Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 94 views

    Ammonium Sulphate

    Uploaded by

    MARIAM
    The document discusses extracting caprolactam from an aqueous ammonium sulfate solution using liquid-liquid extraction with benzene as the organic solvent. Liquid-liquid equilibrium data was measured for a water-caprolactam-benzene-ammonium sulfate system at 303K. Extraction was studied in a pulsed packed column, where flooding velocities and mass transfer were analyzed under various flow rates and pulsation intensities. An industrial column was successfully operated based on the laboratory studies.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Ammonium Sulphate

    Uploaded by

    MARIAM
    94 views2 pages
    The document discusses extracting caprolactam from an aqueous ammonium sulfate solution using liquid-liquid extraction with benzene as the organic solvent. Liquid-liquid equilibrium data was measured for a water-caprolactam-benzene-ammonium sulfate system at 303K. Extraction was studied in a pulsed packed column, where flooding velocities and mass transfer were analyzed under various flow rates and pulsation intensities. An industrial column was successfully operated based on the laboratory studies.

    Original Description:

    Extraction of caprolactam

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document discusses extracting caprolactam from an aqueous ammonium sulfate solution using liquid-liquid extraction with benzene as the organic solvent. Liquid-liquid equilibrium data was measured for a water-caprolactam-benzene-ammonium sulfate system at 303K. Extraction was studied in a pulsed packed column, where flooding velocities and mass transfer were analyzed under various flow rates and pulsation intensities. An industrial column was successfully operated based on the laboratory studies.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    94 views2 pages

    Ammonium Sulphate

    Uploaded by

    MARIAM
    The document discusses extracting caprolactam from an aqueous ammonium sulfate solution using liquid-liquid extraction with benzene as the organic solvent. Liquid-liquid equilibrium data was measured for a water-caprolactam-benzene-ammonium sulfate system at 303K. Extraction was studied in a pulsed packed column, where flooding velocities and mass transfer were analyzed under various flow rates and pulsation intensities. An industrial column was successfully operated based on the laboratory studies.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 2

    Liquid-lquid equilbrium(LLE)data of water-caprolactam-benzene-(NH4)2SO4 system

    at 303K were measured for extraction of caprolactam from aqueous ammonium


    sulfate solution.The influence of fluid flow rate,pulsation intensity on flooding
    velocity and mass transfer was studied for extraction of caprolactam from
    ammonium sulfate solution in a laboratory pulsed packed column.The flooding
    velocities and overall apparent heght of a transfer unit were given under various
    operation conditions.An industrial column developed based on above study is
    operated well.The scale-up effect is discussed.

    In a process for continuously extracting caprolactam from an aqueous solution,


    containing caprolactam and its oligomers, with organic solvents, by introducing the
    aqueous solution into the upper part of an extraction zone and organic solvents into
    the lower part, and taking off a solution of caprolactam in organic solvents at the
    upper end and an aqueous phase containing caprolactam oligomers at the lower
    end, the improvement that liquid aromatic hydrocarbons are used and the
    extraction is carried out at a pH of from 2.0 to 6.0. The aqueous solution would be
    ammonium sulfate solution and the organic solvent is benzene.
    The preparation of caprolactam by a Beckmann rearrangement gives a crude
    lactam which is purified by extraction with benzene. The resulting benzene/lactam
    phase is worked up to give caprolactam. A brown solution, containing ammonium
    sulfate, impurities and a small amount of caprolactam, is obtained as the aqueous
    phase.

    About Caprolactam
    Caprolactam is an organic compound which is a lactam of 6-aminohexanoic acid (eaminohexanoic acid, aminocaproic acid).
    Caprolactam is produced as clear liquid form and as a crystalline form.
    Caprolactam occurs as white, hygroscopic flakes or crystals with a distinctive odour.
    Caprolactam is soluble in water, cyclohexane, chlorinated hydrocarbons.

    Benzene and Aromatic Solvents

    Aromatic compounds such as benzene, toluene and xylene have quadrapole


    moments that
    tend to have attractive forces on the amide group of caprolactam. These solvents
    have
    reasonable capacities for caprolactam solubility with benzene having the higher
    capacity and
    xylene having the lower capacity. The methyl groups on the aromatic ring are
    activating electron donating substituents that produce a permanent dipole moment
    in the molecule however these groups reduce packing capabilities due to steric
    hindrance. Less ability for the molecules to pack more closely reduces the
    intermolecular forces. The partition coefficient of caprolactam dissolved in the
    aqueous phase versus caprolactam dissolved in the organic phase also follows the
    same pattern with benzene having the largest partition coefficient and xylene
    having the lowest. Nitrobenzene has an electron withdrawing group which is a
    zwitterion that has more attractive forces with caprolactam in comparison to
    toluene and xylene, however the functional group also reduces packing abilities;
    therefore toluene and xylene do not have the caprolactam solubility capacity of
    benzene.

    You might also like