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    R84 p14 CRS Seakeeping

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    Ana T
    1) Over the past decades, ship scantlings have reduced by half but loading and strength issues remain important, requiring increased knowledge of minimum needed scantlings. 2) The CRS community has developed tools like PRECAL, a 3D panel method used to calculate ship seakeeping behavior, motions, loads, and resistance in waves, and PRETTI, a time-domain program incorporating nonlinear effects. 3) Recent projects have included validating PRECAL using model tests on a container ship in oblique waves, developing methods to predict slamming loads, and coupling hydrodynamic and structural models to efficiently calculate load cases for fatigue analysis.

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    R84 p14 CRS Seakeeping

    Uploaded by

    Ana T
    95 views2 pages
    1) Over the past decades, ship scantlings have reduced by half but loading and strength issues remain important, requiring increased knowledge of minimum needed scantlings. 2) The CRS community has developed tools like PRECAL, a 3D panel method used to calculate ship seakeeping behavior, motions, loads, and resistance in waves, and PRETTI, a time-domain program incorporating nonlinear effects. 3) Recent projects have included validating PRECAL using model tests on a container ship in oblique waves, developing methods to predict slamming loads, and coupling hydrodynamic and structural models to efficiently calculate load cases for fatigue analysis.

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    Seakeeping studies MARIN

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    1) Over the past decades, ship scantlings have reduced by half but loading and strength issues remain important, requiring increased knowledge of minimum needed scantlings. 2) The CRS community has developed tools like PRECAL, a 3D panel method used to calculate ship seakeeping behavior, motions, loads, and resistance in waves, and PRETTI, a time-domain program incorporating nonlinear effects. 3) Recent projects have included validating PRECAL using model tests on a container ship in oblique waves, developing methods to predict slamming loads, and coupling hydrodynamic and structural models to efficiently calculate load cases for fatigue analysis.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    95 views2 pages

    R84 p14 CRS Seakeeping

    Uploaded by

    Ana T
    1) Over the past decades, ship scantlings have reduced by half but loading and strength issues remain important, requiring increased knowledge of minimum needed scantlings. 2) The CRS community has developed tools like PRECAL, a 3D panel method used to calculate ship seakeeping behavior, motions, loads, and resistance in waves, and PRETTI, a time-domain program incorporating nonlinear effects. 3) Recent projects have included validating PRECAL using model tests on a container ship in oblique waves, developing methods to predict slamming loads, and coupling hydrodynamic and structural models to efficiently calculate load cases for fatigue analysis.

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    of 2

    Marnix Krikke & Eelco Harmsen, RNLN

    Jan Blok & Geert Kapsenberg


    G.K.Kapsenberg@marin.nl

    Seakeeping studies throu


    Throughout its existence the CRS community has
    devoted considerable attention to the effects of waves
    on the ship. Report touches on some of the most
    significant developments.
    ver the past decades the scantlings of ships have seen a gradual
    reduction, to the extent that the shell plating of present day
    cruise liners is about half of what it was on passenger ships
    some 50 years ago. Reduction on this scale needs to be in step with
    increased knowledge about what minimum scantlings are really needed.

    Research on ships in waves only started in earnest in the 1950s and


    although a good deal of knowledge has been acquired in this field, ships
    have grown in size and have changed in hull form too. Therefore, loading
    and strength issues remain as important as ever. Here, a few of the latest
    CRS developments are outlined.

    Motions and global hull girder loads: PRECAL

    Tools employed over the years have seen


    considerable development. Strip theory has been
    the mainstay of seakeeping analysis since the early
    1970s. Mid-way through the 70s, 3-D linear panel
    methods were developed but it is only recently that
    these methods can be used in the early design stage,
    thanks to the powerful PCs of today. The CRS
    community has decided to implement such a panel
    method. The resulting program, PRECAL
    (Pressure Calculation), is now a tool that is used to
    calculate the seakeeping behaviour of monohulls,
    catamarans and trimarans. Next to the rigid body
    motions, it can also calculate the deformation
    modes of the ships girder, internal loads, pressures
    on the hull panels and the added resistance in
    waves. These pressures are used as input for
    a structural FE analysis. This program has been
    validated against model tests for many different
    ships and is now being used by most CRS members.
    Time-domain simulations: PRETTI

    Output from PRECAL and input to the FE analysis:


    combined sagging and torsional deformation of a large Navy ship.

    14

    The time domain program, PRETTI currently


    under development will increase the capabilities
    of the linear program PRECAL, by introducing
    non-linear effects created by the shape of the bow
    and stern. This plays an important role in large
    waves and/or at large motions. The program will
    be used to study roll motions in stern quartering
    seas, including the effect of the manoeuvring
    characteristics and control surfaces, like fins. Also
    special phenomena such as parametric roll can be
    studied using PRETTI.

    02-4434

    ughout the decades

    Model tests with a segmented ferry


    using a flexible backbone.Results were
    used for the validation of PRETTI.

    Transverse loading of the hull girder

    The objective of this project was to create a


    database of experimental results of motions,
    internal loads, relative motions and local pressures,
    for a large container ship, in oblique waves. Tests
    were carried out at two speeds and for five wave
    directions. Results were compared to predictions
    made by the linear program, PRECAL. This
    analysis showed the reliability of PRECAL for
    predictions in the linear regime.
    Impulsive loads: Slamming

    The SLAM working group was tasked to develop


    methods for predicting slamming loads on ships.
    The group implemented a 2D BEM (boundary
    element method) and a momentum theory method
    and compared these predictions to results of
    model tests. The 2D-BEM program gave good
    results for drop tests with a ship section.
    Comparing the results to impacts against a ships
    bow showed the weakness of the 2D approach;
    predictions are only possible in head seas and the
    results show the right order of magnitude in the
    best case. It was concluded that additional research
    is still needed for real case predictions. A proposal
    is being written to continue the research.

    domain program, PRECAL and in the time domain program, PRETTI.


    The impulsive loads on the bow are calculated using the approximate
    method developed by the SLAM working group. The new software was
    compared against results of experiments with a model equipped with a
    flexible backbone. The ultimate goal is to determine the whipping response
    of a ship on an impulsive load at the bow or stern.
    Coupling of hydrodynamic and structural models

    The coupling of the hydrodynamic and the structural model has been an
    objective of the PRECAL development from the start. A special tool was
    developed to transfer the pressures from the course hydrodynamic mesh,
    to the much finer structural model. In this way, a small number of selected
    conditions were chosen to calculate the pressure distribution and the
    structural loads. The STRUC working group is now working on a special
    post-processor to efficiently calculate many different load cases for a
    fatigue analysis of the structure.
    The developments outlined in this article illustrate the progress in
    seakeeping research. Today many questions can be answered and alternative
    design solutions can be studied, which was unthinkable in the past.
    Many of the current studies have been instrumental in the design of
    modern ships. This testifies to the importance of the research carried out
    by CRS.
    Result of the PRECAL post-processor:operability
    analysis for helicopter launch and recovery onboard
    a frigate.The figure shows the relevant motion in
    colors as a function of heading and ship speed.

    Elastic deformation of the hull girder

    Normally, the theory concerning ship motions in


    waves considers the ship as a rigid body. This
    project extended the theory by adding the elastic
    deformations of the ships hull to the equations of
    motion. This was incorporated in the frequency

    15

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