Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 36 views

    Experiment # 1: Objective

    Uploaded by

    Hurair Tariq FOE-Permanent
    The document describes an experiment to calculate the time period of a spring mass system using Hooke's law apparatus and compare it to theoretical values. The apparatus includes springs, masses, and a stopwatch. The procedure involves attaching a mass to a spring, deflecting it, releasing it, and timing 20 oscillations to calculate the experimental time period. This is repeated for different masses and springs and compared to theoretical time periods calculated using the natural frequency equation. Observations and calculations are recorded in a table. The conclusion will compare experimental and theoretical time periods and calculate percentage error.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Experiment # 1: Objective

    Uploaded by

    Hurair Tariq FOE-Permanent
    36 views5 pages
    The document describes an experiment to calculate the time period of a spring mass system using Hooke's law apparatus and compare it to theoretical values. The apparatus includes springs, masses, and a stopwatch. The procedure involves attaching a mass to a spring, deflecting it, releasing it, and timing 20 oscillations to calculate the experimental time period. This is repeated for different masses and springs and compared to theoretical time periods calculated using the natural frequency equation. Observations and calculations are recorded in a table. The conclusion will compare experimental and theoretical time periods and calculate percentage error.

    Original Description:

    vibration experiment 1

    Original Title

    E1

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document describes an experiment to calculate the time period of a spring mass system using Hooke's law apparatus and compare it to theoretical values. The apparatus includes springs, masses, and a stopwatch. The procedure involves attaching a mass to a spring, deflecting it, releasing it, and timing 20 oscillations to calculate the experimental time period. This is repeated for different masses and springs and compared to theoretical time periods calculated using the natural frequency equation. Observations and calculations are recorded in a table. The conclusion will compare experimental and theoretical time periods and calculate percentage error.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    36 views5 pages

    Experiment # 1: Objective

    Uploaded by

    Hurair Tariq FOE-Permanent
    The document describes an experiment to calculate the time period of a spring mass system using Hooke's law apparatus and compare it to theoretical values. The apparatus includes springs, masses, and a stopwatch. The procedure involves attaching a mass to a spring, deflecting it, releasing it, and timing 20 oscillations to calculate the experimental time period. This is repeated for different masses and springs and compared to theoretical time periods calculated using the natural frequency equation. Observations and calculations are recorded in a table. The conclusion will compare experimental and theoretical time periods and calculate percentage error.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 5

    EXPERIMENT # 1

    OBJECTIVE:
    To calculate the time period of spring mass system using Hookes Law Apparatus and compare it
    with the theoretical values.

    APPARATUS:
    1) Springs of different stiffness.

    2) Masses of different values.

    3) Stopwatch

    THEORY:

    The simplest type of vibrational motion is a mass moving back and forth horizontally due to a spring. To start the
    motion, the system is given either an initial displacement or velocity (or both). At any time, a force equilibrium and
    acceleration diagram can be constructed, similar to the diagram at the left.

    Summing forces in the x-direction gives,

    F x =ma x

    where Fs is the force in the spring, kx. This can be changed to,

    m x +kx =0
    Because the basic differential equation descriptions back and forth motion, it is referred to as harmonic motion.

    Similiarly, mass-spring motion in the vertical direction can also be modeled as a second order differential equation.
    Let the distance y represent the distance from the equilibrium position with gravity. The motion is started with an
    initial displacement and/or velocity. At any time, the forces can be summed, giving,

    F smg=m a y

    But the FS is the spring constant times the total displacement, FS = k(yS + yg). Also, noting yS = y, the equation
    becomes,

    k ( y + y g )mg=m a y

    However, ykg must equal 'mg' (see second graphic at left), and thus the 'mg' terms cancel, giving,

    m y + ky=0

    which is the same as the horizontal equation. It is interesting to note, gravity does not effect the harmonic motion.

    Using the vertical form of the differential equation, it can be written as

    y + n y=0

    where the term n is called the natural frequency, and is given by

    n=
    k
    m
    rad / s

    From differential equations, the general solution is

    y (t )= Asin n t + Bcos n t

    where the constants A and B must be determined from the initial conditions of position
    and velocity. This general solution can be verified by substituting back into the
    differential solution and noting all terms cancel.
    dy (t )
    Constant A is found by evaluating the initial condition ,
    dt t=0

    y (0)
    A=
    n

    Constant B is found by evaluating y(t) @ t = 0,

    B= y (0)

    The diagram at the left shows a typical response for a spring-mass system. Notice that the response y(t) oscillates
    about the equilibrium position sinusoidally with a constant amplitude.

    The frequency of oscillations, f, can be expressed in cycles per second (hertz) as

    n
    f=
    2

    The time taken to complete one full oscillation is called the period ,

    1 2
    = =
    f n

    PROCEDURE:
    1. Take a spring and attach the mass at its one end.
    2. Then attach the other end of the spring with pin on Hookes Law apparatus.
    3. Deflect the spring from its original position by keeping spring straight.
    4. Take a stop watch to note the time.
    5. Release the mass and instantly start the stop watch.
    6. Note the time of 20 oscillations and calculate the time period by using formula
    Time Period = (Time of total Oscillation) / Total number oscillations

    Note: This time period will be experimental time period.

    7. Repeat the procedure 2 to 3 times and take the average time period.
    8. Change the mass and repeat the same procedure.
    9. Compare it with theoretical values.

    OBSERVATIONS & CALCULATIONS:

    Sr. k m (kg) theo Ttheo (s) Time (20 Texp (s) Percentage
    No. (N/m) (rad/s) cycles) (s) Error
    1

    4
    CONCLUSION:

    You might also like