Me6604 Gas Dynamics and Jet Propulsion

ME6604 GAS DYNAMICS AND JET PROPULSION
ANNA UNIVERSITY STUDY MATERIALS 2016
2. FLOW THROUGH CONSTANT AREA DUCT

Part B (16 Marks)
1. Air having Mach number 3 with total temperature 295 C and
static pressure 0.5 bar flows through a constant are duct
adiabatically to another section where the mach number is
1.5. Determine the amount of heat transfer and the change in
stagnation pressure (AU: May 2004)
2. Air flow through a constant area duct with inlet temperature

of 20C and inlet Mach number of 0.5. What is the possible exit
stagnation temperature? It is desired to transfer heat such that
at exit of the duct the stagnation temperature is 1180 K. For this
condition what must be the limiting inlet Mach number? Neglect
friction. (AU: Dec 2004)
3. Air enters a combustion chamber with certain Mach number.

Sufficient heat is added to obtain a stagnation temperature ratio
of 3 and a final Mach number of 0.8. Determine the Mach
number at entry and the percentage loss in static pressure. Take
= 1.4 and Cp = 1.005 KJ/Kg K. (AU: Dec 2005)

4. A circular duct passes 8.25 kg/s of air at an exit Mach number

of 0.5. The entry pressure and temperature is 3.45 bar and 38 C
respectively and the coefficient of friction is 0.005. If the Mach
number at entry is 0.15, determine the diameter of the duct,
length of the duct, pressure and temperature at the exit, and
stagnation pressure loss.(AU: May 2012, May 2010, May 2009,
Dec 2007)
5. The mach number at inlet and exit for a Rayleigh flow are 3
and 1.5 respectively. At inlet static pressure is 50 kPa and
stagnation temperature is 295 K. Consider the fluid is air. Find
i) the static pressure, temperature and velocity at exit, ii)
stagnation pressure at inlet and exit, iii) heat transferred, iv)
maximum possible heat transfer, v) change in entropy between
the two sections, vi) is it a cooling or heating process?
(AU: May 2012)
6. Air at Po = 10 bar, To = 400 K is supplied to a 50 mm

diameter pipe. The friction factor for the pipe surface is 0.002. If
the Mach number changes from 3.0 at the entry to 1.0 at the
exit determine i) the length of the pipe and ii) the mass flow rate.
(AU: May 2011)

7. A combustion chamber in a gas turbine plant receives air at

350 k, 0.55 bar and 75m/s. The air fuel ratio is 29 and the
calorific value of the fuel is 41.87MJ/Kg. Taking = 1.4 and
R= 0.287 KJ/Kg K for the gas determine: I) the initial and final
mach numbers ii) final pressure, temperature and velocity of the
gas. Iii) Percent stagnation pressure loss in the
combustion chamber and iv) the maximum stagnation
temperature attainable.(AU: May 2011, Dec 2007)
8. The stagnation temperature of air in a combustion chamber is

increased to 3.5 times its initial value. If the air at entry is at 5
bar, 105 C and a mach number of 0.25 determine: i) the
Mach number, pressure and temperature at exit. ii) Stagnation
pressure loss and iii) the heat supplied per kg of air.
(AU: May 2010, May 2008)
9. Air enters a constant area duct at M1 = 3, P1 = 1 atm and T1 =

300 K. inside the duct the heat added per unit mass is q = 3
105 J/Kg. Calculate the flow properties M2, P2, T2, 2, To2
and Po2 at the exit. (AU: Dec 2009)

10. Air at an inlet temperature of 60 C flows with subsonic

velocity through an insulated pipe having inside diameter of 50
mm and a length of 5 m. The pressure at the exit of the pipe
is 101 kPa and the flow is choked at the end of the pipe. If the
friction factor 4f = 0.005. Determine the inlet Mach number, the
mass flow rate and the exit temperature.(AU: Dec 2009)
11. Air flows with negligible friction in a constant are duct. At

section one, the flow properties are T1 = 60.4 C, P1 = 135 kPa
absolute and velocity 732 m/s. Heat is added to the
flow between section one and section two, where the mach
number is 1.2. Determine the flow properties at section two, the
heat transfer per unit mass and the entropy change. (AU: May
2009)
12. A long pipe of 0.0254 m diameter has a mean coefficient of

friction of 0.003. Air enters the pipe at a Mach number of 2.5,
stagnation temperature 310 K and static pressure 0.507
bar. Determine for a section at which the mach number reaches
1.2: i) Static pressure and temperature, ii) Stagnation pressure
and temperature, iii) Velocity of air, iv) Distance of this section
from the inlet and v) mass flow rate of air.(AU: Dec 2008, May
2008)

13. The Mach number at the exit of a combustion chamber is

0.9. The ratio of stagnation temperatures at exit and entry is
3.74. If the pressure and temperature of the gas at exit are
2.5 bar and 1273 K respectively, determine: i) Mach number,
pressure and temperature of the gas at entry ii) the heat supplied
per Kg of the gas and iii) the maximum heat that can be
supplied.(AU: Dec 2008)
1. BASIC CONCEPT AND ISENTROPIC FLOW

Part B (16 Marks)
1. Air is discharged from a reservoir at p o = 6.91 bar and To =
325 C through a nozzle to an exit pressure of 0.98 bar. If the
flow rate is 3600 Kg/hr, determine throat area, pressure
and velocity at the throat, exit area, exit Mach number and
maximum velocity. Consider flow is isentropic. (AU: May 2012,
Dec 2009, May 2008)
2. A supersonic diffuser diffuses air in an isentropic flow from a

mach number of 3 to a mach number of 1.5. The static
conditions of air at inlet are 70 kpa and -7 C. If the mass flow
rate of air is 125 kg/s, determine the stagnation conditions, areas
at throat and exit, static conditions (pressure, temperature,
velocity) of air at exit.(AU: May 2012)

3. A supersonic nozzle expands air from Po = 25 bar and T0 =

1050 K to an exit pressure of 4.35 bar: the exit are of the nozzle
is 100 cm2. Determine i) throat area ii) pressure and temperature
at the throat iii) temperature at exit iv) Exit velocity as fraction
of the maximum attainable velocity v) mass flow rate.
(AU: May 2011, May 2010)
4. A conical diffuser has entry and exit diameters of 15 cm and

30 cm respectively. The pressure, temperature and velocity of air
at entry are 0.69 bar, 340 K and 180 m/s respectively. Determine
i) exit pressure ii) the exit velocity and iii) the force exerted on
the diffuser walls assume isentropic flow, =1.4, Cp = 1.00 J/Kg
K(AU: May 2011, May 2010, May 2009 Dec 2008, Dec 2007)
5. The pressure, temperature and Mach number at the entry of a

flow passage are 2.45 bar, 26.5 C and 1.4 respectively. If the exit
Mach number is 2.5, determine for adiabatic flow of a perfect
gas ( = 1.3, R = 0.469 kJ/Kg K). I) Stagnation temperature. ii)
Temperature and velocity of gas at exit. Iii) The flow rate per
square metre of the inlet cross-section. (AU: May 2010, May
2008)

6.Air ( = 1.4, R = 287.43 J/Kg K) enters a straight axis

symmetric duct at 300 K, 3.45 bar and 150 m/s and leaves it at
277 k, 2.058 bar and 260 m/s. The area of cross-section at entry
is 500cm2. Assuming adiabatic flow determine i) Stagnation
temperature ii) maximum velocity iii) Mass flow rate iv) Area of
cross section at exit. (AU: May 2010, May 2008)
7. In an isentropic flow diffuser the inlet area is 0.15 m2. At the

inlet velocity 240m/s, static temperature = 300 k and static
pressure 0.7 bar. Air leaves he diffuser with a velocity of
120 m/s. Calculate at the exit the mass flow rate, stagnation
pressure, stagnation temperature, area and entropy change across
the diffuser. (AU: Dec 2009)
8. Air is drawn isentropically from a standard atmosphere at sea

level (101.3 KPa and 15 C) through a converging diverging
nozzle. The static pressure at two different locations at 80 KPa
and 40 KPa respectively. Determine the Mach number at each of
these locations. Also determine the velocity at each of these
locations.(AU: May 2009)

9. Air (Cp = 1.05 KJ/Kg-K, = 1.38) at P1 = 3 105 N/m2 and

T1 = 500 k flows with a velocity of 200 m/s in a 0.3 m diameter
duct. Calculate: Mass flow rate, Stagnation temperature,
Mach number and stagnation pressure values assuming the flow
as compressible and incompressible respectively.(AU: Dec
2008, Dec 2007)
10.Air flowing in a duct has a velocity of 300 m/s, pressure 1.0

bar and temperature 290 k. Taking = 1.4 and R = 287 J/Kg K.
Determine: i) Stagnation pressure and temperature. ii) Velocity
of sound in the dynamic and stagnation conditions. iii)
Stagnation pressure assuming constant density.(AU: May 2008,
Dec 2007)
11. What is the effect of Mach number on compressibility?

Prove for =1.4, Po P / P c = 1 + M + 1/40 M 4 + .
(AU: May 2009, Dec 2007, and Dec 2006, MAY 2013,)
12. Derive area ratio as a function of Mach number for one

dimensional isentropic flow (AU: Dec 2008)

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ME6604 GAS DYNAMICS AND JET PROPULSION

ANNA UNIVERSITY STUDY MATERIALS 2016

2. FLOW THROUGH CONSTANT AREA DUCT

2. Air flow through a constant area duct with inlet temperature

3. Air enters a combustion chamber with certain Mach number.