Divine Mercy College Foundation

129 University Ave. Caloocan City

Assignment
In
Economics

Submitted to: Mrs. Magdurulang

Submitted by: Yumul, Marian R.

SOCIAL PROGRAMS

The Department of Social Welfare and Development is an active Philippine government

agency helping underprivileged children, families, the elderly and the disabled in different
islands and the surrounding area. Volunteers can be involved with after-school programs, adult
education, computer training for teenagers and street children and other valuable programs.
These are just a few of the specific needs in the Social Welfare Office. Other volunteers with an
interest and motivation in helping and working with the people of the community can help with
other ongoing projects. This is a very unique experience to learn about governmental programs in
a developing country as well as meet hard working social workers, educators and community
leaders.
As of March 2016, the Philippine portfolio comprises 15 active projects with a total net
commitment of close to $3 billion. Sectors benefiting from Bank-supported projects include
infrastructure, social protection, health, basic education, rural development and environment.

SOCIAL SECURITY AND HEALTH

MEDICAL AND DENTAL SERVICES

Art. 156. First-aid treatment. Every employer shall keep in his establishment such first-aid
medicines and equipment as the nature and conditions of work may require, in accordance with
such regulations as the Department of Labor and Employment shall prescribe.
The employer shall take steps for the training of a sufficient number of employees in first-aid
treatment.
Art. 157. Emergency medical and dental services. It shall be the duty of every employer to
furnish his employees in any locality with free medical and dental attendance and facilities
consisting of:
1. The services of a full-time registered nurse when the number of employees exceeds
fifty (50) but not more than two hundred (200) except when the employer does not
maintain hazardous workplaces, in which case, the services of a graduate first-aider
shall be provided for the protection of workers, where no registered nurse is available.
The Secretary of Labor and Employment shall provide by appropriate regulations, the
services that shall be required where the number of employees does not exceed fifty
(50) and shall determine by appropriate order, hazardous workplaces for purposes of
this Article;
2. The services of a full-time registered nurse, a part-time physician and dentist, and an
emergency clinic, when the number of employees exceeds two hundred (200) but not
more than three hundred (300); and

3. The services of a full-time physician, dentist and a full-time registered nurse as well
as a dental clinic and an infirmary or emergency hospital with one bed capacity for
every one hundred (100) employees when the number of employees exceeds three
hundred (300).
In cases of hazardous workplaces, no employer shall engage the services of a physician or a
dentist who cannot stay in the premises of the establishment for at least two (2) hours, in the case
of those engaged on part-time basis, and not less than eight (8) hours, in the case of those
employed on full-time basis. Where the undertaking is non-hazardous in nature, the physician
and dentist may be engaged on retainer basis, subject to such regulations as the Secretary of
Labor and Employment may prescribe to insure immediate availability of medical and dental
treatment and attendance in case of emergency. (As amended by Presidential Decree NO. 570-A,
Section 26)
Art. 158. When emergency hospital not required. The requirement for an emergency hospital
or dental clinic shall not be applicable in case there is a hospital or dental clinic which is
accessible from the employers establishment and he makes arrangement for the reservation
therein of the necessary beds and dental facilities for the use of his employees.
Art. 159. Health program. The physician engaged by an employer shall, in addition to his
duties under this Chapter, develop and implement a comprehensive occupational health program
for the benefit of the employees of his employer.
Art. 160. Qualifications of health personnel. The physicians, dentists and nurses employed by
employers pursuant to this Chapter shall have the necessary training in industrial medicine and
occupational safety and health. The Secretary of Labor and Employment, in consultation with
industrial, medical, and occupational safety and health associations, shall establish the
qualifications, criteria and conditions of employment of such health personnel.
Art. 161. Assistance of employer. It shall be the duty of any employer to provide all the
necessary assistance to ensure the adequate and immediate medical and dental attendance and
treatment to an injured or sick employee in case of emergency.
Chapter II
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
Art. 162. Safety and health standards. The Secretary of Labor and Employment shall, by
appropriate orders, set and enforce mandatory occupational safety and health standards to
eliminate or reduce occupational safety and health hazards in all workplaces and institute new,
and update existing, programs to ensure safe and healthful working conditions in all places of
employment.
Art. 163. Research. It shall be the responsibility of the Department of Labor and Employment to
conduct continuing studies and research to develop innovative methods, techniques and
approaches for dealing with occupational safety and health problems; to discover latent diseases
by establishing causal connections between diseases and work in environmental conditions; and
to develop medical criteria which will assure insofar as practicable that no employee will suffer
impairment or diminution in health, functional capacity, or life expectancy as a result of his work
and working conditions.

Art. 164. Training programs. The Department of Labor and Employment shall develop and
implement training programs to increase the number and competence of personnel in the field of
occupational safety and industrial health.
Art. 165. Administration of safety and health laws.
1. The Department of Labor and Employment shall be solely responsible for the
administration and enforcement of occupational safety and health laws, regulations
and standards in all establishments and workplaces wherever they may be located;
however, chartered cities may be allowed to conduct industrial safety inspections of
establishments within their respective jurisdictions where they have adequate
facilities and competent personnel for the purpose as determined by the Department
of Labor and Employment and subject to national standards established by the latter.
2. The Secretary of Labor and Employment may, through appropriate regulations,
collect reasonable fees for the inspection of steam boilers, pressure vessels and
pipings and electrical installations, the test and approval for safe use of materials,
equipment and other safety devices and the approval of plans for such materials,
equipment and devices. The fee so collected shall be deposited in the national
treasury to the credit of the occupational safety and health fund and shall be expended
exclusively for the administration and enforcement of safety and other labor laws
administered by the Department of Labor and Employment.
Title II

GOVERNMENT AGENCIES IN CHARGE OF:

SOCIAL PROGRAMS and SOCIAL SECURITY AND HEALTH

Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) The Department of Labor and

Employment is the primary government agency mandated to promote gainful
employment opportunities, develop human resources, protect workers and promote their
welfare, and maintain industrial peace. This government agency is responsible for issuing
Alien Employment Permits (AEP) to foreign nationals who intend to work in the
Philippines.
The Department of Health (DOH), or Kagawaran ng Kalusugan, is the administrative
department of the Philippine government charged with overseeing the health of the
public. The department is obligated to make sure that health services are made available
and accessible to all Philippine citizens. Their task is to improve health care quality, and
to ensure that health care facilities are up to standard.

The Bureau of Food and Drugs is a regulatory agency that ensures the safety, efficacy,

purity and quality of processed foods, drugs, diagnostic reagents, medical devices,
cosmetics and household hazardous substances through state-of-the art technology, as
well as the scientific soundness and truthfulness of product information, for the
protection of public health. The Director is Prof. Leticia Barbara B. Gutierrez.
The Philippines' Department of Social Welfare and
Development (Filipino: Kagawaran ng Kagalingang Panlipunan at Pagpapaunlad,
abbreviated as DSWD) is the executive department of the Philippine Government
responsible for the protection of the social welfare rights of Filipinos and to promote
social development.

PROGRAM OF GOVERNMENT THAT WILL HELP OUR

ECONOMY
Government economic policy, measures by which a government attempts to influence the
economy. The national budget generally reflects the economic policyof a government, and it is
partly through the budget that the government exercises its three principal methods of
establishing control: the allocative function, the stabilization function, and the distributive
function.
Over time, there have been considerable changes in emphasis on these different economic
functions of the budget. In the 19th century, government finance was primarily concerned with
the allocative function. The job of government was to raise revenue as cheaply and efficiently as
possible to perform the limited tasks that it could do better than the private sector. As the 20th
century began, the distribution function acquired increased significance. Social welfare benefits
became important, and many countries introduced graduated tax systems. In the later interwar
period, and more especially in the 1950s and 60s, stabilization was central, although equity was
also a major concern in the design of tax systems. In the 1970s and 80s, however, the pendulum
swung back. Once more, allocative issues came to the fore, and stabilization and distribution
became less significant in government finance.
THE ALLOCATIVE FUNCTION
The allocative function in budgeting determines on whatgovernment revenue will be spent.
Because a high proportion of national income is now devoted to public expenditure, allocation
decisions become more significant in political and economic terms. At all times and in all
countries the calls for expenditure on specific services or activities, or for more generous transfer
payments, will always exceed the amount that can reasonably be raised in taxation or by
borrowing. The debate about how these scarce resources should be allocated has continued for
hundreds of years, and, although numerous methods of deciding on priorities have emerged, it
has never been satisfactorily resolved. In practice, most democracies contain a number of
different factions that disagree on the proper allocation of resources and indeed the proper level
of public sector involvement in the economy; the frequent change of national governments is
related to the constant search for the right answers.
Public goods
SIMILAR TOPICS
incomes policy
foreign policy
bureaucratic politics approach
public debt
government budget
incrementalism
monetary policy
evidence-based policy

war finance
budgetary autonomy

Economists have sought to provide objective criteria for public expenditures through the socalled theory of public goods. It is generally recognized that some goods needed by the public
cannot be provided through the private market. Lighthouses are a classic example. The costs of a
lighthouse are such that no one shipowner will want to finance it; on the other hand, if a
lighthouse is provided for one shipowner, it can be made available to all for no additional cost.
Indeed it must be available to all, since there is no practical means of excluding ships from using
the facility provided by the lighthouse, even if their owners have refused to pay for it. The only
practical method of providing such services is by collective action.
If goods are to be provided in this way, rather than through the private market, it is immediately
necessary to confront the twin problems of deciding how much to provide and who should pay
for that provision. Even if all individuals wanted the service equallyas, perhaps, with
lighthousestheir views on the extent of the service would be influenced by the allocation of the
costs. Where different households may have different preferences and some may not want the
service at allas, for example, with defense by nuclear weaponsthese difficulties are
compounded. Economists have tried to devise abstract voting schemes that would reconcile these
difficulties, but these appear to have little practical application.
Moreover, others would challenge this whole approach to the problem. It would be absurd to say
that the consumer has a taste for national defense and that it is the job of the government to
satisfy it. The task of national leaders is to evolve a defense policy and persuade the public to
accept it. Similarly, conservationists must attempt to awaken the public to the importance of
parks and wildlife. In the context of public policy, the efficient allocation of resources consists
not merely of distributing funds in the pursuit of given objectives but also involves determining
the objectives themselves.