ch11 1-Worksheet

Name __________________________________________
Period _________
Date ____________
Unit
5
11.1
What is agriculture, and where did agriculture begin?
How did agriculture change with industrialization?
Agriculture Geography
The following information corresponds to Chapter 11 in your textbook. Fill in the blanks
to complete the definition or sentence. Note: All of the following information in addition to your
reading is important, not just the blanks.
Field Notes: Changing Greens
The crop pictured in the field notes is ___________________. The increase in

acres planted to this crop is in response to the growing _________________________
plants. ______________________ __________ made it possible to grow the crops,
which are resistant to the weed killer, ______________. The company that produces
___________________ is ___________________. Two other crops resistant to Roundup
are _______________ and ______________
_____________________ the production of crops without the use of synthetic or
industrially produced pesticides and fertilizers
o ______________________ are now about 3% of the food sales in the US, and though small is growing.
o Organic crops can be grown everywhere, but most are sold in the global economic ___________
o Organic agriculture in the periphery and semi-periphery is similar to major ______________, almost entirely
for ________________
o _____________________________ certification provides a higher level of income for the farmer.
o Organic agriculture maybe more environmentally friendly, but is not yet able to produce enough to feed the
mass of humanity.
What is agriculture, and where did agriculture begin?
Examine the map on p. 351. Read the title,

the key, look at the divisions. What is the smallest
scale show on the map? ______________ Is there
any certified organically produced crops in Leon
County? _______ Are you sure? Can maps lie?
___________________________ = the deliberate
tending of crops and livestock to produce
____________. ____________, and ___________.
Classifying Economic Activities
_____________ activities the extractive sector;
direct extraction of natural resources from the

environment; hunting and gathering, herding,
fishing, mining, lumbering,
______________ activities the manufacturing
sector; processes raw materials and transforms
them into finished industrial products;
production of an almost infinite range of
commodities (toys, chemicals, buildings, )

____________________ activities the service sector; engaged in services; transportation, banking,
education, )
_______________________ sector - concerned w/ collection, processing, and manipulation of
information & capital (finance, administration, insurance, legal services) Information Age!
_______________________ sector require a high level of specialized knowledge or skill (scientific
research, high-level management) Research & Development Thinking outside the box!
In the US agriculture is produced with Core Processes (Thousands support agricultural production through
________________________________ , ______________________, __________________________, etc, but only about ______ %
of the workforce is directly involved in the agricultural production.
Created by NWatson 2010
In the US the total agricultural production is at an ______ _________ ________, but the proportion
of the labor force in agriculture is at an ______ _________ _________.
In 1950 one farmer produced enough to feed ____ people, today one farmer can feed _____.
New technologies created _____________________, & _________________________________,
_____________________ & _____________________ all designed to increase yields.
The 1 __________________ ________________ occurred around 12,000 yrs ago (Neolithic Era) concurrently
in areas like the Fertile Crescent, China, N. Africa; it was accompanied by a modest population
explosion, along with plant and animal ______________________________ (about 40 animal species have
been domesticated today).
o _____________________ (remember him from the Cultural Landscape?) suggested that __________
crops were first domesticated in _________________ & ______________ with tropical plants. Plants,
including ___________ or ______________, yams, and _______________ (yum!) later in NW S. Am
o ___________________, plants that are reproduced by cultivating seeds is believed to have
developed in the region of ____________________________ (the Fertile Crescent)
____________________________ probably took place about 8000 years ago. The advantages of animal
domestication are their use as _____________________, a source of ____________, & a provider of ____________
st
o ___________________ agriculture
is growing only enough food for

your family, with little or no cash
See Table
11.1 on
page 356
for
secondary
regions
o _________________________________, found primarily in tropical or subtropical zones, where farmers had to
abandon plots of land after the soil became infertile. Between ________ & _____ million people still make a
living by ____________________________ (many more than
those who live by hunting and gathering & more land use than
hunters and gatherers.)
___________________________ (also called
______________ & _____________ agriculture)
uses fire to burn vegetation cleared from the site.
This adds a layer of ash, which contributes to the
soil fertility.
Swidden = the term for land
prepared for planting after slash and burn.
Although Shifting Agriculture uses large areas of
land, it conserves both forests and soil, and uses less energy than modern techniques of
farming
o During colonization, European powers sought to ______________________ farming by ending subsistence and
integrating farmers into the colonial system making farmers grow _____________ such as cotton.
o Subsistence land use is giving way to more _______________________ and _______________________.
How Did Agriculture Change with Industrialization?

Johann Heinrich _______ ____________ (1783-1850) witnessed the 2 Agricultural
Revolution firsthand in Rostock, Germany. His model was the first effort to
analyze the _________________ character of economic activity. Key elements of his
model included:
Four ____________________ rings formed around the city, within which
particular commodities (or crops) dominated, and others were replaced
(without any visible change in terrain, soil, or climate)
Closest to town [1] Dairying and intensive farming occur in the ring closest to
the city. Since vegetables, fruit, milk and other dairy products must get to
market quickly; highly _______________ items, high priced.
[2] Timber and firewood would be produced for __________ and
_____________ materials in the second zone. Before industrialization (and coal
power), wood was a very important fuel for heating and cooking. Wood is
very heavy and difficult to transport so it is located close to the city.
[3] Extensive _________ crops such as wheat for bread, or other grains (less perishable). Since grains last
longer than dairy products and are much lighter than fuel, reducing transport costs, they can be located
______________ from the city.
Outer ring [4] ranching and livestock raising is located in the final ring surrounding the central city.
Animals can be raised far from the city because they are self-___________________. Animals can walk to
the central city for sale or for butchering.
Von Thnens model assumed: 1) ________ terrain, 2) soil quality and conditions are ____________, 3) no
barriers to ____________________ to the market, 4) all transportation done by __________ (& no roads), 5)
farmers will act to _____________________ their profits, and 6) the city is self sufficient, with no external
influences.
nd
rd
The 3 Agricultural Revolution
The __________ Revolution (also called the _____________________________) is still in progress.
1940s research on _____________ (corn) in Mexico that led to a

_____________ seed that would grow better and by 1960s Mexico was no
longer ________________________ .
In the 1960s the Green Rev shifted to _________________ where

scientists cross-bred a dwarf Chinese variety of ______________ with an
_________________ variety to produce __________, a new ________ that had
desirable traits. Newer and better strains ___________ has resistance to
_________ and a growing cycle of _____ days, making it possible to
produce ________ crops per year in some places.
The success of the Green Revolution has been extraordinary. Today

most _______________ are the result of ______________________ rather than the inability to produce food.
The increase in production is a result of new _________________, use of ________________, _____________,

______________________, and _____________ improvements (investment in land, equipment, etc.)
The Green Rev has had limited impact in _________________________ Scientists are studying methods for
producing high yield a super rice, ________________ & __________________ for Africa.
The Green Revolution PART 2
Biotechnology has developed (GE) ________________________ crops or (GMOs) _____________________________
GMOs different from hybrid crops that are cross-bred or cross-pollinated in that they have their genetic
structure changed to make them stronger, more resistant to pests, etc. The US leads in the production of GMOS
with ______% of all acres of corn and ______% of all acres of _____________ using GMOs. Some regions have
banned GMOs with strong reaction against them based on concerns about ______________ & _____________.
Changes in agriculture have environmental, economic, and social implications. _____________________

studied projects to convert wetlands into year round rice production in __________________, While the project
was an agricultural success, women who do most of the agricultural work (___%) received nothing for their labor
when the land was registered as _______________ giving control to the ________ & revealed gender inequities.

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Name __________________________________________

Field Notes: Changing Greens

The crop pictured in the field notes is ___________________. The increase in

What is agriculture, and where did agriculture begin?

Examine the map on p. 351. Read the title,

direct extraction of natural resources from the

commodities (toys, chemicals, buildings, )

is growing only enough food for

o _________________________________, found primarily in tropical or subtropical zones, where farmers had to

How Did Agriculture Change with Industrialization?

The 3 Agricultural Revolution

The Revolution (also called the ___________________) is still in progress.

1940s research on _____________ (corn) in Mexico that led to a

In the 1960s the Green Rev shifted to _________________ where

The success of the Green Revolution has been extraordinary. Today

The increase in production is a result of new _____, use of , _,

Changes in agriculture have environmental, economic, and social implications. _____________________

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