ICB2017 Conference Proceedings

Handbook and
Proceedings of
The 6th International Conference on
Biorefinery (ICB 2017)
January 18-21, 2017

Christchurch
New Zealand
The 6th International Conference on

Biorefinery (ICB 2017)
January 18-21, 2017

Christchurch
New Zealand
Sponsored by
International Biorefinery Society (IBS)
Co-hosted by
The University of Canterbury, New Zealand
Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT), China
University of Ottawa (UOO), Canada
Contents
Welcome Address ........................................................... 1
ICB2017 Committee ........................................................ 2
Routes and Maps ............................................................ 5
Conference Venue ........................................................... 6
Conference Agenda ........................................................ 9
Conference Programme ............................................... 10
List of Posters ............................................................... 19
Abstracts of Plenary Lectures ..................................... 23
Abstracts of Oral Presentations .................................. 31
Welcome Address
Dear colleagues,
On behalf of the organising committee, we warmly welcome you to the 6th
International Conference on Biorefinery (ICB2017), 18-21, January, 2017, in
Christchurch, New Zealand. This follows success of previous five conferences
which were held, respectively, in China, Europe and North America.
Biorefinery is conversion of biomass and green wastes to valuable products
including heat, power, liquid and gaseous fuels, and chemicals. This
conference provides a platform for international researchers, investors, and
decision makers to meet and exchange the latest research and development in
this field. There is also an industry workshop for the attendees to share
successful stories in commercialisation of new biorefinery technologies. The
technical details of the conference can be found in the call for papers.
Christchurch is well-known as a garden city in the garden country of New
Zealand. There are numerous scenery sites around this city you will certainly
enjoy visiting either before or after the conference. The venue, the hotel
Chateau on the Park, is carefully selected which is located near the beautiful
Hagley Park and the botanic garden. It takes 15 minutes to walk to the shopping
mall and 30 minutes to the University of Canterbury. January is the local
summer season and the best time to visit.
We are looking forward to welcoming you at ICB2017!
Professor Shusheng Pang, University of Canterbury, New Zealand

Professor Tianwei Tan, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, China
Professor Zisheng Zhang, University of Ottawa, Canada
ICB2017 Committee
Conference Chairmen
Shusheng Pang University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
Tianwei Tan Beijing University of Chemical Technologies, Beijing, China
Jason Zhang University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
Advisory Committee
Bandaru V. Ramarao State University of New York ESF, Syracuse, USA
Dongke Zhang University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
Emiel J.M. Hensen Eindhoven University of Technology, Netherlands
Foster Agblevor Utah State University, USA
George Hooper Maidstone Engineering Consultant, New Zealand
Jack Saddler University of British Columbia, Canada
Jens Nielsen Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
Marc Dube University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
Martin A. Hubbe North Carolina State University, USA
Martin Mittelbach Graiz University, Austria
Murray Moo-Young University of Waterloo, Canada
Peter Gostomski University of Canterbury, New Zealand
Pingkai Ouyang Nanjing University of Technology, China
Rafael Luque Universidad de Cordoba, Spain
Richard Parnas University of Connecticut, USA
Rolf D. Schmid University of Stuttgart, Germany
Takashi Watanabe Kyoto University, Japan
Thomas E. Amidon State University of New York ESF, USA
Xianghong Cao China Petrochemical Corporation, China
Xiaotao Bi University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
Scientific Committee
Ajay Dalai University of Saskatchewan, Canada
Alex Yip University of Canterbury, New Zealand
An-Ping Zeng - Hamburg University of TechnologyGermany
Arturo Macchi University of Ottawa, Canada
Bin Liang Sichuan University, China
Brendon Miller Jembec Consultant, Christchurch, New Zealand
Brian Cox Bioenergy Association New Zealand (BANZ), New Zealand
Charles Xu University of Western Ontario, Ontario, Canada
Chihwa Wang National University of Singapore, Singapore
Franco Berruti Western University, Canada
Gang Li Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
Guangwen Xu Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, China
Hanping Chen Huazhong University of Science & Technology, China
Hao Ying Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, China Academy
of Forestry, Nanjing, China
Jamal Chaouki Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal, Canada
Jan Baeyens University of Warwick, UK
Jan Christer Janson Uppsala University, Sweden
Jianchun Jiang Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, China
Academy of Forestry, Nanjing, China
Jianlong Li Qingdao University of Science and Technology, China
John R. Grace University of British Columbia
Junyong Zhu Forest Products Lab, USA
Kecheng Li University of New Brunswick, Canada
Kirk Torr Scion Research, Rotorua, New Zealand
Kurt Wagemann DECHEMA e. V., Germany
Lixin Huang Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, China
Academy of Forestry, Nanjing, China
Longlong Ma Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
3
Lu Lin Xiamen University, China

Margaret L Britz Queensland University of Technology, Australia
Michael K. Danquah Curtin University Sarawak, Malaysia
Mo Xian Qingdao Institute of Biomass Energy and Biomaterials, China
Academy of Science, Qingdao, China
Mohammed Farid University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
Murray McCurdy CRL Energy Ltd., Lower Hutt, Wellington, New Zealand
Nirmal Joshee Fort Valley State University, USA
Noritatsu Tsubaki Toyama University, Japan
Robert Legros Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal, Canada
Rui Xiao Southeast University, China
Ruihong Zhang University of California, Davis, USA
Ruiqin Zhang Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
Runchang Sun Beijing Forestry University, China
Sai Gu Cranfield University, UK
Shangtian Yang Ohio State University, USA
Shijie Liu State University of New York ESF, USA
Shri Ramaswamy University of Minnesota, USA
Shulin Chen Washington State University, USA
Tana Levi CRL Energy Ltd., Lower Hutt, Wellington, New Zealand
Wim Soetaert Ghent University, Belgium
Xingang Li Tianjin University, China
Xuebing Xu Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
Yanhe Ma Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Yifan Han Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
Yinbo Qu Shandong University, China
Yoon Mo Koo Inha University, Korea
Yusuf Chisti Massey University, New Zealand
Zhifa Sun University of Otago, New Zealand
Zhuan Cao Tsinghua University, China
Organizing Committee
Chairman:
Shusheng Pang University of Canterbury, New Zealand
Members:
Aaron Marshall University of Canterbury, New Zealand
Gabriel Visnovsky University of Canterbury, New Zealand
Guangqing Liu Beijing University of Chemical Technologies, China
Jason Zhang University of Ottawa, Canada
Matt Watson University of Canterbury, New Zealand
Poupak Mehrani University of Ottawa, Canada
Shijie Liu State University of New York ESF, USA
Xu Zhang Beijing University of Chemical Technologies, China
Yip Alex University of Canterbury, New Zealand
Secretariats:
Bin Chao Beijing University of Chemical Technology, China
Cheng Li University of Canterbury, New Zealand
Fazly Abdul Patah University of Canterbury, New Zealand
Gaetano Dedual University of Canterbury, New Zealand
Liang Ma Beijing University of Chemical Technology, China
Simon Zhang University of Canterbury, New Zealand
Xin Xing University of Canterbury, New Zealand
Xinqiang Feng Beijing University of Chemical Technology, China
Yanjie Wang University of Canterbury, New Zealand
Routes and Map to the Conference Venue

Venue: The Chateau on The Park Hotel (address: 189 Deans Avenue,
Riccarton, Christchurch).
Transports by bus: There are two buses you can take from Christchurch
International Airport to the conference hotel. Buses start every 30 minutes.
a) Bus 29 (from airport to city centre), getting off the bus at the corner of
Fendalton Road and Deans Avenue then walking about 5 minutes to the
hotel (see the map below).
b) Bus Purple Line (from airport to Sumner), getting off the bus at the comer
of Riccarton Road and Deans Avenue, then walking about 5 minutes to the
conference hotel (see map below).
Transport by Shuttle: There are shuttle service (Super Shuttles) at the airport
outside the air airport exit.
Transport by Taxi: There are taxi outside the airport exit.
Fares for Transport

Buses: $NZ8.5 for a one-way bus ticket or $NZ15 for a return bus ticket (please
get coins ready for the bus tickets).
Super Shuttle: $NZ25 for one person.
Taxi: approximately $NZ50.
Conference Rooms and Hall

The Chateau on The Park Hotel
Conference Agenda
Wednesday, 18th of January, 2017
5:00 pm 8:00 pm (Corridor): Conference Registration
5:00 pm 8:00 pm (Camelot Room): Conference Welcoming
Reception
Thursday, 19th of January, 2017

8:00 am 12:00 pm (Corridor): Conference Registration
8:30 am 11:00 am (Great Hall): Conference opening ceremony,
Plenary presentations.
11:00 am 12:00 pm (Great Hall): Poster Session
1:20 pm 5:00 pm (Camelot Room, Tower Room): Conference
presentations
7:00 pm 11:00 pm (Great Hall): Conference Dinner
Friday, 20th of January, 2017

8:30 am 12:10 pm (Camelot Room, Tower Room): Conference
presentations
1:30 pm - 4:30 pm (Great Hall): Plenary presentations, conference
closing ceremony
Saturday, 21th of January, 2017

Visit the University of Canterbury
ICB2017 Programme
Thursday, 19 January
Opening Ceremony and Plenary Speeches (Great Hall)
Opening
Ceremony
(Chairman:
Shusheng
Pang)
Dr Rod Carr, Vice

Chancellor, University
of Canterbury, New
Zealand
8:309:00
Professor Jason
Zhang, University of
Ottawa, Canada
Chairman: Shusheng Pang
Plenary
Speech, PL1
9:009:40
Biofuels and Other

Products from Microalgae
Yusuf Chisti, Massey

University, New Zealand
Plenary
Speech, PL2
9:4010:20
The Energy-Environment
Enigma
Murray Moo-Young,
University of Waterloo,
Canada
10:2011:00
Bioeconomy, Biorefinery
and New Bioproduction
Systems For Chemicals
And Biofuels
An-Ping Zeng,
Universitat Hamburg,
Germany
Plenary
Speech, PL3
Poster Session and Tea Break 11:00-12:00

Lunch 12:00 1:20 pm
10
Parallel Session A: Conversion Technologies

(Camelot Room)
Co-chairs: Shijie Liu; Haruo Kawamoto
Keynote,
KA1
1:201:40
Development And Scale-Up Of A

Microchannel Fischer-Tropsch
Reactor For Biofuels Production
From Biomass Synthesis Gas
Keynote,
KA2
1:402:00
Study On The Synergetic Effects

In Corn Straw And Oil Sands CoPyrolysis
Xingang Li, Tianjin

University , China
2:002:15
Oxidative Entrained Flow

Gasification Of Biomass Pyrolysis
Oil At Low Temperatures: Gasifier
Development And Performance
Investigation
Muhamad Fazly Abdul

Patah, University of
Canterbury, New
Zealand
OA2
2:152:30
Investigation Of Coke Deposition

On Ni Based Zeolite Catalysts In
Bio-Oil Hydrodeoxygenation
Processing
Ruiqin Zhang,
University of
Zhengzhou, China
OA3
2:302:45
Experimental Evaluation Of Tar

Formation In Steam Gasification Of
Various Biomass Species In A
100kw Dual Fluidised Bed Gasifier
Ziyin Zhang, University

of Canterbury, New
Zealand
OA4
2:453:00
Two-Step Hydrolysis Of Corn Cob

As Treated By Semi-Flow HotCompressed Water
Masatsugu Takada,
Kyoto University,
Japan
3:003:15
Investigation Of Ammonia Removal

By Titanomagnetites From
Simulated Gas Of Biomass
Gasification
Yanjie Wang,
University of
Canterbury, New
Zealand
Oral
Presentation
OA1
OA5
Chris Williamson,
University of
Canterbury, New
Zealand
Tea Break 3:15 3:35

Co-chairs: Chris Williamson; Murray McCurdy
Keynotes,
KA3
3:353:55
Molecular Mechanisms In Lignin

Pyrolytic Conversion To
Aromatic Tar Components
Haruo Kawamoto,
Kyoto University,
Japan
Keynotes,
KA4
3:554:15
Production Of (2R, 3R)-2, 3Butanediol With Engineered

Pichia Pastoris, Strain
Zisheng Zhang,
University of Ottawa,
Canada
11
Development, Characterization,
and Fermentation
OA6
4:154:30
Jet Biofuel Production From Algal

Biodiesel And Algal Residue After
Transesterification
Jun Cheng, Zhejiang

University, China
OA7
4:304:45
Ethylene Production From

Dehydration Of Bioethanol Over
MFI Zeolite Nanosheets
Sirawit Shetsiri,
Vidyasirimedhi Institute
of Science, Thailand
OA8
4:455:00
Experimental Evaluation Of
Performance Of Bed Materials For
Steam Gasification Of Biomass In A
Dual Fluidised Bed Gasifier
Cheng Li, University of

Canterbury, New
Zealand
OA9
5:005:15
Using Sulfonated Graphene Oxide

To Convert Lipids From Wet
Microalgae Into Biodiesel
Yi Qiu, Zhejiang
University, China
OA10
5:155:30
The Effects Of Pretreatment On

The Products Of Fast Pyrolysis Of
Pine Wood
Xing Xin, University of

Canterbury, New
Zealand
5:305:45
Assessment Of Sulfide
Concentration Effects On The
Growth And Removal By Bacillus
Cerues (ATCC 14579) In Orbital
Shaker
Abd.Aziz Mohd
Azoddein, University
Malaysia Pahang,
Malaysia
5:456:00
The Effect Of Monoglyceride

Polymorphism On LowTemperature Properties Of
Biodiesel Fuel
Eiji Minami, Kyoto

University, Japan
OA11
OA12
Parallel Session B: Bio-based Materials and

Chemicals (Tower Room)
Co-chairs: Chris Williamson; George Hooper
Keynotes,
KB1
Keynotes,
KB2
1:201:40
5-HMF Production From

Industrial-Grade Sugars Derived
From Corn And Wood Using A
Biphasic Continuous-Flow
Tubular Reactor
Charles Xu, Western

University, Canada
1:402:00
Urban Wastewater Treatment

With Algae For Energy And
Nutrient Recovery
Nirmal Khandan,
New Mexico State
University, United
States
12
2:002:15
Production Of Acetonitrile Via

Thermo-Catalytic Conversion And
Ammonization Of Microalgae Over
Zeolites
Ying Zhang, University

of Science and
Technology of China,
China
OB2
2:152:30
Effect Of Nutritional And

Environmental Parameters On The
Vegetative Growth Of Alpine Strain
Of Haematococcus Pluvialis
Nilanjana Mazumdar,
University of
Canterbury, New
Zealand
OB3
2:302:45
High Performance Hybrid

Membranes For Separation Of CO2
From Biogas
Liang Ma, Beijing

University of Chemical
Technology, China
OB4
2:45-3:00
Prediction Of The Solidification

Temperature Of Biodiesel Model
Fuel Studied With The Solid-Liquid
Equilibrium
Shinichiro Yoshidomi,
Kyoto University,
Japan
OB5
3:003:15
Separation Of Binary Solution At

Different Concentration Of Feed
And Ratio Using Desal-5DK
Nanofiltration Membrane
Hafizuddin Wan
Yussof, Universiti
Malaysia Pahang,
Malaysia
Oral
Presentation,
OB1
Tea Break 3:15 3:35
Co-chairs: Charles Xu; Nirmal Khandan
Keynotes,
KB3
3:353:55
Production Of Aviation Biofuel

From Lignocellulosic Feedstock
By Aqueous-Phase Catalysis
Longlong Ma,
Guangzhou Institute
of Energy
Conversion, Chinese
Academy of
Sciences, China
Keynotes,
KB4
3:55 4:15
Technologies For Liquid Biofuels

And Biopolymers
Paul Bennett and

Florian Graichen,
Scion Research,
New Zealand
OB6
4:154:30
Mechanism Of Adsorption And

Desorption Of Cellulase'
Carbohydrate-Binding Modules And
Its Application
Xu Fang, Shandong
University, China
4:304:45
Experimental Research On WetPress Molding Features And

Microstructure Change Of Wheat
Straw
Lianjun Hu, Henan

Agricultural University,
China
OB7
13
4:455:00
Optimization Of Mechanical
Properties Of Silver Nanoparticles
(Agnps)-Loaded
Chitosan/Polylactic Acid (PLA)
Biofilms By Using Response
Surface Methodology (RSM)
Mazrul Nizam Abu

Seman, Universiti
Malaysia Pahang,
Malaysia
OB9
5:005:15
Highly Selective Production Of

Renewable P-Xylene From
Biomass Derived 2,5-Dimethylfuran
Over Sulfonyl Modified Aerosil
Xinqiang Feng, Beijing

Technology, China
OB10
5:155:30
Screening Of Biorefinery Options

For Forest And Wood Processing
Residues Using P-Graph
Martin Atkins,
University of Waikato,
New Zealand
OB11
5:305:45
Thermal Treatment Of Biomass

Using Cao/Cuo Composites For H2
Production
Lunbo Duan,
Southeast University,
China
OB12
5:456:00
Logistic And Supply Of Rice Straw:

A Glance At Rice Straw Collection
Model (BIOCOL)
Shuhaida Harun,
Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia, Malaysia
OB8
14
Friday, 20 January
Parallel Session C-1: Conversion Technologies
(Camelot Room)
Co-chairs: Chris Franco; N. Joshee
8:308:50
Reducing Enzyme Cost By

Medium And Process
Optimization For
Commercialization Of
Integrated Lignocellulosic
Biorefinery
Yinbo Qu, Shandong

University, China
Keynotes,
KC2
8:509:10
Advanced Bioethanol
Production With Acetic Acid
Fermentation From
Lignocelluloses
Shiro Saka, Kyoto

University, Japan
Oral
Presentation
, OC1
9:109:25
Novel Reactor Design And

Associated Process For Biomass
Fast Pyrolysis
Jianlong Li, Qingdao

University of Science
and Technology, China
9:259:40
The Solar Fuels Research

Program Within The Australian
Solar Thermal Research Initiative
(ASTRI) Solar Hybridised Dual
Fluidised Bed Gasification
Woei Lean Saw, The

University of Adelaide,
Australia
9:409:55
Enhancing Methane Production

From Air-Dried Corn Stover Using
Mesophilic-HydrothermalThermophilic Digestion
Dong Li, Chengdu

Institute of Biology,
Chinese Academy of
Sciences, China
Keynotes,
KC1
OC2
OC3
Tea Break 9:55 10:15
Parallel Session C-2: Pretreatment Technologies

(Camelot Room)
Co-chairs: Yinbo Qu; Shiro Saka
Keynotes,
KC3
10:1510:35
Macroalgae Biorefinery:
South Australian Brown
Seaweed As A Case Study
15
Chris Franco, Flinders

University, Australia
Keynotes,
KC4
Oral
Presentation,
OC4
OC5
OC6
OC7
OC8
10:3510:55
Bioenergy Crop Must

Develop Biobased
Economy: Paulownia For
South Eastern USA
N. Joshee, Agricultural
Research Station, Fort
Valley State University,
USA
10:5511:10
Conversion Of Bamboo For

Production Of High Value
Chemicals Base On
Components Separation
Jie Chang, South China

University of Technology,
China
11:1011:25
Pretreatment And Conversion

Of Hybrid Pennisetum Over
Solid Alkalis
Xuesong Tan, Guangzhou

Institute of Energy
Conversion, Chinese
Academy of Sciences,
China
11:2511:40
O2-Ethanol Organosolv
Pretreatment Of Sugar Cane
Bagasse And Enzymatic
Hydrolysis
Xingkang Li, University of

Chinese Academy of
Sciences, China
11:4011:55
Optimization Of Enzymatic
Hydrolysis Of Ammonium
Hydroxide Pretreated Empty
Fruit Bunch Using Central
Composite Design
Shuhaida Harun,
Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia, Malaysia
11:5512:10
A Novel Thermal-Chemical
Treatment Process For The
Full Utilization Of Wheat
Straw
Bin Li, Qingdao Institute of

Bioenergy and Bioprocess
Technology, Chinese
China
Lunch 12:10 1:30
Parallel Session D-1: Integrated Systems

(Tower Room)
Co-chairs: Yan Feng; An-Ping Zeng
Keynotes,
KD1
Keynotes,
KD2
8:308:50
8:509:10
Biomass As Back-Up Fuel

In Hybrid Solar Power
Plants
Renewable Aviation Fuel In
New Zealand: Plant Design
And Economic Evaluation
Of 3 Feedstocks
16
Jan Baeyens, University

of Warwick, Belgium
Matthew Watson,
University of
Canterbury, New
Zealand
Oral
Presentation,
OD1
OD2
OD3
9:109:25
Simultaneous Material,
Energy, And Exergy
Integration For Biorefinery
Concepts
Benjamin H Y Ong,
University of Waikato,
New Zealand
9:259:40
Exergy Analysis As A Key

Tool For The Evaluation Of
Bio- And Thermo-Chemical
Energy Conversion
Processes For Biomass
Professor Jan Baeyens,

University of Warwick,
Belgium
9:409:55
Process Design Of The

Hydroesterification Of Meat
Processing Dissolved Air
Flotation Sludge For
Biodiesel Production:
Simulation Study And
Preliminary Economic
Assessment
Oseweuba Okoro, Otago

University, New Zealand
Tea Break 9:55-10:15
Parallel Session D-2: Synthetic Biology and Platform

Technology (Tower Room)
Co-chairs: Jan Baeyens; Matthew Watson
10:1510:35
Enzyme Discovery And

Engineering In Synthetic
Biology
Yan Feng, Shanghai

Jiao Tong University
China
10:3510:55
The Impact Of
Environmental Parameters
On Toluene Biodegradation
Products In A Differential
Biofilter
Peter Gostomski,
University of
Canterbury, New
Zealand
Oral
Presentation,
OD4
10:5511:10
Research Progress On
Cellulosic Ethanol BioRefinery Process In GIEC
Xinshu Zhuang,
Guangzhou institute of
energy conversion, CAS,
China
OD5
11:1011:25
Sustainability Analysis Of A
Novel Industrial Bioenergy
System
Rizwan Rasheed, GC
University Lahore,
Pakistan
OD6
11:2511:40
Tailoring The Oxidative

Resistance Of Clostridium
Ling Jiang, Nanjing Tech

University, China
Keynotes,
KD3
Keynotes,
KD4
17
Tyrobutyricum CCTCC W428

By Metabolic Engineering
OD7
OD8
11:4011:55
Supported Liquid Membrane

Process For Removal Of
Acetic Acid From Biomass
Hydrolysate
Syed Saufi, Universiti

Malaysia Pahang,
Malaysia
11:5512:10
Reprogramming Cellulase
And Xylananse Transcription
By Synthetic Transcription
Factors In Trichoderma
Reesei
Fangzhong Wang,
Shandong University,
China
Lunch 12:10 1:30
Plenary Speeches and Closing Ceremony

(Great Hall)
Chairman: Zisheng Zhang
Plenary
Speech,
PL4
1:302:00
Green Biosynthesis Of
Chemicals And Biofuels
Tianwei Tan, Beijing

Technology, China
2:002:50
Recent Development Of
Thermochemical Conversion
Technologies For Biomass
To Energy And Fuels
Shusheng Pang,
University of
Canterbury, New
Zealand
Plenary
Speech,
PL6
2:503:40
Co-Production Of Ethanol
And Xylose From Hot-Water
Pretreatment Liquor Of
Woody Biomass
Shijie Liu, State

University of New York,
College of
Environmental Science
and Forestry, USA
Closing
Ceremony
3:404:30
Plenary
Speech,
PL5
Professor Tianwei Tan,

President, Beijing
Technology, China
18
List of Posters
Session A: Conversion Technologies
PA1
High Efficiency And Stable RNA Interference

Vector Construction For Penicillium Species
Xin Song, Shandong

university, China
PA2
Producing Aromatic Biorefinery Feeds From

Hydrolysis Residue Over Ru/C Catalytic
Hydrogenolysis: Effect Of Biphasic Solvent
Chenguang Wang,
Guangzhou Institute of
Energy Conversion, China
PA3
Hydrogenolysis Process For Lignin

Depolymerization Over Pd/C Cooperated With
Crcl3: Effects Of Lignin Structures, Solvents
And Reaction Conditions
Qi Zhang, Guangzhou
Institute of Energy
Conversion, Chinese
China
PA4
A Novel Method Improving The Stability Of

Anaerobic Digestion System Using Energy
Grass As Material
Yongming Sun,
Guangzhou Institute of
Energy Conversion,
Chinese Academy of
Sciences, China
PA5
Integrated Fractionation And Fermentation Of

Grass Silage In The Concept Of A Green
Biorefinery
Dominik Schwarz, Chair of

Biogenic Resources,
Technical University of
Munich, Germany
PA6
Immobilization Of Bacillus Subtilis Xylanase

Onto Eudragit L-100 And Its Application For
Xylooligosaccharides Preparation
Siyuan Chang, Nanjing

Tech University, China
PA7
Enhancement Of Synthesis Of Z-Aspartame By

Rational Guided Engineering Metallprotease
Fucheng Zhu, Nanjing

Tech University, China
PA8
Ethylene Production From Dehydration Of

Bioethanol Over MFI Zeolite Nanosheets
Sirawit Shetsiri,
Department of Chemical
and Biomolecular
Engineering,
Vidyasirimedhi Institute of
Science, Thailand
PA9
Increasing Synthetic Performance Of Penicillin

G Acylase From Providencia Rettgeri By SiteSaturating Mutagenesis
Xin Pan, Nanjing Tech

University, China
PA10
The Feasibility Of Using Methane In A Microbial

Fuel Cell Using Mediators As Charge Carrying
Intermediates
Josh Gallaher, University

of Canterbury, New
Zealand
PA11
Efficient One-Pot Synthesis Of Bio-Based NButyl Levulinate With Fe2(SO4)3 As A Cheap
Chun Chang, School of

Chemical Engineering and
19
Catalyst
Energy, Zhengzhou
University, China
PA12
Enhanced Bioconversion Of Japanese Cedar

Hydrolyzate To Acetic Acid In Fed-Batch
Fermentation With Co-Immobilized Clostridium
Thermocellum And Moorella Thermoacetica
Harifara Rabemanolontsoa
, Kyoto University, Japan
PA13
Design And Operation Of A Pilot Scale Biomass

Fast Pyrolysis Reaction System
Qixiang Xu, Univerisity of

Zhengzhou, China
Session B: Bio-based Materials and Chemicals

PB1
In Situ Generated Hcl/Zro(OH)2 Catalyst

System To One-Pot Convert Fructose To 2,5Bisethoxymethyl Furan
Lu Lin, Xiamen University,

China
PB2
Hydro-Upgrading Of Microalgae Lipids From

Chlorella Sp. To Hydrocarbon Fuels Over
Ni/HUSY Catalyst
Xianhai Zeng, Xiamen

University, China
PB3
Robust Production Of -Aminobutyrate In

Lactococcus Lactis By Over-Expressing
Glutamate Decarboxylase And Glu-GABA
Antiporter
Lehe Mei, Zhejiang

University, China
PB4
Butanol Production By Fermentation With New

Symbiotic System TSH06
Jianan Zhang, Tsinghua

University, China
PB5
Experimental Research On Syngas Generation

By Chemical-Looping Gasification Of Wheat
Straw Using Fe2O3 As Oxygen Carriers
Jianjun Hu, Henan

China
PB6
Klebsiella Pneumoniae Metabolic Regulation

And Its Application In Bio-Based 1,3Propanediol Production With Economical
Sources
Fenghuan Wang, Beijing

Technology and Business
University, China
PB7
Current Status And Prospects Of Industrial

Xylitol Production In China
Li Rong Yang, Zhejiang

University, China
PB8
Improvement Of High Value Active

Pharmaceutical Ingredients Using The Cleaner
Supercritical Fluid Technology
Yan-Ping Chen, Dept. of

Chemical Engineering,
National Taiwan University,
China (Taiwan T.W)
PB9
Function Of Lipid A Core-O-Antigen Ligase

Gene In Cellulose Degradation And Cell
Movement Of Cytophaga Hutchinsonii
Xuemei Lu, State key

Laboratory of Microbial
Technology, School of Life
Science, Shandong
University, China
PB10
Synthesis Of The Biosafety Isosorbide

Dicaprylate Ester Plasticizer By Lipase In
Solvent-Free System And Its Sub-Chronic
Biqiang Chen, Beijing

Technology, China
20
Toxicity In Mice
PB11
Effect Of Microcrystalline Cellulose On

Properties Of HMDI-Type Polyurethane Ela
Stomer
Yijing Duan, Beijing

Technology, China
PB12
Insight Into The Synthesis Of Isosorbide Diester

Plasticizer Using Immobilized Lipases
Yueju Zhen, Jilin Chemical

Co., Ltd. Shandong Green,
China
PB13
Enzymatic Production Of L-Ribose From LArabinose
Zheng Xu, Nanjing Tech

University, China
PB14
Chemoselective Hydrogenation Of Biomass

Derived 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural To Diols: Key
Intermediates For Sustainable Chemicals,
Materials And Fuels
Xing Tang, Xiamen

University, China
PB15
The Effect Of Knocking Out The SporulationRelated Genes On Surfactin Production In

Bacillus Subtilis THY-7/Pg3-Srfa
Miaomiao Wang, Tsinghua

University, China
PB16
Combining A New Air Lift Reactor Containing

Built-In Pore Plates With Traditional Stirred
Tank Reactor For Enhancing Production Of
Poly--Glutamic Acid
Peng Lei, Nanjing Tech

University, China
PB17
The Preparation And Properties Of

Nanocomposite Membranes From Bio-Based
Polyurethane
Yongsheng Zhang,
Zhengzhou University,
China
Session C: Others
PC1
The Correlation Between Cellulose Allomorphs

(I And II) And Conversion After Removal Of
Hemicellulose And Lignin Of Lignocellulose
Xu Zhang, Beijing
Technology, China
PC2
Effect Of Liquor-Hot-Water Pretreatment On

Enzymatic Hydrolysis Of Corn Stover And
Adsorption Of Cellulase Onto Lignin
Jian Zhao, State Key

Laboratory of Microbial
Technology, Shandong
University, China
PC3
Biomass Recalcitrance to Enzymatic and

Hydrothermal Hydrolysis
Qiang Yu, Guangzhou

Institute of Energy
Conversion, Chinese
Academy of Sciences
PC4
Engineering On Wild Type Diploid

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae For SecondGeneration Bioethanol Production
Xiaoming Bao, The College

of Life Science Shandong
University, China
PC5
Study Of Camptothecin Biotransformation In

Hairy Roots Of Camptotheca Acuminata And
Enrichment Of Camptothecin In Medium
Zhanmei Liu, Zhongkai

University of Agriculture
and Technology, China
21
PC6
Development Of A Flow-Through EnzymeImmobilized Microreactor Based On Layer-ByLayer Method For Biosynthetic Process
Yicheng Bi, School of

Pharmaceutical Science,
Nanjing Tech University,
China
PC7
Research On The Cost Of Straws CollectionStore-Transportation
Wencai Li, Henan

China
PC8
Integrating Biodiesel Production With Carbon

Storage As A Negative Emissions Technology
Murray Mccurdy, CRL

Energy, New Zealand
PC9
Rational Modification Of Sucrose Isomerase

For Improving Its Products Specificity
Lingtian Wu, Nanjing Tech

University, China
PC10
Formulation And Combustion Of Pellet Fuels

Derived From Pyrolysis Byproducts
Murray Mccurdy, CRL

Energy, New Zealand
Laccase: Fermentation Process Intensification

and Efficient Purification
Chunzhao Liu, Institute of

Process Engineering,
Chinese Academy of
Sciences, China
PC11
22
Part 1: Plenary Lectures
23
PL1
Biofuels And Other Products From Microalgae
Yusuf Chisti
School of Engineering, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
Microalgae and cyanobacteria are sunlight-driven cell factories that provide many
useful products. This presentation will focus on production of nutraceutical,
pharmacological and other products microalgae. The diverse applications of microalgae
will be reviewed. Methods of growing algae for commercial purposes in large-scale
photobioreactors and open systems will be discussed. Production of pharmacological
and other high-technology products generally requires a contamination-free, controlled
and highly consistent production environment. This form of contained culture of lightdependent microorganisms must inevitably use photobioreactors. Although some algae
can be grown in bioreactors without light (i.e. heterotrophic growth), this method of
production is not applicable to all the species that are of interest. Furthermore,
heterotrophic cultures do not always produce the desired metabolites, or produce them
in lower concentrations than do equivalent photosynthetic cultures. Photosynthetic
culture has been traditionally carried out in open ponds, lagoons and raceways;
however, open systems are generally less productive than closed photobioreactors.
Furthermore, open culture is possible only for the few species that can be grown in the
necessarily selective extremophilic environment of ponds and lagoons. Also,
production of highly biologically active compounds and algal toxins dictates the use of
a contained culture system. This presentation will discuss advances in engineered
design of photobioreactors for large-scale production of phototrophic microorganisms
and their products.
Most large-scale photobioreactors rely on outdoor irradiance (sunlight) to drive
photosynthesis. Thus, a photobioreactor culture is unavoidably subject to daily and
seasonal variations in irradiance. In addition, only continuous culture with feeding
confined to daylight hours, appears to provide the productivity necessary in a
commercial operation. Attaining a consistently high biomass productivity through the
24
cultivation period and prolonging the duration of uninterrupted culture, require careful
attention to design and operation of photobioreactors. As this presentation will illustrate,
the design and operation of an outdoor photobioreactor needs to consider seasonal and
diurnal changes in irradiance; the biomass growth kinetics, photoinhibition and
flashing-light effect; mass transfer of carbon dioxide and the photosynthetically
generated oxygen; fluid mechanics; the peculiarities of the species being cultured (e.g.,
shear stress tolerance of cells); and thermal engineering for temperature control.
Production of bioproducts from microalgal biomass can be expensive and the expense
is greatly accentuated by inadequacies in photobioreactor engineering.
Keywords: Microalgae; Photobioreactors; Raceways; Algal products.
25
PL2
The Energy-Environment Enigma
Murray Moo-Young
University of Waterloo, Canada
While biofuels, biomass, renewable energy, climate change, and other related
topics are popular these days, hardly any realistic strategies have been proposed. The
favorable economics of petroleum continues to drive the global industrial
manufacturing and vehicle transportation operations, which mainly cause world
pollution problems. Clearly, various major culture-changes are required; hence, the
ongoing enigma and dilemmas. Communities are involved in a pervasive throw-away
society; with government research organizations holding political agendas, and
scientific researchers who are concerned less with practical applications. Here, with our
own two-cent worth of contributions to the complex scenario, we are developing
biotechnology innovations for the production of biofuels and bioproducts using wasteresidues as feedstock. Example inputs are our creation of genetically-modified
microbes and bioprocessing strategies to overcome the current low-yield limitations
and the poor utilization of cheap feedstocks, in a collaborative and multidisciplinary
approach. In this talk, we will examine the options and controversies.
26
PL3
Bioeconomy, Biorefinery and New Bioproduction Systems for
Chemicals and Biofuels
An-Ping Zeng
Institute of Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, Hamburg University of
Technology, Germany.
Bioeconomy aims at producing fuels, chemicals and other materials by using biobased materials or conversion technologies at large scale. Driven by the increasing
shortage of resource and energy and global climate change bioeconomy has become a
strategic and key technology development area worldwide. To achieve the goals of
bioeconomy new bioproduction systems are desperately needed. This calls for
fundamental innovations and new concepts in bioprocess engineering for the use of
renewable resources at efficiency significantly improved in comparison to todays
production systems. In this presentation I will first briefly summarize the advantages
and inherent limitations of present bioproduction systems for chemicals and fuels. I will
then illustrate on concrete examples the promises, development trends and challenges
of new bioproduction systems and concepts for overcoming the major limitations of the
present bioproduction systems. These new bioproduction systems and concepts include
biorefinery, synthetic biological systems and electro-biotechnology. In particular, an
integrated biorefinery strategy toward a sustainable and feasible bioeconomy will be
highlighted which takes advantages of the latest developments in biorefinery, renewable
energy and electro-biotechnology.
Keywords: Biorefinery, bioeconomy, new bioproduction systems, synthetic biology,

electro-biotechnology
27
PL4
Green Biosynthesis of Chemicals and Biofuels
Tianwei Tan
Beijing University of Chemical Technology, China
Metabolic engineering strategies have been devoted to bioethanol production: i)

Cellulolytic enzymes: Self-surface assembly of cellulosic on the surface of
Saccharomyces cerevisiae for direct utilization of ligoncellulosic biomass to avoid the
usage of cellulose. ii) Co-fermentation of C5 and C6 sugars as well as CO2 by
engineering yeasts to simultaneously and efficiently convert maltose, xylose and
glucose as well as in-situ produced CO2 into ethanol by coupling the CO2-fixation
pathway into the fundamental xylose pathway. The introduction of CO2 as electron
acceptor for NADH oxidation not only increases ethanol yield form xylose, but also
enhances ethanol productivity. Expression of From-I Rubisco further enhanced xylose
metabolic flux and improved xylose consumption rate. The results present an sugars to
desirable products and demonstrate a possible breakthrough in increased fermentation
of competitive pathways of cofactors, cofactor regeneration system and modification
of cofactor preference of key enzymes have been applied successfully for enhancing
the production of 5-adenosylmethionine (SAM), 1-butanol and 1,3- propanediol (1,3PDO). As a result, SAM titer produced by the Escherichia coli SSP-1 was increased to
5.3 mg/L, 13 times of that with control, the NADH/NAD+ RATIO in the engineered 1butanol strain was increased by 78-135% and the 1,3-PDO titer produced by Klebsiella
pneumonia was improved to 86 g/L.
28
PL5
Recent Development of Thermochemical Conversion
Technologies for Biomass to Energy and Fuels
Shusheng Pang
Department of Chemical and Process Engineering,
University of Canterbury, New Zealand
Biomass has been recognised to be a promising resource for future energy and
fuels. The biomass, originated from plants, is renewable and application of its derived
energy and fuels is carbon-neutral considering that the growing plants absorb CO2 for
photosynthesis. However, the complex structure and chemical composition of the
biomass significantly hinder its conversion to gaseous and liquid fuels.
This presentation will firstly address the difficulties and challenges in application of
biomass for energy and fuels in three areas: processing costs, conversion efficiencies
and impacts on environment. Then recent development and progresses on
thermochemical conversion technologies will be discussed which include biomass
gasification, biomass pyrolysis and biomass thermal liquefaction. Biomass pretreatment for pyrolysis and gas cleaning in gasification will also be described. Finally,
future perspectives will be presented for future implementation of the advanced
processing technologies
29
PL6
Co-Production of Ethanol and Xylose from Hot-Water
Pretreatment Liquor of Woody Biomass
Shijie Liu1, Yang Wang1,2, Zheng Liu1, Jipeng Yan1,3, Yipeng Xie1, Nirmal Joshee4
1.
Department of Paper and Bioprocess Engineering, SUNY ESF, 1 Forestry Drive,

Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
2.
Life Technologies, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc., 3175 Staley Road, Grand Island,
NY 14072
3.
Lawrence Berkley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA
4.
Agricultural Research Station, Fort Valley State University, Fort Valley, GA 31030,
USA
Woody biomass has becoming an attractive source of renewable energy and
chemicals. Hot-water extraction of woodchips is a beneficial technique to pretreat
woody biomass prior to its conversion to valuable products in a biorefinery. It has a
synergetic effect with pyrolysis, gasification, or sugar-based biorefinery. In addition,
the often neglected hot-water wood extracts are valuable themselves. Hot water wood
extract contains a mixture of sugars: xylose, glucose, galactose, mannose, arabinose
and rhamnose, and their polymers. Five carbon sugars, for example, fetch a premium
value over glucose. However, the sugar mixture as it is presents a challenge in
fermentation to ethanol and other chemicals / biofuel. The fermentation efficiency is
especially low for xylose. When genetically modified E. coli fbr5 was employed to
ferment the sugar mixture to ethanol, glucose was the first sugar consumed, and then
galactose, arabinose, mannose and rhamnose, xylose was the last to be consumed.
While E. coli fbr 5 was genetically engineered to ferment Xylose, this outcome is
disappointing. Most microorganisms prefer glucose, E coli is no exception. Xylose
being the dominant sugar species in hardwood hot-water extract hydrolysate and the
least preferred sugar for ethanol production present a challenge to the biomass energy
industry development. On the other hand, xylose can be employed to produce xylitol,
furfural, and a lot more products efficiently. The value of xylose is higher than glucose
in the market, and yet it is limiting the efficiency in biomass conversion. Hot water
wood extract hydrolysate was subject to fermentation with S. cerevisiae and xylose was
left unconsumed. Xylose can be recovered from the fermentation broth, while ethanol
was produced from glucose.
Keywords: Biomass, Conversion, Ethanol, Fermentation, Pretreatment, Xylose
30
Part 2: Oral Presentations
31
Parallel Session A-1: Conversion Technologies

KA1
Development and Scale-Up of a Microchannel Fischer-Tropsch
Reactor for Biofuels Production from Biomass Synthesis Gas
Chris Williamson1 , Ben Graham1 and Chris Penniall1
University of Canterbury, New Zealand
Fischer-Tropsch fuels plants are traditionally very large to take advantage of
economies of scale. However, the low geographical density of biomass feedstock
requires a different approach. Recent research (Penniall, 2013) has demonstrated that a
polygeneration plant based on producing electricity, heat and Fischer-Tropsch fuels
integrated with a sawmill and using a novel micro-channel reactor can potentially
produce biofuels and wax economically. Crucial to the economics is a reactor/catalyst
combination that results in a product mix with a high concentration of hydrocarbons
with chain lengths in the diesel (C10-C20) and wax range (C21 and higher, that can
either be sold as wax or cracked to hydrocarbons in the diesel range). In previous work
(Penniall, 2013) a laboratory size microchannel reactor using 0.3 mm wide channels
cut in 0.2 mm thick stainless steel shim plates, washcoated with cobalt catalyst was
built and tested. Further development of the reactor was required to find a more suitable
version for scale-up. The original reactor was modified to test different width channels
and a more easily manufactured design based on catalyst deposited on wire mesh also
built and tested. Several catalyst deposition techniques, washcoating, solution
combustion synthesis and electrochemical deposition were trialled on the two
microchannel reactors. These reactor design/catalyst depositon combinations were
subsequently tested for Fischer-Tropsch activity using a 2:1 ratio mixture of hydrogen
and carbon monoxide. The wire cut shim reactor with 0.9 mm channels coupled with
the combustion synthesis catalyst deposition technique proved to be the most active and
stable Fischer-Tropsch reactor (Graham, 2016).
In the future, this work will provide the experimental basis to design, build and
test a larger version of the microchannel reactor on actual synthesis gas produced from
the 100 kW dual fluidised bed biomass gasifier at the University of Canterbury.
Keywords: Fischer-Tropsch, microchannel reactor, biomass to liquid
32
KA2
Study on the Synergetic Effects in Corn Straw and Oil Sands
Co-Pyrolysi
Zisheng Zhang,, Hongfei Bei, Hong Li,, Xin Gao,, Xingang Li,,&
School of Chemical Engineering and technology, Tianjin University, , China
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, Canada
National Engineering Research Center of Distillation Technology, , China
&Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, China
Biomass and oil sands are both important alternative sources of energy and their
utilizations have been studied extensively. In order to investigate the potential
synergetic effect between oil sands and biomass during co-pyrolysis, a
thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) and a laboratory scale fixed bed reactor were used
to conduct co-pyrolysis experiments of Indonesian oil sands and corn straw. The liquid
products were characterized by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and
the gaseous products were characterized by gas chromatograph (GC). For TGA,
improved pyrolysis characteristics and higher conversion were observed, indicating the
existence of synergetic effect which was caused by the alkali and alkaline earth metals
(AAEMs) and radicals in corn straw. For the fixed bed reactor, the co-pyrolysis liquid
product yield was significantly increased compared with the calculated value. Phenols
and alcohols were increased and aldehydes were decreased in co-pyrolysis oil,
suggesting the chemical interactions during co-pyrolysis. CO and CO2 volume
percentages in gaseous product were increased whereas H2 and CH4 were decreased.
Therefore, the existence of remarkable synergetic effect in the fixed bed reactor copyrolysis was also found from the product yield distribution and compositional analysis
results, which indicated the yield and quality improvement of pyrolysis oil as fuel and
chemicals feedstock.
Keywords: co-pyrolysis, biomass, oil sands, synergetic effect
33
OA1
Oxidative Entrained Flow Gasification of Biomass Pyrolysis Oil
at Low Temperature: Gasifier Development and Performance
Investigation
Muhamad Fazly Abdul Patah* 1, 2, Shusheng Pang 1, Aaron Marshall 1
1
Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand

2
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
A pilot scale entrained flow gasification system was designed and built to gasify
biomass pyrolysis oil with oxygen at atmospheric pressure and operation temperatures
of 700-1000oC. The system is equipped with an external mix air assisted atomizer
capable of generating fine pyrolysis oil droplets after impact with the oxygen gas. The
pyrolysis oil used in this study was derived from New Zealand radiata pine wood chips
through a fast pyrolysis process. Different oxygen-oil equivalent ratio values (ER: 0.10.9) were tested to determine their influence on gasification performance and syngas
composition. The results showed advantages of using an external mix twin fluid
atomizer during gasification since this type of atomizer allows allows superior control
of atomization performance by independent adjustments of pyrolysis oil and oxygen
flow rates. At a given equivalence ratio, oxygen gas flow rate has significant effect on
gasification temperature. However, the pyrolysis oil flow rate has more significant
influence on the product gas yield than the oxygen gas flow rate. The trend of ER
influence on dry producer gas yield (ggas/goil) reveals that with increase in ER, the gas
yield increased dramatically to a maximum value at ER: 0.3 during gasification at
900L/h oxygen flow rates. With further increase in ER, the gas yield decreased as the
ratio proceeded towards combustion stoichiometry. A unique relationship between
equivalence ratio and producer gas composition was also found in this work where the
H2, CO and CO2 concentrations followed non-linear trends with increase in ER which
are different from those reported in literature. The results have also been compared to
predictions from an equilibrium model, and close agreement has been found at ER
values above the concentration peaks. The results can be used for improvements in the
design and operation of an entrained flow gasifier to achieve high syngas yield and
desired gas composition.
34
OA2
Investigation of Coke Deposition on Ni Based Zeolite Catalysts
in Bio-oil Hydrodeoxygenation Processing
Ruiqin Zhang*,1,2,Yu Li,1,2 Zhongjun Li,1 Qixiang Xu,1,2 Changsen Zhang,1,2 Yonggang Liu,1,2
1
Dept. of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, University of Zhengzhou, Henan, China

2
Insitute of Environmental Science Research, University of Zhengzhou, Henan, China
Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) is considered most effective method for upgrading

bio-oil. The transition metals can activate hydrogen. Zeolite and ZRP, which is a kind
of ZSM-5 modified by rear earth, can play a very good cracking effect due to its acid
sites and porous structure in the process of bio-oil HDO. In this paper, Ni/HZSM-5, NiCu/HZSM-5, and Ni-Cu/ZRP were synthesized and uses as catalysts for investigating
properties of upgraded bio-oil, coke formation and catalyst deactivation behaviors.
Significant quality improvements of bio-oil have been observed when raw bio-oil is
treated by different Ni-based Zeolite catalysts. After raw bio-oil hydrogenation at 280
C, the yield of upgraded rice husk bio-oil were 43%, 46%, and 49% using Ni/HZSM5, Ni-Cu/HZSM-5, and Ni-Cu/ZRP as catalysts, respectively. Additionally, bio-oil
treated at 280 C by Ni-Cu/ZRP had lower oxygen content (20%) and moisture content
(2.1%) compared with treated by Ni/HZSM-5 and Ni-Cu/HZSM-5 catalysts. Obviously,
bio-oil samples upgraded by Ni-Cu/ZRP catalyst have lower oxygen contents than the
original samples.
In order to explore the mechanism of the coke formation, the morphology, quantity
and species, components, structures and evolutionary process of carbon deposition on
catalysts were characterized by TG, Raman and XPS techniques. The TG analyses
showed that Ni-Cu/ZRP had lower coke content and lower combustion activation
energy of the coke compared with Ni/HZSM-5 and Ni-Cu/HZSM-5 catalysts. It
indicated that Ni-Cu/ZRP catalyst had a higher ability of resistance of coke. Raman
analysis revealed the average coke particle size of Ni-Cu/ZRP was smaller than that of
Ni/HZSM-5 and Ni-Cu/HZSM-5. XPS analyses indicated that the coke adsorbed on the
catalyst contains a large number of C-C and C-O structures. At higher temperature of
330 oC, that the content of graphitic carbon on Ni-Cu/ZRP was smaller than that of
Ni/HZSM-5 and Ni-Cu/HZSM-5 indicated that ZRP carrier had a higher ability of
resistance of coke deposition at high temperature so that Ni-Cu/ZRP catalyst had a
higher catalytic ability in bio-oil HDO processing.
Keywords: Hydrodeoxygenation; Coking; Ni/HZSM-5, Ni-Cu/HZSM-5 catalysts
35
OA3
Experimental Evaluation of Tar Formation in Steam
Gasification of Various Biomass Species in a 100kW Dual
Fluidised Bed Gasifier
Ziyin Zhang, Cheng Li, Shusheng Pang*
Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Canterbury,
Christchurch, New Zealand
Tar is undesirable in producer gas from biomass gasification. The aims of this study
were to assess the influence of initial stage of gasification (fast pyrolysis) on tar
formation and to investigate producer gas yields and tar concentrations in the producer
gas from steam gasification of different biomass feedstocks.
In this study, three different types of feedstock were chosen for this investigation:
radiata pine, corn stover and pine-lignite (50-50 wt%) blends. Both the fast pyrolysis
and the steam gasification processes were experimentally investigated in a 100kW dual
fluidised bed gasifier. In the experiments, the operating temperature was 700C. Silica
sand was used as the bed material with an inventory of 30kg. In the fast pyrolysis
experiments, N2 was used as the fluidisation agent.
From the experimental results, the producer gas yield from steam gasification for
radiata pine, corn stover and pine-lignite blends were 0.51, 0.46 and 0.72 Nm3/kgdry fuel,
respectively, while total tar yields in the producer gas were 9.2, 6.9 and 5.1 g/ kgdry fuel,
respectively. The evolutions and distributions of 15 tar components from initial fast
pyrolysis and final steam gasification for the three feedstocks were determined and the
correlations between the initial fast pyrolysis and the final gasification processes were
proposed.
Keywords: biomass gasification, fast pyrolysis, gas composition, tar concentration, gas
yield, tar formation and destruction
36
OA4
Two-step hydrolysis of corn cob as treated by semi-flow hotcompressed water
Rui Niu, Masatsugu Takada, Eiji Minami, Shiro Saka
Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
Corn (Zea mays), known as maize, is a large grain plant grown mostly in the U.S.
and China as an important food crop. In contrast with the edible part corn kernels, the
utilization of the inedible part corn cob is still being explored. One way to utilize corn
cob is to hydrolyze it into saccharides for fermentation and for further ethanol
production. Our laboratory has developed an original two-step method to hydrolyze
lignocellulosics with semi-flow hot-compressed water (1st stage: 230C/10 MPa/15
min; 2nd stage: 270C/10 MPa/30 min). In this research, the hot-compressed water
treatment was applied on the corn cob, and the decomposition behaviors were studied
to clarily the potential of corn cob for bioethanol production. During the 1st stage
treatment, xylose, arabinose and their oligomers were detected. They are considered as
the decomposition products from hemicellulose. On the other hand, during the 2nd
stage treatment, a large amount of glucose was detected which should be from the
decomposition of cellulose. In terms of the lignin derivatives, sinapyl alcohol from
syringyl propane (S), coniferyl alcohol from guaiacyl propane (G), and p-coumaryl
alcohol from p-hydroxyphenyl propane (H) units were detected mainly during the 1st
stage. In addition, p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid were also detected, which
specifically exist in monocotyledonous plants and are considered to form covalent
bonds to connect hemicellulose and lignin. The knowledge obtained in this study shows
that corn cob can be efficiently hydrolyzed by the two-step hot-compressed water
treatment as well as other lignocellulosics, and thus it would be a good potential
feedstock for bioethanol production.
Keywords: cellulose; corn cob; hemicellulose; hydrolysis; lignin
37
OA5
Investigation of Ammonia Removal by Titanomagnetites from
Simulated Gas of Biomass Gasification
Yanjie Wang, Shusheng Pang*
Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, College of Engineering, University
of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
Catalytic removal of NH3 by both unprocessed and H2-reduced titanomagnetites
(Fe2.9Ti0.1O4) from various gases has been experimentally investigated in a lab-scale
fluidised bed quartz reactor. The test gases include Ar gas, simulated producer gas from
biomass steam gasification (H2, CO, CO2 and CH4), Ar gas and H2, Ar gas and CO and
simulated gas and H2S. In all of the gases, the NH3 concentration was 2400 ppmv. The
operation temperatures were from 500 to 850C.
The experimental results showed that the H2-reduced titanomagnetite had higher
activity than the unprocessed titanomagnetite to remove NH3 in Ar gas at all of the
temperatures tested. Meanwhile, high temperature showed high efficiency to remove
NH3. The H2-reduced titanomagnetite was then employed to remove NH3 in the
simulated gas, where the NH3 conversion was ~81 vol% at 500C and ~99 vol% at
750C. Therefore, higher temperature is preferred for NH3 removal. It is believed that
the reverse water gas shift reaction occurred as substantial water was found in the outlet
gas products at both temperatures. Massive carbon deposition from the Boudouard
reaction was detected on the used catalyst at operation temperature of 500C, which
was the main reason to suppress the NH3 removal. The effects of CO and H2 on NH3
removal were also investigated in the experiments when CO and H2 were, respectively,
added to the Ar gas. The results showed that NH3 can be completely decomposed at
750C in CO and Ar mixture, where just a small amount of CO was converted to CO 2
by the Boudouard reaction simultaneously. It was also found that NH3 conversion in H2
and Ar mixture was ~99 vol% at 750C, which was similar to the result in the simulated
gas at the same temperature. 240 ppmv of H2S in the simulated gas reduced the activity
of the H2-reduced titanomagnetite at 750C significantly, and the NH3 conversion was
decreased to 67 vol% in 4 hours. A separate experiment showed that the activity of the
poisoned catalyst by H2S can be steady after the H2S supply was stopped, but it was
unlikely to be recovered.
Keywords: NH3 decomposition, Fe-based catalyst, Simulated gas, H2S poisoning
38
Parallel Session A-2: Conversion Technologies - II

KA3
Molecular mechanisms in lignin pyrolytic conversion
to aromatic tar components
Haruo Kawamoto, Kazuo Narita, Shiro Saka
Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Japan
Lignin is an aromatic polymer and represents 20-35% of the components of
lignocellulosic biomass. Thus, lignin produces various types of aromatic substances
during fast pyrolysis and gasification of biomass to produce liquid and gaseous products.
Lignin primary pyrolysis to form volatiles and solid char occurs in the temperature
range of 200-400C, and the primary products are converted further into phenols,
benzenes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) along with coke (solid carbonized
products) in the secondary reaction stage. The primary volatile products from lignin are
the guaiacol (2-methoxyphenol) derivatives with alkyl side chains in case of the
pyrolysis of softwood lignins consisting of guaiacyl (4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)
units as the aromatic nuclei. This paper focuses on the molecular mechanisms during
the conversion of these primary products in the secondary reaction stage. Key pyrolytic
reactions in the secondary reaction stage are the homolysis of the OCH3 bond to form
catechol (1,2-dihydroxybenzene) and methyl radicals and rearrangement of methoxyl
group into aromatic CCH3 structures. Both types of reactions occur around 450C and
lead to the aromatic tar and coke formation. In this study, 13C and deuterium (D) labeled
guaiacols were used to study the conversion mechanisms in the temperature range of
300-600C. Incorporation of these isotopes to the products provided insights into the
conversion pathways and the mechanisms. As a results, addition of radicals to oquinone methide intermediate during the methoxyl group rearrangement was found to
play important roles for producing o-cresol (2-methylphenol) and other alkylphenols.
On the other hand, catechol formed via the OCH3 bond homolysis decomposed to
reactive imtermediates, which were re-aromatized to benzenes and PAHs. The mixed
pathways of these two series of reactions are also suggested to be involved in the
formation of PAHs, where reactive intermediates from the catechol decomposition bind
to aromatic methyl group from the methoxyl group rearrangement. Accordingly, some
PAHs included 13C at the carbons adjacent to aromatic rings in pyrolysis of 13C-labeled
guaiacol. These lines of information would provide insights into the upgrating of fast
pyrolysis process and mitigating the tar problems in biomass gasification.
Keywords: Lignin; Pyrolysis; Gasification; Aromtic tar; Molecular mechanism.
39
KA4
Production of (2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol Using Engineered Pichia
Pastoris: Strain development, Characterization and Fermentation
Zhiliang Yang, Zisheng Zhang*
Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering. University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD) is a bulk platform chemical with various potential
applications includingas aviation fuel. 2,3-BD has three optical isomers: (2R,3R)-,
(2S.3S)- and meso-2,3-BD. Optically pure 2,3-BD is a crucial precursor for the chiral
synthesis and it can also be used as anti-freeze agent. 2,3-BD has been produced in both
native and non-native hosts. Several pathogenic bacteria was reported to produce 2,3BD in mixture of its optical isomers including Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella
oxytoca. Engineered hosts based on episomal plasmid expression such as Escherichia
coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus subtilis are not ideal for industrial
fermentation due to plasmid instability. Pichia pastoris is generally regarded as safe
and is a well established host for high level heterologous protein production. To produce
enantiomerically pure (2R,3R)-2,3-BD, we developed a P. pastoris strain by
introducing a synthetic pathway. The AlsS and AlsD gene from B. subtilis were codonoptimized and synthesized. The Bdh1 gene from S. cerevisiae was cloned. These three
pathway genes were integrated into the genome of P. pastoris and expressed under the
control of GAP promoter. Production of (2R,3R)-2,3-BD was achieved using glucose
as feedstock. The optical purity of (2R,3R)-2,3-BD was more than 99%. The titer of
(2R,3R)-2,3-BD reached 1 g/L with 20 g/L glucose as carbon source in shake flask
fermentation. Optimization of (2R,3R)-2,3-BD production using engineered P. pastoris
strains in feb-batch fermentation is currently under way. Cultivation conditions in terms
of glucose concentration, dissolved oxygen level and temperature are being
investigated. The role of endogenous 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase and co-factor
engineering was also elucidated. The potential of engineering P. pastoris into a
microbial cell factory for biofuel production was evaluated in this work using (2R,3R)2,3-BD as an example.
Keywords: (2R,3R)-2,3-BD; Pichia pastoris; Fermentation
40
OA6
Jet biofuel production from algal biodiesel and algal residue
after transesterification
Jun Cheng, Tao Li, Yi Qiu, Junhu Zhou, Kefa Cen
State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, China
Jet biofuel production from algal biodiesel and algal residue after
transesterification were studied and the corresponding reaction pathways were
proposed. Four catalysts including Ni/Meso-HZSM-5, Ni/Meso-Y, Ni/Meso-Hbeta and
Ni/SAPO-34 were applied to convert algal biodiesel into Jet biofuel, of which Ni/MesoY showed the best catalyst performance to improve the quality of jet biofuel. In the
condition of reaction temperature of 400 , hydrogen pressure of 3 MPa and reaction
time of 8h, the highest alkane selectivity was 46.29% and the corresponding yield was
29.5%, the lowest aromatic hydrocarbons selectivity was 10.29% and the
corresponding yield was 6.5%. A high yield of jet fuel (48.5%) was obtained. In the
reaction of converting algal residue after transesterification into jet biofuel catalyzed
by Ni-Co/MCM-41, jet biofuel selectivity was 19.99%, alkane (C17-C30) selectivity
was 27.46% while the intermediate products, most of which were hexadecanoic acid
ethyl esters, exhibited the highest selectivity of 34.58%.
Graphic abstract
Keywords: Jet biofuel; algal biodiese; algal residue.

41
OA7
Ethylene production from dehydration of bioethanol over
MFI zeolite nanosheets
Sirawit Shetsiri1, Wannruedee Wannapakdee1, Saros Salakhum1, and Chularat Wattanakit1*
1
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Energy Science and

Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Rayong, Thailand.
The bioethanol dehydration via solid acid catalysts such as zeolites and heteropoly
acid catalysts is one of the most important ways to produe the ethylene as the important
intermediate for petrochemical industry. Although a conventional MFI zeolite has been
widely used
in the process, it often suffers from the mass transfer limitation,
exhibiting low activity and high coke formation rate. To overcome these problems, the
hierarchical MFI zeolite nanosheet can be applied. In this work, hierarchical MFI
zeolite nanosheets having various Si/Al ratios have been successfully prepared by a
hydrothermal synthesis using tetra(n-butyl) phosphonium hydroxide (TBPOH) as a
dual
template.
The
designed
hierarchical
zeolites
exhibit
the
preferable
physicochemical properties with an increase of mesoporosity (~30 %) compared with

a corresponding commercial zeolite. To demonstrate the application of hierarchical
zeolite in the bioethanol conversion, the catalytic tests were carried out using a fixedbed reactor at 350-450 oC under an atmospheric pressure. The hierarchical MFI exhibits
the superior catalytic activity with yielding light olefins over 80% due to their
hierarchical structure that can greatly improve the mass transfer limitation and the
thermal stability of catalysts. Furthermore, the effect of Si/Al ratios of hierarchical
zeolites on catalytic mechanisms will be systematically discussed.
Keywords: Ethylene; Bioethanol; MFI nanosheets.
42
OA8
Experimental evaluation of performance of bed materials for
steam gasification of biomass in a dual fluidised bed gasifier
Cheng Li, Ziyin Zhang, Shusheng Pang*
Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Canterbury,
Christchurch, New Zealand
The aim of this study was to investigate the performance of four types of bed
materials for steam gasification of woody biomass in a dual fluidised bed gasifier. The
selected bed material were silica sand, calcined olivine, woodhill sand and limestonesilica sand blends (50-50 wt%). Silica sand, which acted as inert heat carrier, was tested
as a control bed material and other bed materials were expected to show catalytic effects
to different extents.
Experiments were conducted in a 100kW dual fluidised bed gasifier at operating
temperature of 700C. Radiata pine wood pellets were used as the biomass feedstock,
and the steam to biomass ratio maintained constant at 0.89. The bed material inventory
was 30kg. The results from this study show that compared with the silica sand, olivine,
woodhill sand and limestone as bed materials all enhanced producer gas yield. The gas
yield from gasification with olivine bed material was the highest with a value of 0.86
Nm3/kgdryfuel. Meanwhile, the hydrogen content in the producer gas was also increased
in the gasification with these three catalytic bed materials, which was 43% for olivine,
57% for woodhill, and 55% for limestone as bed materials. This can be attributed to
favoured water-shift reaction towards the hydrogen production when catalytic bed
materials were used. Furthermore, the catalytic effects on tar productions were also
found with heavy tars being cracked by these three catalytic bed materials.
Keywords: steam biomass gasification, catalytic effect, calcium , tar concentration,
CO2 shift.
43
OA9
Using Sulfonated graphene oxide to convert lipids from wet
microalgae into biodiesel
Yi Qiu, Jun Cheng, Rui Huang, Junhu Zhou, Kefa Cen
State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, China
Four heterogeneous catalysts including graphene oxide (GO), sulfonated graphene

oxide (sGO), sulfonated graphene (sG), sulfonated active carbon (sAC) had been
prepared, characterized and tested for the production of biodiesel from lipids in wet
microalgae. SGO was proven to show the best catalyst performance, giving the highest
conversion efficiency of lipids in wet microalage to FAMEs (84.58% of that catalyzed
by sulfuric acid), while, in contrast, sAC could not convert any lipids at all. Fourier
transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and elemental
analysis revealed that although the SO3H groups in sG (1.688mmol/g) is much more
than those in GO (0.378mmol/g) or sGO (0.441mmol/g), the conversion efficiency of
lipids to FAMEs catalyzed by sG (48.63%) is much lower than that of GO (73.08%),
even lower than that of reused sGO because of the loss of hydrophilic hydroxyl on the
surface. The morphology, surface characteristics, and other physiochemical properties
of catalysts and converted biodiesel were evaluated by scanning electron microscope
(SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and
thermogravimetric analysis (TG).
Keywords: Sulfonated graphene oxide; biodiesel; wet microalgae;solid catalyst.
44
OA10
The Effects of Pretreatment on the Products of Fast Pyrolysis of
Pine Wood
Xing Xin1, Kirk Torr2, Ferran de Miguel Mercader2, Shusheng Pang1*
1Dept.
of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New

Zealand
2
Scion, Rotorua, New Zealand
The aim of this study was to understand the effects of acid leaching and
torrefaction pretreatments on fast pyrolysis products (bio-oil, gas and char) from pine
wood. Wood was pretreated by acid leaching (1 wt.% acetic acid solution), mild
torrefaction (260 C) and acid leaching followed by torrefaction, respectively. These
three feedstocks along with raw wood were pyrolysed in a 1 kg/h fast pyrolysis reactor
at a temperature of 450 C.
To understand the impact of the pretreatments, the wood samples were
characterised by 13C NMR and FTIR spectroscopy and analysed for elemental
composition, carbohydrates, lignin and inorganics. These analyses showed that acid
leaching removed most of the inorganic materials, especially potassium and calcium,
but did not affect the lignin or carbohydrate content. Mild torrefaction caused
hemicellulose decomposition, resulting in pretreated woods with increased carbon
content and lignin content.
Upon fast pyrolysis, the highest bio-oil yield was obtained from acid-leached wood,
and the lowest from torrefied wood. Raw wood and acid-leached/torrefied wood gave
a similar yield of pyrolysis oil. Hence, acid leaching can be used to offset the reduction
bio-oil yield observed with torrefaction. Analysis of the pyrolysis gases showed that the
carbon dioxide content decreased for all three pretreated woods. The bio-oil products
were analysed by 1H NMR spectroscopy, GPC, solvent fractionation, elemental content
and water content. All pretreatments resulted in reduced water production during fast
pyrolysis. The solvent fractionation and 1H NMR results revealed that acid leaching
significantly increased the sugars content in the bio-oil, while the torrefaction
pretreatment reduced oxygen content and increased the lignins content in the bio-oil.
The pyrolysis char products were characterised by 13C NMR and FTIR spectroscopy,
scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The 13C
NMR and FTIR spectra of the four types of char showed no obvious differences with
the spectra indicating mainly fused carbon rings. SEM analysis indicated the char from
acid-leached wood was different in morphology to the other chars. Other results
revealed that char from torrefied wood contained less volatile material and had a higher
carbon content.
Acid leaching of pine wood was effective in increasing bio-oil yield and both acid
leaching and torrefaction could alter bio-oils composition to some extent. These
pretreatments are of interest for fast pyrolysis with zeolite catalyst which is the next
phase of research. The effects of pretreatments on catalytic fast pyrolysis will be
investigated.
45
OA11
Assessment of Sulfide Concentration Effects on the Growth and
Removal by Bacillus cerues (ATCC 14579) in Orbital Shaker
Abd.Aziz Mohd Azoddien1, Mani Malam Ahmad1*, Mior Ahmad Khusairi bin Mohd
Zahari1, Mazrul Nizam bin Abu Seman1 and Mohammad Saedi Jami2
1
Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang

(UMP), Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
2
Faculty of Engineering, Department of Biotechnology Engineering, International
Islamic University, Malaysia (IIUM), Gombak, 50728, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Continuous generation and release of Hydrogen sulfide from multiple domestic

and industrial discharged effluents has become a major source of worry among
environmentalist due to its toxicity and contaminative nature. In this study, the identity
of a wild-type Bacillus cereus (ATCC 14579), was established using 16Sr RNA
sequence as well its sulfide biodegradation potential in an incubator shake flask using
a single milieu composition under a defined operational parameters. Growth and sulfide
reduction efficiency was measured spectrophotometrically under optimum physical
conditions of pH, temperature, acclimatization time and agitation. Sulfide reduction
was overwhelmingly recorded at three different sulfide loading rates of 200mM S2- L-1
d-1, 300mM S2- L-1 d-1 and 500mM S2- L-1 d-1 with corresponding appreciable cell growth
measured at OD600nm. The obtained results indicated that it was possible to realised
sulfide removal efficiency of 95% to 99% using B. cereus strain in an orbital shake
flask within 24hrs, as well 65% to 78% within the first 6hrs of inoculation. Overall,
sulfide was reduced by 95% in 200 mM, and 300 mM, 99% was recorded in 500 mM
respectively. On the other hand, the corresponding growth was 3.00 OD600nm, 2.953
OD600nm and 2.687 OD600nm in 200pmm, 500ppm and 300ppm concentration
respectively. Based on this finding, it was clear that this inoculum can be employed to
treat sulfide contaminated wastewater even at higher range under simple environmental
and operational conditions.
Keywords: Bioremediation, sulfide synthetic wastewater, bacteria, co-culture shaker

46
OA12
The effect of monoglyceride polymorphism on low-temperature
properties of biodiesel fuel
Yuitsu Sugami1, Shinichiro Yoshidomi1, Eiji Minami1, Noriko Shisa2, Hitoshi
Hayashi2, Shiro Saka1
1
2
Material Engineering Division, Toyota Motor Corporation, Japan
The cloud point of biodiesel refers to the temperature at which precipitates begin
to form and the fuel becomes cloudy during the specified cooling procedure. Although
cloud point is widely believed as an important low-temperature property of biodiesel,
precipitates are often observed even at a higher temperature than the cloud point during
its storage. Such precipitated products are known to consist largely of monoglyceride,
which is an intermediate compound caused by incomplete reaction on its production
process. In addition, monoglyceride can take several crystalline forms such as , and
types due to its polymorphism and each has relatively high melting point ( < < ).
This fact might make the low-temperature properties of biodiesel complicated. In this
study, therefore, the precipitation behabior of monoglyceride was elucidated focusing
on the effect of monoglyceride polymorphism. A series of model fuels was prepared by
adding small amount of 1-monopalmitin to methyl oleate in various concentrations,
since they are major monoglyceride and methyl ester in biodiesel, respectively. First,
as a result of cloud point measurement for each sample, it was found that the cloud
point was close to the temperature at which -type monopalmitin begins to form. On
the other hand, each sample was placed in an incubator kept at constant temperature
higher than cloud point but lower than the melting point of -type monopalmitin. After
storage for few weeks, precipitations could be observed in almost cases. The obtained
precipitate was directly analyzed with liquid phase by X-ray diffraction. As a result, the
diffraction pattern was not clear at the first stage of the precipitation. However the
diffraction pattern became more clear when the strage time was prolonged and seemed
to be similar to that of -type monopalmitin. These lines of evidence indicate that cloud
point relates with -type monoglyceride. On the other hand, the precipitates formed at
higher temperature than cloud point relates with -type monoglyceridem, even though
its crystal seems to glow slowly in biodiesel. It implies that cloud point is no longer
suitable as an index of low-temperature property of biodiesel.
Keywords: Biodiesel; Cloud point; Monoglyceride; Polymorphism.
47
Parallel Session B-1: Bio-based Materials and Chemicals

KB1
Agricultural biorefinery development of high value bio-based
materials from agricultural bio-resources
Chunbao (Charles) Xu
Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering
Institute for Chemicals and Fuels from Alternative Resources (ICFAR)
Western University
An integrated biorefining process has been developed to utilize two major agroresources, i.e., starch from crops (e.g., corn/ wheat/potato) and cellulose/lignin from
crop residues (e.g., wheat straw/cornstalk) or other agricultural biomass such as
switchgrass and mithcanthus, for high-value bioproducts.
In this process, crop
residues or other lignocellulosic biomasses are first cost-effectively fractionated into

lignin and cellulose. The crop-residue derived lignin was then used as raw materials for
the synthesis of bio-based polyurethane (BPU) resins and bio-based phenol
formaldehyde (BPF) resins for various industrial applications such as adhesives, and
insulation materials, etc. Furthermore, other bio-based materials including
starch/cellulose acetates and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) were produced from
starch and cellulose derived from crop residues, for applications in polymer composites
and as dispersants/surfactants.
48
KB2
Urban Wastewater Treatment with Algae for Energy and
Nutrient Recovery
Nirmal Khandan1 , Shanka Henkanatte-Gedera2, Mohsen Karbakhsh3
1
Civil Engineering Dept, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, USA
Global trends of population growth, rapid urbanization, scarcity of resources,

energy insecurity, and depletion of freshwater resources are driving scientists and
engineers to seek viable and energy-efficient alternatives to sustain the urban
infrastructure. Traditional urban wastewater (UWW) treatment infrastructure continues
to depend on obsolete, multistage technologies that are energy-intensive and
unsustainable. Currently, urban wastewater is being viewed as a potential source for
reclaiming energy, water and nutrients for beneficial use rather than mineralizing
valuable carbon and nutrients to gaseous by products and dissipating them into the
environment.
This paper reports on a single-step, algal-based wastewater treatment system
where the selected strain, Galdieria sulphuraria, is shown to be capable of
photoautotrophic and heterotrophic metabolism for simultaneous removal of dissolved
organic carbon and nutrients from UWWs. Laboratory scale studies followed by pilot
scale demonstrations of this concept have proven Galdieria sulphurarias capability of
removing BOD and nutrients to the required discharge standards in a single-step.
Downstream processing of the resulting biomass by hydrothermal liquefaction is
demonstrated as a feasible process for recovering the nutrients in the UWW for use as
fertilizers. Data from the outdoor pilot scale system will be presented to show that this
algal-based approach yields more than double the net electrical energy than the
traditional heterotrophic bacterial based system through anaerobic digestion.
Keywords: Wastewater treatment; algal system, BOD removal, nutrient removal,
energy recovery.
49
OB1
Production of Acetonitrile via Thermo-catalytic Conversion and
Ammonization of Microalgae over Zeolites
Ying Zhang1*, Qian Yao1, Lujiang Xu1
Dept. of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
In this study, for first time we demonstrated that acetonitrile can be directly and
selectively produced by thermo-catalytic conversion of microalgae with ammonia over
zeolite catalysts. The lipid-lean green microalgae (e.g. Chlorella vulgaris) was served
as raw material. The parameters influencing the catalyst performance (metal doping,
metal loading, different zeolites) were studied thoroughly. In addition, the reaction
parameters (e.g. reaction temperature, residence time, ammonia content etc.) were also
investigated. Under the optimized conditions, the highest total carbon yield of pyrolytic
bio-oil and acetonitrile was 30.3% and 23.4%, respectively. The selectivity of
acetonitrile in the pyrolytic bio-oil was up to 77.2%. The catalysts were characterized
by N2 adsorption/desorption, XRD, XRF and NH3-TPD. The reaction pathway from
microalgae to acetonitrile was further studied. The thermo-catalytic conversion and
ammonization makes microalgae biorefineries one step closer to economic and
environmental feasibility.
Keywords: Microalgae; Acetonitrile; Thermo-catalytic conversion; Ammonization;

Zeolites
50
OB2
Effect of Nutritional and Environmental parameters on the
Vegetative Growth of Alpine Strain of Haematococcus pluvialis
Nilanjana Mazumdar and Peter A. Gostomski
Dept. of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch,
New Zealand.
The green alga Haematococcus pluvialis is a natural source of astaxanthin, a
supreme antioxidant, used widely in aquaculture, pharmaceutical and cosmetic
industries. The growth of H. pluvialis in the vegetative phase prior to astaxanthin
production is one of the most crucial parts in the whole cultivation process. In this study
the effects of culture medium, pH, vitamins, temperature, various nitrogen sources and
aeration rates were investigated for maximum production of biomass in the vegetative
phase. A strain of H. pluvialis isolated from an alpine environment was evaluated in
this study. A maximum cell density of 6 x 105 cells/mL and a doubling time of 3 - 4
days was obtained using a modified MLA medium, using 2X NaNO3 (4 mM) in an airlift reactor. A pH window of 6 7 and temperatures between 10 18 C were best suited
for growth. Higher pH values and temperatures induced secondary stress by reducing
growth rate by 35% and producing morphological changes in the motile vegetative cells
through loss of flagella and increase in cell diameter.
The vitamin mix consisting of thiamine, biotin, and cyanocobalamin improved cell
density by 25% over the vitamin-free medium. The best nitrogen source for growth was
NH4Cl (2 mM) however it required active pH control due to acidification. An almost
comparable cell density of 4 x 104 cells/mL in shake flasks were obtained using NaNO3
(4 mM), without pH control because the pH rise associated with nitrate uptake was
partially off-set by CO2 uptake. The shear sensitive vegetative cells preferred low
aeration rate of 200 mL/min when cultivated in airlift photobioreactor.
A gradual
increase of aeration rate by 10% every three days in a 1.5 L airlift photobioreactor
produced the best growth. A higher aeration rate of 600 mL/min reduced cell growth
significantly and caused cell death due to shear stress.
Keywords: Haematococcus pluvialis; growth; culture medium; vitamin; nitrogen;
aeration.
51
OB3
High performance hybrid membranes for separation of CO2
from biogas
Liang Ma, Yongqin Lv*, Frantisek svec*, Tianwei Tan*
International Research Center for Soft Matter, Beijing University of chemical
technology, Beijing, China.
Membrane-based technologies enabling removal of CO2 from biogas promise high

separation efficiency while being less capital and energy intensive compared to other
common methods. However, polymer membranes suffer from an inherent trade-off
between permeability and selectivity, which limits their performances. Great efforts
have been made by adding porous nanomaterials such as metal organic frameworks
(MOFs) into polymer membranes. These hybrid membranes feature enhanced
separation performances thanks to their dual transport pathways as the crystalline
porous structure of MOFs is more amenable to molecular diffusion in comparison to
polymers. In our work, we successfully synthesized a new type of hybrid membrane
composing
cross-linked poly(ethylene glycol) and metal-organic framework
nanoparticles. Their surface morphologies, crytallinity, and thermal stabilities were

characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and
thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The gas transport properties of tailored hybrid
membranes were investigated by a constant volume and variable pressure method using
mixed gas. After optimization of the synthetic conditions, we discovered that the hybrid
membrane containing 30 wt% UiO-66 could significantly increase the permeability by
200%, from 120 barrer to 360 barrer. This will provide a new approach to designing
advanced membranes that are well suited for separation of CO2 from biogas in real
applications.
Keywords: CO2; Biogas; Membrane separation; Poly(ethylene glycol); Metal-organic

framework.
52
OB4
Prediction of the solidification temperature of biodiesel model fuel
studied with the solid-liquid equilibrium
Shinichiro Yoshidomi1, Yuitsu Sugami1, Eiji Minami1, Noriko Shisa2, Hitoshi
Hayashi2, Shiro Saka1 *
1
2
Material Engineering Division, Toyota Motor Corporation, Japan
Fatty acid methyl ester is being used as biodiesel, which is produced from plant
oils by transesterification with methanol. However, biodiesel often contains a small
amount of monoglycerides as intermediate compounds, which have higher melting
points than their methyl esters. Such monoglycerides usually solidify at low
temperatures, which lead to plugging the fuel filter. In this study, therefore, a
thermodynamic prediction of the temperature for its solidification was discussed based
on the solid-liquid equilibria for various mixtures of fatty acid methyl esters and
monoglycerides. The binary or multicomponent mixtures were prepared by using
methyl ester and 1-monoglyceride such as oleate and methyl laurate as major methyl
esters, 1-monopalmitin and 1-monolaurin as major monoglycerides, from rapeseed and
coconut oils, respectively, in various combinations and concentrations. The
solidification temperature and molar enthalpy of melting were measured by differential
scanning calorimetry (DSC) for each mixture. On the other hand, the theoretical values
of the solidification temperatures were also calculated based on the solid-liquid
equilibrium by using the modified UNIFAC (Dortmund) model. As a result, the
theoretical and experimental results were consistently found in a good agreement each
other. In addition, activity coefficients calculated by the modified UNIFAC model
indicate that a combination of methyl esters behaves as an ideal solution, whereas a
combination of methyl esters and monoglycerides do as a non-ideal one. Consequently,
the solidification temperature was accurately predicted, based on the solid-liquid
equilibrium with the modified UNIFAC model.
Keywords: Solid-liquid equilibrium; Fatty acid methyl ester; Monoglyceride;
Modified UNIFAC
53
OB5
Separation of Binary Solution at Different Concentration of
Feed and Ratio Using Desal-5DK Nanofiltration Membrane
Hafizuddin W. Yussof1*, Fatihah M. Roli1, Syed M. Saufi1, Mazrul N. Abu Seman1,
Abdul W. Mohammad2
1
Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Malaysia
2
Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built

Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia
Most of the sugar separation from raw juice in sugar industry is performed by
chromatography to purify the products due to fairly similiar physicochemical properties
between monosaccharides. This present work discuss the possibility of using
nanofiltration in separation of pentose sugar (xylose) from hexose sugar (glucose) as
an alternative to chromatography. The aim of this present work is to investigate the
separation effect of binary solution (xylose-glucose mixture) at different feed
concentration, and ratio concentration using pilot scale spiral wound membrane system.
The experimental work was carried out at 5 g/L and 10 g/L feed concentration. The
ratio concentration of xylose to glucose was prepared at 70:30, 30:70 and 50:50. The
pilot scale spiral wound membrane system was equipped with Desal-5 DK commercial
nanofiltration membrane. Filtration was done in total reflux mode (both permeate and
retentate were recycled back to the feed tank) at 37C and the applied pressure was 10
bar. The results indicate that the highest rejection of glucose and xylose was obtained
in high feed concentration of 10 g/L at 84.06% and 68.43% respectively, with 30:70
ratio concentration between xylose to glucose. In addition, the highest xylose separation
factor was obtained at 2.01. The feed concentration and ratio concentration of xylose to
glucose had an influence on xylose retention and xylose separation factor. At high feed
concentration, the xylose separation factor has increased as the proportion of glucose
was higher than xylose. This due to large amount of glucose molecules pushes the
xylose molecules to pass though the nanofiltration membrane. Overall, it shows the
potential of using nanofiltration membrane in separation of xylose from glucose, as an
alternative to chromatographic processes.
Keywords: Nanofiltration; Xylose; Glucose; Desal-5 DK; Separation factor.
54
Parallel Session B-2: Bio-based Materials and Chemicals - II

KB3
Production of aviation biofuel from lignocellulosic feedstock by
aqueous-phase catalysis
Longlong Ma, Lungang Chen
Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
As a result of limited fossil fuel reserves and strict environmental regulations, there is an
urgent demand for renewable fuel production from non-edible lignocellulosic biomass. Since
the pioneering work on the production of liquid alkanes by aqueous-phase processing of
biomass-derived carbohydrates proposed by Dumesic group, recent studies on this
lignocellulosic biomass reaction have attracted intensive interest. In current study, we proposed
the production process of aviation biofuel from lignocellulosic feedstocks, such as cornstalk
and sorghum stalk.This conversion process includes some consecutive steps: acid-catalyzed
steam stripping-hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass to platform compounds such as furans
and levulinic acid, base-catalyzed aldol condensation of platform compounds to form the
oxygenated hydrocarbons with the increased carbon-chain length (C10+), and the subsequent
hydrogenation/hydrodeoxygenation(HDO) of condensation products to liquid alkanes (C8-C15)
over the supported metal multifunctional catalysts. As shown in Fig.1, the integrated aviation
biofuel synthesis system in the pilot-scale facilities is made up of four main units: platform
compound production, aldol condensation, hydrotreating and waste treatment.
Fig.1 Flowsheet for the integrated aviation biofuel synthesis system from lignocellulosic
feedstock
Keywords: lignocellulose, aviation biofuel
55
KB4
Technologies For Liquid Biofuels And Biopolymers
Paul Bennett and Florian Graichen, Scion Research, New Zealand
Paul Bennett and Florian Graichen

Manufacturing and Bioproducts, Scion, Rotorua, New Zealand
The world is witnessing a major shift towards products, materials, chemicals and
fuels made from renewable resources.
Scion, a New Zealand Crown Research
Institute, offers New Zealands leading research capability in techenologies relevant to

the emerging bio- and circular economies - creating new biobased materials, energy
products and green chemicals.
The rise of industrial biotechnology globally reflects
an increasing shift away from modern industrial practices that rely heavily on the use
of fossil fuels, man-made chemicals and non renewable materials.
Scion undertakes research into a range of bioenergy and biofuels applications, and
the development of key activities across the whole production chain, from resource
establishment through to product development.
This is complemented by extensive
research and development of biochemicals, biopolymers and bioproducts.
It is
becoming increasingly apparent that products and energy need to work together to
create true impact and delivery business proposition, with biochemicals and polymers
driving the value and bioenergy delivering the volume and feedstock.
This presentation will overview Scions activities in the biorefining and
bioeconomy sector.
Keywords: Biorefining, Biofuels, Bioenergy, Biochemicals and Bioplastics.
56
OB6
Mechanism of adsorption and desorption of cellulase'
carbohydrate-binding modules and its application
Xu Fang1*, Baojie Jiang1, Dan Feng1, Suhao Niu1
State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong

University, Jinan, China
Cellulases consist of catalytic domain (CD) and carbohydrate-binding modules

(CBMs) as well as linker which linked the two parts together. CBMs recognize and
adsorb on cellulose. However, CBMs also bind lignin non-productively during
enzymatic hydrolysis. Thus, it is vital to reduce the adsorption of CBMs onto lignin for
improving the cellulases hydrolysis efficiency.
We fused CBM, green-florescent protein (GFP) with linker of CBHI from
Trichoderma reesei. The fused protein was named GLC (GFP linked CBM). The
negative charge of GLC was increased by saturation mutagenesis. We proved that the
adsorption of GLC onto AICSL (Acid Insoluble Corn Stover Lignin) was decreased as
the negative charge of GLC increased. Moreover, the hydrolysis efficiency of CBHIs
variant was higher than that of CBHI when microcellulose was mixed with AICSL.
We tried to decrease the adsorption of GLC onto AICSL by adding chemicals. We
chose five additives in this study. We proved that the hydrolysis efficiencies of CBHIs
variants also were enhanced after addition of chemicals with positive charge.
Keywords: lignocelluloses, lignin, filamentous fungi, cellulase, CBMs, CBHI
57
OB7
Experimental Research on Syngas Generation by Chemical-looping
Gasification of Wheat Straw Using Fe2O3 as Oxygen Carriers
Jianjun Hu1,2*,Chong Li1,2, Dun Li1,2, Qianhui Guo1,2,Shuheng Zhao1,2
Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomass Energy,Henan Agricultural

University,Henan Province Zhengzhou, China
Key Laboratory of New Materials and Facilities for Rural Renewable Energy,
Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou, China
In the homemade Chemical looping gasification of biomass reaction device with

N2 as carrier gas, complex oxygen carrier Fe2O3 / Al2O3s effects on Chemical-looping
Gasification of wheat straw were studied. The effects of reaction temperature and the
presence of oxygen carrier on the syngas compositionH2 / CO, gas yield, and carbon
conversion were examined. The experimental results show that with the increasing of
temperature during biomass gasification, the concentration of H2 and CO all shows the
tendency of rising,
while that of CO2 and CH4 declines slightly. The gas yield is
gradually increasing in the process of gasification, but the carbon conversion presents
the first increase after the decrease trend. And with the increasing of reaction
temperature, the H2 / CO ratio reduces after rising first, and it meets its maximum 0.98
in 850 , the relative concentrations of H2 and CO in the syngas gradually
increases.The presence of oxygen carriers can significantly increase the gas yield, and
it is conducive to the improvement of the H2 and CO concentrations in the syngas
composition.
Keywords: Wheat straw; Chemical-looping Gasification; Temperature; Syngas; Oxygen Carriers.
58
OB8
Optimization of Mechanical Properties of Silver Nanoparticles
(AgNPs)-Loaded Chitosan/Polylactic acid (PLA) Biofilms by
Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)
Mazrul Nizam Abu Seman1, Aznizan Shaari1, Che Ku Mohd Faizal2
1
Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Natural Resources,

Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Pahang, Malaysia
2
Faculty of Engineering Technology,
Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Pahang, Malaysia
Fabrication of silver nanoparticles-loaded chitosan-polylactic acid based biofilms

was successfully employed for investigating the optimal of mechanical properties (i.e.
tensile strength and elongation at break) of biofilms using central composite design
(CCD) response surface methodology (RSM). In this study, only two factors that
influences the biofilm mechanical properties were selected namely concentration of
polyethelene glycol 400 (PEG) and percentage volume of polylactic acid
(PLA)/chitosan. Analysis of results was performed by using response surface
methodology (RSM) to avoid the traditional one-factor-at-a-time experiments.
Common statistical tools such as analysis of variance (ANOVA) and response surface
plot were used to determine the optimal tensile strength and elongation at break
responses. Central composite design (CCD) builds a response surface for mechanical
properties of biofilms optimization. From the results of statistical analysis, it could be
concluded that the optimal conditions for mechanical properties of biofilms were 7.93%
w/w concentration of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and 28.79%/71.21% percentage
volume of polylactic acid (PLA)/chitosan. At this optimum stage, 8.32 MPa of tensile
strength and 32.15 % elongation at break were obtained. Then, results of verification
process have shown that the percentage errors are 2.08% for tensile strength and 3.89%
elongation at break, respectively.
Keywords: Biofilms; Mechanical Properties; Optimization; Response Surface

Methodology.
59
OB9
Highly Selective Production of Renewable p-Xylene from
Biomass Derived 2,5-Dimethylfuran over Sulfonyl Modified
Aerosil
Xinqiang Feng1, Chun Shen1, Chenchen Tian1, Tianwei Tan1*
Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery,
College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology,

Beijing, China
Aimed at highly selective production of renewable p-xylene (PX) from biomassderived 2,5-dimethylfuran, we especially designed and prepared sulfonic acid group
modified aerosil acting as a novel and efficient catalyst. As one kind of the most widely
used Brnsted acid, sulfonic propyl groups showed comparable acid strength with HBeta zeolite, and they were immobilized on the surface of mesoporous aerosol
providing catalytic active sites. Density of sulfonic acid group in the whole composite
was highly adjustable ranging from 4.7 to 313.4 mol/g. The reaction was greatly
enhanced by weakening the influence of internal diffusion. The proper acid and
structure of the as-prepared catalyst contributed to the high activity and good stability
for producing renewable PX: the selectivity of 90% and the carbon balance of 95%
were obtained at 523 K, and the PX selectivity just decreased from 88% to 83% after
three cycles. Overall, this new reusable catalyst provided an alternative for highly
efficient production of renewable PX.
Keywords: Renewable p-xylene; Aerosil supported with sulfonic acid groups;

Catalytic performance.
60
OB10
Screening of Biorefinery Options for Forest and Wood
Processing Residues using P-Graph
Martin J. Atkins, Benjamin H. Y. Ong, Timothy G. Walmsley, Michael R. W.
Walmsley, James R. Neale
Energy Research Centre, School of Engineering, University of Waikato, Hamilton,
New Zealand
Forest and wood processing residues and waste are likely to become a significant
feedstock to large scale biorefineries to produce both renewable fuels and chemicals.
Maximising the economic value of these residues whilst simultaneously minimising the
environmental impact of the manufactured product is an important task in process and
product selection and design. Multiple processing and product pathways exist and it is
often unclear what the best options are without detailed assessment or preliminary
design.
P-graph (or process graph) is graph-theoretic approach to process synthesis based
on rigorous and robust axioms and algorithms. The graphical representation of the
numerous process networks or pathways is unambiguous and the problem formulation
and LP solver algorithm of P-graph of allows for complex problems to be optimised
very efficiently. The P-graph framework was used to examine the economically
feasibility of utilising five types of wood processing residues: wood chip, pulp logs,
saw dust, and landing and cutover residues. Twenty different products were considered,
based on three main production platforms or routes, sugars, pyrolysis, and gasification.
Kraft pulp production and energy products were also considered as viable options for
residues. Only six of the products considered were found to be profitable with the most
economically viable uses being kraft pulp production and boiler fuel. Products included
in the feasible solutions and the source of residues are all finely balanced, and slight
changes in feedstock cost, product price, and operational and capital costs can cause
major changes to the feasible structures. When heat integration for using Total Site was
incorporated into the P-graph there was no economic benefit for the routes and scale of
production considered here.
Keywords: Biorefinery, Process Integration
61
OB11
Thermal Treatment of Biomass using CaO/CuO composites for
H2 production
Lunbo Duan, Jian Chen, Cai Liang, Changsui Zhao
Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control Ministry of Education

School of Energy and Environment Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China;
Using CaO/CuO composites as a catalyst in the thermal conversion process of

biomass for H2 production can achieve inherent CO2 capture and O2 transportation
simultaneously, which represents a novel technology combining biomass energy
conversion simultaneously with carbon capture and sequestration (CCS). In this study,
CaO/CuO composites were manufactured by a commercial mechanical granulator.
Subsequently, fast pyrolysis experiments of rice straw with the composite material were
conducted in a pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) to
investigate the influence of the catalyst type and amount used on the pyrolysis products.
Results show the CaO/CuO composites demonstrate both CO2 fixation and O2
transportation abilities. The CaO in the composites can completely capture the CO2 and
promote the decomposition of the tar during the pyrolysis process. CuO in the
composites can successfully transfer O2 to the gas products as confirmed by increased
production of compounds with oxygen-containing functional groups. The study clearly
demonstrates the CO2 capture and O2 transportation abilities of such bi-functional
CaO/CuO composites.
Keywords: CaO/CuO composites; Rice Straw; H2 production; CO2 fixation; O2

transportation
62
OB12
Logistic and Supply of Rice Straw: A Glance at Rice Straw
Collection Model (BIOCOL)
Shuhaida Harun1, Jamaliah Md Jahim1, Mohd Sobri Takriff1, Osman Hassan2, Bruce
E Dale3
1
Dept. of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment,
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
2School
of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
3Department
of Chemical Engineering and Material Sciences,

Michigan State University, USA
This paper describes a BIOCOL model developed to simulate the actual rice straw
collection activity in one of the areas in Selangor, Malaysia. It is important to
understand the actual rice straw collection and model that activity since it allows for
analyzing and optimizing the straw collection for further straw utilization in the rice
straw processing facility (RSPF). The simulation model is based on the
concept/framework from the published references, and validated using the actual
collection practice in the rice field. Using actual collection capacities, the average land
area covered by the private company based on area cut and cleaning in June 2010
reached about 5.0% of the total land area available. BIOCOL also had similar predicted
average value of 4.4% of the total area available. Based on the baling capacities in June
2010, BIOCOL also predicted an average rice straw bale production of 248 bales/day
could be collected with the current collection capacity. This was slightly higher by 5.5%
than the actual average bale production, which was about 235 bales/day. BIOCOL also
predicted that an average of 91.8 MTPD of rice straw was completely bale as compared
to actual average of 94.0 MTPD of rice straw that were completely baled.
Keywords: Rice straw; Collection; Model; Land area; Baling
63
Parallel Session C-1: Conversion Technologies

KC1
Reducing enzyme cost by medium and process optimization for
commercialization of integrated lignocellulosic biorefinery
Yinbo Qu1,2, Xiaolong Han1, Xuezhi Li1, Jian Zhao1,
1State
Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, and 2National glycoengineering Research Center,

Shandong University, China
The integrated corncob biorefinery had been proposed by our laboratory, and a
facility was estabolished by LongLive Company to produce xylooligosaccharides (or
xylitol), cellulosic ethanol and lignin together from corncobs. However, the supply of
corncobs and small market for xylose products limits ethanol production by such
aprocess. Meanehile, another local company, Shandong Tranlin Group, has developed
a set of technologies to produce large amount of pulp and paper through the ammonium
sulfite process, which consumes million tons of wheat straw or corn stover and coproduces fulvic acids from the spent sulfite liquor as fertilizer and biostimulant for plant
growth. To improve pulp quality, about one third of feedstock (straw clippings or chaffs)
is separated and purged out as waste. Therefore, a new process was proposed to produce
ethanol from the waste. In order to reduce the cost for cellulose saccharification,
cellulase was proposed to produce on-site by an overproducing mutant of Penicillium
oxalicum. The expression regulation network of cellulolytic enzymes in this fungus has
been rational redesigned (bgl2-creA-gpdA(p)::clrB) to increase its cellulase
production for more than 30 folds. The waste straw and wheat bran were used as main
medium components to make up a cheap medium for cellulase production. The spent
ammonium sulfite liquor containing various oligosaccharides, nitrogenous compounds
and other nutrients. It was fed into the fermentation system as nutrients to stimulate cell
growth, and as inducers to increase cellulase productivity, which substantially saved
cellulase production cost. Furthermore, xylose in the hydrolysate was also fermented to
ethanol by a metabolically engineered yeast strain to increase ethanol titer and yield
through the simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF) process. The
integrated pulp-ethanol-fertilizer biorefinery from crop residues shows broad
commercilization prospects.
Keywords: cellulase cost; cheap medium; process optimizition; integrated biorefinery.
64
KC2
Advanced Bioethanol Production with Acetic Acid Fermentation
from Lignocellulosics
Shiro Saka, Eiji Minami, Harifara Rabemanolontsoa, Haruo Kawamoto
A process for the innovative bioethanol production which involves hotcompressed water treatment of lignocellulosics coupled with acetic acid fermentation
and subsequent catalytic hydrogenolysis was developed in a bench-scale level. First,
the semi-flow hot-compressed water treatment was designed in order to hydrolyze
lignocellulosics into various products such as oligo- and mono-saccharides, their
decomposed compounds and lignin-derived products. These various compounds are to
be anaerobically fermented by free and immobilized co-cultures of Clostridium
thermoaceticum and Clostridium thermocellum using a batch-type fermenter with
controlled pH. It was consequently found that the immobilized co-culture can ferment
compounds more effectively than free co-culture to have more than 35g/l of acetic acid
at pH of 6.8. Finally, the obtained acetic acid aqueous solution was successfully
converted to bioethanol directly via catalytic hydrogenolysis reaction with Lewis acidsupported catalyst (Ru-Sn/TiO2). This process consists of a promising technique for
efficient bioethanol production from lignocellulosics without CO2 emission. To
evaluate a potential of this process, it was compared with the conventional alcoholic
fermentation process, and found out that, although the conventional process can
produce only 40ML bioethanol from 0.14Mt of dried Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria
japonica), this newly-developed process can produce 100ML bioethanol.
Keywords: Bioethanol production; Lignicellulosics; Acetic acid fermentation;

hydrogenolysis
65
OC1
A novel reactor design and associated process for biomass fast
pyrolysis
Jianlong Li1 , Pan Zhang2, Guanghui Chen1, Weiwen Wang1 Zisheng Zhang
College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology,

53 Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao 266042, China
2
College of Electromechanical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and

Technology, 99 Songling Road, Qingdao 266069, China
Fast biomass pyrolysis for the production of liquid fuels is of great interest
sustainable development and has been developed considerably over the last forty
years. A number of new reactor designs and processes have been developed and
investigated to cost- and energy- efficiently and environmentally friendly produce
renewable liquid fuels, chemicals and derived products, although a widely acceptable
equipment and process is still being sought. In this presentation, we introduce to
colleagues our new design of downdraft reactor and the associated process for fast
biomass pyrolysis, taking straw as an example. The novel pyrolysis reactor, called
downdraft pyrolysis reactor, should meet the demands of very high heating rates and
short vapor residence time of the pyrolysis vapors. In the new process, a heatintegration technology was used to minimize the energy requirements. Experimental
results proofed that the new system simultaneously realized high heating rates, high
heat transfer rates, elaborate reaction temperature control, short residence time of the
pyrolysis vapors, rapid product removal, as well as fast product cooling. These
indicate the great potential to develop the new reactor design into a commercially
viable technology.
Key words: biomass; fast pyrolysis; pyrolysis process; pyrolysis reactor
66
OC2
The Solar Fuels Research Program within the Australian Solar
Thermal Research Initiative (ASTRI) Solar Hybridised Dual
Fluidised Bed Gasification
Woei L. Saw1, Peijun Guo1, Philip J. van Eyk1, Peter J. Ashman1, Graham J. Nathan2
Centre for Energy Technology, Schools of Chemical1 and Mechanical2 Engineering,

The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
The advanced concentrated solar thermal (CST) technologies being developed in

the Australian Solar Thermal Research Initiative (ASTRI) can be applied for electricity
generation and production of chemical fuels. ASTRI is an eight-year research program
supported by the Australian Government, through the Australian Renewable Energy
Agency (ARENA). The ASTRI program is a consortium of leading Australian
universities and CSIRO, and in close partnership with several international
collaborators. In particular, this solar fuels research program within ASTRI aims at
demonstrating production of liquid fuels to increase the share of CST in Australias
energy supply and lower greenhouse gases emissions.
With a vast array of possible processes and parameters involved in the conversion
of solar heat to liquid fuels, a key part of this project has been to identify and prioritise
potential pathways. A number chemical pathways, using various feedstock, are being
developed and analysed.
These include low cost fossil fuels, biomass, CO2 and H2O.
One of the technologies being developed to support these processes is a solar hybridised
dual fluidised bed gasifier for processing of dry solid feedstocks, such as lignite,
biomass or their mixture. The overall aim of this paper is to estimate the cost of the
production of a drop-in solar fuel (interchangeable with convention fuels) that can be
chosen as realistic target with a goal to produce liquid fuels at a cost well below
AUD1.50/L (excise-free at the gate of the plant) in Australia.
Keywords: Concentrated solar thermal; gasification; fluidised bed; liquid fuels.

67
OC3
Enhancing methane production from air-dried corn stover using
mesophilic-hydrothermal-thermophilic digestion
Dong Li1,2,3, Qingjing Wang1, Xiaofeng Liu1*
Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental
Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology,

Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu China
2
Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province,
Nanjing, China
Guangdong Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research, Development

and Application, Guangzhou, China
Mesophilichydrothermal (80160C, 30 min)thermophilic (MHT) digestion

and control tests of mesophilic (M), thermophilic (T), hydrothermalmesophilic (H
M), and mesophilicthermophilic digestion (MT) of air-dried corn stover were
conducted in bottle (500 mL) tests over a 20-day fermentation period. The results
showed that MHT is an efficient method for improving methane production when the
hydrothermal temperature was more than 100C, and a maximum methane yield was
obtained using the M (4 days)H (140C)T (16 days) process. During the bench-scale
(20 L) amplification experiment over a 25-day fermentation period, a methane yield of
308 mL/g volatile solid was obtained for M140T, which was 24%, 15%, and 27%
higher than the yields of M, T, and 140-M. The enhanced methane production was
attributed to 1) improved hemicellulose degradation and lignin disorganization; 2)
prevention of the degradation of soluble sugar, easily hydrolysed hemicellulose, and
cellulose into furfural and methylfurfural; and 3) lack of formation of Maillard reaction
products during initial hydrothermal treatment.
Keywords: Anaerobic digestion; Chemical composition; Corn stover; Hydrothermal

treatment; Methane yield.
68
Parallel Session C-2: Pretreatment Technologies

KC3
Macroalgal biorefinery: Adding value to an emerging
marine resource
Christopher M.M. Franco a,b, Andrew J. Lorbeera,b, Wei Zhanga,b, Suvimol
Charoensiddhi a,b, Peng Sua,b,
a
Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, School of Medicine, Flinders

University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
b
Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Flinders University,
Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
Beach-cast Seaweed is ubiquitous and abundant along Australias southern
coastline, with the area known for its high species diversity and endemism. Yet seaweed
remains a dormant natural resource, but one with great potential to be developed as a
food or as a feedstock for industry utilization. The aim of our project was to develop
advanced processing technologies to produce higher value products with zero waste
and to evaluate their integration into a biorefinery that is both environmentally and
commercially sustainable.
A recent survey revealed that the harvestable beach-cast seaweed in the south-east
of South Australia was taxonomically diverse and highly variable across multiple time
scales. A brown seaweed, Ecklonia radiata, was selected as the model feedstock due to
its abundance, potential for aquaculture, and possession of compounds of commercial
interest.
Seaweed biomass can be processed to produce the polysaccharides alginate and
fucoidan, as well as a converted into at fertilizer. Existing processes were tested for
their extraction efficiency: for example, when the kinetics of a classical extraction
process of fucoidan were studied, only 22% of the total available fucoidan was
extracted from E. radiata, accompanied by a gradual reduction in purity, cleavage of
sulfate groups, and rapid depolymerization
A sequential extraction process was devised, based around the acidic extraction of
fucoidans and the sodium carbonate extraction of alginates. Further, the application of
response surface methodology and desirability functions were used to predict the
optimum conditions in the overall process for improved yields of both polymers.
Three other brown algae: Durvillaea potatorum, Seirococcus axillaris, and Macrocystis
pyrifera, were subjected to the optimized process and the products were assessed for
key indicators of value. For E. radiata, fucoidans demonstrated the ability to
stimulate the proliferation of human skin fibroblasts; the alginate from S. axillaris had
strong gel-forming capacity; and the alginate extract of M. pyrifera was lightly colored
and highly viscous.
A techno-economic analysis was performed to assess the potential industrial
69
production of fertilizers, fucoidans and alginates, the sequence of extraction, and

seaweed source, in a macroalgal biorefinery. The integrated production of fucoidans
and fertilizers from M. pyrifera was predicted to be the most profitable option. In a
scenario of limited biomass availability, the project could break even if a minimum of
140 dry tonnes of feedstock could be accessed annually.
The outcomes from this study are expected to guide the decision making, and
facilitate the development of an environmentally compatible, yet profitable marinebased industry in South Australia and contribute to the emerging blue economy.
70
KC4
Bioenergy crop must develop biobased economy: Paulownia for
South Eastern USA.
N. Joshee
Department of Plant Science/Graduate Program in Biotechnology
Agricultural Research Station, Fort Valley State University, Fort Valley, GA 31030.
Paulownia (Paulowniaceae) is a genus of deciduous hardwood trees of about nine
species from China. During past seven years we have studied various attributes of
Paulownia tree thorough research for deeper understanding of plant biology related to
biomass production and positive environmental and economic impact. Paulownia
species can be grown as short rotation, fast growing bioenergy and timber crop. State
of Georgia is a large agricultural state and focus of our research is to understand plant
biology and then develop revenue generating streams for rural communities. Emphasis
is also given to establish entire operation as a sustainable system to develop, harvest,
and process biomass resources and develop marketable additional products, such as
honey, animal feed pellets, wood pellets, and bioplastics / biocomposites, medicinal
bioactive compounds, and various types of teas. To meet the demand for elite clones,
systematic studies have been conducted to develop reliable and efficient in vitro
protocols. This process has been studied to address various phases during in vitro mass
production- shoot induction, shoot elongation, rooting, and acclimatization of
Paulownia elongata. We are also studying reproductive biology aspects like stigma
receptivity, pollination, pollen tube growth and fertilization leading to seed production.
For developing a tree with desired traits, we are evaluating transformation protocol for
P. elongata by screening various explants for their susceptibility to Agrobacterium
tumefaciens strain EHA105. Agrobacterium culture and transformation parameters
have also been optimized. There is an urgent need to develop a dedicated sustainable
biomass crop that is multipurpose in nature, providing various revenue generation
options. Through our research, we hope to establish Paulownia as an ideal bioenergy
crop that can be added to the growing areas with suitable climate.
Keywords: Biobased economy, bioplastics, in vitro production, genetic transformation
71
OC4
Conversion of Bamboo for Production of High Value Chemicals
Base On Components Separation
Jie Chang, Moli Sun, Yan Fu
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, China
Bamboo resource is considered as a candidate feedstock of biomass energy for its

high growth efficiency. In this study, bamboo was used as raw materials, the integrated
process of hydrothermal method and ionic liquid-ethanol-water system was designed.
Hydrothermal pretreatment was used to selectively stripping hemicellulose fraction in
bamboo, of which the process conditions was investigated. Subsequently, the
dissolution law of hydrolysis residue in ionic liquid-ethanol-water system and the
physicochemical properties of products were fully analyzed. Bamboo hemicellulose
was selective stripped by hydrothermal pretreatment. The optimum conditions were
concluded as follows: temperature 170 , reaction time 60 min, solid-liquid ratio 1:12
g/mL. The removal rate of hemicellulose was 82.88% and the retention rate of cellulose
was 97.39%. The main structure of bamboo water-soluble hemicellulose is xylan,
which is linked with arabinose and glucuronic acid as side chain. Hemicellulose
products have high purity with substantially free of lignin. Bamboo hydrolysis residue
dissolved in ionic liquid-ethanol-water system and lignin was extracted. The optimal
dissolution conditions were as follows: temperature 170 , reaction time 4 h,
[AMIM]OAc:C2H6O:H2O5:5:0.5(vol). Under this condition, the dissolution rate was
43.14%, the purity of crude cellulose and crude lignin products were 91.38% and 87.70%
respectively, and recovery rate of cellulose and lignin were 92.07% and 87.43 %. In the
same conditions for enzymatic hydrolysis, the substrate pretreated by the integrated
process achieved the highest saccharification rate of 82.87%, which was 2.66, 1.97,
1.44 times of the untreated bamboo and the only one step pretreated substrate (the
hydrothermal method or ionic liquid-ethanol-water system), respectively. This shows
that the integrated process could remove more hemicellulose and lignin, obtain a
substrate which is more susceptible to enzymatic hydrolysis, thereby increasing the
yield of fermentable sugars. The mild hydrogenation depolymerization of lignin
product was carried out, phenolic compounds in the form of C2C6 can be obtained.
Further optimized the conditions, there is expection to selectively produce high valueadded chemicals phenols.
Keywords: Bamboo; Components Separation; Conversion, lignin, high value
chemicals.
72
OC5
Pretreatment and catalytic conversion of hybrid pennisetum
over CeO2
Xuesong Tan, Yue Zhao, Xinshu Zhuang, Zhongming Wang, Zhenhong Yuan*
Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences,

Guangzhou, China;
Guangdong Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and
Development Guangzhou, China;
The performance of varies solid alkalis on pretreatment hybrid pennisetum was

investigated. Considering effects of lignin removal, enzymatic digestion and catalysts
recycle, the results show CeO2 has an outstanding performance. Under the optimal
conditions (27% cat. cont., 109 C, 21 L/S ratio, 105 min), the lignin removal rate and
enzymatic digestibility rate was 43.2% and 92.0%. Then the CeO2 catalyst sustained
good activity after reuse 5 times. By investigating the catalysts properties and
enzymolysis effects, it was found that the stronger of alkaline catalysts, the more
obvious of pretreatment effects. To enhance the yields of high value products, the
catalytic conversion of hybrid pennisetum over CeO2 was also studied. Products was
including phenolic compounds, furan derivatives, saccharides, etc. Under 27% cat.
cont., 270 C, 20 L/S ratio, 60 min, the single phenolic compounds yields up to 35.8%
(base on lignin contents) and total yields of oil phase products was 25.4%. Finally,
reaction mechanism for the catalytic conversion of hybrid pennisetum was proposed.
Keywords: Hybrid pennisetum; Solid alkali; Enzymatic hydrolysis; Degradation

products.
73
OC6
O2-ethanol organosolv pretreatment of sugar cane bagasse and
enzymatic hydrolysis
Xingkang Li1, Zhen Fang2*,
1
Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna

Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Biomass Group, College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, , China
Organosolv pretreatment simultaneously removes hemicellulose and lignin from

lignocellulosic biomass and thus greatly improves its enzymatic accessibility. A key
problem associated with organosolv pretreatment is catalyst. Addition of catalyst
significantly accelerates the organosolv process but also causes new problems, such as
equipment corrosion and environment pollution. Moreover, acid- or base-catalyzed
organosolv process may cause severe cellulose degradation.
In this study, a novel pretreatment method, O2-assisted ethanol organosolv
pretreatment of sugar cane bagasse was carried out. Influence of temperature, time,
ethanol concentration and O2 pressure on the composition and structure of sugar cane
bagasse was investigated. All pretreated residues were submitted to enzymatic
hydrolysis. At temperature of 160 , time of 60 min, O2 pressure of 1.5 Mpa and
ethanol:water of 40:60 (v/v), glucan content in pretreated residue was greatly enhanced
from 42.2 wt% (untreated bagasse) to 84.8 wt% while 82.9% of xylan and 83.3% of
lignin was removed. Meanwhile, 95.1% of original cellulose was recovered in the
residue. Removal of hemicellulose and lignin improved the enzymatic accessibility of
sugar cane bagasse. At very low enzymes loading ( cellulase loading 10 FPU/g cellulose
and -glucosidase loading 20 CBU/g cellulose), 81.3 % of glucose yield was obtained
after 96-h hydrolysis, compared with 6.9 % for untreated hydrolysis. When cellulase
loading was promoted to 15 FPU/g cellulose, almost 100% glucose yield was obtained.
In conclusion, O2-ethanol pretreatment was an environmentally friendly and
effective method for sugar cane bagasse pretreatment. It was able to remove
hemicellulose and lignin from sugar cane bagasse at very low combined severity
without exogenous catalyst and significantly improve the enzymatic digestion of sugar
cane bagasse.
Keywords: O2; ethanol organosolv pretreatment; sugar cane bagasse; enzymatic
hydrolysis
74
OC7
Optimization of Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Ammonium Hydroxide
Pretreated Empty Fruit Bunch using Central Composite Design
Nur Farahin Abdul Rahman1, Shuhaida Harun1, Mohd Shaiful Sajab1, Saiful Irwan
Zubairi2, Osman Hassan2
1
Dept. of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment,
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
2
School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
Ammonium hydroxide pretreated oil palm empty fruit bunch was employed as
lignocellulosic biomass substrate for the investigation on monomeric fermentable sugar
production using enzymatic hydrolysis process.. Cellulose saccharification in
enzymatic hydrolysis into a high yield fermentable sugar is an important step in
bioconversion technology. Response surface methodology (RSM) was deployed in the
study of variables affecting enzymatic hydrolysis on the released of sugar glucose and
xylose. Five levels (-,-1, 0, +1,+) of independent variable factors, which were
cellulase enzyme - Cellic CTec2 (15- 50 FPU/g glucan), hydrolysis temperature (45
60 C), and agitation speed in hydrolysis process (100 180 rpm), were randomly setup
by using the Central Composite Design (CCD) in Response Surface Methodlogy
(RSM). The response of glucose and xylose concentration of different hydrolysis
condition were analyzed after 96 h. Test for lack-of-fit on the full quadratic regression
models showed the p-values were larger than the value of 0.05 implying the regression
models of the monomeric glucose and xylose concentration adequately fitted the
experimental data. In addition, the model adequately described the experimental data
with the coefficient of determination, R2 of 95%. The final optimal condition of the
factors for the highest glucose and xylose concentration were 36.36 FPU/g of glucan
(cellulase enzyme), 50C (temperature) and 140 rpm (agitation speed). Under this
condition a maximum glucose release of 8.69 g/ L (78.28% conversion) was achieved,
with a corresponding xylose release of 6.03 g/L (81.25% conversion).
Keywords: Lignocellulosic; Empty fruit bunch; Ammonium hydroxide; Pretreatment;
Sugar; Conversion
75
OC8
A Novel Thermal-Chemical Treatment Process for the Full
Utilization of Wheat Straw
Chao Liu, Yuedong Zhang, Guang Yu, Bin Li*
CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and
Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China (No.189
Songling Road, 266101)
Pretreatment or fractionation is one of the key steps for the conversion of
lignocelluloses to sustainable biofuels, biomaterials or biochemicals, because
pretreatment/fractionation can break the natural recalcitrance of lignocelluloses, thus
improving the conversion efficiency of downstream processes. In the present work, a
novel thermal-chemical treatment process for the full utilization of wheat straw was
developed. Firstly, hot water treatment was conducted to extract hemicellulose for
further production of xylo-oligosaccharide (XOS). The removel of hemicellulose could
be over 80%, and the yield of XOS could reach 65% after xylanase hydrolysis of the
extracted hemicellulose. Secondly, the hot water-treated stock was further treated with
ammonium sulfite to remove part of lignin. After the second stage of treatment, the
black liquor containing N element could be modified to generate lignin-based organic
fertilizer, and then the treated cellulosic substrate could be efficiently converted to
glucose by enzymatic saccharification. The glucose yield could be higher than 90%,
and the obtained glucose could be further converted to biofuels (e.g. ethanol, or butanol)
or chemicals (e.g. succinic acid, or isoprene) by fermentation. Therefore, through this
thermal-chemical treatment process, wheat straw was efficiently fractionated and
utilized without negative impact of environment. By producing high value added
products, the economic feasibility of the whole process could be improved. In addition,
to further reduce the process cost, this thermal-chemical treatment process could be
integrated with power plant by utilizing the surplus steam and electricity, while the solid
residue derived from the process could be subjected to power plant to generate power
and steam.
Keywords: Biomass pretreatment/fractionation; Wheat straw; Xylo-oligosaccharide;
Saccharification.
76
Parallel Session D-1: Integrated Systems

KD1
Biomass as back-up fuel in Hybrid Solar Power Plants
Huili Zhang1, Jan Baeyens1,2 and Tianwei Tan1
1
Beijing University of Chemical Technology,
College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing China

2
Warwick University, School of Engineering, Coventry, U.K
To operate a solar power plant on a continuous basis requires the use of a thermal
energy storage (TES) and/or a back-up fuel (BS) to overcome "dead" solar periods.
Zhang et al. presented a design methodology for a Concentrated Solar Power plant
(CSP), enhanced with TES and BS, to guarantee a constant power generation at its
nominal capacity
Biomass is widely available, with an energy content of 15 to 23 MJ/kg. The
combustion of woody biomass limits pollution problems of NOx, SOx and others, as
normally encountered when burning fossil fuel.
Biomass can therefore be readily applied in a hybrid CSP, as in the Termosolar Borges
plant. The Termosolar Borges (Spain) plant provides a 24/7 operation, even without
sunlight. The peak capacity is 22.5 MWel (sunlight) and 12 MWel (only biomass). The
solar field consists of trough-shaped mirror reflectors to concentrate solar radiation onto
receiver tubes containing thermal transfer fluid which is heated to produce steam. The
Thermal block comprises one 22 MWth biomass boiler, one 14 MWth dual biomass and
natural gas boiler, one 10 MWth natural gas conventional auxiliary boiler for assistance
and a steam generator. The estimated annual total production is 101.5 GWh gross, 98
GWh net (44.1 GWh from solar energy, 47.3 GWh from biomass and 10.2 GWh from
supplemental natural gas). During the hours of solar radiation shortage, energy
production is complemented by the biomass burners, supplied mainly with forest
trimmings and short rotation energy crops. Natural gas is used only as residual resource
of support.
Hybridization can reduce CSP cost by (i) making greater use of the turbine and
generator component, a large portion of a CSP plant cost, and (ii) by the use of biomass.
The capacity of the plant is sufficient to provide eco-friendly power for about 27 000
Spanish households, avoiding 24,500 ton of CO2 emission. This kind of hybrid plants
allows to deploy concentrated solar power in areas with lower solar radiation but with
biomass resources available nearby.
Keywords: Biomass; Concentrated Solar power plant.
77
KD2
Renewable Aviation Fuel in New Zealand: Plant Design and
Economic Evaluation of 3 Feedstocks
Matthew Watson1, Chris Williamson1
1
Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New

Zealand
New Zealand has an unusual makeup of electricity supply wherein 80% is
generated from renewable resources.
However, as a nation New Zealand still imports
75% of its fossil fuel based liquid petroleum products (MBIE, Energy in New Zealand
2015).
To lower fossil fuel sourced carbon dioxide emissions, it makes sense to
transfer more of New Zealands transportation to electrically powered modes of

transport. For airline travel, electrically powered modes of long haul flight appear to
be infeasible, and will continue to depend on high energy density liquid fuels.
In this
paper we explore the possibility of generating aviation fuel from several different
renewably based feedstocks in New Zealand. Specifically, three feedstocks will be
explored in detail: tallow from beef and lamb; woody biomass from commercial
forestry; and purpose grown canola oil. For tallow feedstock, a process based upon
Honeywell UOPs patented process (US Patent 8,058,492) was used in which the tallow
is hydrogenated, deoxygenated and isomerized to create a mix of fuels which were
further refined and separated into their various fractions.
For the woody biomass
feedstock, a gasifier was used to create synthesis gas which was then passed through a
Fischer-Tropsch reactor to produce a mix of hydrocarbons.
For the third feedstock,
purpose-grown canola oil was reacted with methanol in a fatty acid transesterification
reaction, and the methyl-esters were upgraded to aviation fuel in a downstream process.
A detailed description of the three processes will be given comparing and contrasting
the technical benefits and drawbacks of each.
Furthermore, the process economics
will be explored including projections of both capital and operating costs and the
influence of governmental policy and consumer based purchasing decisions.
Keywords: Tallow; Canola, Biomass; Gasification; Fischer-Tropsh; Hydrogenation;
Isomerization; Transesterification; Aviation.
78
OD1
Simultaneous Material, Energy, and Exergy Integration for
Biorefinery Concepts
Benjamin H. Y. Ong, Martin J. Atkins, Timothy G. Walmsley, Michael R. W.
Walmsley, James R. Neale
Energy Research Centre, School of Engineering, University of Waikato, Hamilton,
New Zealand
The aim of this paper is to synthesise an integrated biorefinery with an existing

pulp mill using exergy transfer effectiveness and process integration (Total Site
Analysis) methodologies. This study applies both heat and exergy cascade methods to
develop an optimised biorefinery that maximises profit. The methodology is used assess
the multiple technologies, such as, gasification, FT fuel production, hydrothermal
liquefaction of black liquor and bioethanol production that convert wood biomass and
pulp mill waste to a wide range of value added products. The challenge is to improve
economics through improved material, energy, and exergy integration to maximise
value. Material integration maximises value of initial feedstocks as well as process
waste streams through a symbiotic cascade of material. Energy integration minimises
heating and cooling utility inputs to the processes through heat recovery. Exergy
integration as quantified for process heat networks using Exergy Transfer Effectiveness
(ETE) identifies areas of greatest exergy destruction (i.e. low effectiveness), which may
be improved through the introduction of new process within the correct temperature
range.
Results show the application of a simultaneous material, energy, and exergy integration
method has excellent potential in helping select processes for an integrated biorefinery
that maximises extracted value. Cascading high temperature heat through the various
processes, e.g. gasification to hydrothermal liquefaction to Kraft pulp and to bioethanol
production, ensures improved levels of material, energy, and exergy efficiency.
Keywords: Biorefinery, Process integration, Exergy Analysis

79
OD2
Exergy analysis as a key tool for the evaluation of bio- and
thermo-chemical energy conversion processes for biomass
Jan Baeyens1,2, Huili Zhang1, Weibin Kong1 and Tianwei Tan1
1 College
of Life Science and Technology,
Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China

2 School
of Engineering, Warwick University, Coventry, U.K.
Exergy analysis is a thermodynamic analysis technique which is based on the first

and second law of thermodynamics and provides an alternative means of energetically
assessing and comparing processes by providing a measure of how close the actual
process approaches the (thermodynamically) ideal situation. The destruction of exergy
is due to the generation of entropy and hence a highly irreversible process. Processes
associated with low energy efficiencies, will result in a sharp decrease in total exergy.
Therefore, this type of analysis is clearly better suited to identify the causes and
locations of thermodynamical losses than a traditional energy balance. The application
of exergy analysis has only in recent years been recognised by industry and academics,
and the number of research papers dedicated to the exergy analysis of specific processes
has been increasing steadily. This paper will specifically focus on the exergy analysis
of energy conversion methods for biomass, i.e. both the direct combustion or thermochemical methods for transforming biomass into liquid or gaseous fuels (e.g.
combustion in waste-to-energy plants, pyrolysis to bio-oil and biochar, and anaerobic
digestion to biogas).
The first (introductory) section will provide a discussion of the sustainability of
renewable energy generation and the various methodologies that are being applied for
sustainability assessment. The fundamentals and mathematical background of exergy
analysis will further be discussed and the different types of exergetic efficiencies will
be defined. One can distinguish between simple efficiency (based on irreversibilities
when developing energy balances), rational efficiency (ratio exergy of desired output
to the exergy invested in the process) and efficiency with transiting exergy
(modification of simple efficiency through extracting the untransformed exergy
components from incoming and outgoing streams). Also, the difference between a
80
typical energy analysis and exergy analysis will be elaborated.

The second section will provide a review of the numerous papers that have been
dedicated to exergy analysis (1990 current). The obtained results will be discussed
and the major trends will be identified. Based on this overview, a preliminary
comparison between various renewable energy systems can already be made and will
conclude this section.
The third section will illustrate the application of exergy analysis in various
renewable energy systems, through various case studies. The first case study will be the
direct combustion of biomass/waste. This case offers the most simple and direct
approach, since no intermediate products are being formed. Secondly, the
transformation of biomass to biofuels will be considered. This transformation can be
achieved though microbial (fermentation to ethanol, digestion to biogas), chemical
(transesterification for biodiesel production) and thermo-chemical (pyrolysis to bio-oil)
methods. For these methods, not only the conversion itself, but also the subsequent
energy utilization of the produced fuel needs to be considered.
81
OD3
Process design of the hydroesterification of meat processing
dissolved air flotation sludge for biodiesel production:
simulation study and preliminary economic assessment
Oseweuba Valentine Okoro1, Zhifa Sun 1, John Birch 2
1
Department of Physics, Otago University, Dunedin, New Zealand
Department of Food Science, Otago University, Dunedin, New Zealand
For the first time steady state computational simulation for the production of
biodiesel from meat processing derived dissolved air flotation (DAF) sludge via
hydroesterification was investigated. In this simulation study, reactive distillation (RD)
for combined esterification and product separation was integrated with a novel resin
catalysed insitu hydrolysis process with the system analysed for maximum biodiesel
yield. The chemical constituent fragment methodology was utilised in the estimation of
the required thermophysical properties of a pseudo triglyceride, as the traditional
representative triglyceride (triolein) approach was shown to be insufficient. Necessary
kinetic parameters were however obtained from the literature, with the screening of the
available data achieved via the analysis of the vapour pressures and molecular formula
of the pseudo hydrolysis (fatty acid) product. Validation of the RD column simulation
was achieved via comparative assessment of previous simulation work with the insitu
hydrolysis validated based on the expected yield from experimental data. Having
concluded the process design the RD column was optimised for biodiesel yield, with
the pinch analysis undertaken to maximise heat integration. A preliminary economic
assessment of the insitu-hydroesterification system was then undertaken using the total
annualized unit cost approach with equipment and operational costs estimated using
standard chemical engineering correlations.
This investigation was able to establish the technical feasibility of an integrated
insitu hydrolysis and reactive distillation system for the production of biodiesel with
high purity from DAF sludge. An assessment of the economic performance however
suggested the need for further investigations into process improvement approaches.
This investigation therefore facilitated an improved understanding of the energetics and
economics of the combined insitu hydrolysis and RD process, providing a basis for
future practical and realistic industrial designs.
Keywords: Dissolved air flotation sludge; Reactive distillation; Insitu hydrolysis;
Economic assessment
82
Parallel Session D-2: Synthetic biology and platform technology

KD3
Enzyme discovery and engineering in synthetic biology
Yan Feng*, Li Cui, Yu Zhuang, Guangyu Yang, Qian Liu
State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Life Sciences &
Biotechnology,
Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
Recent advances in Synthetic Biology have accelerated our ability to design,
construct and optimize cell factories for pharmaceutical products biosynthesis.
However, constructing efficient metabolic pathways by integrating individual enzymes
into a complex system remains a great challenge. The ability to biosynthetically
produce chemicals beyond what is commonly found in nature requires the discovery of
novel enzyme. Moreover, it is necessary to ensure individual enzymes being fine-tuned
in a metabolic pathway to increase the catalyst efficiency in a whole cell level. In an
adapted system, the biochemical properties of each enzyme such as stability, specific
activity, substrate specificity and selectivity have to be adjusted. To identify suitable
enzyme candidates, we firstly used an integrative platform RxnIP which can aid to
search enzymes recognizing desired substrates according to structural similarity of
enzymes. Furthermore, the directed evolution with ultrahigh-throughput screening,
such as FACS and microfluidic droplet sorting, and semi-rational design coupled with
smart mutant libraries requiring minimal screening are both powerful approaches for
tailoring enzymes with enhanced properties in metabolic pathway. In our lab, we have
successfully heterologous biosynthesized carbohydrate related pharmaceutical
molecules, including -valienamine that is an inhibitor of -type glycosidase, and
ginsenoside Rh2 (not published) that is a potential anticancer drug. In combination of
synthetic biologists and modular biological parts, creating higher-order devices, as
well as discovering and engineering of desired enzymes would bring a great promising
future in the metabolic and synthetic biology.
Keywords: Enzyme discovery; Protein engineering; Synthetic biology.
83
KD4
The impact of environmental parameters on toluene
biodegradation products in a differential biofilter
Achinta Bordoloi and Peter A. Gostomski*
Chemical & Process Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, NZ
A differential soil biofilter with rigorous control of environmental parameters was
operated with toluene as the air-borne pollutant. A differential biofilter is a unique
research tool that allows very rigorous control over all environmental parameters
including the water content of the unsaturated biofilter packing material. A multiparameter experimental design was implemented to determine the impact of
environmental parameters on the fraction of toluene converted to CO2. The parameters
studied included temperature (20 oC, 30 oC, 40 oC), water potential (-10 cmH2O, -20
cmH2O, -100 cmH2O) and inlet toluene concentration (75 ppm, 120 ppm, 193 ppm).
Preliminary experiments verified that all the toluene biodegradation products
containing carbon were measured, explicitly closing the carbon mass balance. A 2-way
ANOVA at different temperatures and toluene concentrations indicated the fraction of
toluene converted to CO2 varied from 54-90%. Varying the temperature and matric
potential demonstrated toluene mineralisation ranging from 35-71%. The overall trends
were that higher temperatures, lower inlet concentrations and higher matric potentials
(wetter conditions) contributed to the higher fractions of toluene converted to CO2. The
same parameters caused the elimination capacity to increase from 12 gm-3h-1 to 54
gm-3h-1. Staining and total organic carbon analysis indicated that the other dominant
product from toluene degradation was polysaccharides. These results are relevant to
industrial biofiltration, as the diversion of pollutants to polysaccharides potentially
decreases the active life of a biofilter bed due to increased pressure drop.
Keywords: biofiltration, carbon balance, carbon dioxide, differential bioreactor,

mineralisation, polysaccharides, soil, toluene.
84
OD4
Biological pretreatment of lignocellulosic substrates under mild
alkaline conditions
Xinshu Zhuang1, Guixiong Zhou1, Xuesong Tan1, Wen Wang1, Qiang Yu1, Qiong
Wang1, Wei Qi1,
Zhenhong Yuan1,2*
1. Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy,
Chinese Academy of Sciences;Guangdong Key Laboratory of New and Renewable
Energy Research and Development (Guangzhou 510640China)
2. Collaborative innovation center of biomass energy ( Zhengzhou 450002, China)
Although biological pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass has the advantages of
being environmentally friendly and have low-energy consumption, it usually requires a
relatively long incubation time. In this study, a novel stepwise pretreatment of
combination of mild alkali treatment with fungal pretreatment was conducted to
enhance enzymatic hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse. Sugarcane bagasse was first
soaked in the mild alkaline solution, which was then directly pretreated with alkalitolerant fungal Trametes versicolor T-4. The combined pretreatments led to significant
increases of the lignin degradation than those of one step pretreatments.
Combining with soak in a NaOH solution (pH10.0), biopretreatment for 21 days
significantly enhanced the availability of cellulose and achieved a max cellulose
enzymatic saccharification rate of 69.4% with a dry mass loss of 15.7%. It could
remarkably shorten the incubation time and reduce the losses of carbohydrates.
Ligninase analyses and SEM observations indicated that the enhancing of the efficiency
could possibly attribute to the structure disruption of the sugarcane bagasse during the
first pretreatment step.
KeywordsBiological pretreatment; Mild alkaline condition; Sugarcane bagasse.

Corresponding author: +86-20-87057735
This paper is finacially supported by the NSFC project (No.21406228, 51476179 and
51561145015).
85
OD5
Sustainability Analysis of a Novel Industrial Bioenergy System
Rizwan Rasheed*1, Abdullah Yasar1, A.B. Tabinda1 and Yuehong Su
1
Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University Lahore,

Pakistan
Department of Architecture and Built Environment, University of Nottingham, UK.
A novel small-medium industrial bioenergy project is investigated in-terms of its

socio-economic and environmental sustainability. This research project exclusively
features multi AD system induced with motorized stirring, methane purification,
compression and storage systems. The productivity and success of the plant has been
proven on a variety of substrates in the form of cow-buffalo manure and potatovegetable wastes etc. This article sums-up the sustainability analytics of this
modernized plant as; daily average energy productivity of 384kWh and rate of return
is 15.42% per year. 45.3% of the socio-industrial community shown the willingness to
invest is such project; as such the industrial and employment growth can be up-to 55%.
The life-cycle environmental analysis deliberated that the corresponding climate
change potential in-terms of equivalent amount of CO2 is 113.5kg on average for cowmanure and mix of it with potato slurries.
86
OD6
Tailoring the Oxidative Resistance of Clostridium

tyrobutyricum CCTCC W428 by Metabolic Engineering
Qian Wu1, Liying Zhu2, He Huang3, Ling Jiang4*
1
College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University,
China
2
College of Chemical and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, China
3
College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, China
4
College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Chin
The fermentation of anaerobic microorganisms is an area of interest among
biotechnologists and bulk chemists. However, the rigid conditions of anaerobic
microorganisms have limited their large-scale industrial process. Clostridium
tyrobutyricum CCTCC W428 is an ideal acid-producing bacterium adopted for the
production of butyric acid. The primary purpose of the present work is to improve the
oxidative tolerance of C. tyrobutyricum CCTCC W428. Firstly, the methyl-directed
mismatch repair system (MMR) was inactivated by utilizing a mobile group II intron,
resulting to the hypermutable cells, and then combined with the method of stressinduced-mutagenesis based adaptive evolution (SIM), and finally obtained mutant
strains with high mutation rate and stable hereditary. Secondly, trehalose biosynthesis
capability was introduced into the mutant strains by cloning and over-expressing the
trehalose synthase gene, generating the strong robustness strains which are suitble for
industrial-scale production. Compared with the wild type, the mutant strains showed a
wider substrate spectrum and a significantly increased survival rate upon aeration and
acid challenge. Whats more, RNA-Seq, phenomics and metabolomics revealed that all
genes related to the three central metabolic pathways, including the glycolytic pathway,
the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the pentose phosphate pathway and the amino acid pathway
were up-regulated. These results demonstrate that the inactivation of MMR combined
with the trehalose biosynthesis can increase the hosts oxidative resistance, and this is
of great theoretic significance for metabolic engineering of other anaerobic
microorganisms for industrial production in the near future.
Keywords: Clostridium tyrobutyricum; Oxidative stress; Trehalose biosynthesis;

Methyl-directed mismatch repair.
87
OD7
Supported Liquid Membrane Process for Removal of Acetic
Acid From Biomass Hydrolysate
Norlisa Harruddin1, Syed M. Saufi1, Che Ku M. Faizal 2,
Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia

Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia.
Faculty of Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun

Razak, 26300 Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia.
Acetic acid is an inhibitor compound commonly found in biomass hydrolysate

after acid treatment of biomass during sugar recovery step. This weak acid can inhibits
the cell metabolism and microbial activities during bioconversion of sugar. It is
essential to remove this inhibitor to a minimum level in order to increase the yield of
bioethanol.
In this work, removal of acetic acid from a dilute nitric acid pretreated
biomass hydrolysate by supported liquid membrane (SLM) process was studied.

Polyethersulfone flat sheet membrane was used as the support in the SLM system. The
effects of main parameters of SLM such as concentration of carrier, type of stripping
agent, concentration stripping agent and concentration of feed phase were studied.
Result showed that almost 86% of acetic was succesfully removed from 10 g/l aqueous
solution of acetic acid using 0.5 M of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol as a carrier and 0.5 M sodium
hydroxide as a stripping agent, 10 g/l of acetic acid in feed solution. SLM system shows
a great potential for acetic acid removal since it combines extraction and stripping
process in one single step unit operation.
Keywords: inhibitor; acetic acid; supported liquid membrane; biomass; acid hydrolysis
88
OD8
Reprogramming cellulase and xylananse transcription by
synthetic transcription factors in Trichoderma reesei
Fangzhong Wang1,2, Xu Fang1*
1
State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan,

Shandong, China
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan,

Shandong, China.
It is not a desired strategy of improving enzyme production by deleting of

repressor genes since it usually lead to drastically morphologlical change in filamentous
fungi. In this study, a novel strategy, which was based on synthetic transcription factors,
was proposed in Trichoderma reesei. The construction of sTF, which was named
ca2a1pt, cx1a1pt, ca3a1pt and cc2a1pt, was as follows: the activator proteins (Ace2,
Xyr1, Ace3, Clr2) without the zinc finger regions were flanked by the DNA binding
domains of Cre1 and Ace1, respectively.
T. reesei KA2, KX1, KA3 and KC2 strains were obtained by homologous
integration of respective sTFs. Comparing with T. reesei cre1, the growth of all
transformants was much less damaged. And the expression of main cellulase activator
xyr1, which was repressed by Cre1 and Ace1, was significantly elevated by sTFs.
The transcriptional levels of cellulase and xylanase genes were significantly
upregulated in KA2 and KX1 strains, but not in KA3 and KC2 strains. And the
significant elevation of cellulase and xylanase expression was also confirmed at the
protein level in KA2 and KX1 strains. Finally, the cellulase and xylanase titers were
significantly improved in KA2 and KX1 strains, espcially KA2 strains ,which was
overexceeded T. reesei cre1. This provides new cues of genetic engineering for
enzyme production in filamentous fungi.
Keywords: Trichoderma reesei; synthetic transcription factor; cellulase; xylanase;
synthetic biology
89
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Handbook and

January 18-21, 2017

The 6th International Conference on

January 18-21, 2017

Professor Shusheng Pang, University of Canterbury, New Zealand

Lu Lin Xiamen University, China

Routes and Map to the Conference Venue

Fares for Transport

Conference Rooms and Hall

Thursday, 19th of January, 2017

Friday, 20th of January, 2017

Saturday, 21th of January, 2017

Dr Rod Carr, Vice

Biofuels and Other

Yusuf Chisti, Massey

Poster Session and Tea Break 11:00-12:00

Parallel Session A: Conversion Technologies

Development And Scale-Up Of A

Study On The Synergetic Effects

Xingang Li, Tianjin

Oxidative Entrained Flow

Muhamad Fazly Abdul

Investigation Of Coke Deposition

Experimental Evaluation Of Tar

Ziyin Zhang, University

Two-Step Hydrolysis Of Corn Cob

Investigation Of Ammonia Removal

Tea Break 3:15 3:35

Molecular Mechanisms In Lignin

Production Of (2R, 3R)-2, 3Butanediol With Engineered

Jet Biofuel Production From Algal

Jun Cheng, Zhejiang

Ethylene Production From

Cheng Li, University of

Using Sulfonated Graphene Oxide

The Effects Of Pretreatment On

Xing Xin, University of

The Effect Of Monoglyceride

Eiji Minami, Kyoto

Parallel Session B: Bio-based Materials and

5-HMF Production From

Charles Xu, Western

Urban Wastewater Treatment

Production Of Acetonitrile Via

Ying Zhang, University

Effect Of Nutritional And

High Performance Hybrid

Liang Ma, Beijing

Prediction Of The Solidification

Separation Of Binary Solution At

Tea Break 3:15 3:35

Co-chairs: Charles Xu; Nirmal Khandan

Production Of Aviation Biofuel

Technologies For Liquid Biofuels

Paul Bennett and

Mechanism Of Adsorption And

Experimental Research On WetPress Molding Features And

Lianjun Hu, Henan

Mazrul Nizam Abu