90/1.10
.10 max
.08 max
.08 max
.06 max
..............
..............
..............
..............
.05/.10
..............
.01/.06
.05/.10
.17/.23
.17/.23
.08/.15
..............
..............
..............
.15/.30

8
P & S = .015 max
9
P & S = .010 max
10
B = .0005/.005
Other
Designations
4337
CV4340
4340
4625M4
300M
98B37 Mod
98B40 Mod
4330M4V1
4335M4V2
D6-AC
52100
CV52100
51100
6150
NITRIDING STEELS
21
AMS
Number
Mn
Si
Cr
Ni
Mo
Al
6470
6471
6472*
6475
.38/.43
.38/.43
.38/.43
.21/.26
.50/.80
.50/.80
.50/.70
.50/.70
.20/.40
.15/.40
.20/.40
.20/.40
1.40/1.80
1.40/1.80
1.40/1.80
1.00/1.25
.............
.25 max
.............
3.25/3.75
.30/.40
.30/.40
.30/.40
.20/.30
.95/1.30
.95/1.30
.95/1.30
1.10/1.40
* P = .035 max, S = .040 max
Other
Designations
135M or #3
Nit #3
N
AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEELS

22
Type
Number
C
Max
201
202
301
302
302B
303
304
TP304
304L
TP304L
TP304H
305
308
309
310
TP310
314
316
TP316
316L
TP316L
TP316H
.15 max
.15 max
.15 max
.15 max
.15 max
.15 max
.08 max
.08
.03
.035
.04/.10
.12
.08
.20
.25
.15
.25
.08
.08
.03
.035
.04/.10
Mn
Max
Si
Max
5.5/7.5
1.00
7.5/10.0
1.00
2.00
1.00
2.00
1.00
2.00
2.00/3.00
2.00
1.00
2.00
1.00
2.00
.75
2.00
1.00
2.00
.75
2.00
.75
2.00
1.00
2.00
1.00
2.00
1.00
2.00
1.50
2.00
.75
2.00
1.50/3.00
2.00
1.00
2.00
.75
2.00
1.00
2.00
.75
2.00
.75
* At producers option, reported only when intentionally added.
P
Max
S
Max
Cr
Ni
Others
.060
.060
.045
.045
.045
.200
.045
.040
.045
.040
.040
.045
.045
.045
.045
.040
.045
.045
.040
.045
.040
.040
.030
.030
.030
.030
.030
.15 min
.030
.030
.030
.030
.030
.030
.030
.030
.030
.030
.030
.030
.030
.030
.030
.030
16.00/18.00
17.00/19.00
16.00/18.00
17.00/19.00
17.00/19.00
17.00/19.00
18.00/20.00
18.00/20.00
18.00/20.00
18.00/20.00
18.00/20.00
17.00/19.00
19.00/21.00
22.00/24.00
24.00/26.00
24.00/26.00
23.00/26.00
16.00/18.00
16.00/18.00
16.00/18.00
16.00/18.00
..............
3.50/5.50
4.00/6.00
6.00/8.00
8.00/10.00
8.00/10.00
8.00/10.00
8.00/10.50
8.00/11.00
8.00/12.00
8.00/13.00
8.00/11.00
10.50/13.00
10.00/12.00
12.00/15.00
19.00/22.00
19.00/22.00
19.00/22.00
10.00/14.00
11.00/14.00
10.00/14.00
10.00/15.00
11.00/14.00
N = 0.25 max
N = 0.25 max
.............
.............
.............
Zr, Mo = .60 max*
.............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
Mo=2.00/3.00
Mo=2.00/3.00
Mo=2.00/3.00
Mo=2.00/3.00
Mo=2.00/3.00
AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEELS - continued

23
Type
Number
C
Max
Mn
Max
Si
Max
P
Max
S
Max
Cr
Ni
Others
TP317
321
TP321
.08
.08
.08
2.00
2.00
2.00
.75
1.00
.75
.040
.045
.040
.030
.030
.030
18.00/20.00
17.00/19.00
17.00/20.00
11.00/14.00
9.00/12.00
9.00/13.00
Mo=3.00/4.00
Ti = 5 x C min, .60 max
TP321H
347
TP347
.04/.10
.08
.08
2.00
2.00
2.00
.75
1.00
.75
.040
.045
.040
.030
.030
.030
17.00/20.00
17.00/19.00
17.00/20.00
9.00/13.00
9.00/13.00
9.00/13.00
TP347H
.04/.10
2.00
.75
.040
.030
17.00/20.00
9.00/13.00
348
.08
2.00
1.00
.045
.030
17.00/19.00
9.00/13.00
TP348
.08
2.00
.75
.040
.030
17.00/20.00
9.00/13.00
TP348H
.04/.10
2.00
.75
.040
.030
17.00/20.00
9.00/13.00
384
385
.08
.08
2.00
2.00
1.00
1.00
.045
.045
.030
.030
15.00/17.00
11.50/13.50
17.00/19.00
14.00/16.00

Cb +Ta=10 x C min
Cb + Ta=10 x C min
=1.00 max
Cb + Ta=8 x C min
=1.00 max
Cb + Ta=10 x C min
Ta=.10 max
Cb + Ta=10 x C min
Cb + Ta= 1.00 max
Cb + Ta= 8 x C min
Ta=.10 max
Cb + Ta=1.00 max
..............
..............
H = Grades for high temperature service.

TP = Tubular Products
CHROMIUM STAINLESS STEELS

Type
Number
24
403
405
TP405
410
TP410
414
416
420
TP420
430
430F
431
440A
440B
440C
TP443
501
502
C
Max
Mn
Max
Si
Max
P
Max
S
Max
Cr
Ni
Others
.15
.08
.08
.15
.15
.15
.15
Over .15
Over .15
.12
.12
.20
.60/.75
.75/.95
.95/1.20
.20
Over .10
.10
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.25
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.25
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
.50
1.00
.75
1.00
.75
1.00
1.00
1.00
.75
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
.75
1.00
1.00
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.060
.040
.030
.040
.060
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.030
.030
.030
.030
.030
.030
.150 min
.030
.030
.030
.150 min
.030
.030
.030
.030
.030
.030
.030
11.50/13.00
11.50/14.50
11.50/13.50
11.50/13.50
11.50/13.50
11.50/13.50
12.00/14.00
12.00/14.00
12.00/14.00
16.00/18.00
..............
15.00/17.00
16.00/18.00
16.00/18.00
16.00/18.00
18.00/23.00
4.00/ 6.00
4.00/ 6.00
..............
..............
.50 max
..............
.50 max
1.25/2.50
..............
..............
.50 max
..............
..............
1.25/2.50
..............
..............
..............
.50 max
..............
.............
Turbine Quality
AI=.10/.30
AI=.10/.30
..............
..............
..............
Zr, Mo= .60 max*
..............
..............
..............
Mo= .60 max*
..............
Mo=.75 max
Mo=.75 max
Mo=.75 max
Cu =.90/1.25
Mo=.40/.65
Mo=.40/.65
Prefix TP denotes tubular products.

Suffixes A, B and C denote differing carbon ranges for the same grade. F denotes a free machining grade.
*At producers option, reported only when intentionally added.
SELECTED ASTM SPECIFICATIONS

ASTM
Number
A106*
A182
25
A192
A200
A209
Grade
Mn
Si
Cr
Ni
Mo
A
B
C
F11
F12
A
T4
T5
T7
T9
T11
T21
T22
T91**
T1
T1b
.25 max
.30 max
.35 max
.10/.20
.10/.20
.06/.18
.05/.15
.15 max
.15 max
.15 max
.05/.15
.05/.15
.05/.15
.08/.12
.10/.20
.14 max
.27/.93
.29/1.06
.29/1.06
.30/.80
.30/.80
.27/.63
.30/.60
.30/.60
.30/.60
.30/.60
.30/.60
.30/.60
.30/.60
.30/.60
.30/.80
.30/.80
.10 min
.10 min
.10 min
.50/1.00
.10/.60
.25 max
.50/1.00
.50 max
.50/1.00
.25/1.00
.50/1.00
.50 max
.50 max
.20/.50
.10/.50
.10/.50
.40 max
.40 max
.40 max
1.00/1.50
.80/ 1.25
.............
2.15/2.85
4.00/6.00
6.00/8.00
8.00/10.00
1.00/1.50
2.65/3.35
1.90/2.60
8.00/9.00
.............
.............
.40 max
.40 max
.40 max
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.40 max
.............
.............
.15 max
.15 max
.15 max
.44/.65
.44/.65
.............
.44/.65
.45/.65
.45/.65
.90/1.10
.44/.65
.80/1.06
.87/1.13
.85/1.05
.44/.65
.44/.65
.08 max
.08 max
.08 max
See current ASTM specifications for P & S limitations.

These grades also included in ASTM Specifications A213 and A335.
* The combined elements of Cr, Ni, Mo, V and Cu must not exceed 1%
** Cb = .06/.10, N = .03/.07, Al = .04 max
.18/.25
SELECTED ASTM SPECIFICATIONS - continued

ASTM
Number
A210
A213
26
Grade
Mn
Si
Cr
Ni
Mo
A1
C
T5b
T5c
T12
TP304H
TP310H
TP316H
TP321H
TP347H
TP348
.27 max
.35 max
.15 max
.12 max
.05/.15.
04/.10
.04/.10
.04/.10
.04/.10
.04/.10
.08 max
.93 max
.29/1.06
.30/.60
.30/.60
30/.61
2.00 max
2.00 max
2.00 max
2.00 max
2.00 max
2.00 max
.10 min
.10 min
1.00/2.00
.50 max
.50 max
.75 max
.75 max
.75 max
.75 max
.75 max
.75 max
.............
.............
4.00/6.00
4.00/6.00
.80/1.25
18.00/20.00
24.00/26.00
16.00/18.00
17.00/20.00
17.00/20.00
17.00/20.00
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
8.00/11.00
19.00/22.00
11.00/14.00
9.00/13.00
9.00/13.00
9.00/13.00
.............
.............
.45/.65
.45/.65
.44/.65
.............
.............
2.00/3.00
.............
.............
.............
See current ASTM specifications for P & S limitations

These grades also included in ASTM Specifications A312 and A376.
Others

Cb + Ta=8 x C min,1.00 max
Cb + Ta=10 x C min,
Ta=.10 max
Cb + Ta=1.00 max
TIMKEN TUBULAR HOLLOW DRILL STEELS

Type
TDS-10
TDS-30
TDS-50
TDS-70
TDS-90
C
.72/.85
.17/.22
.27/.33
.25/.31
.23/.28
Mn
.30/ .60
.45/ .65
.60/ .80
.80/1.20
.40/ .60
Si
..............
.15/.30
.40/.70
.50/.80
.15/.30
Cr
..............
.40/ .60
1.00/1.35
1.90/2.40
3.00/3.50
Ni
..............
1.65/2.00
1.85/2.25
.25 max.
..............
Mo
..............
.20/.30
.35/.55
.25/.35
.45/.60
TIMKEN OIL COUNTRY STEELS

27
Type
4130M-5
4130M-6
4130M-7
4130M-8
4130M-9
C
.25/.33
.25/.33
.25/.33
.25/.33
.25/.33
Mn
.40/.70
.70/.90
.60/.90
.90/1.10
.40/.70
Si
..............
.20/.35
..............
.20/.40
..............
Cr
.90/1.20
1.00/1.50
I.20/1.50
1.00/1.50
.90/1.20
Ni
..............
.25 Max
..............
.15 Max
..............
Mo
.60/.75
.30/.40
.65/.75
.75/.85
.60/.75
Cb
.02/.05
.02/.05
.02/.05
.02/.05
Other
V = .04/.08
P = .015 max, S = .005 max
TIMKEN WELDABLE HIGH STRENGTH STEELS

Type
WHS 100
WHS 130
C
.13/.21
.20/.27
Mn
1.00/1.30
.60/ .80
TM = Trademark of The Timken Company
Si
.15/.30
.15/.30
Cr
.65/.90
.70/.90
Ni
.40/.70
1.55/2.00
Mo
.15/.25
.20/.30
V
.03/.08
..............
B
.003 added
..............
TIMKEN HIGH STRENGTH STEELS

Type
Mn
Si
Cr
Ni
Mo
HS-220-07
HS-220-18
HS-220-27
HS-220-28
HS-220-30
HS-250
HS-260
.27/.33
.23/.30
.28/.33
.32/.38
.33/.38
.37/.44
.38/.43
.60/.80
1.20/1.50
.75/1.00
.60/.80
.60/.90
.65/.90
.60/.80
.40/.70
1.30/1.70
.15/.30
.15/.30
.40/.60
.40/.60
.50/.70
1.00/1.35
.20/.40
.75/1.00
.65/.90
.65/.90
.80/1.10
1.00/1.35
1.85/2.25
1.65/2.00
1.65/2.00
1.65/2.00
1.65/2.00
.70/1.00
1.85/2.25
.35/.55
.35/.45
.35/.50
.30/.40
.30/.40
.30/.40
.35/.50
............
............
.05/.10
.17/.23
.17/.23
............
............
28
TIMKEN MICROALLOY STEELS

Type
Mn
Other
MicroTec 2W65
MicroTec 2W70
MicroTec 2W75
MicroTec 3W75
MicroTec 3M80A
MicroTec 3M85
MicroTec4M85
MicroTec 4M90A
MicroTec 4M95
MicroTec 5H90
.16/.20
.16/.20
.16/.22
.26/.30
.28/.33
.31/.35
.36/.40
.36/.41
.36/.40
.52/.57
1.20/1.40
1.40/1.60
1.30/1.70
1.00/1.30
1.30/1.50
1.30/1.50
1.20/1.40
1.10/1.30
1.30/1.50
.70/1.00
.06/.10
.07/.11
.10/.20
.13/.23
.08/.18
.10/.14
.04/.10
.10/.18
.08/.12
.05/.20
S=.025/.050
S=.030/.050
S = .030/.050, Si=.30/.50
S = .030/.050
S=.045 Max., Si = .50/.70, N = .012/.018
S=.025/.035
Unless specified:
P= 0.030 max., S=0.040 max., Si=0.15/0.35., Cr=0.20 max., Ni=0.25 max., Mo=0.06 max. and Cu=0.35 max.
TIMKEN ALLOY STEELS FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE SERVICE

Chemical Composition Range and Limits
C
Mn
P
Max
S
Max
Si
Cr
Mo
ASTM
No
.10/.20
.15 max
.15 max
.15 max
.15 max
.12 max
.15 max
.15 max
.15 max
.15 max
.08/.12
.30/.80
.30/.60
.30/.60
.30/.60
.30/.60
.30/.60
.30/.60
.30/.60
.30/.60
.30/.60
.30/.60
.045
.030
..............
.030
.030
.030
.030
.030
.030
.030
.020
.045
.030
..............
.030
.030
.030
.030
.030
.030
.030
.010
.10/.50
.50/1.00
.50 max
.50 max
.50 max
.50 max
1.00/2.00
1.00/1.50
.50/1.00
.25/1.00
.20/.50
..............
1.00/1.50
.80/1.25
1.90/2.60
4.00/6.00
4.00/6.00
4.00/6.00
4.00/6.00
6.00/8.00
8.00/10.00
8.00/9.50
.44/.65
.44/.65
.44/.65
.87/1.13
.45/.65
.45/.65
.45/.65
.09/1.10
.45/.65
.90/1.10
.85/1.05
1
11
..............
22
5
5c
5b
..............
7
9
91
Type
.50Mo*
DM
DM-2
2 1/4 Cr 1 Mo
5 Cr 1/2 Mo
5 Cr 1/2 Mo+Ti**
5 Cr 1/2 Mo+Si
5 Cr 1 Mo+Si
7 Cr 1/2 Mo
9 Cr 1 Mo
T9***
*.50 Mo steel also available with .08/.14 C.
** Ti =4 x C min, .70 max
*** Ni =.40 max, V =.18/.25, Cb =.06/.10, N =.03/.07, Al =.04 max
29
TIMKEN HIGH TEMPERATURE ENGINEERING STEELS

C
Mn
P
Max
S
Max
Si
Cr
Mo
AMS
No
.41/.48
.28/.33
.25/.30
.45/.65
.45/.65
.60/.90
.030
.030
.030
.030
.030
.030
.55/.75
.55/.75
.55/.75
1.00/1.50
1.00/1.50
1.00/1.50
.40/.60
.40/.60
.40/.60
.20/.30
.20/.30
.75/.95
..............
6302
6303
Type
17-22-A
17-22-AS
17-22-AV
TIMKEN TUBING FOR POLYETHYLENE PRODUCTION

Type
Mn
Cr
Ni
Mo
4333M4
4333M6
.30/.38
.30/.38
.70/1.00
.70/1.00
.70/.90
.80/1.20
1.65/2.00
2.00/2.50
.35/.45
.50/.65
TIMKEN SPECIAL BEARING STEELS

30
Type
C
52100*
.98/1.10
ASTM-A485-1(#1 Mod.)a .90/1.05
ASTM-A485-2(#2 Mod.) .85/1.00
.95/1.10
ASTM-A485-3(T-1)a
.95/1.10
ASTM-A485-4(T-2)a
b
TBS-600
.95/1.10
c
CBS-600
.16/.22
d
.10/.16
CBS1000M
CBS-50NiL**
.11/.15
e
TBA-2
.70/.80
M-50
.77/.85
440C
.95/1.20
.89/1.01
TBS-9
* 52100 shown for reference purposes only
** Max Cu .10, Co .25, W .25, P .015, S .010
a
Deep hardening steels.
Mn
.25/.45
.95/1.25
1.40/1.70
.65/.90
1.05/1.35
.60/.80
.40/.70
.40/.60
.15/.35
1.05/1.35
.35 max.
1.00 max.
.50/.80
Si
.15/.35
.45/.75
.50/.80
.15/.35
.15/.35
.85/1.20
.90/1.25
.40/.60
.10/.25
.15/.35
.25 max.
1.00 max.
.15/.35
Cr
1.30/1.60
.90/1.20
1.40/1.80
1.10/1.50
1.10/1.50
1.25/1.65
1.25/1.65
.90/1.20
4.00/4.25
.90/1.20
3.75/4.25
16.00/18.00
.40/.60
Ni
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
2.75/3.25
3.20/3.60
1.30/1.65
.10 max.
..............
.25 max.
b
c
Through hardening steel for service up to 600 F.

Carburizing steel for service up to 600 F.
Carburizing steel for service up to 1000 F.
Mo
..............
..............
..............
.20/.30
.45/.60
.25/.35
.90/1.10
4.00/5.00
4.00/4.50
1.20/1.40
4.00/4.50
.75 max.
.08/.15
V
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
.25/.50
1.13/1.33
..............
.90/1.10
..............
..............
Through hardening steel can be air quenched.

Trademark of The Timken Company
TIMKEN GRAPHITIC TOOL STEELS

Chemical Composition Nominal
Type
Graph-Mo
Graph-Air
Mn
Si
Cr
Ni
Mo
AI
AISI
1.40
1.35
.85
1.80
.025
.025
.025
.025
.90
1.20
............
............
............
1.85
.25
1.50
............
............
............
............
O-6
A-10
Note: See Latrobe Section for other tool and die steels.
TIMKEN LATROBE HIGH SPEED STEELS

Nominal Chemical Analyses
AISI
Type
31
M1
M2
M2 H.C.
M31
M32
M4
M7
M7
M10
M33
M34
M36
M42
M50
M52
T1
T5
T15
Latrobe
Grade
Tatmo
Double Six
HS29 XL
Corsair
Crusader
Stark
Tatmo-V
Tatmo-VN
TNW
Kelvan
Tatmo Cobalt
CO-6
Dynamax
CM - 50
CM - 52
E. No. 1
Super Cobalt
Dynavan
Si
Mn
Cr
Mo
Co
Other
.83
.85
.98
1.02
1.20
1.32
1.00
1.02
.87
.88
.90
.88
1.08
.84
.89
.75
.85
1.57
.30
.30
.30
.25
.25
.25
.35
.40
.25
.30
.30
.30
.50
.50
.45
.30
.30
.25
.30
.30
.30
.25
.25
.25
.25
.30
.25
.25
.25
.30
.25
.30
.25
.25
.30
.25
1.75
6.15
6.25
6.00
6.00
5.35
1.60
1.75
.75
1.75
1.50
5.75
1.50
3.75
4.15
4.15
4.00
4.10
4.50
3.75
3.75
4.00
3.75
3.75
4.10
3.85
4.10
4.00
4.10
4.10
4.00
1.15
1.85
1.85
2.40
3.00
3.85
2.00
1.90
1.90
1.15
2.05
1.85
1.20
1.00
1.85
1.10
1.90
5.00
8.50
5.00
5.00
5.00
5.00
4.40
8.55
8.50
8.00
9.55
8.00
4.90
9.50
4.25
4.50
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
TM - Trademark of Latrobe Steel Company
.............
1.10
18.00
18.75
12.25
.............
.............
.............
8.25
8.25
7.60
8.00
.............
.............
.............
8.25
5.00
Alloy Sulfides
.............
.............
.............
.............
Nitrogen
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
TIMKEN LATROBE COLD WORK DIE STEELS

Nominal Chemical Composition
AISI Latrobe
Type Grade
32
D2
D3
D5
D7
A2
A6
A7
A8
A10
O1
O6
L6
S1
S5
S7
......
......
4142
Olympic
GSN
RipTide
BR-4
Select B
Lesco A-6
BR-3
MGR
Graph-Air
Badger
Graph-Mo
Montana
XL Chisel
Lanark
Bearcat
Staminal
Chipper Knife
Brake Die*
*Prehardened
Si
Mn
Cr
Mo
Ni
Other
1.50
2.15
1.50
2.30
1.00
.70
2.80
.55
1.35
.94
1.40
.70
.53
.61
.50
.55
.50
.42
.30
.40
.50
.40
.30
.30
.30
.95
1.20
.30
.90
.25
.25
1.90
.25
1.00
.95
.30
.30
.40
.35
.40
.75
2.00
.70
.30
1.80
1.20
.85
.60
.25
.90
.75
.90
.45
.90
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
1.25
.............
.50
.............
.............
2.00
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
12.00
12.25
11.65
12.50
5.00
1.00
5.25
5.00
.............
.50
.............
.70
1.35
.18
3.25
.40
8.00
1.00
.90
.25
.............
4.00
.25
.............
4.50
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.25
.28
.............
.13
.45
.............
.75
.............
.80
1.10
1.00
1.25
1.10
1.25
1.50
.............
.25
.............
.............
1.25
1.40
.45
1.30
.20
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
1.85
.............
.............
1.40
.............
.............
.............
2.70
.............
.............
.............
.............
Co = 2.80
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
TM -Trademark of Latrobe Steel Company
TIMKEN LATROBE HOT WORK DIE STEELS

Nominal Chemical Composition
AISI Latrobe
Type Grade
33
H10
H11
H12
H13
H13
H14
H21
........
........
P21
Dart
.42
Dycast No.1
.40
LPD
.35
VDC, VDC-RF .40
Viscount*
.40
Lumdie
.40
CLW
.33
Koncor
1.10
HW108
.35
Cascade
.20
Si
Mn
Cr
Mo
Ni
Other
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
.45
1.00
1.00
.30
.55
.30
.30
.40
.80
.25
.25
.35
.30
.30
.............
.............
1.30
.............
.............
4.75
9.15
.............
.............
.............
3.15
5.00
5.00
5.25
5.25
5.25
3.30
5.25
3.50
.25
.35
.50
.30
1.00
1.00
.............
.45
4.00
.75
.20
2.15
1.30
1.40
1.35
1.35
.............
.............
1.10
2.50
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
4.10
.............
.............
.............
.............
* The Viscount grade series is VDC containing alloy sulfides for improved machinability.
Viscount 20 is supplied annealed and Viscount 44 is supplied prehardened.
Alloy Sulfides
.............
.............
.............
Co = 3.00
Al = 1.20
COMPARATIVE PROPERTIES FOR THE SELECTION AND

USE OF HIGH SPEED STEELS
AISI
Type
Latrobe
Grade
Relative Wear
Resistance
34
M1
Tatmo
M2
Double Six
M31
Corsair
M32
Crusader
M4
Stark
M7
Tatmo-VN
M10
TNW
M36
CO-6
M42
Dynamax
T1
E. No. 1
T5
Super Cobalt
T15
Dynavan
Relative
Toughness
Relative
Grindability
Relative
Red Hardness
COMPARATIVE PROPERTIES FOR THE SELECTION AND USE OF

HOT WORK DIE STEELS
AISI
Type
Latrobe
Grade Name
H10
Dart
H11
Dycast No.1
35
H12
LPD
H13
VDC, VDC- RF
H13*
Viscount 20
and Viscount 44
H14
Lumdie
Koncor
H21
CLW
P21
Cascade
* with alloy sulfides

Relative Heat
Resistance
Relative Toughness
Relative Wear
Resistance
COMPARATIVE PROPERTIES FOR THE SELECTION AND USE OF

COLD WORK DIE STEELS
AISI
Type
Latrobe
Grade
D2
Olympic
D3
GSN
D7
BR-4
36
A2
Select B
O6
Graph-Mo
O1
A10
A8
Relative Wear
Resistance
Badger
Graph-Air
MGR
A6
Lesco A-6
Staminal
S7
Bearcat
Relative
Toughness
Relative
Machinability
Ability To Hold Size

During Heat Treat.
COMPARATIVE PROPERTIES FOR THE SELECTION AND

USE OF SHOCK STEELS
AISI
Type
Latrobe
Grade
Staminal
A8
37
S1
MGR
S5
Lanark
S7
Bearcat
L6
H13
Montana
VDC
Relative
Toughness
Relative
Wear Resistance
Size Stability
During Heat Treat.
END-QUENCH HARDENABILITY BANDS

Tabulations of Band Limits 1038 H to 15B21 H
These values were adjusted to the nearest Rockwell "C" point, and are used when points are selected and specified
"J"
Distance
Sixteenths
of an inch
38
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
6.5
7
7.5
8
9
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
GRADE
1038 H
Max.
58
56
55
53
49
43
37
33
30
29
28
27
27
26
26
25
25
23
21
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
Min.
51
42
34
29
26
24
23
22
22
21
21
20
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
1045 H
Max.
62
61
59
56
52
46
38
34
33
32
32
31
31
30
30
29
29
28
27
26
....
....
....
....
....
....
Min.
55
52
42
34
31
29
28
27
26
26
25
25
25
24
24
23
22
21
20
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
1522 H
Max.
50
48
47
46
45
42
39
37
34
32
30
28
27
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
Min.
41
41
32
27
22
21
20
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
1524 H
Max.
51
49
48
47
45
43
39
38
35
34
32
30
29
28
27
26
25
23
22
....
....
....
....
....
...
....
Min.
42
42
38
34
29
25
22
20
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
1526 H
Max.
53
50
49
47
46
42
39
37
33
31
30
28
27
26
26
24
24
23
....
....
...
....
....
....
....
....
Min.
44
42
38
33
26
25
21
20
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
1541 H
Max.
60
59
59
58
57
56
55
53
52
50
48
46
44
41
39
35
33
32
31
30
....
....
....
....
....
....
Min.
53
52
50
47
44
41
38
35
32
29
27
26
25
24
23
23
22
21
20
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
15B21 H
Max.
48
48
47
47
46
45
44
42
40
38
32
27
22
20
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
Min.
41
41
40
39
38
36
30
23
20
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
J
Distance
Sixteenths
of an inch
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
6.5
7
7.5
8
9
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28

Tabulations of Band Limits 15B28 H to 1330 H
"J"
Distance
Sixteenths 15B28 H
of an inch Max. Min.
39
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
53
53
52
51
51
50
49
48
46
43
40
37
34
31
30
29
27
25
25
24
23
22
21
20
47
47
46
45
42
32
25
21
20
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
GRADE
15B30 H
Max.
55
53
52
51
50
48
43
38
33
29
27
26
25
24
23
22
20
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
Min.
48
47
46
44
32
22
20
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
15B35 H
Max.
58
56
55
54
53
51
47
41
....
30
....
27
....
26
....
25
....
24
....
22
....
20
....
....
15B37 H
Max.
Min.
58
51
50
56
49
55
48
54
39
53
28
52
24
51
22
50
....
....
20 . 45
....
....
....
40
....
....
....
33
....
....
....
29
....
....
....
27
....
....
....
25
....
....
....
23
....
....
....
....
Min.
50
50
49
48
43
37
33
26
....
22
....
21
....
20
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
15B41 H
Max.
60
59
59
58
58
57
57
56
55
55
54
53
52
51
50
49
46
42
39
36
34
33
31
31
Min.
53
52
52
51
51
50
49
48
44
37
32
28
26
25
25
24
23
22
21
21
20
....
....
....
15B48 H
Max.
Min.
63
62
62
61
60
59
58
57
56
55
53
51
48
45
41
38
34
32
31
30
29
29
28
28
56
56
55
54
53
52
42
34
31
30
29
28
27
27
26
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
....
....
15B62 H
Max.
....
....
....
....
65
65
64
64
64
63
63
3
62
62
61
60
58
54
48
43
40
37
35
34
Min.
60
60
60
60
59
58
57
52
43
39
37
35
35
34
33
33
32
31
30
30
29
28
27
26
1330 H
Max.
56
56
55
53
52
50
48
45
43
42
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
31
31
30
30
Min.
49
47
44
40
35
31
28
26
25
23
22
21
20
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
J
Distance
Sixteenths
of an inch
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32

Tabulations of Band Limits 1335 H to 4037 H
"J"
Distance
Sixteenths
of an inch
40
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
GRADE
1340 H
1335 H
Max.
58
57
56
55
54
52
50
48
46
44
42
41
40
39
38
37
35
34
33
32
31
31
30
30
Min.
51
49
47
44
38
34
31
29
27
26
25
24
23
22
22
21
20
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
Max.
60
60
59
58
57
56
55
54
52
51
50
48
46
44
42
41
39
38
37
36
35
35
34
34
* Formerly Standard Steels
Min.
53
52
51
49
46
40
35
33
31
29
28
27
26
25
25
24
23
23
22
22
21
21
20
20
1345 H
Max.
63
63
62
61
61
60
60
59
58
57
56
55
54
53
52
51
49
48
47
46
45
45
45
45
Min.
56
56
55
54
51
44
38
35
33
32
31
30
29
29
28
28
27
27
26
26
25
25
24
24
3310 H*
Max.
43
43
42
42
42
42
41
41
41
40
40
40
39
39
38
38
37
37
37
36
36
36
35
35
Min.
36
36
35
35
34
33
32
31
30
30
29
29
28
28
27
27
26
26
26
26
25
25
25
25
3316 H*
Max.
47
47
47
46
46
46
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
44
44
44
44
43
43
43
42
42
42
41
Min.
40
39
38
38
37
37
36
35
34
33
33
32
32
32
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
30
30
30
4028 H
Max.
52
50
46
40
34
30
28
26
25
25
24
23
23
22
22
21
21
20
....
....
....
....
....
Min.
45
40
31
25
22
20
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
4032 H
Max.
57
54
51
46
39
34
31
29
28
26
26
25
24
24
23
23
23
22
22
21
21
20
....
....
Min.
50
45
36
29
25
23
22
21
20
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
4037 H
Max.
59
57
54
51
45
38
34
32
30
29
28
27
26
26
26
25
25
25
25
24
24
24
23
23
Min.
52
49
42
35
30
26
23
22
21
20
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
J
Distance
Sixteenths
of an inch
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32

"J"
Distance
Sixteenths
of an inch
41
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
GRADE
4042 H
Max. Min.
62
60
58
55
50
45
39
36
34
33
32
31
30
30
29
29
28
28
28
27
27
27
26
26
55
52
48
40
33
29
27
26
25
24
24
23
23
23
22
22
22
21
20
20
....
....
....
....
4047 H
Max.
64
62
60
58
55
52
47
43
40
38
37
35
34
33
33
32
31
30
30
30
30
29
29
29
Min.
57
55
50
42
35
32
30
28
28
27
26
26
25
25
25
25
24
24
23
23
22
22
21
21
4118 H
Max.
48
46
41
35
31
28
27
25
24
23
22
21
21
20
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
Min.
41
36
27
23
20
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
4130 H
Max.
56
55
53
51
49
47
44
42
40
38
36
35
34
34
33
33
32
32
32
31
31
30
30
29
Min.
49
46
42
38
34
31
29
27
26
26
25
25
24
24
23
23
22
21
20
....
....
....
....
....
4135 H
Max.
58
58
57
56
56
55
54
53
52
51
50
49
48
47
46
45
44
42
41
40
39
38
38
37
Min.
51
50
49
48
47
45
42
40
38
36
34
33
32
31
30
30
29
28
27
27
27
26
26
26
4137 H
Max.
59
59
58
58
57
57
56
55
55
54
53
52
51
50
49
48
46
45
44
43
42
42
41
41
Min.
52
51
50
49
49
48
45
43
40
39
37
36
35
34
33
33
32
31
30
30
30
29
29
29
4140 H
Max.
60
60
60
59
59
58
58
57
57
56
56
55
55
54
54
53
52
51
49
48
47
46
45
44
Min.
53
53
52
51
51
50
48
47
44
42
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
33
32
32
31
31
30
4142 H
Max.
62
62
62
61
61
61
60
60
60
59
59
58
58
57
57
56
55
54
53
53
52
51
51
50
Min.
55
55
54
53
53
52
51
50
49
47
46
44
42
41
40
39
37
36
35
34
34
34
33
33
J
Distance
Sixteenths
of an inch
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32

"J"
Distance
Sixteenths
of an inch
42
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
GRADE
4145 H
Max.
63
63
62
62
62
61
61
61
60
60
60
59
59
59
58
58
57
57
56
55
55
55
55
54
Min.
56
55
55
54
53
53
52
52
51
50
49
48
46
45
43
42
40
38
37
36
35
35
34
34
4147 H
Max.
64
64
64
64
63
63
63
63
63
62
62
62
61
61
60
60
59
59
58
57
57
57
56
56
Min.
57
57
56
56
55
55
55
54
54
53
52
51
49
48
46
45
42
40
39
38
37
37
37
36
4150 H
Max.
65
65
65
65
65
65
65
64
64
64
64
63
63
62
62
62
61
60
59
59
58
58
58
58
Min.
59
59
59
58
58
57
57
56
56
55
54
53
51
50
48
47
45
43
41
40
39
38
38
38
4161 H
Max.
65
65
65
65
65
65
65
65
65
65
65
64
64
64
64
64
64
63
63
63
63
63
63
63
Min.
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
59
59
59
59
58
58
57
56
55
53
50
48
45
43
42
41
4320 H
Max.
48
47
45
43
41
38
36
34
33
31
30
29
28
27
27
26
25
25
24
24
24
24
24
Min.
41
38
35
32
29
27
25
23
22
21
20
20
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
4340 H
Max.
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
59
59
59
58
58
58
58
57
57
57
57
56
56
56
Min.
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
52
52
52
51
51
50
49
49
48
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
E 4340 H
Max.
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
59
59
59
58
58
58
57
57
57
57
57
Min.
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
52
52
52
52
51
51
50
49
48
47
46
45
44
4620 H
Max.
48
45
42
39
34
31
29
27
26
25
24
23
22
22
22
21
21
20
....
....
....
....
....
....
Min.
41
35
27
24
21
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
J
Distance
Sixteenths
of an inch
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32

"J"
Distance
Sixteenths
of an inch
GRADE
4626 H*
43
Max.
Min.
1
51
45
48
36
2
41
29
3
33
24
4
29
21
5
27
....
6
25
....
7
24
....
8
23
....
9
22
....
10
22
....
11
21
....
12
21
....
13
20
....
14
....
....
15
....
....
16
....
....
18
....
....
20
....
....
22
....
....
24
....
....
26
....
....
28
....
....
30
....
....
32
* Formerly Standard Steel
4718 H
Max.
47
47
45
43
40
37
35
33
32
31
30
29
29
28
27
27
27
26
26
25
25
24
24
24
Min.
40
40
38
33
29
27
25
24
23
22
22
21
21
21
20
20
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
4720 H
Max.
48
47
43
39
35
32
29
28
27
26
25
24
24
23
23
22
21
21
21
20
....
....
....
....
Min.
41
39
31
27
23
21
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
4815 H
Max.
45
44
44
42
41
39
37
35
33
31
30
29
28
28
27
27
26
25
24
24
24
23
23
23
Min.
38
37
34
30
27
24
22
21
20
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
4817 H
Max.
46
46
45
44
42
41
39
37
35
33
32
31
30
29
28
28
27
26
25
25
25
25
24
24
Min.
39
38
35
32
29
27
25
23
22
21
20
20
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
4820 H
Max.
48
48
47
46
45
43
42
40
39
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
29
28
28
27
27
26
26
25
Min.
41
40
39
38
34
31
29
27
26
25
24
23
22
22
21
21
20
20
....
....
....
....
....
....
50B40 H
Max.
60
60
59
59
58
58
57
57
56
55
53
51
49
47
44
41
38
36
35
34
33
32
30
29
Min.
53
53
52
51
50
48
44
39
34
31
29
28
27
26
25
25
23
21
....
....
....
....
....
....
J
Distance
Sixteenths
50B44 H
Max.
Min. of an inch
63
63
62
62
61
61
60
60
59
58
57
56
54
52
50
48
44
40
38
37
36
35
34
33
56
56
55
55
54
52
48
43
38
34
31
30
29
29
28
27
26
24
23
21
20
....
....
....
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32

"J"
Distance
5046 H
Sixteenths
of an inch Max. Min.
44
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
63
62
60
56
52
46
39
35
34
33
33
32
32
31
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
23
56
55
45
32
28
27
26
25
24
24
23
23
22
22
21
21
20
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
GRADE
50B46 H
Max.
63
62
61
60
59
58
57
56
54
51
47
43
40
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
Min.
56
54
52
50
41
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
26
25
25
24
23
22
21
20
....
....
....
....
50B50 H
Max.
65
65
64
64
63
63
62
62
61
60
60
59
58
57
56
54
50
47
44
41
39
38
37
36
Min.
59
59
58
57
56
55
52
47
42
37
35
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
22
21
20
50B60 H
Max.
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
65
65
64
64
64
63
63
63
62
60
58
55
53
51
49
47
44
Min.
60
60
60
60
60
59
57
53
47
42
39
37
36
35
34
34
33
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
5120 H
Max.
48
46
41
36
33
30
28
27
25
24
23
22
21
21
20
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
Min.
40
34
28
23
20
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
5130 H
Max.
56
55
53
51
49
47
45
42
40
38
37
36
35
34
34
33
32
31
30
29
27
26
25
24
Min.
49
46
42
39
35
32
30
28
26
25
23
22
21
20
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
5132 H
Max.
57
56
54
52
50
48
45
42
40
38
37
36
35
34
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
Min.
50
47
43
40
35
32
29
27
25
24
23
22
21
20
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
5135 H
Max.
58
57
56
55
54
52
50
47
45
43
41
40
39
38
37
37
36
35
34
33
32
32
31
30
Min.
51
49
47
43
38
35
32
30
28
27
25
24
23
22
21
21
20
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
J
Distance
Sixteenths
of an inch
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32

"J"
Distance
Sixteenths
of an inch
45
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
GRADE
5140 H
Max.
60
59
58
57
56
54
52
50
48
46
45
43
42
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
34
33
33
32
Min.
53
52
50
48
43
38
35
33
31
30
29
28
27
27
26
25
24
23
21
20
....
....
....
....
5147 H
Max.
64
64
63
62
62
61
61
60
60
59
59
58
58
57
57
56
55
54
53
52
51
50
49
48
Min.
57
56
55
54
53
52
49
45
40
37
35
34
33
32
32
31
30
29
27
26
25
24
22
21
5150 H
Max.
65
65
64
63
62
61
60
59
58
56
55
53
51
50
48
47
45
43
42
41
40
39
39
38
Min.
59
58
57
56
53
49
42
38
36
34
33
32
31
31
30
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
5155 H
Max.
....
65
64
64
63
63
62
62
61
60
59
57
55
52
51
49
47
45
44
43
42
41
41
40
Min.
60
59
58
57
55
52
47
41
37
36
35
34
34
33
33
32
31
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
5160 H
Max.
....
....
....
65
65
64
64
63
62
61
60
59
58
56
54
52
48
47
46
45
44
43
43
42
Min.
60
60
60
59
58
56
52
47
42
39
37
36
35
35
34
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
28
27
51B60 H
Max.
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
65
65
64
64
63
61
59
57
55
53
51
49
47
Min.
60
60
60
60
60
59
58
57
54
50
44
41
40
39
38
37
36
34
33
31
30
28
27
25
6118 H
Max.
46
44
38
33
30
28
27
26
26
25
25
24
24
23
23
22
22
21
21
20
....
....
....
....
Min.
39
36
28
24
22
20
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
6150 H
Max.
65
65
64
64
63
63
62
61
61
60
59
58
57
55
54
52
50
48
47
46
45
44
43
42
Min.
59
58
57
56
55
53
50
47
43
41
39
38
37
36
35
35
34
32
31
30
29
27
26
25
J
Distance
Sixteenths
of an inch
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32

Tabulations of Band Limits 81B45 H to 86B30 H
"J"
Distance
Sixteenths
of an inch
46
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
GRADE
81B45 H
Max.
63
63
63
63
63
63
62
62
61
60
60
59
58
57
57
56
55
53
52
50
49
47
45
43
Min.
56
56
56
56
55
54
53
51
48
44
41
39
38
37
36
35
34
32
31
30
29
28
28
27
8617 H
Max.
46
44
41
38
34
31
28
27
26
25
24
23
23
22
22
21
21
20
....
....
....
....
....
....
Min.
39
33
27
24
20
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
8620 H
Max.
48
47
44
41
37
34
32
30
29
28
27
26
25
25
24
24
23
23
23
23
23
22
22
22
Min.
41
37
32
27
23
21
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
8622 H
Max.
50
49
47
44
40
37
34
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
26
25
25
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
Min.
43
39
34
30
26
24
22
20
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
8625 H
Max.
52
51
48
46
43
40
37
35
33
32
31
30
29
28
28
27
27
26
26
26
26
25
25
25
Min.
45
41
36
32
29
27
25
23
22
21
20
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
8627 H
Max.
54
52
50
48
45
43
40
38
36
34
33
32
31
30
30
29
28
28
28
27
27
27
27
27
Min.
47
43
38
35
32
29
27
26
24
24
23
22
21
21
20
20
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
8630 H
Max.
56
55
54
52
50
47
44
41
39
37
35
34
33
33
32
31
30
30
29
29
29
29
29
29
Min.
49
46
43
39
35
32
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
22
21
21
20
20
....
....
....
....
....
86B30 H
Max.
56
55
55
55
54
54
53
53
52
52
52
51
51
50
50
49
48
47
45
44
43
41
40
39
Min.
49
49
48
48
48
48
48
47
46
44
42
40
39
38
36
35
34
32
31
29
28
27
26
25
J
Distance
Sixteenths
of an inch
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32

"J"
Distance
Sixteenths
of an inch
47
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
GRADE
8637 H
Max.
59
58
58
57
56
55
54
53
51
49
47
46
44
43
41
40
39
37
36
36
35
35
35
35
Min.
52
51
50
48
45
42
39
36
34
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
25
24
24
24
24
23
23
8640 H
Max.
60
60
60
59
59
58
57
55
54
52
50
49
47
45
44
42
41
39
38
38
37
37
37
37
Min.
53
53
52
51
49
46
42
39
36
34
32
31
30
29
28
28
26
26
25
25
24
24
24
24
8642 H
Max.
62
62
62
61
61
60
59
58
57
55
54
52
50
49
48
46
44
42
41
40
40
39
39
39
Min.
55
54
53
52
50
48
45
42
39
37
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
28
27
27
26
26
26
26
8645 H
Max.
63
63
63
63
62
61
61
60
59
58
56
55
54
52
51
49
47
45
43
42
42
41
41
41
Min.
56
56
55
54
52
50
48
45
41
39
37
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
28
27
27
27
27
86B45 H
Max.
63
63
62
62
62
61
61
60
60
60
59
59
59
59
58
58
58
58
57
57
57
57
56
56
Min.
56
56
55
54
54
53
52
52
51
51
50
50
49
48
46
45
42
39
37
35
34
32
32
31
8650 H
Max.
65
65
65
64
64
63
63
62
61
60
60
59
58
58
57
56
55
53
52
50
49
47
46
45
Min.
59
58
57
57
56
54
53
50
47
44
41
39
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
31
30
30
29
29
8655 H
Max.
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
65
65
64
64
63
63
62
61
60
59
58
57
56
55
53
Min.
60
59
59
58
57
56
55
54
52
49
46
43
41
40
39
38
37
35
34
34
33
33
32
32
8660 H
Max.
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
65
64
64
63
62
62
61
60
60
Min.
60
60
60
60
60
59
58
57
55
53
50
47
45
44
43
42
40
39
38
37
36
36
35
35
J
Distance
Sixteenths
of an inch
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32

"J"
Distance
Sixteenths
of an inch
48
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
GRADE
8720 H
Max.
48
47
45
42
38
35
33
31
30
29
28
27
26
26
25
25
24
24
23
23
23
23
22
22
Min.
41
38
35
30
26
24
22
21
20
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
8740 H
Max.
60
60
60
60
59
58
57
56
55
53
52
50
49
48
46
45
43
42
41
40
39
39
38
38
Min.
53
53
52
51
49
46
43
40
37
35
34
32
31
31
30
29
28
28
27
27
27
27
26
26
8822 H
Max.
50
49
48
46
43
40
37
35
34
33
32
31
31
30
30
29
29
28
27
27
27
27
27
27
Min.
43
42
39
33
29
27
25
24
24
23
23
22
22
22
21
21
20
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
9260 H
Max.
....
....
65
64
63
62
60
58
55
52
49
47
45
43
42
40
38
37
36
36
35
35
35
34
Min.
60
60
57
53
46
41
38
36
36
35
34
34
33
33
32
32
31
31
30
30
29
29
28
28
9310 H
Max.
43
43
43
42
42
42
42
41
40
40
39
38
37
36
36
35
35
35
34
34
34
34
33
33
Min.
36
35
35
34
32
31
30
29
28
27
27
26
26
26
26
26
26
25
25
25
25
25
24
24
94B15 H
Max.
45
45
44
44
43
42
40
38
36
34
33
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
23
22
22
22
Min.
38
38
37
36
32
28
25
23
21
20
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
94B17 H
Max.
46
46
45
45
44
43
42
41
40
38
36
34
33
32
31
30
28
27
26
25
24
24
23
23
Min.
39
39
38
37
34
29
26
24
23
21
20
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
94B30 H
Max.
56
56
55
55
54
54
53
53
52
52
51
51
50
49
48
46
44
42
40
38
37
35
34
34
Min.
49
49
48
48
47
46
44
42
39
37
34
32
30
29
28
27
25
24
23
23
22
21
21
20
J
Distance
Sixteenths
of an inch
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
RESTRICTED END-QUENCH HARDENABILITY BANDS

Tabulations of Band Limits 15B21 RH to 4130 RH
These values were adjusted to the nearest Rockwell C point, and are used when points are selected and specified.
J
Distance
Sixteenths
of an inch
49
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
GRADE
15B21 RH
Max
47
46
44
42
37
30
24
22
20
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
Min
42
41
39
33
24
20
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
.....
....
15B35 RH
Max
57
55
54
53
50
46
42
36
32
28
....
25
....
24
....
23
....
22
....
20
....
....
....
....
Min
52
51
50
49
41
33
28
24
23
21
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
3310 RH
Max
42
42
42
41
41
41
40
40
39
39
39
39
38
38
37
37
36
36
35
35
35
34
34
34
Min
37
37
37
36
36
35
33
33
32
32
31
31
30
30
29
29
28
28
27
27
27
26
26
26
4027 RH
Max
51
48
43
37
32
28
26
24
23
22
22
21
21
20
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
Min
46
42
34
28
24
22
20
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
4118 RH
Max
47
44
38
33
29
27
25
24
23
22
21
20
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
Min
42
38
30
25
22
20
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
4120 RH
Max
47
45
41
38
34
31
29
28
26
25
24
23
23
22
22
21
20
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
Min
42
39
35
30
26
24
22
21
20
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
4130 RH
Max
55
54
52
49
46
44
41
39
37
35
33
32
32
31
31
31
30
30
30
29
29
28
28
27
Min
50
48
44
40
36
34
32
30
28
27
26
26
26
25
25
25
24
23
23
22
22
21
21
20
J
Distance
Sixteenths
of an inch
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32

Tabulations of Band Limits 4140 RH to 50B40 RH
J
Distance
Sixteenths
of an inch
50
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
GRADE
4140 RH
Max
59
59
59
59
58
57
56
55
54
53
52
52
51
50
50
49
48
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
Min
54
54
54
53
52
51
50
49
48
46
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
37
36
35
35
34
33
4145 RH
Max
62
62
61
61
60
60
59
59
58
58
58
57
57
56
56
55
54
53
52
51
51
50
50
49
Min
57
57
56
56
55
55
54
53
52
52
51
50
49
48
47
46
44
43
42
40
40
39
38
37
4161 RH
Max
65
65
65
65
65
65
65
65
65
65
65
64
64
64
63
63
62
62
61
60
59
58
57
57
Min
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
59
59
59
58
57
56
54
53
51
49
47
46
45
4320 RH
Max
47
46
44
41
39
36
34
32
31
29
28
26
25
24
24
23
22
22
21
21
21
21
21
21
Min
42
40
37
34
31
29
27
25
24
23
22
21
20
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
4620 RH
Max
47
44
40
37
32
29
27
25
24
23
22
21
20
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
Min
42
37
30
27
24
21
20
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
4820 RH
Max
47
47
46
45
43
41
40
38
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
25
25
24
23
Min
42
42
41
40
36
33
32
30
28
27
26
25
24
24
23
23
22
22
21
20
20
....
....
....
50B40 RH
Max
59
59
58
58
57
56
55
54
52
50
49
47
45
44
41
38
36
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
Min
54
54
53
53
52
50
47
43
38
35
33
32
31
30
29
28
26
24
23
22
21
20
....
....
J
Distance
Sixteenths
of an inch
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32

Tabulations of Band Limits 5130 RH to 9310 RH
J
Distance
5130 RH
Sixteenths
Min
of an inch Max
51
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
55
53
51
49
46
44
42
39
37
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
50
47
44
41
37
35
33
31
29
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
GRADE
5140 RH
Max
59
58
57
55
53
51
48
46
44
43
41
40
39
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
30
29
29
Min
54
53
51
49
45
41
38
36
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
....
5160 RH
Max
65
65
65
65
64
63
62
60
58
56
55
53
51
50
48
47
44
43
42
41
40
39
39
38
Min
60
60
60
59
58
57
54
50
45
42
40
39
38
37
36
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
29
8620 RH
Max
47
45
41
38
34
31
29
28
26
25
24
23
23
22
22
21
20
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
Min
42
39
35
30
26
24
22
21
20
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
8622 RH
Max
49
47
45
41
38
35
32
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
24
23
23
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
Min
44
41
37
32
29
27
24
22
21
20
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
8720 RH
Max
47
45
43
40
36
33
31
29
28
27
26
25
25
24
24
23
23
22
22
21
20
....
....
....
Min
42
39
37
32
28
26
24
23
22
21
20
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
8822 RH
Max
49
48
47
43
40
37
35
33
32
31
30
30
29
28
28
27
27
26
26
26
26
25
25
25
Min
44
43
40
35
31
29
27
26
25
25
24
23
23
23
22
22
21
20
....
....
....
....
....
....
9310 RH
Max
42
42
42
41
41
40
40
39
38
37
37
36
35
34
34
33
33
32
32
32
32
32
31
31
Min
37
36
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
29
28
28
28
28
27
27
26
26
26
26
26
25
25
J
Distance
Sixteenths
of an inch
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
INTRODUCTION TO
JOMINY CORRELATION
WITH ROUND BARS
The following correlation of Jominy values with quenching severity and
surface to center hardnesses obtainable in round bars is based on
calculated and practical experience data.
Since practical heat treatment results are subject to several variables that
are always difficult to determine, i.e., surface condition of piece being
quenched, furnace atmosphere, and quenching severity of the coolant, the
metallurgist or heat treater may find some differences in applying this
correlation to his particular heat treatment setup.
However, as experience is gained by their use, it is believed that these
charts will be found helpful as a guide to the selection of steel of proper
hardenability based on Jominy end quench results. Timken Company
hardenability data supplied upon request with each heat of steel can be
used to advantage in this respect.
52
CHART FOR PREDICTING APPROXIMATE CROSS SECTION HARDNESS OF QUENCHED

ROUND BARS USING JOMINY TEST RESULTS
INSTRUCTIONS FOR
USE OF CHART
1.
2.
3.
4.
Select proper round bar size to be quenched.

Select the curve most representative of quenching conditions (H value) to be used.
Read the curve to the Jominy Distance.
Insert Rockwell C hardness values corresponding to the Jominy Distance.
These are obtained from The Timken Company
CENTER
0.20
1.5
0.50
0.35
BAR SIZE
1/2" RD
H VALUE
1.0
0.70
1/2 RADIUS
CENTER
0.20
0.35
0.50
SURFACE
2.0
53
0.20
0.35
0.50
0.70
1.0
1.5
2.0
5.0
No
Moderate
Good
Strong
No
Strong
No
Strong
0.70
1.0
AGITATION
1/2 RADIUS
1.5
3/4" RD
QUENCH
Oil
Oil
Oil
Oil
Water
Water
Brine
Brine
Ideal Quench
Hardenability
Data available
with each
shipment of steel.
These hardness
values represent
the approximate
surface-to-center
hardness
obtainable for
the type of steel
being heat
treated.
0.20
0.35
0.50
CENTER
1/2 RADIUS
0.70
1.5 2.0
5.0
1" RD
1.0
SURFACE
4
8
JOMINY DISTANCE
12
SURFACE
16
20
24
28
32
CENTER
0.20
0.35
0.50
5.0
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.70
BAR SIZE
1-1/2" RD
H VALUE
1/2 RADIUS
0.20
0.35
0.50
0.70
1.0
1.5
2.0
5.0
CENTER
0.20
0.35
0.50
1.0
0.70
2.0
5.0
SURFACE
2" RD
QUENCH
Oil
Oil
Oil
Oil
Water
Water
Brine
Brine
Ideal Quench
AGITATION
No
Moderate
Good
Strong
No
Strong
No
Strong
1.5
1/2 RADIUS
CENTER
0.20
0.35
0.50
1.0
0.70
1.5
5.0
2.0
54
SURFACE
3" RD
1/2 RADIUS
CENTER
0.35
0.50
0.70
1.0
1.5
2.0
5.0
SURFACE
0.20
4" RD
1/2 RADIUS
SURFACE
0
4
8
JOMINY DISTANCE
12
16
20
24
28
32
BAR SIZE
5.0
1.5
1.0
CENTER
0.70
0.50
0.35
5" RD
5.0
SURFACE
CENTER
1.5
0.70
6" RD
1/2 RADIUS
1/2 RADIUS
0.35
55
SURFACE
CENTER
1.5
7" RD
1/2 RADIUS
0.35
SURFACE
CENTER
8" RD
1/2 RADIUS
1.5
0.35
SURFACE
0
4
8
JOMIN DISTANCE
12
16
20
24
28
32
EXPLANATION OF
COMBINED HARDENABILITY CHARTS
The following charts present hardenability data for thirteen popular
steels. They may be used to determine the approximate mid-radius
hardness which is developed, in various sized rounds up to 9" in
diameter using a good oil quench (.4-.5 Hv), or rounds up to 15" in
diameter when air cooling. The effect of a subsequent 1000F 2 hour
temper is also illustrated.
The relationship between hardness and section size was determined
using data from the Jominy end quench test, and air hardenability test,
and controlled cooling tests. It must be remembered that the results
for a particular steel type are based on one chemical analysis and one
austenitizing temperature. Variations of these will affect hardenability,
as shown by the Jominy hardenability bands (shaded area).
Therefore, the charts should be used to determine estimated, rather
than exact, hardness values.
USE OF CHARTS
1. Select steel type.
2. Find desired diameter for the quenching medium employed.
3. Read the approximate as-quenched or tempered hardness using
the appropriate curve; read hardness range using hardenability
band.
For example, a 2-inch round made of 1045 type steel will
develop the following mid-radius hardnesses:
As-Quenched
Tempered
1000 F-2 Hours
Mild Water
Oil .4-.5 Hv
Air
28(25/32) Rc
25(22/29) Rc
91Rb
22.5 Rc
21 Rc
91Rb
56
TYPE
HEAT TREATMENT
1045
HOT ROLLED AUSTENITIZED 1600 F.
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
C
.42
Mn
.79
P
.019
S
.023
Si
.22
Cr
.11
Ni
.18
Mo
.04
Cu
.04
Al
ROUND SECTION WITH SAME HARDNESS AT MID-RADIUS

OIL QUENCH
.4-.5 Hv
MILD WATER
QUENCH
1"
1"
COOLING
RATE
55 /S
283
ROCKWELL
"C" HARDNESS
372
12 /S
6"
6"
7 /S
F
~9"
AIR
QUENCH 1"
7"
290 /M 200 /M
F
80 /M
F
2"
3"
4"
32 /M
27 /M
19 /M
90
5"
6" 10" 15"
13 /M 12F/M 9F/M 6F/M

F
LEGEND
AS COOLED
1000 F. TEMPER-2 HOURS
SAE HARDENABILITY BAND
AUSTENITIZING TEMPERATURE
1550 F.
30
20
107
25 /S
5"
F
5"
40
185
128
4"
F
4"
50
230
150
3"
3"
60
ROCKWELL
"B" HARDNESS
57
BRINELL HARDNESS 3000 KG.
614
484
2"
F
2"
80
70
60
5
10
15
20
27
48
SIXTEENTHS FROM QUENCHED END OF JOMINY BAR
4"
11/2"
11/4"
/4"
21/2" 6"
INTERFACE
AIR HARDENABILITY DISTANCE
TYPE
HEAT TREATMENT
1340
NORMALIZED 1600 F. AUSTENITIZED 1500 F.
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
C
.40
Mn
1.87
P
.011
S
.013
Si
.24
Cr
.08
Ni
.09
Mo
.02
Cu
.11
Al
.019

OIL QUENCH
.4-.5 Hv
MILD WATER
QUENCH
1"
1"
COOLING
RATE
55 /S
283
ROCKWELL
"C" HARDNESS
372
12 /S
6"
6"
7 /S
F
~9"
AIR
QUENCH 1"
7"
290 /M 200 /M
F
80 /M
F
2"
3"
4"
32 /M
27 /M
19 /M
90
5"
6" 10" 15"
13 /M 12F/M 9F/M 6F/M

F
LEGEND
AS COOLED
1000 F. TEMPER
1550 F.
30
20
107
25 /S
5"
F
5"
40
185
128
4"
F
4"
50
230
150
3"
3"
60
ROCKWELL
"B" HARDNESS
58
614
484
2"
F
2"
80
70
60
5
10
15
20
27
48
4"
11/2"
11/4"
/4"
21/2" 6"
INTERFACE
TYPE
HEAT TREATMENT
3310
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
C
.08
Mn
.54
P
S
.012 .012
Si
.25
Cr
Ni
1.56 3.42
Mo
.05
Cu
.10
Al
.032

OIL QUENCH
.4-.5 Hv
MILD WATER
QUENCH
1"
1"
COOLING
RATE
55 /S
283
ROCKWELL
"C" HARDNESS
372
12 /S
6"
6"
7 /S
F
~9"
AIR
QUENCH 1"
7"
290 /M 200 /M
F
80 /M
F
2"
3"
4"
32 /M
27 /M
19 /M
5"
6" 10" 15"
13 /M 12F/M 9F/M 6F/M

F
30
20
90
107
25 /S
5"
F
5"
40
185
128
4"
F
4"
50
230
150
3"
3"
60
ROCKWELL
"B" HARDNESS
59
614
484
2"
F
2"
LEGEND
AS COOLED
1550 F.
80
70
60
(FROM ASM HANDBOOK)
10
15
20
27
48
4"
11/2"
11/4"
/4"
21/2" 6"
INTERFACE
TYPE
HEAT TREATMENT
4027
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
C
.26
Mn
.86
P
.011
S
.027
Si
.29
Cr
.05
Ni
.09
Mo
.22
Cu
.07
Al
.032

OIL QUENCH
.4-.5 Hv
MILD WATER
QUENCH
1"
1"
COOLING
RATE
55 /S
283
ROCKWELL
"C" HARDNESS
372
12 /S
6"
6"
7 /S
F
~9"
AIR
QUENCH 1"
7"
290 /M 200 /M
F
80 /M
F
2"
3"
4"
32 /M
27 /M
19 /M
90
5"
6" 10" 15"
13 /M 12F/M 9F/M 6F/M

F
LEGEND
AS COOLED
1600 F.
30
20
107
25 /S
5"
F
5"
40
185
128
4"
F
4"
50
230
150
3"
3"
60
ROCKWELL
"B" HARDNESS
60
614
484
2"
F
2"
80
70
60
5
10
15
20
27
48
4"
11/2"
11/4"
/4"
21/2" 6"
INTERFACE
TYPE
HEAT TREATMENT
4130
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
C
.31
Mn
.51
P
.013
S
.020
Si
.30
Cr
.96
Ni
.20
Mo
.21
Cu
.12
Al

OIL QUENCH
.4-.5 Hv
MILD WATER
QUENCH
1"
1"
COOLING
RATE
55 /S
283
ROCKWELL
"C" HARDNESS
372
12 /S
6"
6"
7 /S
F
~9"
AIR
QUENCH 1"
7"
290 /M 200 /M
F
80 /M
F
2"
3"
4"
32 /M
27 /M
19 /M
90
5"
6" 10" 15"
13 /M 12F/M 9F/M 6F/M

F
LEGEND
AS COOLED
1600 F.
30
20
107
25 /S
5"
F
5"
40
185
128
4"
F
4"
50
230
150
3"
3"
60
ROCKWELL
"B" HARDNESS
61
614
484
2"
F
2"
80
70
60
5
10
15
20
27
48
4"
11/2"
11/4"
/4"
21/2" 6"
INTERFACE
TYPE
HEAT TREATMENT
4140
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
C
.39
Mn
.82
P
.031
S
.021
Si
.31
Cr
.96
Ni
.13
Mo
.20
Cu
.08
Al

OIL QUENCH
.4-.5 Hv
MILD WATER
QUENCH
1"
1"
COOLING
RATE
55 /S
283
ROCKWELL
"C" HARDNESS
372
12 /S
6"
6"
7 /S
F
~9"
AIR
QUENCH 1"
7"
290 /M 200 /M
F
80 /M
F
2"
3"
4"
32 /M
27 /M
19 /M
5"
6" 10" 15"
13 /M 12F/M 9F/M 6F/M

F
30
20
90
107
25 /S
5"
F
5"
40
185
128
4"
F
4"
50
230
150
3"
3"
60
ROCKWELL
"B" HARDNESS
62
614
484
2"
F
2"
LEGEND
AS COOLED
1550 F.
80
70
60
5
10
15
20
27
48
4"
11/2"
11/4"
/4"
21/2" 6"
INTERFACE
TYPE
HEAT TREATMENT
4320
NORMALIZED 1700 F AUSTENITIZED 1600 F.
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
C
.18
Mn
.61
P
.010
S
.014
Si
.29
Cr
.50
Ni
1.79
Mo
.23
Cu
.09
Al
.021

OIL QUENCH
.4-.5 Hv
MILD WATER
QUENCH
1"
1"
COOLING
RATE
55 /S
283
ROCKWELL
"C" HARDNESS
372
12 /S
6"
6"
7 /S
F
~9"
AIR
QUENCH 1"
7"
290 /M 200 /M
F
80 /M
F
2"
3"
4"
32 /M
27 /M
19 /M
90
5"
6" 10" 15"
13 /M 12F/M 9F/M 6F/M

F
LEGEND
AS COOLED
1700 F.
30
20
107
25 /S
5"
F
5"
40
185
128
4"
F
4"
50
230
150
3"
3"
60
ROCKWELL
"B" HARDNESS
63
614
484
2"
F
2"
80
70
60
5
10
15
20
27
48
4"
11/2"
11/4"
/4"
21/2" 6"
INTERFACE
TYPE
HEAT TREATMENT
4340
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
C
.41
Mn
.74
P
.014
S
.015
Si
.30
Cr
.72
Ni
1.75
Mo
.26
Cu
.13
Al

OIL QUENCH
.4-.5 Hv
MILD WATER
QUENCH
1"
1"
COOLING
RATE
55 /S
283
ROCKWELL
"C" HARDNESS
372
12 /S
6"
6"
7 /S
F
~9"
AIR
QUENCH 1"
7"
290 /M 200 /M
F
80 /M
F
2"
3"
4"
32 /M
27 /M
19 /M
5"
6" 10" 15"
13 /M 12F/M 9F/M 6F/M

F
30
20
90
107
25 /S
5"
F
5"
40
185
128
4"
F
4"
50
230
150
3"
3"
60
ROCKWELL
"B" HARDNESS
64
614
484
2"
F
2"
LEGEND
AS COOLED
1550 F.
80
70
60
5
10
15
20
27
48
4"
11/2"
11/4"
/4"
21/2" 6"
INTERFACE
TYPE
HEAT TREATMENT
4620
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
C
.19
Mn
.60
P
.013
S
.019
Si
.32
Cr
.20
Ni
1.75
Mo
.22
Cu
.05
Al

OIL QUENCH
.4-.5 Hv
MILD WATER
QUENCH
1"
1"
COOLING
RATE
55 /S
283
ROCKWELL
"C" HARDNESS
372
12 /S
6"
6"
7 /S
F
~9"
AIR
QUENCH 1"
7"
290 /M 200 /M
F
80 /M
F
2"
3"
4"
32 /M
27 /M
19 /M
90
5"
6" 10" 15"
13 /M 12F/M 9F/M 6F/M

F
LEGEND
AS COOLED
1700 F.
30
20
107
25 /S
5"
F
5"
40
185
128
4"
F
4"
50
230
150
3"
3"
60
ROCKWELL
"B" HARDNESS
65
614
484
2"
F
2"
80
70
60
5
10
15
20
27
48
4"
11/2"
11/4"
/4"
21/2" 6"
INTERFACE
TYPE
HEAT TREATMENT
5130
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
C
.30
Mn
.79
P
.022
S
.026
Si
.26
Cr
.98
Ni
.09
Mo
.02
Cu
.14
Al
.019

OIL QUENCH
.4-.5 Hv
MILD WATER
QUENCH
1"
1"
COOLING
RATE
55 /S
283
ROCKWELL
"C" HARDNESS
372
12 /S
6"
6"
7 /S
F
~9"
AIR
QUENCH 1"
7"
290 /M 200 /M
F
80 /M
F
2"
3"
4"
32 /M
27 /M
19 /M
90
5"
6" 10" 15"
13 /M 12F/M 9F/M 6F/M

F
LEGEND
AS COOLED
1600 F.
30
20
107
25 /S
5"
F
5"
40
185
128
4"
F
4"
50
230
150
3"
3"
60
ROCKWELL
"B" HARDNESS
66
614
484
2"
F
2"
80
70
60
5
10
15
20
27
48
4"
11/2"
11/4"
/4"
21/2" 6"
INTERFACE
TYPE
HEAT TREATMENT
5160
AUSTENITIZED 1550 F.
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
C
.58
Mn
.91
P
.014
S
.016
Si
.29
Cr
.78
Ni
.07
Mo
.01
Cu
.05
Al
.023

OIL QUENCH
.4-.5 Hv
MILD WATER
QUENCH
1"
1"
COOLING
RATE
55 /S
283
ROCKWELL
"C" HARDNESS
372
12 /S
6"
6"
7 /S
F
~9"
AIR
QUENCH 1"
7"
290 /M 200 /M
F
80 /M
F
2"
3"
4"
32 /M
27 /M
19 /M
5"
6" 10" 15"
13 /M 12F/M 9F/M 6F/M

F
30
20
90
107
25 /S
5"
F
5"
40
185
128
4"
F
4"
50
230
150
3"
3"
60
ROCKWELL
"B" HARDNESS
67
614
484
2"
F
2"
LEGEND
AS COOLED
400 F. TEMPER
1000 F. TEMPER
1550 F.
80
70
60
5
10
15
20
27
48
4"
11/2"
11/4"
/4"
21/2" 6"
INTERFACE
TYPE
HEAT TREATMENT
8620
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
C
.20
Mn
.85
P
.010
S
.014
Si
.30
Cr
.50
Ni
.51
Mo
.19
Cu
.09
Al
.031

OIL QUENCH
.4-.5 Hv
MILD WATER
QUENCH
1"
1"
COOLING
RATE
55 /S
283
ROCKWELL
"C" HARDNESS
372
12 /S
6"
6"
7 /S
F
~9"
AIR
QUENCH 1"
7"
290 /M 200 /M
F
80 /M
F
2"
3"
4"
32 /M
27 /M
19 /M
90
5"
6" 10" 15"
13 /M 12F/M 9F/M 6F/M

F
LEGEND
AS COOLED
1700 F.
30
20
107
25 /S
5"
F
5"
40
185
128
4"
F
4"
50
230
150
3"
3"
60
ROCKWELL
"B" HARDNESS
68
614
484
2"
F
2"
80
70
60
5
10
15
20
27
48
4"
11/2"
11/4"
/4"
21/2" 6"
INTERFACE
TYPE
HEAT TREATMENT
9310
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
C
.10
Mn
.58
P
.012
S
.015
Si
.30
Cr
1.26
Ni
3.26
Mo
.11
Cu
.11
Al
.044
2"
3"
4"
32 /M
27 /M
19 /M

OIL QUENCH
.4-.5 Hv
MILD WATER
QUENCH
1"
1"
COOLING
RATE
55 /S
283
ROCKWELL
"C" HARDNESS
372
12 /S
6"
6"
7 /S
F
~9"
AIR
QUENCH 1"
7"
290 /M 200 /M
F
80 /M
F
5"
6" 10" 15"
13 /M 12F/M 9F/M 6F/M

F
30
20
90
107
25 /S
5"
F
5"
40
185
128
4"
F
4"
50
230
150
3"
3"
60
ROCKWELL
"B" HARDNESS
69
614
484
2"
F
2"
LEGEND
AS COOLED
1550 F.
80
70
60
5
10
15
20
27
48
4"
11/2"
11/4"
/4"
21/2" 6"
INTERFACE
AVERAGE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN CARBON CONTENT, HARDNESS AND

PERCENTAGE OF MARTENSITE IN QUENCHING
99.9% MARTENSITE
95% MARTENSITE
90% MARTENSITE
60
80% MARTENSITE
70
ROCKWELL C HARDNESS
50% MARTENSITE
50
40
Hodge, J. M. and Orehoski, M. A.
Relationship between hardenability
and percentage of martensite in
some low-alloy steels.
Transactions. AIME, 1946, v. 167,
pp. 627-642.
30
20
Note: Fine divisions added to
simplify use of the graph.
10
.10
.20
.30
.40
.50
PERCENT CARBON
.60
.70
414
552
690
828
TENSILE STRENGTH MPa

966 1104 1241 1379 1517
1655 1793 1931
EFFECTS OF SURFACE CONDITIONS AND MECHANICAL

NOTCHES ON ENDURANCE OR FATIGUE LIMITS
160
1140
ENDURANCE LIMIT, 1000 psi
828
120
POLISHED
690
100
GROUND
552
80
MACHINED
60
414
276
40
HOT ROLLED,
SEVERLY NOTCHED,
AS FORGED
20
60
80
100
120
140 160
180 200 220
TENSILE STRENGTH , 1000 psi
240
260
138
280
Note: Endurance limits for surfaces exposed to corrosive environment fall

below the band for hot rolled, severly notched, and as forged surfaces.
CONDITIONS WHICH AFFECT

FATIGUE STRENGTH
The fatigue strength of a material depends on many factors of which
the following are considered among the most important: (1) the
strength of the material and the magnitude of the stress being applied
to the material in its application, (2) the surface integrity of the material
including its finish and method of manufacture, magnitude of residual
stress present, and the presence of decarburization, (3) the environment in which the material is exposed in service.
It must be noted that fatigue data such as that represented by the
curves shown above are averages obtained from laboratory tests
which approach ideal conditions and should not be considered more
than a guide.
F.B. Stulen and W.C. Schulte, Metals Engineering Quarterly (Am. Soc. Metals), Vol. 5,
No. 3, Aug. 1965
SAE Fatigue Design Handbook (AE4) - 1968
Proceedings of the International Conference on Fatigue of Metals, (IME-ASME) - 1956
71
ENDURANCE LIMIT, MPa
966
140
CARBURIZING INFORMATION
For .10% Carbon (Approx.) Higher Alloy Carburizing
Steels, i.e., 3310, 9310, etc.
EFFECTIVE CASE DEPTH
for
VARIOUS CARBURIZING TIMES AND TEMPERATURES
(Calculated in Inches to .40% CARBON LEVEL)
Carburizing
Time,
Hours
1600
1650
1700
1750
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
.011"
.015"
.019"
.021"
.024"
.026"
.028"
.030"
.032"
.034"
.036"
.013"
.019"
.023"
.026"
.030"
.033"
.035"
.038"
.040"
.042"
.044"
.016"
.023"
.028"
.033"
.037"
.040"
.043"
.046"
.049"
.052"
.054"
.019"
.027"
.034"
.039"
.044"
.048"
.052"
.056"
.059"
.062"
.065"
12
.037"
.046"
.057"
.068"
16
.043"
.053"
.065"
.078"
20
.048"
.059"
.073"
.088"
24
.052"
.065"
.080"
.096"
30
.059"
.073"
.089"
.108"
Note:
Carburizing Temperature (F)
Case depth tables are based on data published in Metals Progress Data
Sheet in May 1974 by F. E. Harris.
72
CARBURIZING INFORMATION
For .20% Carbon (Approx.) Lower Alloy Carburizing
Steels, i.e., 4017, 4620, 8620, etc.
EFFECTIVE CASE DEPTH
for
VARIOUS CARBURIZING TIMES AND TEMPERATURES
(Calculated in Inches to .40% CARBON LEVEL)
Carburizing
Time,
Hours
Carburizing Temperature ( F)
1600
1650
1700
1750
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
.013"
.018"
.022"
.025"
.029"
.031"
.034"
.036"
.038"
.040"
.042"
.015"
.022"
.027"
.031"
.034"
.038"
.041"
.044"
.046"
.049"
.051"
.019"
.026"
.032"
.037"
.042"
.045"
.049"
.053"
.056"
.059"
.062"
.022"
.031"
.039"
.045"
.050"
.055"
.059"
.063"
.067"
.071"
.073"
12
.044"
.053"
.065"
.077"
16
.051"
.061"
.075"
.088"
20
.057"
.069"
.084"
.099"
24
.062"
.075"
.092"
.109"
30
.070"
.085"
.103"
.122"
Note: Case depth tables are based on data published in Metals Progress Data Sheet in
May 1974 by F. E. Harris
73
Process and Quality Control Considerations
Dew point, F
-20
20
40
60
80
100
Surface carbon concentration, %
Austenite
cementite
Low-carbon
steel
760 C
0.6
815 C
Austenite
+ ferrite
870 C
0.4
925 C
980 C
0.2
1040 C
Workpiece
temperature
1150 C
1095 C
0.1
-30
-20
-10
10
20
30
40
Dew point, C
Variation of carbon potential with dew point for an endothermic-based atmosphere

containing 20% CO and 40% H2 in contact with plain carbon steel at various workpiece
temperatures.
74
Process and Quality Control Considerations

2
Low-carbon
steel
75
Surface carbon concentration, %
Austenite cementite
1
Austenite
+ ferrite
760 C
0.6
815 C
0.4
980 C
Workpiece
temperature
1150 C
1095 C
925 C
1040 C
870 C
0.2
0.1
0.01
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.1
0.2
0.4
0.6
Carbon dioxide in atmosphere, %

Variation of carbon potential with carbon dioxide concentration for an endothermic-based atmosphere containing 20% CO and
40% H2 in contact with plain carbon steel at various workpiece temperatures.
DETERMINING CARBURIZING TIMES AND TEMPERATURES

100
80
1,
50
60
1,
70
1,
60
40
1,
90
1,
80
20
10
6
4
400
200
100
80
60
40
20
10
11
12
13
14
15
PARAMETER, P
TO USE THE CHART

In the upper grid, select a point (time and temperature) for which the case
depth results are known. Go vertically down from that point to the known case
depth and plot the point. Pass a line through this point parallel to the dashed
line shown. Projecting a line vertically upward from any point on this line into
the grid will give the combinations of time and temperature that will result in
the same depth of case. For instance, a vertical line drawn upward from the
dashed line at 100 thousandths indicates that a 0.100 in. case will be produced
by 6 hr. at 1900F, 11 hr. at 1800F, or 22 hr. at 1700F. Shop experience of the
Cook Heat Treat Co., Houston, is depicted by this line and its related points.
Adapted from information provided by Charles F. Lewis, Cook Heat Treating
Co., Div. Lindberg Corp.
76
CASE DEPTH, 0.001 in.
TIME AT HEAT, Hr
RECOMMENDED MAXIMUM
HOT WORKING TEMPERATURES
FOR STEELS
SAE
No.
Temperature
(F)
SAE
No.
Temperature
(F)
1008
1010
1015
1040
2250
2250
2250
2200
4320
4337
4340
2200
2200
2200
1118
1141
2250
2200
4422
4427
2250
2250
4520
2250
1350
2200
2317
2340
2250
2200
4615
4620
4640
2300
2300
2200
2512
2250
4718
2250
3115
3135
3140
2250
2200
2200
4820
2250
5060
2150
3240
2200
3310
3316
3335
2250
2250
2250
5120
5140
5160
2250
2200
2150
51100
52100
2050
2050
4017
4032
4047
4063
2300
2200
2200
2150
6120
6135
6150
2250
2250
2200
4130
4132
4135
4140
4142
2200
2200
2200
2200
2200
8617
8620
8630
8640
8650
2250
2250
2200
2200
2200
77
RECOMMENDED MAXIMUM
HOT WORKING TEMPERATURES
FOR STEELS - continued
NOTE:
SAE
No.
Temperature
(F)
Timken
Type
8720
8735
8740
2250
2200
2200
2 1/4 Cr 1 Mo
9310
2250
302
303
304
309
310
316
317
321
347
2200
2200
2200
2150
2050
2150
2150
2150
2150
410
416
420
430
440A
440C
443
446
2200
2200
2200
2100
2100
2050
2100
1900
C-Mo
DM
2300
2300
DM-2
2300
Temperature
(F)
2250
5 Cr 1/2 Mo (.05C) 2250

5 Cr 1/2 Mo (.15C) 2250
5 Cr 1/2 Mo (.25C)
5 Cr 1/2 Mo + Ti
5 Cr 1/2 Mo + Si
7 Cr 1/2 Mo
9 Cr 1 Mo
2250
2100
2200
2250
2200
8 1/2 Ni
2200
Graph-Mo
Graph-Air
1950
1925
5 Cr Mo (1.00C)
2050
5Cr Mo W (1.00W) 2300
10105
Niriding #3
2050
2200
17-22A
17-22AS
17-22AV
2200
2200
2250
A 485-1
A 485-2
A 485-3
A 485-4
2050
2050
2100
2100
TBS-600
2050
CBS-600
CBS-1000M
2250
2200
Information obtained from hot-twist test data publshed in Evaluating The

Forgeability of Steels (3rd edition,The Timken Company) occasionally
modified by actual Forge Shop experience.
78
APPROXIMATE CRITICAL TEMPERATURES AND Ms/Mf POINTS

OF CARBON AND ALLOY STEELS
SAE
No.
Heating (F)
Ac1
Ac3
Cooling (F)
Ar3
Ar1
Quench
Temp F
Ms (F)
Mf (F)
SAE
No.
79
1015
1020
1030
1035
1040
1045
1050
1065
1090
1370
1350
1350
1350
1350
1350
1340
.............
.............
1565
1555
1485
1475
1460
1440
1420
.............
.............
1545
1515
1465
1440
1420
1405
1390
.............
.............
1270
1270
1270
1270
1270
1270
1270
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
1500
1625
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
525
420
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
300
175
1015
1020
1030
1035
1040
1045
1050
1065
1090
1330
1335
1340
1345
1325
1315
1340
1325
1470
1460
1420
1420
1340
1340
1310
1300
1160
1165
1160
1160
.............
1550
.............
.............
.............
640
.............
.............
.............
450
.............
.............
1330
1335
1340
1345
2317
2330
2340
2345
1285
1280
1285
1265
1435
1360
1350
1335
1265
1205
1185
1125
1065
910/1050
1060
1040
.............
.............
1450
.............
.............
.............
580
.............
.............
.............
400
.............
2317
2330
2340
2345
2512
2515
1290
1260
1400
1400
1150
1160
1060
1090
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
2512
2515
3115
3120
3130
3140
3141
3150
1355
1350
1345
1355
1355
1355
1500
1480
1460
1410
1410
1380
1480
1445
1360
1275
1300
1275
1240
1230
1220
1225
1215
1215
.............
.............
.............
1550
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
630
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
440
.............
.............
3115
3120
3130
3140
3141
3150
CRITICAL TEMPERATURES AND Ms/Mf POINTS - continued

SAE
No.
80
3310
3316
4027
4032
4042
4053
4063
4068
4118
4130
4140
4147
4150
4160
4320
4340
4342
4615
4620
4640
4695*
4718
4815
4820
5045
5060
5120
5140
Heating (F)
Ac1
Ac3
1335
1335
1360
1340
1340
1310
1360
1365
1385
1380
1380
.............
1390
.............
1355
1350
.............
1340
1300
1325
.............
1285
1285
1290
1360
1370
1380
1360
1440
1425
1500
1500
1460
1400
1390
1395
1500
1475
1460
.............
1450
.............
1485
1425
.............
1485
1490
1400
.............
1510
1450
1440
1430
1410
1525
1450
Cooling (F)
Ar3
Ar1
1235
1235
1400
1350
1340
1320
1220
1215
1410
1350
1370
.............
1290
.............
1330
1220
.............
1400
1335
1220
.............
1410
1310
1260
1305
1305
1460
1345
* Represents the case of 4600 grades of carburizing steels
1160
1160
1230
1250
1210
1200
1190
1195
1275
1250
1280
.............
1245
.............
840/1170
725/1210
.............
1200
1220
875/1130
.............
1200
860/1110
825/1110
1255
1285
1305
1230
Quench
Temp F
Ms (F)
Mf (F)
SAE
No.
.............
.............
.............
.............
1500
.............
1500
.............
.............
1600
1500
1500
.............
1575
.............
1550
1500
.............
.............
1550
1550
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
1550
.............
.............
.............
.............
610
.............
445
.............
.............
710
640
590
.............
500
.............
550
530
.............
.............
640
255
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
630
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
550
425
.............
.............
.............
.............
330
.............
.............
.............
490
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
460
3310
3316
4027
4032
4042
4053
4063
4068
4118
4130
4140
4147
4150
4160
4320
4340
4342
4615
4620
4640
4695*
4718
4815
4820
5045
5060
5120
5140
CRITICAL TEMPERATURES AND Ms/Mf POINTS - continued

SAE
No.
Heating (F)
Ac1
Ac3
81
51100
1385
52100
1340
52100
52100
6117
1400
6120
1410
6140
.............
6150
1380
.
8615
1360
8620
1350
8630
1350
8640
1350
8650
1325
8695*
.............
8720
1380
8740
1350
8750
1350
9310
1315
9317
1300
9395*
.............
9442
1350
9 Cr 1 Mo
1515
17-22-A
1370
17-22-AS
1440
17-22-AV
1435
Graph Mo
1380
Graph Air
1275
1415
1415
1560
1530
.............
1450
1550
1525
1480
1435
1390
.............
1520
1450
1410
1490
1455
.............
1435
1645
1480
1600
1700
1415
1415
Cooling (F)
Ar3
Ar1
1320
1320
1430
1440
.............
1375
1455
1400
1340
1275
1240
.............
1400
1300
1265
1305
1290
.............
1280
1430
1350
1460
1525
1365
1260
1300
1270
1270
1300
.............
1275
1265
1200
1210
1170
1195
.............
1200
1180
1190
830/1080
800
.............
1190
1350
1245
1280
1230
1275
1150
Quench
Temp F
Ms (F)
Mf (F)
.............
1560
1650
1740
1650
1740
1550
.............
.............
.............
1600
.............
.............
1500
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
1700
1575
.............
.............
.............
.............
1450
1460
.............
345
305
260
305
260
620
.............
.............
.............
690
.............
.............
275
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
170
620
.............
.............
.............
.............
410
325
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
460
.............
.............
.............
540
............
............
............
............
............
............
............
............
............
410
............
............
............
............
............
............
SAE
No.
51100
52100
52100
6117
6120
6140
6150
8615
8620
8630
8640
8650
8695*
8720
8740
8750
9310
9317
9395*
9442
9 Cr 1 Mo
17-22-A
17-22-AS
17-22-AV
Graph Mo
Graph Air
* Represents the case of 8600 and 9300 grades of carburizing steels, respectively.
Note: (1) All data in this table is empirically derived unless noted otherwise.
(2) When two temperatures are given for Ar1, the higher represents the pearlitic reaction and the lower represents the bainitic reaction.
(3) See USEFUL EQUATIONS FOR HARDENABLE ALLOY STEELS (see Table of Contents) for formulas to calculate
approximate critical temperatures and Ms points.
MECHANICAL TUBING TOLERANCES

Standard Timken Company Tolerances
HOT ROLLED, ROUND1
OD Tolerances
As rolled or single thermal treatment
TOD = (.0045 OD + .005) or .015 min.
Over10.75 to 12.0 TOD = .095
Quenched and tempered, or normalized and tempered
TOD = 1.5 (.0045 OD + .005) or .023 min.
Over10.75 TOD = .113
Wall Tolerances (All Thermal Conditions)
OD to wall ratio over 10:1 ............. 10%
OD to wall ratio 10:1 or less ......... 7.5%
Over10.75 to 12.0 OD ................... 10%
Note: Minimum wall tolerance is .020 inches
ROUGH TURNED, ROUND1
OD Tolerances
As turned or single thermal treatment
TOD = .005 (under 6.75")
TOD = .010 (6.75" and over)
Straightened and/or tempered or stress relieved after
rough turning TOD = .010 all sizes
Under 6.75 inches (171.5) mm)
Heat Treated Before Rough Turned TOD = .010
Heat Treated After Rough Turned TOD = .015
6.75 inches (172.5 mm) and over
Heat Treated Before Rough Turned TOD = .020
Heat Treated After Rough Turned TOD = .030
OD to wall ratio over 10:1 ............. 12.5%
OD to wall ratio 10:1 or less ......... 10.0%
Note: Minimum wall tolerance is .020 inches
OD - Outside Diameter
ID - Inside Diameter
T - Tolerance
W - Wall Thickness
All tolerances and dimensions are in inches.

1
Hot rolled and rough turned tubes can be purchased to
outside diameter (OD) and wall thickness (W) only.
Timken Company guaranteed tube sizes are calculated using Timken Company
tolerances.
82

COLD DRAWN, ROUND2
OD Tolerances
As drawn or stress relieved
TOD/ID = (.0023 OD - .003) or .004 min.
Drawn and annealed, or normalized
TOD/ID = 1.8(.0023 OD - .003) or .007 min.
(OD & wall or ID & wall dimensions only)
TOD/ID = 2.5(.0023 OD - .003) or .010 min.
(OD & ID dimensions only)
TOD/ID = 3.75(.0023 OD - .003) or .015 min.
OD to wall ratio over 10:1 ............ 7.5%
OD to wall ratio 10:1 to 4:1 ............ 6%
OD to wall ratio under 4:1 ............ 7.5%
Note:
(1) Minimum wall tolerance is .012 inches

(2) When ID is under .625 inch, inquiry basis
(3) Walls 6% of OD and lighter, inquiry basis
(4) When OD & ID dimensions, use 7.5% wall
T - Tolerance
W - Wall Thickness

2
Tubes with a final OD/W ratio less than 4:1 or a nominal
finish wall size greater than 1.250 inches will have a
hot rolled ID and will be produced to cold drawn OD
tolerances and hot rolled wall tolerances.
ASTM A-519 tolerances are acceptable except for cold finished sizes smaller
than 2.500 inches diameter, where Timken Company tolerances apply.
83

ROTOROLLED, ROUND
OD Tolerances
As Rotorolled
TOD/ID = (.0024 OD + .0016) or .005 min. OD
.010 min. ID
Rotorolled and tempered
TOD/ID = (.0024 OD + .007) or .010 min.
(OD & wall or ID & wall dimensions only)
TOD/ID = 2(.0024 OD + .0016) or .010 min.
(OD & ID dimensions only)
TOD/ID = 3(.0024 OD + .0016) or .015 min.
All wall thicknesses 5%
Note:
Minimum wall tolerance is .012 inches
84
T - Tolerance
W - Wall Thickness

Special Processed Tubing Tolerances
COLD DRAWN, SHAPED (Square, Rectangular or Oval)
OD Tolerances
As drawn or tempered
TOD/ID = .005 OD or .020 min.
All wall thicknesses 10% at center of flats
COLD DRAWN, SHAPED3 (Dissimilar OD and ID Configuration)
OD Tolerances
As drawn or tempered
All wall thicknesses 10% at center of flats
T - Tolerance
W - Wall Thickness

3
When corner radii and twist are important, they must be reviewed by our mill prior to
acceptance of the order.
85
LENGTH TOLERANCES
All Conditions - Seamless Steel Tubing
Random Lengths
Tubing shipped on random length orders will range from 5 feet to 24
feet long unless otherwise specified.
Multiple Lengths
For tubing ordered in multiple lengths, it is standard practice for the
customer to make his own allowance for loss of steel due to his cutting
operations. These allowances will vary from one customer to another
due to their cutting practices and the amount of facing required on the
ends of the part. Therefore, tubing will be furnished to the multiple
length as specified by the customer.
Specified Length
Specified Size
Outside Diameter
4 feet and under

Up to 2 inches incl.
4 feet and under
Over 2 inches to 4 inches incl.
4 feet and under
Over 4 inches
Over 4 feet to 10 feet, incl. Up to 2 inches incl.
Over 4 feet to 10 feet, incl.
Over 2 inches
All
All
All
86
Permissible
Variations
Over
Under
1/16 inch
3/32 inch
1/8 inch
3/32 inch
1/8 inch
3/16 inch
5/16 inch
7/16 inch
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
STRAIGHTNESS TOLERANCES
All Conditions - Seamless Steel Tubing
Straightness tolerances (T) should not exceed those shown in the
tables below. The tolerance (T) for any 3-foot length is measured as
shown in Figure 1. The total tolerance, the maximum curvature in the
total length, is measured as shown in Figure 2. The table applies to
lengths not exceeding 22 feet.
The tolerances shown apply to conventional steel grades of as rolled,
annealed, and heat treated tubing up to 302 Brinell maximum or micro
alloy grades with a hardness of 229 Brinell or below. Heat treated
tubes with a Brinell hardness of 302 maximum up to 401 maximum or
micro alloy grades with a Brinell hardness exceeding 229 will have
tolerance (T) twice the values shown in the table. Tubes with lighter
walls, or with hardness exceeding 401 Brinell maximum, or weighing
greater than 140 pounds per foot, require agreement on tolerances at
time of order.
FIGURE 1
FIGURE 2
Measuring technique for straightness in any three feet
Measuring technique for overall straightness

L
Tmax
Three foot straight-edge
Tmax
Surface plate
Specified Size
Maximum
Curvature
in Total Lengths
of 5 feet or more
Maximum
Curvature
for Lengths
Under 5 feet
.020 x length in feet
Ratio of
.010"
per foot
Maximum
Curvature
in any 3 feet
OD 5" and smaller.

Wall thickness,
over 3% of OD
.030"
OD over 5" to 8" inclusive. Wall thickness, over 4% of OD
.045"
OD over 8" to 11"

inclusive Wall thickness, over 4% of OD
.060"
3
3
3
87
Ratio of
0.015"
per foot
Ratio of
0.020"
per foot
THEORETICAL FOOT WEIGHTS OF SEAMLESS

STEEL MECHANICAL TUBING
(AVERAGE WALL)
D
d
W = 10.68 (D - t) t
W = 13.60 (D - t) t
eD = 1.128 D
ed = 1.128 d
D
t
2d
t
W = 13.60 (D - t) t
eD = 1.128 D
ed = 1.128 d
2D
d2 D2
t
d1
D1
Where:
W = 5.34 (D 1 + D 2 - 2t) t
eD = D 1 + D 2
2
ed = d 1 + d 2
2
W = Weight in pounds per foot.

D = Outside diameter or distance across flats in inches.
d = Inside diameter or distance across flats in inches.
t = Wall thickness in inches.
eD = Equivalent round outside diameter in inches.
ed = Equivalent round inside diameter in inches.
et = Equivalent wall thickness in inches.
D1 = Major outside diameter of oval tube in inches.
d1 = Major inside diameter of oval tube in inches.
D2 = Minor outside diameter of oval tube in inches.
d2 = Minor inside diameter of oval tube in inches.

Note: unit weight is always expressed in 4 digits regardless of
decimal point placement.
88
TUBING
CD HR MECH-HR BRG O.D. CLEANUPS
Outside Diameter (mm)
25.40
50.80
76.20
101.60
127.00
152.40 177.80 203.20
228.00
254.00
279.40
304.80
0.18
4.572
0.17
4.318
0.16
4.064
HR-OD
Clean-up
0.15
3.810
3.556
CD-OD
Cleanup
0.13
0.12
3.302
3.048
0.11
2.794
0.10
2.540
0.09
2.286
HR-CD-ID Cleanup
0.08
2.032
0.07
1.778
0.06
1.524
0.05
1.270
0.04
1.016
0.03
0.762
0.02
0.508
0.01
0.254
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
Outside Diameter (inches)
9.0
10.0
11.0
12.0
Cleanup (mm)
89
Cleanup (inches)
0.14
BAR TOLERANCE FOR HOT ROLLED

ALLOY BARS
Variation from Size
Specified Sizes
(Rounds or Squares)
Over
Under
To 5/16" incl.
.005"
.005"
.008"
Over 5/16" to 7/16" incl.
.006"
.006"
.009"
.007"
.007"
.010"
.008"
.008"
.012"
Over 7/8" to 1" incl.
.009"
.009"
.013"
Over 1" to 1-1/8" incl.
.010"
.010"
.015"
Over 1-1/8" to 1-1/4" incl.
.011"
.011"
.016"
Over 1-1/4" to 1-3/8" incl.
.012"
.012"
.018"
Over 1-3/8" to 1-1/2" incl.
.014"
.014"
.021"
Over 1-1/2" to 2" incl.
1/64"
1/64"
.023"
Over 2" to 2-1/2" incl.
1/32"
0"
.023"
Over 2-1/2" to 3-1/2" incl.
3/64"
0"
.035"
Over 3-1/2" to 4-1/2" incl.
1/16"
0"
.046"
Over 4-1/2" to 5-1/2" incl.
5/64"
0"
.058"
Over 5-1/2" to 6 1/2" incl.
1/8"
0"
.070"
Over 6-1/2" to 8-1/4" incl.
5/32"
0"
.085"
Over 8-1/4" to 9-1/2" incl.
3/16"
0"
.100"
Over 9-1/2" to 10" incl.
1/4"
0"
.120"
90
Out-of-Round
or Square
STRAIGHTNESS TOLERANCE
HOT ROLLED STEEL BARS
Rounds, Squares, Hexagons, Octagons, Flats,
and SpringFlats
Measurement is taken on the concave side of the bar
with a straight edge.
Normal Straightness
Special Straightness
/4" in any 5 ft.
/8" in any 5 ft.
or
1
/4" x
or
length in ft.
/8" x
length in ft.
5
Note: Because of warpage, straightness tolerances do not apply to bars if any

subsequent heating operation or controlled cooling has been performed.
Note: Tolerances shown are based upon ASTM A29
MACHINING ALLOWANCE
FOR HOT ROLLED BARS
Minimum Stock Removal (diameter)
Standard Grades
2% per side
Resulfursized Grades
3% per side
Note: Based on bars within special straightness tolerance. Since straightness is a

function of length, additional machining allowance may be required for turning
on centers.
91
MASTER WEIGHT TABLES FOR

ROUNDS AND SQUARES
Weight Per Ft. - in Lbs.
Sq. Cor.
Size
Squares
Rounds

Sq. Cor.
Size
Squares
Rounds
1/8"
9/64"
5/32"
11/64"
.0531
.0672
.0830
.1004
.0417
.0528
.0652
.0789
3/4"
49/64"
25/32"
51/64"
1.9125
1.9930
2.0752
2.1590
1.5021
1.5653
1.6299
1.6957
3/16"
13/64"
7/32"
15/64"
.1195
.1403
.1627
.1868
.0939
.1102
.1278
.1467
13/16"
53/64"
27/32"
55/64"
2.2445
2.3317
2.4205
2.5110
1.7629
1.8313
1.9011
1.9721
1/4"
17/64"
9/32"
19/64"
.2125
.2399
.2689
.2997
.1669
.1884
.2112
.2354
7/8"
57/64"
29/32"
59/64"
2.6031
2.6969
2.7924
2.8895
2.0445
2.1182
2.1931
2.2694
5/16"
21/64"
11/32"
23/64"
.3320
.3661
.4018
.4391
.2608
.2875
.3155
.3449
15/16"
61/64"
31/32"
63/64"
2.9883
3.0887
3.1908
3.2946
2.3470
2.4259
2.5061
2.5876
3/8"
25/64"
13/32"
27/64"
.4781
.5188
.5611
.6051
.3755
.4075
.4407
.4753
1"
1-1/32"
1-1/16"
1-3/32"
3.400
3.616
3.838
4.067
2.6704
2.8399
3.0146
3.1945
7/16"
29/64"
15/32"
31/64"
.6508
.6981
.7471
.7977
.5111
.5483
.5867
.6265
1-1/8"
1-5/32"
1-3/16"
1-7/32"
4.303
4.546
4.795
5.050
3.3797
3.5700
3.7656
3.9664
1/2"
33/64"
17/32"
35/64"
.8500
.9040
.9596
1.0168
.6676
.7100
.7536
.7986
1-1/4"
1-9/32"
1-5/16"
1-11/32"
5.313
5.581
5.587
6.139
4.1724
4.3836
4.6001
4.8218
9/16"
37/64"
19/32"
39/64"
1.0758
1.1364
1.1986
1.2625
.8449
.8925
.9414
.9916
1-3/8"
1-13/32"
1-7/16"
1-15/32"
6.428
6.724
7.026
7.335
5.0486
5.2807
5.5180
5.7606
5/8"
41/64"
21/32"
43/64"
1.3281
1.3954
1.4643
1.5348
1.0431
1.0959
1.1500
1.2054
1-1/2"
1-17/32"
1-9/16"
1-19/32"
7.650
7.972
8.301
8.636
6.0083
6.2612
6.5194
6.7838
11/16"
45/64"
23/32"
47/64"
1.6070
1.6809
1.7564
1.8336
1.2622
1.3202
1.3795
1.4401
1-5/8"
1-21/32"
1-11/16"
1-23/32"
8.978
9.327
9.682
10.044
7.0514
7.3252
7.6043
7.8885
Round Cornered squares differ in weight from above schedule. However, round
cornered squares can usually be rolled to foot weights shown above when desired.
92

ROUNDS AND SQUARES- Continued
Sq. Cor.
Size
Squares
Rounds

Sq. Cor.
Size
Squares
Rounds
1-3/4"
1-25/32"
1-13/16"
1-27/32"
10.413
10.788
11.170
11.558
8.1780
8.4726
8.7725
9.0776
3"
3-1/32"
3-1/16"
3-3/32"
30.600
31.241
31.888
32.542
24.033
24.537
25.045
25.559
1-7/8"
1-29/32"
1-15/16"
1-31/32"
11.953
12.355
12.763
13.178
9.3880
9.7035
10.0243
10.3502
3-1/8"
3-5/32"
3-3/16"
3-7/32"
33.203
33.871
34.545
35.225
26.078
26.602
27.131
27.666
2"
2-1/32"
2-1/16"
2-3/32"
13.600
14.028
14.463
14.905
10.6814
11.0178
11.3595
11.7063
3-1/4"
3-9/32"
3-5/16"
3-11/32"
35.913
36.606
37.307
38.014
28.206
28.751
29.301
29.856
2-1/8"
2-5/32"
2-3/16"
2-7/32"
15.353
15.808
16.270
16.738
12.0583
12.4156
12.7781
13.1458
3-3/8"
3-13/32"
3-7/16"
3-15/32"
38.728
39.449
40.176
40.910
30.417
30.983
31.554
32.130
2-1/4"
2-9/32"
2-5/16"
2-11/32"
17.213
17.694
18.182
18.677
13.5187
13.8968
14.2802
14.6687
3-1/2"
3-9/16"
3-5/8"
3-11/16"
41.650
43.151
44.678
46.232
32.712
33.891
35.090
36.311
2-3/8"
2-13/32"
2-7/16"
2-15/32"
19.178
19.686
20.201
20.722
15.0625
15.4615
15.8657
16.2751
3-3/4"
3-13/16"
3-7/8"
3-15/16"
47.813
49.420
51.053
52.713
37.552
38.814
40.097
41.401
2-1/2"
2-17/32"
2-9/16"
2-19/32"
21.250
21.785
22.326
22.874
16.6898
17.1096
17.5346
17.9650
4"
4-1/16"
4-1/8"
4-3/16"
54.400
56.113
57.853
59.620
42.726
44.071
45.438
46.825
2-5/8"
2-21/32"
2-11/16"
2-23/32"
23.428
23.989
24.557
25.131
18.4004
18.8410
19.2870
19.7382
4-1/4"
4-5/16"
4-3/8"
4-7/16"
61.413
63.232
65.078
66.951
48.233
49.662
51.112
52.583
2-3/4"
2-25/32"
2-13/16"
2-27/32"
25.713
26.300
26.895
27.496
20.1946
20.656
21.123
21.595
4-1/2"
4-9/16"
4-5/8"
4-11/16"
68.850
70.776
72.728
74.707
54.075
55.587
57.121
58.675
2-7/8"
2-29/32"
2-15/16"
2-31/32"
28.103
28.717
29.338
29.996
22.072
22.555
23.042
23.535
4-3/4"
4-13/16"
4-7/8"
4-15/16"
76.713
78.745
80.803
82.888
60.250
61.846
63.463
65.100
93

Sq. Cor.
Size
Squares
Rounds

Sq. Cor.
Size
Squares
Rounds
5"
5-1/16"
5-1/8"
5-3/16"
85.000
87.138
89.303
91.495
66.759
68.438
70.139
71.860
7-1/2"
7-9/16"
7-5/8"
7-11/16"
191.25
194.45
197.68
200.93
150.21
152.72
155.26
157.81
5-1/4"
5-5/16"
5-3/8"
5-7/16"
93.713
95.957
98.228
100.526
73.602
75.364
77.148
78.953
7-3/4"
7-13/16"
7-7/8"
7-15/16"
204.21
207.52
210.85
214.21
160.39
162.99
165.60
168.24
5-1/2"
5-9/16"
5-5/8"
5-11/16"
102.850
105.20
107.58
109.98
80.778
82.62
84.49
86.38
8"
8-1/16"
8-1/8"
8-3/16"
217.60
221.01
224.45
227.92
170.90
173.58
176.29
179.01
5-3/4"
5-13/16"
5-7/8"
5-15/16"
112.41
114.87
117.35
119.86
88.29
90.22
92.17
94.14
8-1/4"
8-5/16"
8-3/8"
8-7/16"
231.41
234.93
238.48
242.05
181.75
184.52
187.30
190.11
6"
6-1/16"
6-1/8"
6-3/16"
122.40
124.96
127.55
130.17
96.13
98.15
100.18
102.24
8-1/2"
8-9/16"
8-5/8"
8-11/16"
245.65
249.28
252.93
256.61
192.93
195.78
198.65
201.54
6-1/4"
6-5/16"
6-3/8"
6-7/16"
132.81
135.48
138.18
140.90
104.31
106.41
108.53
110.66
8-3/4"
8-13/16"
8-7/8"
8-15/16"
260.31
264.04
267.80
271.59
204.45
207.38
210.33
213.31
6-1/2"
6-9/16"
6-5/8"
6-11/16"
143.65
146.43
149.23
152.06
112.82
115.00
117.20
119.43
9"
9-1/16"
9-1/8"
9-3/16"
275.40
279.2
283.1
287.0
216.30
219.3
222.4
225.4
6-3/4"
6-13/16"
6-7/8"
6-15/16"
154.91
157.79
160.70
163.64
121.67
123.93
126.22
128.52
9-1/4"
9-5/16"
9-3/8"
9-7/16"
290.9
294.9
298.8
302.8
228.5
231.6
234.7
237.8
7"
7-1/16"
7-1/8"
7-3/16"
166.60
169.59
172.60
175.64
130.85
133.19
135.56
137.95
9-1/2"
9-9/16"
9-5/8"
9-11/16"
306.8
310.9
315.0
319.1
241.0
244.2
247.4
250.6
7-1/4"
7-5/16"
7-3/8"
7-7/16"
178.71
181.81
184.93
188.08
140.36
142.79
145.24
147.71
9-3/4"
9-13/16"
9-7/8"
9-15/32"
323.2
327.4
331.6
335.8
253.9
257.1
260.4
263.7
94

Sq. Cor.
Size
Squares
Rounds

Sq. Cor.
Size
Squares
Rounds
10"
10-1/16"
10-1/8"
10-3/16"
340.0
344.3
348.5
352.9
267.0
270.4
273.8
277.1
11-3/4"
11-13/16"
11-7/8"
11-15/16"
469.4
474.4
479.5
484.5
368.7
372.6
376.6
380.5
10-1/4"
10-5/16"
10-3/8"
10-7/16"
357.2
361.6
366.0
370.4
280.6
284.0
287.4
290.9
12"
12-1/16"
12-1/8"
12-3/16"
489.6
494.6
499.8
505.0
384.5
388.5
392.5
396.6
10-1/2"
10-9/16"
10-5/8"
10-11/16"
374.9
379.3
383.8
388.4
294.4
297.9
301.5
305.0
12-1/4"
12-5/16"
12-3/8"
12-7/16"
510.2
515.4
520.6
525.9
400.7
404.8
408.9
413.0
10-3/4"
10-13/16"
10-7/8"
10-15/16"
392.9
397.5
402.1
406.7
308.6
312.2
315.8
319.5
12-1/2"
13"
13-1/2"
14"
531.2
575
620
666
417.2
451
487
523
11"
11-1/16"
11-1/8"
11-3/16"
411.4
416.1
420.8
425.5
323.1
326.8
330.5
334.2
14-1/2"
15"
15-1/2"
16"
715
765
817
871
561
601
642
684
11-1/4"
11-5/16"
11-3/8"
11-7/16"
430.3
435.1
439.9
448.8
337.9
341.7
345.5
349.3
16-1/2"
17"
17-1/2"
18"
926
982
1040
1102
727
772
818
865
11-1/2"
11-9/16"
11-5/8"
11-11/16"
449.6
454.6
459.5
464.4
353.1
357.0
360.9
364.8
18-1/2"
19"
19-1/2"
20"
1164
1227
1293
1360
914
964
1015
1068
95
SPC TERMS
X -
The Individual measurement.
X -
(X bar) Average of a subgroup.
X -
(X double bar) Average of the X's. Also referred to as the

Process Average.
R -
Amount of the difference between the largest and the smallest

measurement in each subgroup.
MR - (moving range) The difference between X of the present

subgroup and the X of the preceding subgroup. Used with a
subgroup size of 1.
(R bar) The average of the ranges.
n -
Number of measurements in each subgroup.
k -
Number of subgroups on the control chart.
(Greek letter Sigma) The measure of dispersion around a

central point. Also referred to as the Standard Deviation.
Estimated - uses variation within subgroups to estimate the

population standard deviation.
<
R -
UCL - Upper control limit.

LCL - Lower control limit.
USL - Upper specification limit.
LSL - Lower Specification limit.
Cp - Indicates the potential capability of the process if it is stable and
centered between the upper and lower specification limits.
Cpk - Indicates the capability of the process if it is stable and
locates the process with respect to the specification limits.
Cr -
Capability Ratio = 1/Cp Somtimes expressed as the percent of

tolerance used in (%).
96
CALCULATIONS FOR X AND R CHARTS

AND CAPABILITY
CONTROL CHARTS FOR
VARIABLES
_
PROCESS CAPABILITY
Estimated_ ()
= R/d2
Calculate the Average (X) and

Range (R) of each subgroup
X 1 + X2 + . . . . . X n
n
R = Xmax - Xmin
X=
Estimated Process Capability (Cp)

Cp =
_
Calculate the Average Range (R)
and the process Average (X)
X 1 + X2 + . . . . . X k
k
R1 + R2 + . . . . . Rk
k
X=
R=
Estimated Capability Ratio (Cr)

Cr = 1/Cp x 100 (%)
Estimated Process Capability (Cpk)
Calculate the Control Limits
UCLR = D4R
LCL X = X - A2R
LCLR = D3R
CPU =
UCL _X = X + A2R
USL - LSL
6
USL - X
3
CPL =
X - LSL
3
CPK = Minimum of CPU or CPL
Note:A2, D3, D4, d2 factors are dependent on subgroup size (n). See factor values table.
Note:Calculations of Process capability (Cp, Cpk, Cr) are only valid for stable processes.
NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
FACTOR VALUES
N
D4
3.27
2.57
2.28
12
2.11 2.00 1.72
D3
A2
1.86
1.02
0.73
0.58 0.48 0.27
0.26
d2
1.13
1.69
2.06
2.33 2.53 3.26
-3
* No constant for subgroup sizes below 7.
97
-2
-1
X
+1
68.3%
95.4%
99.7%
+2 +3
CONTROL CHARTS FOR ATTRIBUTES

The p Chart
The u Chart
_
total nonconformities
number of rejects in subgroup _ __________________
p = _________________________ u =
total units inspected
number inspected in subgroups
______
_
_
3 p ( 1- p )
_________
UCLP = P +
_
_
3
The np Chart
The u Chart
np = Number of non-conforming
units within a sample
c=
LCL np = np - 3
c=
Average number of nonconfomities per sample
UCLc = c + 3 c
np (1 - p )
_
The count (number) of

nonconformities within a
sample
np = Average number of
nonconforming units per
sample
_
3 u
LCLu = u - _____
3 p ( 1- p )
LCLP = P - _________
UCLnp = np + 3
UCLu = u + _____
LCL c = c - 3 c
np (1 - p )
Identification of Out-of Control Conditions

(Each point is a subgroup)
One or
More Points
Outside
Control
Limits.
A Run Of
7 Or More
Points
Increasing.
A Run Of
7 Or More
Points
Decreasing.
A Run Of
7 Or More
Points On
Either Side
Of Aim Size.
98
GLOSSARY OF
METALLURGICAL TERMS
Alloying Elements
ALUMINUM - Al
is used to deoxidize steel and control grain size. Grain size control
is effected by forming a fine dispersion with nitrogen and oxygen
which restricts austenite grain growth. Aluminum is also an extremely
effective nitride former in nitriding steels.
BORON - B
is usually added between .0005-.003% to significantly increase the
hardenability, especially for low carbon alloys. It does not affect the
strength of ferrite, therefore not sacrificing ductility, formability or
machinability in the annealed state.
CALCIUM - Ca
is used in certain steels to control the shape, size and distribution of
oxide and/or sulfide inclusions. Benefits may include improved
ductility, impact strength and machinability.
CARBON - C
is the most important alloying element which is essential for the
formation of cementite, pearlite, spheriodite, bainite, and iron-carbon
martensite. Compared to steels with similar microstructures, strength,
hardness, hardenability, and ductile-to-brittle transition temperature
are increased with increasing carbon content up to approximately
.60%. Toughness and ductility of pearlitic steels are decreased with
increasing carbon content.
CHROMIUM - Cr
is used in low alloy steels to increase 1) resistance to corrosion and
oxidation, 2) high temperature strength, 3) hardenability, and 4)
abrasion resistance in high carbon alloys. Straight chromium steels
are susceptible to temper embrittlement and can be brittle.
COPPER - Cu
is detrimental to hot workability and subsequent surface quality. It is
used in certain steels to improve resistance to atmospheric corrosion.
LEAD - Pb
improves machinability. It does not dissolve in steel but stays as
globules. Environmental concerns are resulting in a decreased
usage of lead in the steel industry.
MANGANESE - Mn
is important because it deoxidizes the melt and facilitates hot working
of the steel by reducing the susceptibility to hot shortness. It combines
with sulfur to form MnS stringers which increases machinability.
Manganese contributes to the effectiveness of normalizing for
strengthening, to the formation of fine pearlite, and lowers the Ms
temperature, therefore increasing the probability of retained austenite.
99
GLOSSARY - continued
MOLYBDENUM - Mo
increases hardenability of steels and helps maintain a specified
hardenability. It increases high temperature tensile and creep
strengths. Molybdenum hardened steels require higher tempering
temperatures for softening purposes.
NICKEL - Ni
is used in low alloy steels to reduce the sensitivity of the steel to
variations in heat treatment and distortion and cracking on quenching.
It also improves low temperature toughness and hardenability.
NIOBIUM - Nb (Columbium - Cb)
lowers transition temperature and raises the strength of low carbon
steel. Niobium increases strength at elevated temperatures, results
in finer grain size and forms stable carbides, lowering the hardenability
of the steel.
NITROGEN - N
increases the strength, hardness and machinability of steel, but it
decreases the ductility and toughness. In aluminum killed steels,
nitrogen combines with the aluminum to provide grain size control,
thereby improving both toughness and strength. Nitrogen can reduce
the effect of boron on the hardenability of steels.
PHOSPHORUS - P
is generally restricted to below 0.04 weight percent to minimize its
detrimental effect on ductility and toughness. Certain steels may
contain higher levels to enhance machinability, strength and/or
atmospheric corrosion resistance.
SILICON - Si
is one of the principal deoxidizers with the amount used dependent
on the deoxidization practice. It slightly increases the strength of
ferrite without a serious loss of ductility. In larger quantities, it aids
the resistance to scaling up to 500F in air and decreases magnetic
hysteresis loss.
SULFUR - S
is detrimental to transverse strength and impact resistance. It affects
longitudinal properties to a lesser degree. Existing primarily in the
form of manganese sulfide stringers, sulfur is typically added to
improve machinability.
TITANIUM - Ti
is added to boron steels because it combines with oxygen and
nitrogen, thus increasing the effectiveness of boron. Titanium, as
titanium nitride, also provides grain size control at elevated
temperatures in microalloy steels. In excess, titanium is detrimental
to machinability and internal cleanness.
100
TELLURIUM - Te
is added to steel to modify sulfide type inclusion size, morphology
and distribution. The resulting sulfide type inclusions are finer and
remain ellipsoidal in shape following hot working, thereby improving
transverse properties.
VANADIUM - V
inhibits grain growth during heat treating while improving strength
and toughness of hardened and tempered steels. Additions up to
.05% increase hardenability whereas larger amounts tend to reduce
hardenability because of carbide formation. Vanadium is also utilized
in ferrite/pearlite microalloy steels to increase hardness through
carbonitride precipitation strengthening of the matrix.
Standard Mill Terminology

ANNEALING
A treatment consisting of heating uniformly to a temperature, within
or above the critical range, and cooling at a controlled rate to a
temperature under the critical range. This treatment is used to
produce a definite microstructure, usually one designed for best
machinability, and/or to remove stresses, induce softness, and alter
ductility, toughness or other mechanical properties.
BILLET
A solid semifinished round or square that has been hot worked
usually smaller than a bloom. Also a general term for wrought starting
stock for forgings or extrusions.
BLOOM
A semifinished hot rolled rectangular product. The width of the bloom
is no more than twice the thickness and the cross-sectional area is
usually not less that 36 square inches.
CAPPED STEEL
A type of steel similar to rimmed steel, usually cast in a bottle top
ingot, in which the application of a mechanical or chemical cap
renders the rimming action incomplete by causing the top metal to
solidify.
DI (Ideal Diameter)
The diameter of a round steel bar that will harden at the center to a
given percent of martensite when subjected to an ideal quench (i.e.,
Grossman quench severity H=infinity)
ELONGATION
In tensile testing, the increase in gage length, measured after the
fracture of a specimen within the gage length, usually expressed as
a percentage of the original gage length.
101
END-QUENCH HARDENABILITY TEST (Jominy Test)
A laboratory procedure for determining the hardenability of a steel or
other ferrous alloy. Hardenability is determined by heating a standard specimen above the upper critical temperature, placing the hot
specimen in a fixture so that a stream of cold water impinges on one
end, and, after cooling to room temperature is completed, measuring
the hardness near the surface of the specimen at regularly spaced
intervals along its length. The data are normally plotted as hardness
versus distance from the quenched end.
HARDNESS
Resistance of a metal to plastic deformation, usually by indentation.
However, this may also refer to stiffness or temper, or to resistance
to scratching, abrasion, or cutting.
IMPACT TEST
A test to determine the behavior of materials when subjected to high
rates of loading, usually in bending, tension or torsion. The quantity
measured is the energy absorbed in breaking the specimen by a
single blow, as in the Charpy or Izod tests.
INGOT
A casting of a simple shape which can be used for hot working or
remelting.
KILLED STEEL
Steel treated with a strong deoxidizer to reduce oxygen to a level
where no reaction occurs between carbon and oxygen during
solidification.
LAP
A surface imperfection which appears as a seam. It is caused by the
folding over of hot metal, fins, or sharp corners and then rolling or
forging them into the surface but not welding them. Laps on tubes
can form from seams on piercing mill billets.
MACHINABILITY
This is a generic term for describing the ability of a material to be
machined. To be meaningful, machinability must be qualified in
terms of tool wear, tool life, chip control, and/or surface finish and
integrity. Overall machining performance is affected by a myriad of
variables relating to the machining operation and the workpiece. An
overall review is provided in the ASM Metals Handbook: Machinability,
Ninth Edition, Volume 16, 1989.
NORMALIZING
A treatment consisting of heating uniformly to temperature at least
100 F above the critical range and cooling in still air at room
temperature. The treatment produces a recrystallization and
refinement of the grain structure and gives uniformity in hardness
and structure to the product.
102
PICKLING
An operation by which surface oxide (scale) is removed by chemical
action. Sulfuric acid is typically used for carbon and low-alloy steels.
After the acid bath, the steel is rinsed in water.
QUENCHING
A treatment consisting of heating uniformly to a predetermined
temperature and cooling rapidly in air or liquid medium to produce a
desired crystalline structure.
REDUCTION OF AREA
The difference, expressed as a percentage of original area, between
the original cross-sectional area of a tensile test specimen and the
minimum cross-sectional area measured after complete separation.
RIMMED STEEL
A low carbon steel having enough iron oxide to give a continuous
evolution of carbon monoxide during solidification giving a rim of
material virtually free of voids.
SCAB
An imperfection which is a flat piece of metal rolled into the steel
surface.
SEAM
A defect on the surface of a metal which appears as a crack.
Experience indicates that most seams are created during the cooling
or reheating of cast structures.
SEMI-KILLED STEEL
Incompletely deoxidized steel which contains enough dissolved
oxygen to react with the carbon to form carbon monoxide to offset
solidification shrinkage.
SPHEROIDIZE ANNEAL
A special type of annealing that requires an extremely long cycle.
This treatment is used to produce globular carbides and maximum
softness for best machinability in some analyses, or to improve cold
formability.
STRAND CASTING (Continuous Casting)
Operation in which a cast shape is continuously drawn through the
bottom of the mold as it solidifies. The length is not determined by
mold dimensions.
STRESS RELIEVE TEMPER
A thermal treatment to restore elastic properties and to minimize
distortion on subsequent machining or hardening operations. This
treatment is usually applied to material that has been heat treated
(quenched and tempered). Normal practice would be to heat to a
temperature 100F lower than the tempering temperatures used to
establish mechanical properties and hardness. Ordinarily, no
straightening is performed after the stress relieve temper.
103
TEMPERING
A treatment consisting of heating uniformly to some predetermined
temperature under the critical range, holding at that temperature a
designated period of time and cooling in air or liquid. This treatment
is used to produce one or more of the following end results: A) to
soften material for subsequent machining or cold working, B) to
improve ductility and relieve stresses resulting from prior treatment
or cold working, and C) to produce the desired mechanical properties or structure in the second step of a double treatment.
TENSILE STRENGTH
In tensile testing, the ratio of maximum load to original crosssectional area.
YIELD POINT
The first stress in a material, usually less than the maximum
attainable stress, at which an increase in strain occurs without an
increase in stress. If there is a decrease in stress after yielding, a
distinction may be made between upper and lower yield points.
YIELD STRENGTH
The stress at which a material exhibits a specified deviation from
proportionality of stress and strain. An offset of .2% is commonly
used.
A
A
A
M
M
M
M
B
B
Information adapted from ASM

and/or SAE publications.
104
USEFUL EQUATIONS FOR

HARDENABLE ALLOY STEELS
Ae1 (F) ~ 1333 - 25 x Mn + 40 x Si + 42 x Cr - 26 x Ni ................. (1)
Ae3 (F) ~ 1570 - 323 x C - 25 x Mn + 80 x Si - 3 x Cr - 32 x Ni ......... (2)
Ac1 (C) ~ 723 -10.7 x Mn + 29.1 x Si +16.9 x Cr -16.9 x Ni +
290 x As + 6.38 x W .............................................................. (3)
Ac3 (C) ~ 910 - 203 x C + 44.7 x Si - 15.2 x Ni + 31.5 x Mo +
104 x V + 13.1 x W .............................................................. (4)
Ms (F) ~ 930 - 600 x C - 60 x Mn - 20 x Si - 50 x Cr - 30 x Ni 20 x Mo - 20 x W ................................................................. (5)
M10 (F) ~ Ms - 18 ................................................................................ (6)
M50 (F) ~ Ms - 85 ................................................................................ (7)
M90 (F) ~ Ms - 185 .............................................................................. (8)
Mf (F) ~ Ms - 387 .............................................................................. (9)
Bs (F) ~ 1526 - 486 x C - 162 x Mn - 126 x Cr - 67 x Ni 149 x Mo .............................................................................. (10)
B50 (F) ~ Bs - 108 ............................................................................. (11)
Bf (F) ~ Bs - 216 ............................................................................. (12)
Carburized Case Depth (in.) ~ .025t, for 1700F ............................... (13)
(t = time in hours)
___________________________________________________________________________
Note:
1 & 2:
3 & 4:
5:
6-12:
13-15:
Each equation above is subject to the chemistry limitations under which

it was developed.
R. A. Grange, Metal Progress, 79, April 1961, p 73.
K. W. Andrews, JISI, 203, 1965, p 721.
E. S. Rowland and S. R. Lyle, Trans. ASM, 37, 1946, p 27.
W. Steven and A. G. Haynes, JISI, 183, 1956, p 349.
F. E. Harris, Metal Progress, 44, August 1943, p 265.
105
HANDY PHYSICAL CONSTANTS

Acceleration of gravity, g
Density of water
32.17 ft/s2 = 9.807 m/s2

62.4 lbm/ft3 = 1 g/cm3
1 gal H2O = 8.345 lbm
Gas Constant, R
Gas volume (STP: 68oF, 1 atm)
Joules Constant, J
Poissons ratio,
1545 ft-lbf/pmole-R = 8.314 J/gmole-K

359 ft3/pmole = .02241 m3/gmole
778 ft-lbf/BTU
.3 (for steel)
Fe-Fe3C eutectoid composition 0.77 w/o carbon

Fe-Fe3C eutectoid temperature 1340oF (727oC)
Modulus of Elasticity (steel)
30 X 106 psi
Steel Densities:
Carbon & Low-Alloy Steels
304 SS
Tool Steels
Moly High Speed
Multiphase Alloys
0.283 lbm/in3 = 7.84 g/cm3

0.29 lbm/in3 = 7.88 g/cm3
Carbon Steels X 1.000
Steel Tensile Strength (psi)
~ 500 X Brinell Number
SI PREFIXES
giga
mega
kilo
milli
micro
nano
G
M
k
m
m
n
106
109
106
103
10-3
10-6
10-9
ENGINEERING CONVERSION FACTORS

Explanation of Dimensional Units
All table entries are categorized according to their specific
combination of basic dimensions of Length [L], Mass [M] and Time [t].
For example, all units of force have the dimensions [M][L][t]-2. The
following better illustrates this convention:
Force = [M][L][t]-2
= (Mass) X (Acceleration)
1 kgf = (1 kg) X (9.80665 m/s2)
Example Conversion
Meters to Yards
(50 m) X (3.28084 ft/m) X (1/3 yd/ft) = 54.68066 yd
Significant Digits
The convention is to retain the number of digits which correctly infers
the known accuracy of the numbers involved. Normally, this means
using the same number of significant digits as occur in the original
number. For the above example, the answer would therefore be
rounded to 55 yards.
When the accuracy of the measurement is known, additional digits
may become significant. For example, if the measurement of 50
meters is known to be accurate to .01 meters (.0109 yards), then the
conversion result may be rounded to 54.58 yards.
107
* Indicates exact conversion(s)
108
CONVERSION FACTORS - Continued
Multiplier
to Convert
to Convert
Mass Density [M] [L]-3
lbm/in3
27.68
lbm/ft3
16.0184
0.03613
0.062428
g/cm3
kg/m3
Power [M] [L]2 [t]-3

Btu/hr
0.292875
ft-lbf/s
1.355818
Horsepower (hp) 745.6999
Horsepower
550.*
3.41443
0.737562
1.341022 E-3
0.001818
Watt (W)
W
W
ft-lbf/s
Pressure (fluid) [M] [L]-1 [t]-2

Atmosphere (atm) 14.696
atm
1.01325 E5*
47.88026
lbf/ft2
2
lbf/in
27.6807
0.068046
9.869233 E-6
2.088543 E-2
0.036126
lbf/in2
Pascal (Pa)
Pa
in. H20 at 39.2F
Stress [M] [L]-1 [t]-2

kgf/cm2
9.80665 E-2*
ksi
6.89476
N/mm2
1.
kgf/mm2
1.42231
0.101972 E2
0.145038
1.
.70307
MPa
MPa
MPa
ksi
Volume [L]3 & Capacity

in3
16.3871
ft3
0.028317
3
ft
7.4805
3
ft
28.3168
Gallon
3.785412
0.061024
35.3147
0.133681
0.035315
0.264172
cm3
m3
Gallon
Liter (l)
Liter
Specific Heat
Btu/lbm-F
1.
1.
cal/g-C
Temperature*
Fahrenheit
Fahrenheit
Celsius
Rankine
(F-32) /1.8
F+459.67
C+273.16
R/1.8
1.8(C) +32
R-459.67
K-273.16
1.8(K)
Celsius
Rankine
Kelvin
Kelvin
.067197
cal-cm/hr-cm2-C
Thermal Conductivity
Btu-ft/hr-ft2-F
14.8816
* Indicates exact conversion(s)
109
METRIC-ENGLISH STRESS
CONVERSION TABLE
Kg Per Sq Mm to Psi to M Pa
M Pa
Kg
per
sq
mm
Psi
M Pa
Kg
per
sq
mm
Psi
M Pa
Kg
per
sq
mm
Psi
M Pa
14,223
15,646
17,068
18,490
19,913
98.1
107.9
117.7
127.5
137.3
50
51
52
53
54
71,117
72,539
73,962
75,384
76,806
490.3
500.1
510.0
519.8
529.6
90
91
92
93
94
128,011
129,433
130,855
132,278
133,700
882.6
892.4
902.2
912.0
921.8
130
131
132
133
134
184,904
186,327
187,749
189,171
190,594
1274.9
1284.7
1294.5
1304.3
1314.1
15
16
17
18
19
21,335
22,757
24,180
25,602
27,024
147.1
156.9
166.7
176.5
186.3
55
56
57
58
59
78,229
79,651
81,073
82,496
83,918
539.4
549.2
559.0
568.8
578.6
95
96
97
98
99
135,122
136,545
137,967
139,389
140,812
931.6
941.4
951.2
961.0
970.9
135
136
137
138
139
192,016
193,438
194,861
196,283
197,705
1323.9
1333.7
1343.5
1353.3
1363.1
20
21
22
23
24
28,447
29,869
31,291
32,714
34,136
196.1
205.9
215.7
225.6
235.4
60
61
62
63
64
85,340
86,763
88,185
89,607
91,030
588.4
598.2
608.0
617.8
622.6
100
101
102
103
104
142,234 980.7 140 199,128

143,656 990.5 141 200,550
145,079 1000.3 142 201,972
146,501 1010.1 143 203,395
147,923 1020.0 144 204,817
1372.9
1382.7
1392.5
1402.4
1412.2
25
26
27
28
29
35,558
36,981
38,403
39,826
41,248
245.2
255.0
264.8
274.6
284.4
65
66
67
68
69
92,452
93,874
95,297
96,719
98,141
637.4
647.2
657.0
666.9
676.7
105
106
107
108
109
149,346
150,768
152,190
153,613
155,035
1029.7
1039.5
1049.3
1059.1
1068.9
145
146
147
148
149
206,239
207,662
209,084
210,506
211,929
1422.0
1431.8
1441.6
1451.4
1461.2
30
31
32
33
34
42,670
44,093
45,515
46,937
48,360
294.2
304.0
313.8
323.6
333.4
70
71
72
73
74
99,564
100,986
102,408
103,831
105,253
686.5
696.3
706.1
715.9
725.7
110
111
112
113
114
156,457
157,880
159,302
160,724
162,147
1078.7
1088.5
1098.3
1108.2
1118.0
150
151
152
153
154
213,351
214,773
216,196
217,618
219,040
1471.0
1480.8
1490.6
1500.4
1510.2
35
36
37
38
39
49,782
51,204
52,627
54,049
55,471
343.2
353.0
362.8
372.7
382.5
75
76
77
78
79
106,675
108,098
109,520
110,943
112,365
735.5
745.3
755.1
764.9
774.7
115
116
117
118
119
163,569
164,991
166,414
167,836
169,258
1127.8
1137.6
1147.4
1157.2
1167.0
155
156
157
158
159
220,463
221,885
223,307
224,730
226,152
1520.0
1529.8
1539.6
1549.5
1559.3
40
41
42
43
44
56,894
58,316
59,738
61,161
62,583
393.3
402.1
411.9
421.7
431.5
80
81
82
83
84
113,787
115,210
116,632
118,054
119,477
784.5
794.3
804.1
814.0
823.8
120
121
122
123
124
170,681
172,103
173,525
174,948
176,370
1176.8
1186.6
1196.4
1206.2
1216.0
45
46
47
48
49
64,005
65,428
66,850
68,272
69,695
441.3
451.1
460.9
470.7
480.5
85
86
87
88
89
120,899
122,321
123,744
125,166
126,588
833.6
843.4
853.2
863.0
872.8
125
126
127
128
129
177,792
179,215
180,637
182,059
183,482
1225.8
1235.6
1245.4
1255.3
1265.1
Kg
per
sq
mm
Psi
10
11
12
13
14
110
WORK-ENERGY CONVERSION TABLE

ft.-lbf
0.7376
1.4751
2.2127
2.9502
3.6878
4.4254
5.1629
5.9005
6.6381
7.3756
8.1132
8.8507
9.5883
10.3259
11.0634
11.8010
12.5386
13.2761
14.0137
14.7512
15.4888
16.2264
16.9639
17.7015
18.4391
19.1766
19.9142
20.6517
21.3893
22.1269
22.8644
23.6020
24.3396
25.0771
25.8147
26.5522
27.2898
28.0274
28.7649
29.5025
30.2400
30.9776
31.7152
32.4527
33.1903
33.9279
34.6654
35.4030
36.1405
36.8781
joules
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
ft.-lbf
37.6157 51
38.3532 52
39.0908 53
39.8284 54
40.5659 55
41.3035 56
42.0410 57
42.7786 58
43.5162 59
44.2537 60
44.9913 61
45.7289 62
46.4664 63
47.2040 64
47.9415 65
48.6791 66
49.4167 67
50.1542 68
50.8918 69
51.6294 70
52.3669 71
53.1045 72
53.8420 73
54.5796 74
55.3172 75
56.0547 76
56.7923 77
57.5298 78
58.2674 79
59.0050 80
59.7425 81
60.4801 82
61.2177 83
61.9552 84
62.6928 85
63.4303 86
64.1679 87
64.9055 88
65.6430 89
66.3806 90
67.1182 91
67.8557 92
68.5933 93
69.3308 94
70.0684 95
70.8060 96
71.5435 97
72.2811 98
73.0186 99
73.7562 100
1.356
2.712
4.067
5.423
6.779
8.135
9.491
10.847
12.202
13.558
14.914
16.270
17.626
18.981
20.337
21.693
23.049
24.405
25.761
27.116
28.472
29.828
31.184
32.540
33.895
35.251
36.607
37.963
39.319
40.675
42.030
43.386
44.742
46.098
47.454
48.809
50.165
51.521
52.877
54.233
55.589
56.944
58.300
59.656
61.012
62.368
63.723
65.079
66.435
67.791
Examples: 1 ft-lbf = 1.356 joules

1 joule = 0.7376 ft-lbf
111
joules
69.147
70.503
71.858
73.214
74.570
75.926
77.282
78.637
79.993
81.349
82.705
84.061
85.417
86.772
88.128
89.484
90.840
92.196
93.551
94.907
96.263
97.619
98.975
100.331
101.686
103.042
104.398
105.754
107.110
108.465
109.821
111.177
112.533
113.889
115.245
116.600
117.956
119.312
120.668
122.024
123.379
124.735
126.091
127.447
128.803
130.159
131.514
132.870
134.226
135.582
TABLES FOR CONVERSION FROM

INCHES INTO MILLIMETERS
Inches
1
/64
/32
3
/64
/16
5
/64
/32
7
/64
/8
9
/64
/32
11
/64
/16
13
/64
/32
15
/64
/4
17
/64
/32
19
/64
/16
21
/64
11
/32
23
/64
/8
25
/64
13
/32
27
/64
/16
29
/64
15
/32
31
/64
/2
Millimeters
.015625
.031250
.046875
.062500
.078125
.093750
.109375
.125000
.140625
.156250
.171875
.187500
.203125
.218750
.234375
.250000
.265625
.281250
.296875
.312500
.328125
.343750
.359375
.375000
.390625
.406250
.421875
.437500
.453125
.468750
.484375
.500000
*On the basis of the conversion factor 1 in. = 25.4 mm.
112
.396875
.793750
1.190625
1.587500
1.984375
2.381250
2.778125
3.175000
3.571875
3.968750
4.365625
4.762500
5.159375
5.556250
5.953125
6.350000
6.746875
7.143750
7.540625
7.937500
8.334375
8.731250
9.128125
9.525000
9.921875
10.318750
10.715625
11.112500
11.509375
11.906250
12.303125
12.700000
TABLES FOR CONVERSION - Continued
Inches
Millimeters
33
/64
17
/32
35
/64
/16
37
/64
19
/32
39
/64
/8
41
/64
21
/32
43
/64
11
/16
45
/64
23
/32
47
/64
/4
49
/64
25
/32
51
/64
13
/16
53
/64
27
/32
55
/64
/8
57
/64
29
/32
59
/64
15
/16
61
/64
31
/32
63
/64
1
(All the values in these tables are exact).
113
.515625
.531250
.546875
.562500
.578125
.593750
.609375
.625000
.640625
.656250
.671875
.687500
.703125
.718750
.734375
.750000
.765625
.781250
.796875
.812500
.828125
.843750
.859375
.875000
.890625
.906250
.921875
.937500
.953125
.968750
.984375
1.000000
13.096875
13.493750
13.890625
14.287500
14.684375
15.081250
15.478125
15.875000
16.271875
16.668750
17.065625
17.462500
17.859375
18.256250
18.653125
19.050000
19.446875
19.843750
20.240625
20.637500
21.034375
21.431250
21.828125
22.225000
22.621875
23.018750
23.415625
23.812500
24.209375
24.606250
25.003125
25.400000
TEMPERATURE CONVERSION TABLES

Albert Sauveur type of table. Values revised.
459.4 to 0
0 to 100
F/C
-273
-268
-262
-257
-251
-459.4
-450
-440
-430
-420
-17.8
-17.2
-16.7
-16.1
-15.6
-246
-240
-234
-229
-223
-410
-400
-390
-380
-370
-218
-212
-207
-201
-196
-360
-350
-340
-330
-320
-190
-184
-179
-173
-169
F/C
100 to 1000
F/C
F/C
0
1
2
3
4
32
33.8
35.6
37.4
39.2
10.0
10.6
11.1
11.7
12.2
50
51
52
53
54
122.0
123.8
125.6
127.4
129.2
38
43
49
54
60
100
110
120
130
140
212
230
248
266
284
260
266
271
277
282
F/C
500 932
510 950
520 968
530 986
540 1004
-15.0
-14.4
-13.9
-13.3
-12.8
5
6
7
8
9
41.0
42.8
44.6
46.4
48.2
12.8
13.3
13.9
14.4
15.0
55
56
57
58
59
131.0
132.8
134.6
136.4
138.2
66
71
77
82
88
150
160
170
180
190
302
320
338
356
374
288
293
299
304
310
550
560
570
580
590
1022
1040
1058
1076
1094
-12.2
-11.7
-11.1
-10.6
-10.0
10
11
12
13
14
50.0
51.8
53.6
55.4
57.2
15.6
16.1
16.7
17.2
17.8
60
61
62
63
64
140.0
141.8
143.6
145.4
147.2
93
99
100
104
110
200
210
212
220
230
392
410
413.6
428
446
316
321
327
332
338
600
610
620
630
640
1112
1130
1148
1166
1184
-310
-300
-290
-280
-273 -459.4
-9.4
-8.9
-8.3
-7.8
-7.2
15
16
17
18
19
59.0
60.8
62.6
64.4
66.2
18.3
18.9
19.4
20.0
20.6
65
66
67
68
69
149.0
150.8
152.6
154.4
156.2
116
121
127
132
138
240
250
260
270
280
464
482
500
518
536
343
349
354
360
366
650
660
670
680
690
1202
1220
1238
1256
1274
-168
-162
-157
-151
-146
-270
-260
-250
-240
-230
-454
-436
-418
-400
-382
-6.7
-6.1
-5.6
-5.0
-4.4
20
21
22
23
24
68.0
69.8
71.6
73.4
75.2
21.1
21.7
22.2
22.8
23.3
70
71
72
73
74
158.0
159.8
161.6
163.4
165.2
143
149
154
160
166
290
300
310
320
330
554
572
590
608
626
371
377
382
388
393
700
710
720
730
740
1292
1310
1328
1346
1364
-140
-134
-129
-123
-118
-220
-210
-200
-190
-180
-364
-346
-328
-310
-292
-3.9
-3.3
-2.8
-2.2
-1.7
25
26
27
28
29
77.0
78.8
80.6
82.4
84.2
23.9
24.4
25.0
25.6
26.1
75
76
77
78
79
167.0
168.8
170.6
172.4
174.2
171
177
182
188
193
340
350
360
370
380
644
662
680
698
716
399
404
410
416
421
750
760
770
780
790
1382
1400
1418
1436
1454
-112
-107
-101
-96
-90
-170
-160
-150
-140
-130
-274
-256
-238
-220
-202
-1.1
- .6
0
.6
1.1
30
31
32
33
34
86.0
87.8
89.6
91.4
93.2
26.7
27.2
27.8
28.3
28.9
80
81
82
83
84
176.0
177.8
179.6
181.4
183.2
199
204
210
216
221
390
400
410
420
430
734
752
770
788
806
427
432
438
443
449
800
810
820
830
840
1472
1490
1508
1526
1544
-84
-79
-73
-68
-62
-120
-110
-100
-90
-80
-184
-166
-148
-130
-112
1.7
2.2
2.8
3.3
3.9
35 95.0
36 96.8
37 98.6
38 100.4
39 102.2
29.4
30.0
30.6
31.1
31.7
85
86
87
88
89
185.0
186.8
188.6
190.4
192.2
227
232
238
243
249
440
450
460
470
480
824
842
860
878
896
454
460
466
471
477
850
860
870
880
890
1562
1580
1598
1616
1634
-57
-51
-46
-40
-34
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-94
-76
-58
-40
-22
4.4
5.0
5.6
6.1
6.7
40
41
42
43
44
104.0
105.8
107.6
109.4
111.2
32.2
32.8
33.3
33.9
34.4
90
91
92
93
94
194.0
195.8
197.6
199.4
201.2
254
490 914 482

488
493
499
504
900
910
920
930
940
1652
1670
1688
1706
1724
-29
-23
-17.8
-20
-10
0
-4
14
32
7.2
7.8
8.3
8.9
9.4
45
46
47
48
49
113.0
114.8
116.6
118.4
120.2
35.0 95
35.6 96
36.1 97
36.7 98
37.2 99
37.8 100
203.0
204.8
206.6
208.4
210.2
212.0
510
516
521
527
532
538
950
960
970
980
990
1000
1742
1760
1778
1796
1814
1832
Look up reading in middle column. If in degress Celsius, read Fahrenheit equivalent in

right hand column; if in Fahrenheit degrees, read Celsius equivalent in left hand column.
114
Albert Sauveur type of table. Values revised.

1000 to 2000
C
F/C
538
543
549
554
560
1000
1010
1020
1030
1040
566
571
577
582
588
2000 to 3000
F/C
F/C
1832
1850
1868
1886
1904
816
821
827
832
838
1500
1510
1520
1530
1540
2732
2750
2768
2786
2804
F/C
1093
1099
1104
1110
1116
2000
2010
2020
2030
2040
3632
3650
3668
3686
3704
1371
1377
1382
1388
1393
1050
1060
1070
1080
1090
1922
1940
1958
1976
1994
843
849
854
860
866
1550
1560
1570
1580
1590
593
599
604
610
616
1100
1110
1120
1130
1140
2012
2030
2048
2066
2084
871
877
882
888
893
621
627
632
638
643
1150
1160
1170
1180
1190
2102
2120
2138
2156
2174
649
654
660
666
671
1200
1210
1220
1230
1240
677
682
688
693
699
2500
2510
2520
2530
2540
4532
4650
4568
4586
4604
2822
2840
2858
2876
2894
1121
1127
1132
1138
1143
2050
2060
2070
2080
2090
3722
3740
3758
3776
3794
1399
1404
1410
1416
1421
2550
2560
2570
2580
2590
4622
4640
4658
4676
4694
1600
1610
1620
1630
1640
2912
2930
2948
2966
2984
1149
1154
1160
1166
1171
2100
2110
2120
2130
2140
3812
3830
3848
3866
3884
1427
1432
1438
1443
1449
2600
2610
2620
2630
2640
4712
4730
4748
4766
4784
899
904
910
916
921
1650
1660
1670
1680
1690
3002
3020
3038
3056
3074
1177
1182
1188
1193
1199
2150
2160
2170
2180
2190
3902
3920
3938
3956
3974
1454
1460
1466
1471
1477
2650
2660
2670
2680
2690
4802
4820
4838
4856
4874
2192
2210
2228
2246
2264
927
932
938
943
949
1700
1710
1720
1730
1740
3092
3110
3128
3146
3164
1204
1210
1216
1221
1227
2200
2210
2220
2230
2240
3992
4010
4028
4046
4064
1482
1488
1493
1499
1504
2700
2710
2720
2730
2740
4892
4910
4928
4946
4964
1250
1260
1270
1280
1290
2282
2300
2318
2336
2354
954
960
966
971
977
1750
1760
1770
1780
1790
3182
3200
3218
3236
3254
1232
1238
1243
1249
1254
2250
2260
2270
2280
2290
4082
4100
4118
4136
4154
1510
1516
1521
1527
1532
2750
2760
2770
2780
2790
4982
5000
5018
5036
5054
704
710
716
721
727
1300
1310
1320
1330
1340
2372
2390
2408
2426
2444
982
988
993
999
1004
1800
1810
1820
1830
1840
3272
3290
3308
3326
3344
1260
1266
1271
1277
1282
2300
2310
2320
2330
2340
4172
4190
4208
4226
4244
1538
1543
1549
1554
1560
2800
2810
2820
2830
2840
5072
5090
5108
5126
5144
732
738
743
749
754
1350
1360
1370
1380
1390
2462
2480
2498
2516
2534
1010
1016
1021
1027
1032
1850
1860
1870
1880
1890
3362
3380
3398
3416
3434
1288
1293
1299
1304
1310
2350
2360
2370
2380
2390
4262
4280
4298
4316
4334
1566
1571
1577
1582
1588
2850
2860
2870
2880
2890
5162
5180
5198
5216
5234
760
766
771
777
782
1400
1410
1420
1430
1440
2552
2570
2588
2606
2624
1038
1043
1049
1054
1060
1900
1910
1920
1930
1940
3452
3470
3488
3506
3524
1316
1321
1327
1332
1338
2400
2410
2420
2430
2440
4352
4370
4388
4406
4424
1593
1599
1604
1610
1616
2900
2910
2920
2930
2940
5252
5270
5288
5306
5324
788
793
799
804
810
1450
1460
1470
1480
1490
2642
2660
2678
2696
2714
1066
1071
1077
1082
1088
1093
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
3542
3560
3578
3596
3614
3632
1343
1349
1354
1360
1366
2450
2460
2470
2480
2490
4442
4460
4478
4496
4514
1621
1627
1632
1638
1643
1649
2950
2960
2970
2980
2990
3000
5342
5360
5378
5396
5414
5432
Look up reading in middle column. If in degress Celsius, read Fahrenheit equivalent in

right hand column; if in Fahrenheit degrees, read Celsius equivalent in left hand column.
115
HARDNESS CONVERSION TABLES

BASED ON BRINELL
(APPROXIMATE)
BRINELL HARDNESS
Diameter Tungsten
mm
Carbide
3000 Kg 10 mm Ball
ROCKWELL HARDNESS
A-Scale B-Scale
60 Kg
100 Kg
Brale 1/16" Ball
Diamond
Pyramid
C-Scale
Hardness
150 Kg Superficial Number
Brale
30 N
(Vickers)
Approx.
Tensile
Stength
1000 psi
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
757
86.5
86.0
85.6
85.0
84.4
....
....
....
....
....
70.0
69.0
68.0
67.0
65.9
86.0
85.0
84.4
83.6
82.7
1076
1004
940
900
860
....
....
....
....
....
2.25
....
....
2.35
2.40
745
722
710
682
653
84.1
83.4
83.0
82.2
81.2
....
....
....
....
....
65.3
64.0
63.3
61.7
60.0
82.2
81.1
80.4
79.0
77.5
840
800
780
737
697
....
....
....
....
....
2.45
2.50
2.55
2.60
2.65
627
601
578
555
534
80.5
79.8
79.1
78.4
77.8
....
....
....
....
....
58.7
57.3
56.0
54.7
53.5
76.3
75.1
73.9
72.7
71.6
667
640
615
591
569
323
309
297
285
274
2.70
2.75
2.80
2.85
2.90
514
495
477
461
444
76.9
76.3
75.6
74.9
74.2
....
....
....
....
....
52.1
51.0
49.6
48.5
47.1
70.3
69.4
68.2
67.2
65.8
547
528
508
491
472
263
253
243
235
225
2.95
3.00
3.05
3.10
3.15
429
415
401
388
375
73.4
72.8
72.0
71.4
70.6
....
....
....
....
....
45.7
44.5
43.1
41.8
40.4
64.6
63.5
62.3
61.1
59.9
455
440
425
410
396
217
210
202
195
188
3.20
3.25
3.30
3.35
3.40
363
352
341
331
321
70.0
69.3
68.7
68.1
67.5
....
(110.0)
(109.0)
(108.5)
(108.0)
39.1
37.9
36.6
35.5
34.3
58.7
57.6
56.4
55.4
54.3
383
372
360
350
339
182
176
170
166
160
3.45
3.50
3.55
3.60
3.65
311
302
293
285
277
66.9
66.3
65.7
65.3
64.6
(107.5)
(107.0)
(106.0)
(105.5)
(104.5)
33.1
32.1
30.9
29.9
28.8
53.3
52.2
51.2
50.3
49.3
328
319
309
301
292
155
150
145
141
137
116
HARDNESS CONVERSION TABLES - Continued

BRINELL HARDNESS
Diameter Tungsten
mm
Carbide
3000 Kg 10 mm Ball
ROCKWELL HARDNESS
A-Scale B-Scale
60 Kg
100 Kg
Brale 1/16" Ball
Diamond
Pyramid Approx.
C-Scale
Hardness Tensile
150 Kg Superficial Number
Stength
Brale
30 N
(Vickers) 1000 psi
3.70
3.75
3.80
3.85
3.90
269
262
255
248
241
64.1
63.6
63.0
62.5
61.8
(104.0)
(103.0)
(102.0)
(101.0)
100.0
27.6
26.6
25.4
24.2
22.8
48.3
47.3
46.2
45.1
43.9
284
276
269
261
253
133
129
126
122
118
3.95
4.00
4.05
4.10
4.15
235
229
223
217
212
61.4
60.8
59.7
59.2
58.5
99.0
98.2
97.3
96.4
95.5
21.7
20.5
(18.8)
(17.5)
(16.0)
42.9
41.9
....
....
....
247
241
234
228
222
115
111
....
105
102
4.20
4.25
4.30
4.35
4.40
207
201
197
192
187
57.8
57.4
56.9
56.5
55.9
94.6
93.8
92.8
91.9
90.7
(15.2)
(13.8)
(12.7)
(11.5)
(10.0)
....
....
....
....
....
218
212
207
202
196
100
98
95
93
90
4.45
4.50
4.55
4.60
4.65
183
179
174
170
167
55.5
55.0
53.9
53.4
53.0
90.0
89.0
87.8
86.8
86.0
(9.0)
(8.0)
(6.4)
(5.4)
(4.4)
....
....
....
....
....
192
188
182
178
175
89
87
85
83
81
4.70
4.80
4.90
5.00
5.10
163
156
149
143
137
52.5
51.0
49.9
48.9
47.4
85.0
82.9
80.8
78.7
76.4
(3.3)
(.9)
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
171
163
156
150
143
79
76
73
71
67
5.20
5.30
5.40
5.50
5.60
131
126
121
116
111
46.0
45.0
43.9
42.8
41.9
74.0
72.0
69.8
67.6
65.7
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
137
132
127
122
117
65
63
60
58
56
Values in ( ) are beyond normal range and are given for information only.
The Brinell values in this table are based on the use of a 10mm tungsten
carbide ball; at hardness levels of 429 Brinell and below, the values
obtained with the tungsten carbide ball, the Hultgren ball, and the standard
ball are the same.
117
TIMKEN DESFORD STEEL

A UNIT OF THE TIMKEN COMPANY
Kirby Muxloe
Leicester, LE9 2BJ
England
Telephone ++ 44 (0) 1455 826400
FAX ++ 44 (0) 1455 824815
Timken France
Boite Postale No 89
2, Rue Timken
Colmar Cedex 68002
Telephone: (33) 389-21-4444
MPB - Medemblik
Overleek 9
1671GD Medemblik
The Netherlands
Telephone: (31) 227-54-2344
118
TIMKEN LATROBE STEEL

A TIMKEN COMPANY SUBSIDIARY
2626 Ligonier Street
P.O. Box 31
Latrobe, PA 15650-0031
724-537-7711 FAX: 724-532-6316
Timken Latrobe Steel Special Products
Latrobe, PA 15650-0031
724-537-7711 FAX: 724-532-6529
Sandycreek Service Center
Franklin, PA 16323
814-432-8575 FAX: 814-432-5707
Timken Latrobe Steel Distribution
Marlborough, MA 01752
800-444-4447 FAX: 508-481-6581
Youngstown, OH 44501-1286
800-321-6446 FAX: 330-743-4425
Timken Latrobe Steel Distribution (Koncor)
Wauseon, OH 43567-9700
419-335-8010 FAX: 800-533-4299
Timken Latrobe Steel Europe, Ltd.
Sheffield, England S9 2SD
(44) 114 249-1414 FAX: (44) 114 261-8714
119
THE TIMKEN COMPANY

GENERAL OFFICES
1835 Dueber Avenue SW
Canton, Ohio 44706-2798
1-800-223-1954
www.timken.com
U.S. REGIONAL SALES OFFICES

ATLANTA
5335 Fulton Industrial Blvd.
P.O. Box #43224
Atlanta, Georgia 30336-2401
404-349-4400
Fax: 404-349-7799
DETROIT
31100 Telegraph Road, Suite 270
Bingham Farms, Michigan 48025-4365
248-433-2090
Fax: 248-433-2227
HOUSTON
2901 Wilcrest Dr.
Suite 210
Houston, Texas 77042-3359
713-784-2278
Fax: 713-783-0096
CHICAGO
20W041 101st Street
Lemont, Illinois 60439
630-739-8560
Fax: 630-739-8561
CINCINNATI
8845 Governors Hill Drive
Suite 200
Cincinnati, Ohio 45249-3310
513-677-8118
Fax: 513-677-8489
PHILADELPHIA
409 Mountainview Dr.
Wayne, PA 19087-5533
610-578-0170
Fax: 610-578-0171
CLEVELAND
30575 Bainbridge Road, Suite 280
Solon, Ohio 44139
440-349-1939
Fax: 440-498-0563
INTERNATIONAL SALES OFFICES

330-471-3031 FAX: 330-471-7073
Timken de Mexico SA de CV
Juan FDZ Albarran No. 38
Zona Ind. San Pablo Xalpa 5409
Tlalnepautla
Edo. de Mexico
Mexico
Telephone: (52) 5-726-9825
Timken do Brasil Ltd.

Sao Paulo Brg Plt/Off
Rua Eng. Mesquita Sampaio, 714
Sao Paulo 04711
Brazil
Telephone: (55) 11-5181-1233
120

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Practical Data for

- Registered Trademark of The Timken Company

FREE CUTTING RESULPHURIZED STEELS

FREE CUTTING REPHOSPHORIZED AND

NOTE: 12XX grades are customarily furnished without specified silicon

HIGH MANGANESE CARBON STEEL

STANDARD ALLOY STEELS

STANDARD ALLOY STEELS - continued

PS GRADES (Formerly EX Grades)

P = .040 max, S = .15/.35, Si = 1.00 max

STANDARD H STEELS - continued

.40/.70 1.00/1.45 2.95/3.55

STANDARD CARBON and

RESTRICTED HARDENABILITY STEELS

FORMERLY STANDARD STEELS

FORMERLY STANDARD STEELS - continued

FORMERLY STANDARD STEELS - continued

.30 max 3.00/4.00

FORMERLY STANDARD STEELS - continued

SELECTED MILITARY SPECIFICATIONS

Aircraft Quality Steels Except Where Indicated

* Timken Company mill type

SELECTED MILITARY SPECIFICATIONS - continued

Aircraft Quality Steels Except Where Indicated

P & S = .015 max if consumable vacuum melted steel is specified

* Timken Company mill type

SELECTED AMS ALLOY STEEL SPECIFICATIONS

P & S = .025 max, Cu = .35 max unless specified

SELECTED AMS ALLOY STEEL SPECIFICATIONS - continued

P & S = .025 max, Cu = .35 max unless specified

* Special Aircraft Quality

SELECTED AMS ALLOY STEEL SPECIFICATIONS - continued

P & S = .025 max, Cu = .35 max unless specified

* P = .035 max, S = .040 max

AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEELS

* At producers option, reported only when intentionally added.

AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEELS - continued

Ti = 4 x C min, .60 max

H = Grades for high temperature service.

CHROMIUM STAINLESS STEELS

Prefix TP denotes tubular products.

SELECTED ASTM SPECIFICATIONS

See current ASTM specifications for P & S limitations.

SELECTED ASTM SPECIFICATIONS - continued

See current ASTM specifications for P & S limitations

Ti = 4 x C min, .70 max

Ti = 4 x C min, .60 max

TIMKEN TUBULAR HOLLOW DRILL STEELS

TIMKEN OIL COUNTRY STEELS

P = .015 max, S = .005 max

TIMKEN WELDABLE HIGH STRENGTH STEELS

TM = Trademark of The Timken Company

TIMKEN HIGH STRENGTH STEELS

TIMKEN MICROALLOY STEELS

TIMKEN ALLOY STEELS FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE SERVICE

*.50 Mo steel also available with .08/.14 C.

** Ti =4 x C min, .70 max

*** Ni =.40 max, V =.18/.25, Cb =.06/.10, N =.03/.07, Al =.04 max

TIMKEN HIGH TEMPERATURE ENGINEERING STEELS