Branches of Statistics Quantitative and Qualitative Data

Statistics- Practice of collecting, analyzing and
Parameter- unknown numerical measurement describing
interpreting data.
the characteristics of a population
-Everything that deals even remotely with

the collection, processing, interpretation and presentation
Statistic- known numerical measurement describing the

characteristics of a sample.
of data belongs to the domain of statistics.
Quantitative and Qualitative Data
Branches of Statistics
Quantitative data- all data that is expressed by
a. Descriptive Statistics- provides concise
numbers
summary of data.
- gives information that
summarize data we already have.
or
count)
a. Discrete- countable
b. Continuous- uncountable
describes the data in some manner.

- When you illustrate or
(amount
Qualitative data- all data that is expressed by

quality, characteristics, class or category.
b. Inferential Statistics- uses a random

sample of data taken from a population to
describe and make conclusions about it.
- When we attempt, test
Primary and Secondary Data

Primary Data- original or direct source
Secondary Data- taken from secondary source
or predict about the group we havent

examined directly.
Types of Data (Levels of Measurement)

-methods
for
1. Nominal level- known as categorical or
drawing and measuring the reliability of
qualitative
conclusions about population.
-characterized by data
Sample and Population

Population- complete and entire collection of
elements to be studied [ N ]
Sample- subset of population.
'
that
consist of names, labels
or
categories only.
(e.g.
Sex and
Area Codes)
2. Ordinal level- data that maybe arranged in
some order but differences
between data
values
either
cannot
be
Slovi n s Formula :
determined or meaningless. (e.g. grade level
N
1+ Ne2
and
grading system involving letters)
3. Interval level- help determine meaningful
amounts of differences between

e=margin of error|5 0.05|
data and there is no absolute

zero
degrees)
value
(e.g.
4. Ratio level- zero is an absolute value/ true zero

exists.
e. Multi-staged Random Sampling- using

more than one sampling.
2. Non- Probability Sampling- the sampling is not
Methods of Data Collection
a proportion of the population.
1. Direct method- known as interview method.

-there is the personal presence
of
Types of Non Probability Sampling

a. Quota Sampling- specified number of
interviewer and interviewer.

-most
expensive
way
persons of certain types

b. Convenience Sampling- picking out
of
collecting data
2. Indirect method- known as questionnaire
people in the most convenient and

fastest way to get reactions immediately.
c. Purposive Sampling- based on certain
method.
-most wide used/ cheapest/ can cover
criteria lay down by the researcher.
wide area
3. Registration method- known as documentary
analysis
4. Observation method- can be done if the first
method is not applicable
5. Experimental method- based in facts and
evidences. -to see the cause and effects
Sampling Techniques
1. Probability Sampling- all sample is equally
Presentation of Data
1. Textual Presentation- combines text and figures
in a statistical report.
2. Tabular Presentation- statistical tables present
numerical data in a systematic way
3. Graphical Presentation
a. Bar Graph- x/y coordinate system
b. Pie Graph
c. Pictograph- by pictures or symbols
have a chance to be selected

(sample is
a proportion of the population)
Types of Probability Sampling
a. Simple Random Sampling- everyone in
the population has an equal
chance of being selected.
-Known as lottery sampling
b. Systematic Sampling- every nth name in
the list may be selected.
c. Stratified Sampling- Population is
grouped into more or less
homogeneous classes.
d. Cluster Sampling- grouped into
heterogeneous classes
(Area
Sampling)
Frequency Distribution- arrangement of data into

mutually
showing its
exclusive
frequency
category
in
tabular
form.
Variable- quantity varies from one observation
Constant- quantity does not vary under a given condition
Lower Class Limit- smallest data belongs to the interval
Upper Class Limit- largest value belong to the interval
Class Width- difference between the upper class limit
and lower class limit
Range- difference between highest score and lowest
score
Midpoint- halfway between the class limits
Array- arrangement of data according to magnitude

Branches of Statistics Quantitative and Qualitative Data

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Branches of Statistics Quantitative and Qualitative Data

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Statistics- Practice of collecting, analyzing and

Parameter- unknown numerical measurement describing

the characteristics of a population

-Everything that deals even remotely with

Statistic- known numerical measurement describing the

of data belongs to the domain of statistics.

Quantitative and Qualitative Data

Quantitative data- all data that is expressed by

a. Descriptive Statistics- provides concise

summarize data we already have.

describes the data in some manner.

Qualitative data- all data that is expressed by

b. Inferential Statistics- uses a random

Primary and Secondary Data

or predict about the group we havent

Types of Data (Levels of Measurement)

1. Nominal level- known as categorical or

drawing and measuring the reliability of

conclusions about population.

Sample and Population

consist of names, labels

determined or meaningless. (e.g. grade level

amounts of differences between

data and there is no absolute

4. Ratio level- zero is an absolute value/ true zero

e. Multi-staged Random Sampling- using

Methods of Data Collection

a proportion of the population.

1. Direct method- known as interview method.

Types of Non Probability Sampling

interviewer and interviewer.

persons of certain types

people in the most convenient and

criteria lay down by the researcher.

have a chance to be selected

Frequency Distribution- arrangement of data into

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