Parametric Models For Regression

10/22/2016
ParametricModelsforRegression|Coursera
Parametric Models for Regression
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1.
A manufacturer has developed a specialized metal alloy for use in jet
engines. In its pure form, the alloy starts to soften at 1500 F. However,
small amounts of impurities in production cause the actual temperature
at which the alloy starts to lose strength to vary around that mean, in a
Gaussian distribution with standard deviation = 10.5 degrees F.
If the manufacturer wants to ensure that no more than 1 in 10,000
of its commercial products will suer from softening, what should it
set as the maximum temperature to which the alloy can be
exposed?
Hint: Refer to the Excel NormSFunctions Spreadsheet.
ExcelNormSFunctionsSpreadsheet.xlsx
39.0497 F
1496.281
1460.9503 F
Correct Response
The manufacturer needs to nd the z-score on

https://www.coursera.org/learn/analyticsexcel/exam/c4Qel/parametricmodelsforregression
the Gaussian
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The manufacturer needs to nd the z-score on the Gaussian

distribution such that .0001 of the probability will be to the left of
that temperature, and .9999 to the right. Using Excel NormSInv,
the z-score for .0001 is z = -3.7190.
The maximum temperature that achieves the desired reliability is
= mean ((z-score)*(standard deviation) )
= 1500 (3.7190*10.5)
= 1460.9503 F
1539.0497
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points
2.
A carefully machined wire comes o an assembly line within a certain

tolerance. Its diameter is 100 microns, and all the wires produced have a
uniform distribution of error, between -11 microns and +29 microns.
A testing machine repeatedly draws samples of 180 wires and
measures the sample mean. What is the distribution of sample
means?
Hint: Use the CLT and Excel Rand() Spreadsheet.
CLTandExcelRand.xlsx
A Gaussian Distribution that, in Phi notation, is written (109,

.7407).
A Gaussian distribution that, in Phi notation, is written, (109,
133.33).
Incorrect Response
133.33 is the variance of the uniform distribution of wire

diameters, not the variance of sample means. Although the
probability distribution of wire diameters is Uniform, the Central
Limit Theorem explains that the distribution of sample means is a
Gaussian. Remember that in "PHI" notation the second number is
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Gaussian. Remember that in "PHI" notation the second number is

the variance (standard deviation squared) not the standard
deviation.
A Uniform Distribution with mean = 109 microns and standard

deviation = .8607 microns.
A Uniform Distribution with mean = 109 microns and standard
deviation = 11.54 microns.
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3.
A population of people su ering from Tachycardia (occasional rapid heart
rate), agrees to test a new medicine that is supposed to lower heart rate.
In the population being studied, before taking any medicine the mean
heart rate was 120 beats per minute, with standard deviation = 15 beats
per minute.
After being given the medicine, a sample of 45 people had an
average heart rate of 112 beats per minute. What is the probability
that this much variation from the mean could have occurred by
chance alone?
Hint: Use the Typical Problem with NormSDist Spreadsheet.
TypicalProblem_NormSDist.xlsx
99.9827%
1.73%
.0173%
Correct Response
The distribution of sample means has an expected mean of 120

and standard deviation of 15/sqrt(45) = 2.236. The z-score of the
sample average of 112 is (112-120)/2.236 = -3.577. A z-Score this
small or smaller has a probability of occurring by chance of only
( 1 NormSDist(3.577)) = .0173% .
29.690%
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29.690%
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points
4.
Two stocks have the following expected annual returns:
Oil stock expected return = 9% with standard deviation = 13%
IT stock expected return = 14% with standard deviation = 25%
The Stocks prices have a small negative correlation: R = -.22.
What is the Covariance of the two stocks?
Hint: Use the Algebra with Gaussians Spreadsheet.
AlgebrawithGaussians.xlsx
-.00573
-.00219
-.00715
-.0286
Incorrect Response
Covariance is de ned as R*Std.Dev(1)*Std.Dev(2).
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5.

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Assume return data for the two stocks is standardized so that each is
represented as having mean 0 and standard deviation 1. Oil is plotted
against IT on the (x,y) axis.
What is the covariance?
Hint: Use the Standardization Spreadsheet.
StandardizationSpreadsheet.xlsx
-.22
-.00573
Incorrect Response
See the Standardization Spreadsheet.
0
-1
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6.

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What is the standard deviation of a portfolio consisting of 70% Oil
and 30% IT?
Hint: Use either the Algebra with Gaussians or the Markowitz Portfolio
Optimization Spreadsheet.
AlgebrawithGaussians.xlsx
MarkowitzPortfolioOptimization.xlsx
10.44%
12.68%
11.79%
Incorrect Response
Use the Markowitz Portfolio Optimization Spreadsheet. Enter Oil

Expected return in Cell C6, Oil standard deviation in cell C7, IT
expected return in Cell D6, IT standard deviation in Cell D7, Oil
weighting in Cell C9 and IT weighting in Cell D9. Results in Cell
E12.
17.93%
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7.

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Use MS Solver and the Markowitz Portfolio Optimization Spreadsheet to
Find the weighted portfolio of the two stocks with lowest volatility.
SolverAddIn.xlsx
MarkowitzPortfolioOptimization.xlsx
What is the minimum volatility?
11.58%
10.43%
10.36%
9.5%
Incorrect Response
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points
8.
An automobile parts manufacturer uses a linear regression model to

forecast the dollar value of the next years orders from current customers
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as a function of a weighted sum of their past-years orders. The model
error is assumed Gaussian with standard deviation of $130,000.
To the nearest dollar, what is the range above and below each Point
Forecast required to have 90% condence that the dollar value of
next years orders will fall within that range?
Hint: you can answer this question by making small modi cations to the
Correlation and Model Error Spreadsheet.
CorrelationandModelError.xlsx
The 90% con dence interval is from $213,831 below to

$213,831 above the point forecast.
Correct Response
A 90% con dence interval means 5% above and 5% below the

interval. Using p = .95, Excel "Normsinv(.95)" = 1.64485. This is the
z-Score. Therefore the interval ranges from (1.64485)*(130,00) or
$213,831 below the point forecast, to (1.64485)*($130,000) =
$213,831 above the forecast.
The 90% con dence interval is from $83,831 below to $83,831

above the Point Forecast
$316,831 above the Point Forecast.
$164,831 above the Point Forecast.
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9.

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as a function of a weighted sum of their past-years orders. The model
error is assumed Gaussian with standard deviation of $130,000.
If the correlation is R = .33, and the point forecast orders $5.1
million, what is the probability that the customer will order more
than $5.3 million?
93.8%
4.3%
6.2%
Correct Response
Convert $5.3 million to a z-score. The z-Score is (5.3-5.1)/.13 =

(.2/.13) = 1.538.
Input the z-score in the Excel formula (1 - Normsdist(z)) to get the
probability of a score at least that high. The probability is 1- 93.8%
= 6.2%.
12.4%
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10.

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as a function of a weighted sum of that customers past-years orders. The
linear correlation is R = .33.
After standardizing the x and y data, what portion of the
uncertainty about a customers order size is eliminated by their
historical data combined with the model?
Hint: Use the Correlation and P.I.G. Spreadsheet.
CorrelationandP.I.G..xlsx
4.2%
3.5%
Incorrect Response
4.5%
5.2%
0/1
points
11.
Customers who use online chat support can rate the help they receive
from a customer support worker as a 0 (useless), a 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5
(excellent). The mean rating is 3.935, with standard deviation = 1.01.
A new support worker named Barbara has received, over her rst 100
chat sessions, an average rating of 3.7. Her boss calls her in and
threatens to re her if her performance does not improve.
Barbara replies Its just bad luck - Ive had more than my share of
unhappy customers today. Who is most likely right?
The boss
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Barbara
Incorrect Response
Barbaras performance has a Z score = (mean - actual) /standard

deviation of the sample means = (3.7 - 3.935) / (1.01/sqrt(100)) =
-2.327.
If Barbaras performance is due to chance, the probability of
observing a z-score as low, or lower, than -2.327 would be less
than 1%.
Note that due to the Central Limit Theorem, even though the raw
customer scores do not have a Gaussian distribution, the sample
means will have a Gaussian distribution, so that use of the
NormSDist function is appropriate. NormSDist(-2.327) = .0099898.
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12.
Your company currently has no way to predict how long visitors will
spend on the Companys web site. All it known is the average time spent
is 55 seconds, with an approximately Gaussian distribution and standard
deviation of 9 seconds. It would be possible, after investing some time
and money in analytics tools, to gather and analyzing information about
visitors and build a linear predictive model with a standard deviation of
model error of 4 seconds.
How much would the P.I. G. of that model be?
Hint: Use the Correlation and P.I.G. Spreadsheet
HowtousetheAUCcalculator.pdf
48.2%
61.5%
Incorrect Response
With no model, the correlation R = 0 and the model error is

equal to the standard deviation of Y = 9 seconds. Standardized,
the model error when R = 0 is equal to 1. Reducing the model
error to 4 seconds is equivalent to reducing the standardized
model error to 4/9 = .4444 Since Sqrt(1-R^2) = .4444, R^2 = 1.4444^2 = .8958.
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.4444^2 = .8958.
53.3%
57.2%
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10/22/2016

Review Related Lesson

The manufacturer needs to nd the z-score on

The manufacturer needs to nd the z-score on the Gaussian

A carefully machined wire comes o an assembly line within a certain

A Gaussian Distribution that, in Phi notation, is written (109,

133.33 is the variance of the uniform distribution of wire

Gaussian. Remember that in "PHI" notation the second number is

Gaussian. Remember that in "PHI" notation the second number is

A Uniform Distribution with mean = 109 microns and standard

The distribution of sample means has an expected mean of 120

Covariance is de ned as R*Std.Dev(1)*Std.Dev(2).

Two stocks have the following expected annual returns:

Two stocks have the following expected annual returns:

Oil stock expected return = 9% with standard deviation = 13%

See the Standardization Spreadsheet.

Two stocks have the following expected annual returns:

Oil stock expected return = 9% with standard deviation = 13%

Use the Markowitz Portfolio Optimization Spreadsheet. Enter Oil

Two stocks have the following expected annual returns:

Oil stock expected return = 9% with standard deviation = 13%

An automobile parts manufacturer uses a linear regression model to

The 90% con dence interval is from $213,831 below to

A 90% con dence interval means 5% above and 5% below the

The 90% con dence interval is from $83,831 below to $83,831

An automobile parts manufacturer uses a linear regression model to

Convert $5.3 million to a z-score. The z-Score is (5.3-5.1)/.13 =

An automobile parts manufacturer uses a linear regression model to

Barbaras performance has a Z score = (mean - actual) /standard

With no model, the correlation R = 0 and the model error is

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Covariance is de ned as RStd.Dev(1)Std.Dev(2).