3D HOLOGRAPHIC PROJECTION TECHNOLOGY

3D HOLOGRAPHIC PROJECTION TECHNOLOGY

ABSTRACT: have developed a novel approach to real-

time display holography by combining an
This seminar examines the new overlapping sub-hologram technique
technology of Holographic Projections. It with a tracked viewing-window
highlights the importance and need of technology
this technology and how it represents the
new wave in the future of technology and INTRODUCTION:
communications, the different
application of the technology, the fields Holographic projection is the new wave of
of life it will dramatically affect including technology that will change how we view
business, education, telecommunication things in the new era. It will have
and healthcare. The paper also discusses tremendous effects on all fields of life
the future of holographic technology and including business, education, science, art
how it will prevail in the coming years and healthcare. To understand how a
highlighting how it will also affect and holographic projector works we need to
reshape many other fields of life, know what a hologram is. Holography is
technologies and businesses. Holography the method we use to record patterns of
is a diffraction-based coherent imaging light. These patterns are reproduced as a
technique in which a complex three- three-dimensional image called a
dimensional object can be reproduced hologram. While Hungarian physicist
from a flat, two-dimensional screen with Dennis Gabor invented the hologram in
a complex transparency representing 1947. Todays new technology provides
amplitude and phase values. It is some outstanding advantages to not only
commonly agreed that real-time everyday consumers but also large
holography is the ne plus ultra art and business corporations and governments.
science of visualizing fast temporally Three-dimensional holographic projection
changing 3-D scenes. The integration of technology is loosely based on an
the real-time or electro-holographic illusionary technique called Peppers
principle into display technology is one of Ghost, and was first used in Victorian
the most promising but also challenging theatres across London in the 1860s.
developments for the future consumer Pepper's Ghost was typically used to create
display and TV market. Only holography ghostlike figures on stage. Hidden from
allows the reconstruction of natural- the audience's view, an actor dressed in a
looking 3-D scenes, and therefore ghostly costume would stand facing an
provides observers with a completely angled plate of glass. The audience would
comfortable viewing experience. But to be able to see the glass, but not the actor
date several challenges have prevented directly. 3D holographic projection is a
the technology from becoming rapidly growing technology. With every
commercialized. But those obstacles are business desperately trying to get their
now starting to be overcome. Recently, we product to stand out from the competitors,

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3D hologram advertising and promotion is holographic projection, we must

fast becoming an eye catching success. understand the term Hologram, and the
Thanks to the latest in HD projection and process of
CGI technology, 3D holographic
projection has transformed itself from its making and projecting holograms.
basic Victorian origins into a futuristic Holography is a technique that allows the
audio visual display used by the likes of light scattered from an object to be
Endemol (Big Brother), Coco-Cola and recorded and later reconstructed. The
BMW. With almost limitless holographic technique to optically store, retrieve, and
possibilities, from life like humans to process information. The holograms
blockbuster style special effects, as well as preserve the 3-D information of a
the continual advances in technology, 3D holographed subject, which helps to
holographic projection has a bright future project 3D images.
ahead. HOLOGRAMS:
Holographic Projection Technology A hologram is a physical component or
3D HOLOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGY: device that stores information about the
holographic image. For example a
Holography is a diffraction-based coherent hologram can be a grating recorded on a
imaging technique in which a complex piece of film. It is especially useful to be
three-dimensional object can be able to record a full image of an object in a
reproduced from a flat, two-dimensional short exposure if the object or space
screen with a complex transparency changes in time.
representing amplitude and phase values. It
is commonly agreed that real-time Holos means whole and graphein means
holography is the ne plus ultra art and writing
science of visualizing fast temporally . Holography is a technique that is used to
changing 3-D scenes. The integration of display objects or scenes in three
the real-time or electro-holographic dimensions. These 3D images are called
principle into display technology is one of holograms. A photographic record
the most promising but also challenging produced by illuminating the object with
developments for the future consumer coherent light (as from a laser) and,
display and TV market. Only holography without using lenses, exposing a film to
allows the reconstruction of natural- light reflected from this object and to a
looking 3-D scenes, and therefore direct beam of coherent light. When
provides observers with a completely interference patterns on the film are
comfortable viewing experience. A illuminated by the coherent light a three-
holoprojector will use holographic dimensional image is produced
technology to project large-scale, high-
resolution images onto a variety of Seminar 3D Holographic Projection
different surfaces, at different focal Technology
distances, from a relatively small-scale
projection device. To understand the
technology used in

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TYPES OF HOLOGRAMS: The typical transmission hologram is

viewed with laser light, usually of the
A hologram is a recording in a two-or same type used to make the recording.
three-dimensional medium of the This light is directed from behind the
interference pattern formed when a point hologram
source of light (the reference beam) of
fixed wavelength encounters light of the and the image is transmitted to the
same fixed wavelength arriving from an observers side. The virtual image
object (the object beam). When the
hologram is illuminated by the reference can be very sharp and deep. Furthermore,
beam alone, the diffraction pattern if an undiverged laser beam is directed
recreates the wave fronts of light from the backward (relative to the direction of the
original object. Thus, the viewer sees an reference beam) through the hologram, a
image indistinguishable from the original real image can be projected onto a screen
object. There are many types of located at the original position of the
holograms, and there are varying ways of object.
classifying them. For our purpose, we can Computer Generated Holograms
divide them into three types: reflection
hologram, transmission holograms and Computer Generated Holography (CGH) is
computer generated holograms. the method of digitally generating
holographic interference patterns. A
A. The reflection hologram holographic image can be generate
The reflection hologram, in which a truly Seminar 2013 3D Holographic Projection
three-dimensional image is seen near its Technology
surface, is the most common type shown in
galleries. The hologram is e.g. by digitally computing a holographic
interference pattern and printing it onto a
illuminated by a spot of white mask or film for subsequent illumination
incandescent light by suitable coherent light source.
, held at a specific angle and distance Alternatively, the holographic image can
be brought to life by a holographic 3D
and located on the viewers side of the display (a display which operates on the
hologram. Thus, the image consists of light basis of interference of coherent light),
bypassing the need of having to fabricate a
reflected by the hologram. Recently, these "hardcopy" of the holographic interference
holograms have been made and displayed pattern each time. Consequently, in recent
in colour times the term "computer generated
their images optically indistinguishable holography" is increasingly being used to
from the original objects. If a mirror is the denote the whole process chain of
object, the holographic image of the mirror synthetically preparing holographic light
reflects white light wavefronts suitable for observation.
Computer generated holograms have the
advantage that the objects which one wants
to show do not have to possess any
B. Transmission holograms:

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physical reality at all (completely synthetic recording of an object. Another feature is

hologram generation). On the other hand, that these are glasses free 3D display. This
if holographic data of existing objects is 3D technology can accommodate multiple
generated optically, but digitally recorded viewers independently and simultaneously,
and processed, and brought to display which is an advantage no other 3D
subsequently, this is termed CGH as wel technology can show. The 3D holographic
technology does not need a projection
ADVANTAGES OF HOLOGRAPHIC screen. The projections are projected into
PROJECTION: midair, so the limitations of screen are not
The interest in 3D viewing is not new. The applicable for 3D holographic display
public has embraced this experience since WORKING OF HOLOGRAMS:
at least the days of stereoscopes, at the turn
of the last century. New excitement, The time-varying light field of a scene
interest, and enthusiasm then came with with all its physical properties is to be
the 3D movie craze in the middle of the recorded and then regenerated. Hence the
last century, followed by the fascinations working of holography is divided into two
of holography, and most recently the phases: 1. Recording 2. Reconstruction
advent of virtual reality. Recent Recording of hologram: Basic tools
developments in computers and computer required to make a hologram includes a
graphics have made spatial 3D images red lasers, lenses, beam splitter, mirrors
more practical and accessible. Modern and holographic film. Holograms are
three-dimensional recorded in darker environment, this is to
avoid the noise interference caused by
(3D) display technologies are other light sources. The recording of
increasingly popular and practical not only hologram is based on the phenomenon of
in computer interference. It requires a laser source, a
graphics, but in other diverse environments plane mirror or beam splitter, an object and
and technologies as well. A concurrent a photographic plate. A laser beam from
continuing need is for such practical the laser source is incident on a plane
autostereoscopic 3D displays that can also mirror or beam splitter. As the name
accommodate multiple viewers suggests, the function of the beam splitter
independently and simultaneously. A is to split the laser beam. One part of
particular advantage would be afforded if splitted beam, after reflection from the
the need could be fulfilled to provide such beam splitter, strikes on the photographic
simultaneous viewing in which each plate. This beam is called reference beam
viewer could be presented with a uniquely While other part of splitted beam
customized autostereoscopic 3D image (transmitted from beam splitter) strikes on
that could be entirely different from that the photographic plate after suffering
being viewed simultaneously by any of the reflection from the various points of
other viewers present, all within the same object. This beam is called object beam.
viewing environment, and all with The object beam reflected from the object
complete freedom of movement therein. A interferes with the reference beam when
high resolution three dimensional both the beams reach the photographic

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plate. The superposition of these two The laser provides a highly coherent
beams produces an interference pattern (in source of light. The beam of light hits the
the form of dark and bright fringes) and beam splitter, which is a semi-reflecting
this pattern is recorded on the plate that splits the beam into two: an
photographic plate. The photographic plate object beam and a reference beamfrom
with recorded interference pattern is called various points of the object. Thus, even if
hologram. Photographic plate is also hologram is broken into parts, each part is
known as Gabor zone plate in honour of capable of reconstructing the whole object
Denis Gabor who developed the
phenomenon of holography. Each and
every part of the hologram receives light The object beam is widened by a beam
Seminar 2013 3D Holographic Projection spreader (expanding lens) and the light is
Technology reflected off the object and is projected
onto the photographic plate.
THERE ARE TWO BASIC TYPES OF
HOLOGRAMS: The reference beam is also widened by a
beam spreader and the light reflects off a
REFLECTION HOLOGRAMS mirror and shines on the photographic
plate.
Transmission holograms (i) Reflection
holograms form images by reflecting a The reference and object beams meet at
beam of light off the surface of the the photographic plate and create the
hologram. This type of hologram produces interference pattern that records the
very high quality images but is very amplitude and phase of the resultant wave.
expensive to create. (ii) Transmission (b) Reconstructing Reflection Holograms
holograms form images by transmitting a
beam of light through the hologram. This A reconstruction beam of light is used to
type of hologram is more commonly seen reconstruct the object wave front. The
since they can be inexpensively mass- reconstruction beam is positioned at the
produced. Embossed holograms, such as same angle as the illuminating beam that
those found on credit cards, are was used during the recording phase
transmission holograms with a mirrored
backing.

(i) Reflection Holograms

Figure 2 Image Recording

Figure 1: Recording of reflex holograms i Transmission Holograms

(a) Recording Reflection Holograms
(a) Recording Transmission Holograms

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As with reflection holograms, a laser is A second beam forms the primary (virtual)
used to provide a highly coherent source of image (first order) that is diffracted at the
light. A beam splitter and beam spreaders same angle as the incoming object beam
are also used in the recording of that was used during recording.
transmission holograms.
A third beam forms the secondary (real)
After the object beam passes through the image (first order).
beam spreader, the light is reflected off a
mirror and onto the object. The object Figure 5: Image reconstruction
beam is then reflected onto the As we can see in the diagram, the beams
photographic plate. that form the images are diffracted at the
The reference beam is also reflected off a same angle,
mirror and shines on the photographic , from the undiffracted beam. Between the
plate. image beams, the angle is twice as large, o
The incoming object and reference beams If we look at the hologram at the same
create a resultant wave. The amplitude and angle as the primary image beam (also
phase of the resultant wave is recorded same angle as recording object beam), we
onto the photographic plate as an will see a virtual image of the object
interference pattern located behind the hologram.

Figure 3: Image recording (b)

Reconstructing Transmission Holograms

A reconstruction beam is used to Figure 4: Image reconstruction, primary

illuminate the hologram and is positioned image
at the same angle as the reference beam
that was used during the recording phase.

When the reconstruction beam is placed at APPLICATIONS AND FUTURE

the right angle, three beams of light will SCOPE:
pass through the hologram: Marketing with 3D holographic display
An undiffracted beam (zeroth order) will This worlds innovative technology can
pass directly through the hologram but will enable observers to see lifelike
not produce an image.

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images that float deep inside and project far away in New York while performing in
several feet in front of a display screen. several cities around the world. Today,
Dimensional Studios, a leader in 3D visual three dimensional television and cinemas
display solutions has recently introduced are becoming common, and there is more
its to come. 3D movies in home theatres
require chunky glasses which may be
unparalleled digital signage in the UK. uncomfortable for some people to wear.
This worlds innovative technology can Also experts found that viewing 3D
enable television over a long period can cause
observers to see 3D holographic-like headache and eye strain due to new
images that float deep inside and project sensory experience
several feet in front of an LCD or plasma
display screen. Its aim is for advertising
agencies and consumer products who wish
to catch a huge impact from this new break
through media.

Holography in education CONCLUSION:

Holography being in its infant stage has Holography may still be in its infant stage,
not being widely used in education. but its potentials applications are aspiring.
However, application of holography in Holographic Technology and Spectral
education is not new. Although, the Imagining has endless applications, as far
distance of transition was minimal, long as the human mind can imagine.
distance projection is possible since the Holography being the closest display
images are transmitted over the internet. technology to our real environment may
Holography differs from video just be the right substitute when reality
conferencing because the teacher appears fails. With holography, educational
to be in the classroom. While in video institutions may become a global village
conferencing users can easily notice a sooner that people thought, where
screen and a camera. information and expertise are within reach.
Knowledge sharing and mobility will only
Holography in Entertainment Industry cost a second and learning will become
more captivating and interactive. First,
When one thinks about holography in the there is an urgent need to address the
entertainment industry, the movies Star infrastructural deficiencies limiting the
Trek and Star Wars come into mind. In application of holography in education.
these movies, people relate with holograms More interestingly, the display medium of
as they would relate with real human. holography is very important. A 360
Although, what people see in these movies viewing angle is especially what is needed
are not real holograms, they depict what a to maximize the use of holography in
real hologram looks like and future education. Being able to display a 3D
capabilities of holography. In the musical hologram in free air is also vital, because
industry, holography is being used for interacting with holograms in a covered
concerts. In this case, the musicians can be display may be cumbersome. In order not

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to limit the use of holography to a non- 1. Ahmed Elmorshidy, Ph.D ;Holographic

interactive display medium, incorporation Projection Technology: The World is
with feedback technologies is mandatory. Changing.JOURNAL OF
The haptic technology which makes it TELECOMMUNICATIONS,
possible to touch and manipulate virtual VOLUME
object is especially important. As the field 2. 2, ISSUE 2, MAY 2010 2. Thomas J.
of haptics continues to grow and integrates Naughton;
with holography, interaction with 3. Capture, processing, and display of
holograms becomes limitless. In future, real-world 3D objects using digital
holographic displays will be replacing all holography
4. Takayuki Hoshi, Masafumi Takahashi,
present displays in all sizes, from small
Kei Nakatsuma Touchable Holography
phone screen to large projector
5. The University of Tokyo; 2009 4.
Stephan Reichelt, Ralf Haussler,
Norbert Leister, Gerald Futterer, Hagen
Stolle and Armin Schwerdtner;
6. Holographic 3-D Displays - Electro-
holography within the Grasp of
REFERENCES: Commercialization

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